《关于“垃圾分类”的主题阅读》阅读练习及答案

倒垃圾文明的阅读题答案材料二：目前我国实行“可持续发展”的政策，分类回收垃圾是最好的处理方法，既节省资源，又环保。

如今中国生活垃圾一般可分为四大类：和____。

目前常用的垃圾处理方法主要有综合利用、卫生填埋、焚烧和堆肥。

可回收垃圾主要包括废纸、塑料、玻璃、金属和布料五大类。

通过综合处理回收利用，可以减少污染，节省资源。

如每回收1吨废纸可造好纸850公斤，节省木材300公斤，比等量生产减少污染74%。

有害垃圾包括废电池、废日光灯管、废水银温度计、过期药品等，这些垃圾需要特殊安全处理。

其他垃圾包括除.上述几类垃圾之外的砖瓦陶瓷、渣土、卫生间废纸等难以回收的废弃物，采取卫生填埋可有效减少对地下水、地表水、土壤及空气的污染。

材料三：班级成员在附近三个社区以“你认为什么是垃圾分类的障碍”为题展开调查：34.8%的人认为设施不全，无法分类投放：30.9%的人认为是因为缺乏环保意识：13.42%的人表示不知道该如何分类：13.2%的人是因为对垃圾分类回收的益处不了解：3.15%的人觉得麻烦：2.31%的人是出于对职能部门不信任，认为将来还会将所有垃圾合在一起，现在分了也白分：还有2.13%的人认为此举没有意义。

1.利用材料－信息，请在材料二的横线上填上合适的答案。

答案：可回收物+餐厨垃圾+有害垃圾+其他垃圾本题解析：本题考查的是对材料内容的辨析和理解，根据材料－中的四个垃圾桶可以得出中国生活垃圾－般可分为四大类，分别是可回收物、餐厨垃圾、有害垃圾、其他垃圾。

2.通过比较阅读，我发现这三则材料关注的话题是：_想了解普通民众对垃圾分类的看法，应重点阅读材料为了掌握“垃圾分类标准”的相关知识，你应该重点阅读材料。

答案：垃圾分类的问题。

本题解析：本题考查的是对文段内容的分析和理解，结合材料内容进行分析和理解。

根据材料内容可以得出三则材料都是围绕垃圾分类展开的。

材料一主要是针对四种垃圾的常见分类形式。

材料二主要是围绕可回收垃圾的种类来展开的。

群文通练一垃圾分类主题解说随着当前国内城市规模不断扩大，城市人口持续增长,城市生态环境面临的压力也不断上升，其中最为突出的便是“垃圾围城"问题.鉴于此，在源头上推行垃圾分类，降低垃圾总量，提升垃圾处理效率势在必行。

自2019年上海率先实施“垃圾分类”管理以来，北京等大城市也相继推出一系列相关措施。

下面两篇文章，有助于你全面、深入地了解这一热点问题。

一、阅读下面的文字，完成文后题目。

材料一：在日常生活中看起来像一件小事的垃圾分类,却是现代生态文明建设的行为共识。

今年6月，住房和城乡建设部等九部门在46个重点城市先行先试的基础上,印发通知，决定自2019年起在全国地级及以上城市全面启动生活垃圾分类工作，到2025年，全国地级及以上城市基本建成生活垃圾分类处理系统。

这意味着，中国城乡全面开展垃圾分类拉开帷幕。

纵观世界历史，垃圾分类的法制化都是在工业化的关键阶段全面启动并发力的.在这一时期，有了前期的环境污染教训和环保宣传教育，社会公众对垃圾分类接受度更高;同时,工业化前期和中期积累的科技和经济成果也成为推进垃圾分类的管理基础.目前，我国正处于生态文明建设的关键期、攻坚期和窗口期,党中央对垃圾分类做出统筹部署,符合我国生态环境保护规律和经济社会发展规律。

由于涉及社会文明观念的转型和人们生活方式的改变，垃圾分类是一项“慢工出细活”的系统工程.从国际上看,垃圾分类从试点到全面顺畅运行至少需要一到两代人的时间.考虑到我国目前生态文明制度建设日趋完备与生态环境保护相协调的经济社会发展方式正在全面培育，全民的生态文明共识已基本形成，因此与发达国家相比，这一时间可能会大大缩短.(摘编自常纪文《办好垃圾“小事"需大统筹》）材料二:阻碍公众进行垃圾分类的主要原因材料三：垃圾分类是垃圾处理的一种先进理念和高级模式，有利于提升垃圾处理系统效能与二次污染控制水平，有利于垃圾的减量化、资源化、无害化处理，但其意义远不止于此.垃圾分类还可以促进相关法律、法规、政策、制度、标准的逐步完善，通过转变发展模式与调整产业结构,通过推行清洁生产与循环经济，将垃圾处理的重心前移,扭转目前“大量生产、大量消费、大量废弃”的局面，在生产过程和消费环节减少垃圾产生。

部编版六年级语文下册期末专项非连续性文本阅读班级______________ 姓名______________ 时间：40分钟一、阅读材料，完成练习。

【材料一】垃圾分类的意义1．减少占地。

生活垃圾中有些物质不易降解，使土地受到严重侵蚀。

垃圾分类，去掉可以回收的、不易降解的物质，减少垃圾数量达60%以上。

2．减少污染。

目前我国的垃圾处理多采用卫生填埋甚至简易填埋的方式，占用上万亩土地；并且虫蝇乱飞，污水四溢，臭气熏天，严重污染环境。

土壤中的废塑料会导致农作物减产；抛弃的废塑料被动物误食，导致动物死亡的事故时有发生。

因此，回收利用垃圾还可以减少危害。

3．变废为宝。

中国每年使用塑料快餐盒达40亿个，方便面碗5亿～7亿个，一次性筷子数十亿双，这些占生活垃圾的 8%～15%。

1吨废塑料可回炼600千克的柴油。

回收1500吨废纸，可免于砍伐用于生产1200吨纸的林木。

在垃圾成分中，金属、纸类、塑料、玻璃被视为可直接回收利用的资源，占垃圾总量的42．9%，可直接回收利用率应不低于33%。

【材料二】生活垃圾分类及投放图一图二【材料三】为了解辖区居民对生活垃圾分类投放的知晓情况，某居委会从不同人群中各选了100人进行问卷调查，调查结果如下表：1．生活垃圾可分为________、________、____________、____________四类。

2．下列垃圾投放错误的一项是( )。

A．可乐瓶——可回收物B．橘子皮——其他垃圾C．烂菜叶——厨余垃圾D．废日光灯管——有害垃圾3．下列关于生活垃圾分类的说法，错误的一项是( )。

A．分类投放生活垃圾可以使垃圾量减少一半以上。

B．生活垃圾近三分之一可以被直接回收利用。

C．用填埋法处理生活垃圾不仅占用土地，还污染环境。

D．1500吨废纸可生产出1200吨纸。

4．请从材料三中概括出两条居民对垃圾分类知晓情况的信息。

________________________________________________________5．小红放学回家，奶奶递了一杯从外面买来的珍珠奶茶给她。

“互联网+”智能服务垃圾分类①现在，全国2／3以上的城市面临“垃圾围城”的困境，很多城市的垃圾已无处填埋，做好垃圾分类，势在必行。

②日常生活中垃圾可分为四种。

第一类是有害垃圾，包括废电池、废药品、废油漆、废胶片及废报纸等含有毒化合物质的物品，这类垃圾先要进行特殊安全处理：第二类是厨余拉圾，包括餐厨垃圾、蔬菜、生鲜、瓜果垃圾等，其水分多，易腐烂变质，散发臭气。

这类垃圾既影响周边环境，也容易在垃圾收运过程中出现污水滴漏问题，投放时要沥干水分，扎紧袋口；这类垃圾采用填埋方式处理；第三类是可回收垃圾，包括废纸、废塑料、废金属、废旧纺织物、废电器电子产品、废玻璃等，这类垃圾可以重新回收、利用、变废为宝：第四类是其他垃圾，如果壳及遇水即溶的卫生间废纸、纸巾等，一般也采用填埋方式，以减少对地下水、土壤及空气的污染。

目前，全国各地大多采用这种“四分”基本分类法，分别用红、绿、蓝、黑四种颜色的拉圾桶，提醒居民分类投放垃圾，为智能垃圾分类系统的上线打下良好的群众基础。

③EFF企业研发上线了“互联网＋”智能服务垃圾分类系统，并已在浙江、上海、重庆等省市试点。

这个回收系统主要通过构建云服务平台，布局智能垃圾分类回收箱，智能积分兑换发放一体机以及手持终端、自动称重系统、手机APP 平台等，形成智能监管、服务和运算体系，几乎涵盖了垃圾分类所有的前端分类产品线。

居民可以用智能手机下载回收系统APP平台，直接参与垃圾分类积分奖励活动，正确参与垃圾分类能获得一定的积分，累积一定的积分后可兑换专用日用品。

没有智能手机的居民，则发放环保IC卡，实行一户一卡、一账户的实名认证和登记，建立居民档案，同样参与垃圾分类积分奖励活动，这种方式相较于所采用的督导、罚款等方式，更受居民欢迎，效果也更好。

④不仅如此，这个系统还对可回收物资是否被正确分类投放、回收设备是否满溢等都能实时的识别和监控。

满溢的回收箱还可以自动发出警报，“呼唤”收运车辆前来回收，可全程无人值守，极大地降低投入成本。

非连续性文本阅读训练阅读下面文本，完成下列各题。

材料一：随着我国城镇化进程的加快以及人民生活水平的提高，生活垃圾的总量也在不断加大，部分城市在市郊露天堆放垃圾，对天气、土壤、水的环境造成污染。

大量餐厨垃圾与其他垃圾混合填埋或焚烧，产生有毒物质，威胁着居民健康，这种现象正在向农村地区蔓延。

垃圾分类作为垃圾处理的前端环节，其作用早已得到世界的公认，分类收集不仅能大幅度减少垃圾给环境带来的污染，节约垃圾无害化处理费用，更能使资源得到重复利用，有人将垃圾称为“放错了地方的资源”。

据保守估计，我国城市每年丢弃的可回收垃圾价值在300亿元左右。

但我国的垃圾分类工作一直难以有效推进，相关调查显示：约四分之一的受访者认为垃圾分类效果不明显或完全没有效果。

（摘编自《垃圾变资源！这不是魔法，而是垃圾分类》，2017年4月5日新华网）材料二：笔者所在的小区，居民楼前三个垃圾桶分别表示出应放置可回收物、其他垃圾和餐厨垃圾。

可是大多数居民还是把垃圾混杂在一起，一扔了之。

问及原因时，有人说：“我辛辛苦苦分了类，环卫车辆却混在一起运走了，分类还有什么意义？”这种现象可以说是屡见不鲜，垃圾分类处理是个复杂的系统工程，包括分类投放、分类收集、分类运输、分类处理，各个环节必须配套衔接，才能高效运行。

分类投放是居民的责任，分类收集、分类运输、分类处理是政府的责任。

分类投放的参与率和准确率较低，会影响垃圾分类制度的实施效果；而分类的目标和途径不十分清晰，后端分类处理不到位、不完善，又影响前端居民分类的积极性。

前不久，国务院办公厅转发国家发改委、住建部《生活垃圾分类制度实施方案》，给出了我国推进垃圾分类的总体路线图。

但是，这一方案即使再科学合理，如果缺乏全民动员、全民参与，也难以由蓝图变为现实。

我们应当认识到，生活垃圾虽然有资源属性，但污染属性更不可忽视。

不按要求扔垃圾，并不只是“把资源放错了地方”而已，实际上，那就是随意丢弃污染物、危害环境的行为。

备战2023中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练(中考真题+名校最新模拟真题)专题08 垃圾分类（2021·广西梧州·中考真题）Recycling is a way to take rubbish and turn it into new products. It’s helpful to our environment. There are a number of different recycling steps that allow materials to be used more than once.All kinds of materials can be recycled. Some of the most common things in use today include recycling plastic, glass, metals and paper. Things made of these materials include soda cans, plastic milk boxes, newspapers, computers and cardboard boxes.There are a number of advantages for recycling. These include: Landfills—Recycling materials means less rubbish and saves space in landfills. Resources—When we use materials again, this means we can take fewer resources from the earth. Pollution—in general, recycling materials can produce less pollution, helping to keep our environment clean.Be sure to recycle everything you can in your house and school. There is almost a “recycle” rubbish can around. Be sure to drop your used aluminum cans and plastic bottles there. At home, be sure to put paper things like the newspapers, paper boxes, and homework pages into the recycle box.Plastics are usually marked with an identification code that shows a recycling symbol and a number from 1 to 7. This shows that the type of chemicals, or materials, is used in making the plastic. Used paper can be recycled around seven times.It is high time we set up a recycle station in every street, across the city and the country, so the cleaners can transport the rubbish conveniently. This is the only way out for handling rubbish without causing danger to the environment and our health. For ourselves, our children and our children’s children, let’s take action NOW! 1．From the first paragraph, we know that ________.A．we can make more money from recyclingB．recycling is helpful to our environmentC．recycling is common and popularD．there is too much rubbish around us2．In paragraph 3, we know that recycling has many advantages including ________.A．less rubbish B．more spaceC．less pollution D．all the above3．What kinds of materials are usually marked with an identification code?A．Paper.B．Plastics.C．Glass.D．Metals.4．The underlined word “handling” in the last paragraph means ________ in Chinese.A．处理B．生产C．收购D．变卖5．What does the writer mainly want to tell us?A．We should recycle everything in our daily life.B．Many resources can be saved by recycling.C．We should take action to recycle rubbish.D．Recycle stations should be set up in the street.（2022·广东·河源市第二中学一模）It’s not WASTE until it is WASTED!With the World Environment Day coming, our school is now requiring every student to form a habit of sorting the waste. Here in our schoolyard we lay four different colors of rubbish bins for different kinds of rubbish. The red is for harmful waste; the blue is for waste that can be recycled; the green is for kitchen waste; the yellow is for other waste.The followings are some instructions for you.Glass: Empty bottles without caps can be recycled to make new glass bottles.Warning: Mirrors and light bulbs must not be included in the glass waste.Paper: Newspapers, magazines, boxes must be clean enough to be recycled.Warning: Paper tissues and wallpaper are not recyclable as paper and should be kept separately.PMD waste: Packaging made of Plastic or Metal and drink boxes are used to make new packaging.Warning: Plastic pots (e.g. yogurt pots), plastic bags must not be included in the PMD waste.Harmful waste: out-of-date drugs, used batteries(电池), paint and oil …Besides, if you don’t need your old bikes at all, our school volunteers will collect them. We’re going to fix them up and then give them away to kids who don’t have enough money for a bike.6．According to the passage, the fish bones(骨) should be thrown in the ________ bin.A．red B．blue C．green D．yellow7．From the passage, we can know that ________ can be included with the PMD waste.A．yogurt pots B．plastic bags C．drink boxes D．out-of-date drugs8．Which of the following is true?A．All kinds of paper can be recycled.B．Used batteries should be thrown into the blue bins.C．There is information about recycling on the school website.D．Mirrors and light bulbs can be made into new glass bottles.9．If you give your old bike to the volunteers, it will be ________.A．sold to collect money for the poor kids B．given away immediately to the poor kidsC．fixed up and given back to you for free D．fixed up and given away to the poor kids10．The main purpose of this passage is ________.A．to introduce waste sorting to the students B．to look for volunteers for waste sortingC．to introduce the World Environment Day D．to advertise glass, paper and plastic products（2022·山东·金乡县教学研究室三模）A new rubbish sorting system has been put into use in Beijing. Local people not only sort their rubbish, but also put QR codes（二维码）on it.“When the rubbish is collected and the codes are seen, I will get reward points to exchange for small gifts and even some money,” a local people said. “It’s really creative and encouraging.”This smart system has been carried out in 350 communities in Beijing. The capital of China has joined a list of cities in the country that take action to support rubbish sorting. For example, Shenzhen and Shanghai have made laws to punish for not sorting rubbish correctly.China produces quite a lot of rubbish every year. Much of the rubbish is buried（填埋）in soil or burned without being sorted. Landfills（填埋场）take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby. And burning rubbish can produce harmful gases. Through rubbish sorting, we can reduce the use of landfills and airpollution.What’s more, rubbish sorting saves resources, which could bring economic benefits（利益）. For example, a ton of waste paper can be reused to make about 850kg of paper, saving 17 trees and 50 percent of water. Because of their benefits, some countries have developed successful sorting systems.In Australia, every family is provided with three rubbish bins—the red lid（盖子）bin for “general waste” like food and plastic bags, the yellow lid bin for “recycling” like steel and glass, and the green lid bin for “green waste” such as grass and leaves. On the streets, the bins are printed with pictures of the things that are allowed inside. It makes recycling quite easy.11．When using the new rubbish system in Beijing, people will use ________ .A．B．C．D．12．What are the consequences（后果）of burying rubbish?①Polluting soil. ①Polluting water.①Saving resources. ①Taking up a lot of land.①Producing terrible air. A．①①①B．①①①C．①①①D．①①①13．In Australia, which bin should you put food left after dinner in?A．The red lid bin.B．The yellow lid bin.C．The green lid bin.D．The black lid bin.14．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A．Shenzhen still hasn’t joined to take action to sort rubbish.B．Burying rubbish takes up lots of land and produces pollution.C．Rubbish sorting could bring few economic benefits.D．Australia hasn’t developed ways of sorting rubbish correctly.（2022·内蒙古·呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区教育研修中心一模）15．In which column (专栏) of a newspaper can we probably read this passage?A．Sports Report.B．Movie Review.C．Around the World.D．Advertisement.16．What can help people to sort rubbish properly in China?A．An app.B．A robot.C．computer technology.D．Good habit.17．In which country do people have a good habit about rubbish sorting?A．China.B．America.C．Canada.D．Japan.18．Which is Not True according to the passage?A．A mini app in Alipay can type in the name of the rubbish.B．A company’s robot in US can sort over 60 kinds of rubbish every minute.C．A company in Canada uses computer technology to sort rubbish on a moving belt.D．Japan has been practicing rubbish sorting for lots of years.19．What is the main idea of the passage?A．All countries have ways of rubbish sorting.B．How to sort rubbish.C．Different ways of sorting rubbish in 4 countries.D．Rubbish Sorting is quite important and necessary.（2022·浙江杭州·二模）We all know that recycling rubbish is very important. But sometimes it is not so convenient when we can’t find a recycling bin anywhere.Now a team of middle school students from North Dakota, US, has solved that problem. They turned their idea into reality with their Recycling Bin App (应用程序). This app encourages people to recycle. It provides users with a map of local recycling centers. And it allows them to save locations as favorites. Besides, this app also reminds users to recycle.The group of nine sixth-graders is from STEM Center Middle School. They came up with the idea as part of aschool project for the Verizon Innovative App Challenge. Their school provides professional app training. It gave 10 teams Samsung tablets as prizes.The contest aims to develop interest in science, technology, engineering and math. In this contest, students present an app design that could solve a problem in their school or community. The nine students came up with the idea for Recycling Bin when they saw a need for more recycling in their community.“We thought that this would really help a lot of people,” Jaden Hilkemann, 12, told Time For Kids.They kept their design simple so that anyone could use it. Now the free Recycling Bin App has been put into use in the app store.“I was so excited when it went up on the app store,” Seralyn Blake, 12, said. “A lot of my family members downloaded (下载) the app. It was pretty cool.”20．What could the Recycling Bin App provide us?A．A recycling bin.B．A recycling bike.C．A recycling center.D．A map of local recycling centers.21．Why did the nine six-graders want to design the app?A．Because their teachers asked them to do so.B．Because they saw the need for more recycling in their community.C．Because they wanted to get successful.D．Because they wanted to get the money from the school.22．What did the people think of their app?A．They thought it was expensive.B．They thought it was difficult to use.C．They didn’t like it.D．They liked it and downloaded it to use.23．What is the best title of the passage?A．Students’ App Can Help Recycling B．Students’App Won a PrizeC．School Professional App Training D．A Recycling Bin App for School（2022·福建三明·二模）A new rubbish sorting system has been put into use in Beijing. Local people not only sort their rubbish, but also put QR codes（二维码）on it.“When the rubbish is collected and the codes are seen, I will get reward points to exchange for small gifts and even some money,” a local people said. “It’s really creative and encouraging.”This smart system has been carried out in 350 communities in Beijing. The capital of China has joined a list of cities in the country that take action to support rubbish sorting. For example, Shenzhen and Shanghai have made laws to punish for not sorting rubbish correctly.China produces quite a lot of rubbish every year. Much of the rubbish is buried（填埋）in soil or burned without being sorted. Landfills（填埋场）take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby. And burning rubbish can produce harmful gases. Through rubbish sorting, we can reduce the use of landfills and air pollution.What’s more, rubbish soiling saves resources, which could bring economic benefits（利益）. For example, a ton of waste paper can be reused to make about 850kg of paper, saving 17 trees and 50 percent of water. Because of their benefits, some countries have developed successful sorting systems.In Australia, every family is provided with three rubbish bins—the red lid（盖子）bin for “general waste” like food and plastic bags, the yellow lid bin for “recycling” like steel and glass, and the green lid bin for “green waste” such as grass and leaves. On the streets, the bins are printed with pictures of the things that are allowed inside. It makes recycling quite easy.24．When using the new rubbish system in Beijing, people will use ________.A．B．C．D．25．What are the consequences （后果）of burying rubbish?①Polluting soil.①Polluting water.①Saving resources.①Taking up a lot of land.①Producing terrible air.A．①①①B．①①①C．①①①D．①①①26．Which paragraph discusses the economic benefits of rubbish sorting?A．Paragraph 3.B．Paragraph 4.C．Paragraph 5.D．Paragraph 6.27．In Australia, which bin should you put food left after dinner in?A．The red lid bin.B．The yellow lid bin.C．The green lid bin.D．The black lid bin.28．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?A．Shenzhen still hasn’t joined to take action to sort rubbish.B．Burying rubbish takes up lots of land and produces pollution.C．Rubbish sorting could bring few economic benefits.D．Australia hasn’t made laws to punish not sorting rubbish correctly.（2022·山东济南·二模）Shanghai introduced a new garbage-sorting policy (垃圾分类政策) on July 1, 2019. People there need to put different kinds of garbage into different bins. Other cities in China will do the same soon.Garbage sorting is a big problem because there is too much garbage these days. It is bad for our environment. In fact, we can make use of some garbage again. But first, we need to sort it.For example, if you put an old battery (电池) into the “harmful waste” bin, people can use it to make new batteries. But if you don’t, the battery will end up somewhere else. Then, it will pollute the environment.Garbage sorting and recycling around the worldGermany: There are big machines in supermarkets. You can put bottles in the machines and get money back. Japan: A truck playing music comes to people’s doors to pick up their garbage. There are eight or more kinds of garbage. If you sort any of them wrong, you will get a notice on your door.Indonesia: People can take buses for free if they give plastic bottles to bus stations. An hour-long bus ride costs three large bottles.Four kinds of garbage in ShanghaiRecyclable garbage includes paper, books, plastic items, and glass bottles. Harmful garbage includes lamps, batteries, and other things with harmful chemicals. Wet garbage usually comes from the kitchen, such as food and vegetables. Dry garbage is anything you cannot put into the other three bins such as pens and towels.29．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A．Many countries take Shanghai’s garbage-sorting policy.B．Many other cities in China have garbage-sorting policies.C．Shanghai is the first city in China to make a garbage-sorting policy.D．China is the first country in the world to make a garbage-sorting policy.30．The writer gives the “battery” example to tell us ________.A．the importance of garbage sorting B．how to sort our garbageC．what harmful waste is D．the difficulty of garbage sorting31．If you ________, you can take a free bus ride in Indonesia.A．put bottles in a machine B．put garbage into different binsC．get a notice on the door D．take plastic bottles to the station32．Which bin should “newspapers” go to?A．B．C．D．33．Which is the best title for the passage?A．Sort Garbage, Save the Earth B．Less Garbage, Cleaner EnvironmentC．Clean Shanghai, Beautiful China D．Different Countries, Different Policies （2022·云南红河·一模）When you go on the street, in the neighborhood and almost everywhere, you can always see four bins of different colors. It’s what China is carrying out (实施) — waste sorting (分类).At present, waste in our life can mainly be divided into four kinds: recyclable waste, kitchen waste, harmful waste and other waste. Different kinds of waste should be put into different bins. Recyclable waste must be thrown into the blue bin. Kitchen waste should be collected in the green bin. Harmful waste should be in the red one and the grey one is for other waste.Do you know what recyclable waste means? It’s the material that can be recycled or reused, including paper, plastics, glass, metals and so on. The kitchen waste includes vegetable leaves, peel, bone and others. Harmful waste is bad for people’s health and the environment. It needs to be carefully dealt with. Some may be buried and some may be burned.There are many advantages of waste sorting. It helps to turn the waste into useful things. Chinese people, old and young, are learning environmental protection. Students in schools often take part in environmental projects. Actually, it’s not difficult for us to do this simple thing but our actions can make a great difference to the city. So take action now. Each of us should play a part in saving the environment.34．There are mainly ________ kinds of waste in our life.A．3B．4C．5D．635．V egetable leaves should be put into the ________ bin.A．red B．blue C．green D．grey36．Which of the following doesn’t belong to recyclable waste?A．Paper.B．Glass.C．Metal.D．Peel.37．You can read the passage in ________.A．a science book B．a story book C．a guide book D．a travel diary38．What’s the best title of the passage?A．Waste Sorting B．Different Kinds of WasteC．Recyclable Materials D．Ways to Save the Environment（2022·浙江绍兴·一模）Rubbish classification(分类)has swept China and become a new fashion nowadays. Different cities are carrying out different ways to improve the living environment. What has been done in Ningbo? Let’s go and have a look.39．If anyone in Ningbo doesn’t put rubbish into trash bins properly, he may be fined up to ________. A．￥200B．￥500C．￥2,000D．￥5,00040．It can be learnt from the passage that Dabashou Recycle ________.A．is a big recycling company in NingboB．was put into use in Ningbo in February, 2019C．offers people gifts if they classify waste correctlyD．teaches students how to put waste into the right trash bin41．The text mainly shows Ningbo’s efforts in ________.A．using new technology B．cutting down food wasteC．improving the environment D．developing science education（2022·安徽·一模）Shanghai is the first city to carry out strict regulations (规章) on garbage sorting and recycling on July 1, 2019. Shanghai requires its residents (居民) to sort garbage into four categories (类别), namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. If people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan.Since the regulation took effect, the amount of total daily waste in Shanghai has been reduced by an average of 15, 500 tons, dropping 26 percent from the end of 2018, while the average daily weight of recyclables hits 4, 500 tons, five times higher than the end of 2018, according to the Shanghai Landscaping and City Appearance Administrative Bureau.The city also rebuilt 21, 000 waste-sorting stations and more than 40, 000 waste bins have been dated (更新). The city’s waste collection and transportation system is complete, according to the bureau.“Proper waste sorting protects the environment and saves natural resources,” said Deng Jianping, director of the bureau. “Led by the central government, Shanghai is making efforts to develop long-term solutions to garbage management.”However, there have also been some problems. Some people complained that it is difficult to deal with wet garbage, as they are asked to remove wet garbage from its bag when dumping (倾倒).According to the sorting rules, the wet garbage must go in the wet waste bin and the bag must go in the dry waste bin. This separation is necessary, as it ensures that the wet garbage will decompose (分解) properly and become useful organic (有机的) waste, the bureau said.Plastic bags can affect this process. Some people in Shanghai are instead using paper bags that can biodegrade (生物降解) or plastic containers that can be washed and reused, according to Xinhua.42．What should one people must do if he/she fails to sort their garbage properly?A．Pay for two hundred yuan.B．Study the regulations.C．Work for the residents.D．Nothing to do.43．How many waste-sorting stations are rebuilt in Shanghai?A．15, 500B．40, 000C．61, 000D．21, 00044．What can we know from this article?A．What Shanghai do for their residents.B．The reason of the garbage-sorting regulation and some achievements.C．How Shanghai sorts their garbage.D．How to protect our environment.参考答案：1．B2．D3．B4．A5．C【分析】文章介绍了回收垃圾、重复利用的好处，都有利于环境的保护，对于我们以及我们的子孙后代都是非常有利的，并呼吁建立完善的回收机制，让资源得以保证，让环境得到净化。

垃圾分类阅读答案[篇一：垃圾分类30题<判断题>]1、报纸、传单、杂志、旧书、纸板箱属于可回收物〔对〕2、铁、铜、铝等金属制品属于可回收物〔对〕3、玻璃瓶罐、平板玻璃属于可回收物〔对〕4、泡沫塑料、塑料瓶属于可回收物〔对〕5、橡胶制品属于可回收物〔对〕6、牛奶盒等利乐包装属于可回收物〔对〕7、可乐罐、塑料饮料瓶、啤酒瓶属于可回收物〔对〕8、蓄电池、钮扣电池属于有害垃圾〔对〕9、废旧灯管灯泡属于有害垃圾〔对〕10、过期药品属于有害垃圾〔对〕11、过期化妆品属于有害垃圾〔对〕12、染发剂属于有害垃圾〔对〕13、杀虫剂容器属于有害垃圾〔对〕14、废弃水银温度计属于有害垃圾〔对〕15、废旧小家电属于有害垃圾〔对〕16、废打印机墨盒、硒鼓属于有害垃圾〔对〕17、剩菜剩饭属于厨房垃圾〔对〕18、西餐糕点剩余属于厨房垃圾〔对〕19、菜梗菜叶属于厨房垃圾〔对〕20、骨骼内脏属于厨房垃圾〔对〕21、茶叶渣属于厨房垃圾〔对〕22、果壳瓜皮属于厨房垃圾〔对〕23、盆景植物的残枝落叶属于厨房垃圾〔对〕24、废弃食用油属于厨房垃圾〔对〕25、餐巾纸、卫生纸、纸杯、照片、复写纸、收据、明信片、相册、尿片属于其它垃圾〔对〕26、废旧衣被属于其它垃圾〔对〕27、破旧陶瓷品属于其它垃圾〔对〕28、妇女卫生用品属于其它垃圾〔对〕29、一次性餐具属于其它垃圾〔对〕30、烟头、灰土属于其它垃圾〔对〕[篇二：垃圾分类试题]>一、判断题1. 可回收的垃圾主要包括废纸、塑料、玻璃、金属和布料五大类,但是纸巾和厕所纸由于水溶性太强不可回收.〔对〕2. 废旧衣物包括:衣服、床单、棉被、鞋、毛巾、毛绒玩具等.〔对〕3. 充电电池能使一平方米的土地永远失去利用价值,废旧电池是有害垃圾,它的回收方式是放在可回收的垃圾一起.〔错〕4. 生活垃圾堆肥技术的缺点是不能处理不可腐烂的有机物和无机物.〔对〕5. 湿垃圾是容器标识颜色为黑色.〔错〕6. 废温度计属于有害垃圾.〔对〕7. 混杂、污染、难分类的塑料类、玻璃类、纸类等生活垃圾属于可回收物.〔错〕8. 酸奶盒子属于可回收物.对〕9. 可回收物,包括生活垃圾中未污染的适宜回收和资源利用的垃圾,如纸类、塑料、玻璃和金属等.〔对〕10. 废旧的被子、床单属于可回收物.〔对〕二、单项选择1. 中国政府坚定不移地贯彻执行环境保护这项〔a〕.a、基本国策b、政策c、方法d、工作2.一氧化碳是一种可以使人致死的有毒气体.汽车在〔c〕状态下排放的一氧化碳量较多.a、高速行驶b、加速行驶c、开着发动机停车等候d、缓慢行驶3.我国城市每年的可回收垃圾价值在〔c〕亿元左右.a、100b、200c、300d、4004."低碳"是指〔b〕.a、减少碳水化合物b、减少二氧化碳排放c、减少一氧化碳排放d、减少碳金属5."低碳行动"宗旨〔a〕.a、鼓励公众从身边小事做起,调整生活方式,为减少温室气体排放出力b、减少白色垃圾,少用一次性物品c、护林种树,绿化环境d、呼吁政府采取措施减低温室气体排放量6. 我国政府提出的〔a〕政策是"低碳"概念的核心内容.a、节能减排b、环境保护c、出口退税d、计划生育7. 为保护环境,我们在出门时,应该〔c〕.a、尽量选择乘坐舒适的交通工具b、使用私人车c、尽量选择乘坐公共交通工具d、不能拼车8.以下〔b〕购物方式是最有利于环保的.a、用商家提供的塑料袋b、带布袋子或竹筐c、带塑料袋d、纸袋9. 以下〔c〕洗涤用品对环境的破坏最小.a、洗衣粉b、洁厕灵c、肥皂d、洗碗液10.白色污染是指〔b〕.a、所有白颜色的垃圾造成的污染b、塑料废弃物造成的污染c、一种白色化学气体造成的污染d、白颜色塑料废弃物造成的污染11.选无磷洗衣粉〔b〕.a、保护衣物b、防止污染c、保护双手d、价格便宜12. 旅游中,下面哪种行为是不提倡的〔c〕.a、爱护花草树木,不随意采摘,不惊扰动物b、不随意食用野生动物和采食野果、野菜、野蘑、野菌c、购买受保护和濒危的动植物当纪念品d、尽量选择火车等公共交通工具13.废旧电池是有害垃圾,它的回收方式是〔c〕.a、放在其他垃圾一起b、放在可回收垃圾一起c、放在有害垃圾一起d、放在厨余果皮一起14.为表达祝福,下面〔c〕方式更符合环保.a、寄贺卡b、买精美包装的高档礼品c、发e—maild、寄明信片15.废弃的卫生纸属于〔b〕.a、可回收物b、干垃圾c、有害垃圾d、湿垃圾三、多项选择1.我国环境保护的基本原则〔abcd〕.a、经济建设与环境保护相协调b、预防为主,防治结合c、谁开发谁保护,谁污染谁治理d、依靠群众保护环境2. 下列〔ad〕生活行为不利于环保.a、使用一次性餐具b、用布袋子购物c、用消毒筷子就餐d、电器不用时保持待机状态3.下列〔ab〕物质在自然界中很难降解.a、玻璃瓶b、塑料袋c、废纸d、果皮4. 现在在生活垃圾分类减量试点居住区域,按日产日清可分〔bd〕.a、有害垃圾b、湿垃圾c、可回收垃圾d、干垃圾5. 以下〔ab〕是正确的环保节能习惯.a、用电子代替纸质信函b、纸张双面打印,复印c、使用塑料袋用品d、用含苯的胶水,修正液[篇三：垃圾分类知识竞赛<有答案>]科室名称：〔1〕广州市生活垃圾分为______类.a 一b 二c 三d 四〔2〕广州市城市生活垃圾分为____________.a 可回收物、餐厨垃圾、有害垃圾、其余垃圾b 可回收物、不可回收物、厨余垃圾、玻璃垃圾c 可降解垃圾、可回收垃圾、有害垃圾d 有害垃圾、可回收垃圾、玻璃垃圾、其他垃圾〔3〕广州市实行垃圾分类的垃圾分类专用垃圾桶颜色分别为______.a 红、黑、绿、蓝b 红、橙、绿、蓝c 蓝、绿、红、灰d 红、橙、黑、绿〔4〕旧衣服属于______.a 可回收垃圾 b有害垃圾 c 可降解垃圾 d 其他垃圾〔5〕过期药品属于_____,需要特殊安全处理.a 其他垃圾 b有害垃圾c 不可回收垃圾 d 厨余垃圾〔6〕下列不属于可回收物的是________.a 牙刷b 牛奶盒c 布料d 衣架〔7〕平常喝茶的茶叶渣应扔进哪个垃圾桶内？a 厨余垃圾 b不可回收垃圾 c 其他垃圾d 有害垃圾〔8〕家庭盆栽废弃的树叶属于_______.a 有害垃圾b 其他垃圾c 可回收垃圾d 厨余垃圾〔9〕下列不属于其他垃圾的是_____.a 灰土b 烟头c 陶器d易拉罐〔10〕废旧荧光灯管属于_______.a 玻璃b 可回收垃圾c 有害垃圾d 不可回收垃圾〔11〕有害垃圾应投入____ 颜色的垃圾分类桶.a 红色b 蓝色c 绿色d 灰色〔12〕可回收物应投入_____ 颜色的垃圾分类桶.a 红色 b蓝色 c 绿色 d 灰色〔13〕其他垃圾应投入_____ 颜色的垃圾分类桶.a 红色b 蓝色c 绿色d 灰色〔14〕厨余垃圾应投入_____ 颜色的垃圾分类桶.a 红色b 蓝色c绿色d 灰色1〔15〕小孩用过的是尿片应投入.a 蓝色垃圾桶b 绿色垃圾桶c 灰色垃圾桶d 红色垃圾桶〔16〕抽完烟的烟蒂应投入_____.a 蓝色垃圾桶b 绿色垃圾桶c 灰色垃圾桶d 红色垃圾桶〔17〕____垃圾,可进行降解堆肥处理.a 可回收物b 其他垃圾c 有害垃圾d 厨余垃圾〔18〕____,可进行资源再利用.a 可回收物b 其他垃圾c 有害垃圾d 厨余垃圾〔19〕下列不应投放到红色垃圾桶的是______.a 废油漆b 废矿物油c 消毒剂与其包装物d牙膏皮〔20〕下面属于其他垃圾的是______.a 杀虫剂b 用过的湿纸巾c 贝壳d 可乐罐〔21〕过期食品属于_____.a 可回收物b 其他垃圾c 有害垃圾d 厨余垃圾〔22〕过期化妆品属于____.a 可回收物b 其他垃圾c 有害垃圾d 厨余垃圾〔23〕有机玻璃制品属于_____.a 可回收物b 其他垃圾c 有害垃圾d 厨余垃圾〔24〕用过的卫生纸属于_____.a 可回收物b 其他垃圾c 有害垃圾d 厨余垃圾〔25〕下面应投放入红色垃圾桶的是_______.a 纸尿裤b 床单c 废手机d 过塑膜〔26〕下面不属于可回收物的是______.a 旧报纸b 金属c 塑料d 烟蒂〔27〕下面不属于厨余垃圾的是______.a 贝壳b 骨头c 蔬菜d 塑料文具〔28〕旧衣服是属于_____.a 可回收物b 其他垃圾c 有害垃圾d 厨余垃圾〔29〕下面属于可回收物的是_______.a玻璃啤酒瓶b 海绵 c 衣服 d 袜子〔30〕杂志是属于______.a 厨余垃圾b 其他垃圾c 有害垃圾d 可回收物〔31〕下面应放入绿色垃圾桶的是______.a 榴莲壳b 帽子c 床罩d 塑料文具〔32〕废手机充电电池属于a 厨余垃圾b 其他垃圾c 有害垃圾d可回收物2二、判断题〔1〕被油污污染了的旧报纸是否是可回收物〔否〕〔2〕废荧光灯管是否是有害垃圾〔是〕〔3〕海棉是否是可回收物〔否〕〔4〕旧鞋子属于可回收物< 否 >〔5〕螃蟹壳、贝壳是否属于其他垃圾〔否〕〔6〕旧衣物属于其他垃圾< 是 >〔7〕家庭用的沐浴露和洗发水的塑料瓶是属于可回收物〔是〕〔8〕油漆桶是否属于可回收物〔否〕〔9〕家庭盆栽废弃的树枝〔叶〕属于其他垃圾〔否〕〔10〕废手机电池属于有害垃圾 < 是 >〔11〕废旧的球类属于其他垃圾〔是〕〔12〕纸尿裤属于可回收物〔否〕〔13〕家庭日常生活中打碎的陶瓷碗碟属于可回收物〔否〕〔14〕废旧的收音机和手电筒属于有害垃圾〔是〕〔15〕报纸、纸皮属于可回收物〔是〕〔16〕瓜果皮核、菜根菜头属于其他垃圾〔否〕〔17〕涂有油漆的废玻璃和金属属于可回收物〔否〕〔18〕家庭的过期药品属于有害垃圾< 是 >〔19〕鸡、鸭、鱼等动物废弃内脏属于其他垃圾〔否〕〔20〕牛奶盒以与饮料盒也叫利乐包,利乐包属于可回收物〔是〕〔21〕家庭废旧的地毯、踏垫属于可回收物〔否〕〔22〕家庭的枯萎的水培植物和鲜花属于其他垃圾〔否〕〔23〕消毒剂与其包装物属于有害垃圾〔是〕〔24〕废旧的被子、床单属于可回收物〔否〕〔25〕废化妆品与其包装物属于其他垃圾〔否〕311 / 11。

阅读选文，完成下列小题。

垃圾，还是放错地方的“宝贝”？（一）①可回收垃圾原本都是“宝贝”，但如果不加分类地随意填埋在土里，很多都比你“活”得长：尼龙编制的袋子或衣物自然降解需要30-40年时间，易拉罐需要80-100年；至于一些装化妆品的玻璃瓶和啤酒瓶则需要4000年，那时你的子孙都不知过了多少代了。

它们被埋在土里占地儿不说，还会对环境造成一定污染。

②在中国城市生活垃圾中，平均有40%都是在厨房里产生的。

家庭主妇和煮夫们每天都得跟发育不良或喷满农药的菜叶、果皮、蛋壳、骨头、果皮、果壳、啃过的玉米棒子等“厨房垃圾”打交道。

值得注意的是，“厨房垃圾”并不等同于“厨余垃圾”，上述垃圾中就混入了好几样容易被混淆的“内鬼”。

（二）③在厨房，骨头需要分为鸡骨头、鱼骨头、猪肋骨和大棒骨（包括“羊蝎子”），前两类是可以堆肥的厨余垃圾，而猪肋骨和大棒骨除了骨髓的主要成分是脂肪、胆固醇和其他有机物，剩下的就是没有营养价值的碳酸钙了，在填埋场，细菌也“啃”不动这些大块的骨头，根本无法进行堆肥。

还记得非洲大草原动物上大型动物的尸骨吧，那可是历经风雨依然坚不可摧的见证。

和大棒骨一样难以被腐蚀的玉米核、坚果壳和粗大的鸡骨头等应该归为其他垃圾。

另外，咖啡渣、茶叶渣（袋泡茶叶除外）、树叶（不能带树枝）也都属于厨余垃圾。

当我们将厨余垃圾正确地分离出来，就可以通过堆肥的方式变废为宝。

堆肥法是将垃圾堆积在地面或置于某种发酵装置中，利用微生物将垃圾中易降解有机物逐步降解，最终形成稳定的腐殖质，经过一段时间的处理就能成为很好的有机肥料。

如果把之前介绍的玻璃、塑料、金属等杂质放“错”到厨余垃圾里，会使肥料的质量降低，甚至形成重金属污染。

④有趣的是，有些口红和唇膏，基料是油脂和蜡，为了防止酸败发臭往往添加了抗氧化剂，所以受到微生物的亲睐，是上好的堆肥材料，当然，堆肥前口红的金属管外壳就得拆下来扔进可回收垃圾桶了。

还有脱落的头发也不能用作堆肥，它们热值很低，难以回收，只能激发艺术家的灵感，收集制作成模型工艺品，那就是另外一种回收利用了。

阅读下面材料，完成12-14题。

(7分)【知识贴士】垃圾分类一般是指按一定规定或标准将垃圾分类储存、分类投放和分类搬运，从而转变成公共资源的一系列活动的总称。

进行垃圾分类可以减少垃圾处理量，降低处理成本，减少土地资源的消耗，提高垃圾的资源价值和经济价值，力争物尽其用，具有社会、经济、生态三方面的效益。

从国外各城市对生活垃圾分类的方法来看，大致都是根据垃圾的成分构成、产生量,结合本地垃圾的资源利用和处理方式来进行分类。

如德国一-般分为纸、玻璃、金属和塑料等;澳大利亚一般分为可堆肥垃圾、可回收垃圾、不可回收垃圾;日本一般分为塑料瓶类、可回收塑料、其他塑料、资源垃圾、大型垃圾、可燃垃圾、不可燃垃圾、有害垃圾等。

目前我国生活垃圾一般可分为四大类:可回收垃圾、厨余垃圾、有害垃圾和其它垃圾。

【实地调查】2019年4月15日至12月15日幸福小区居民参与垃圾分类统计【记者走访】10月26日下午，位于康乐桥附近的一个分类垃圾箱边，路过的一个女孩随手就将手中的矿泉水瓶扔进了“不可回收”垃圾桶内。

当记者询问其是否了解垃圾分类时，女孩表示不知道，垃圾直接往垃圾箱里扔进去就是了。

记者又陆续采访了一些行人，发现几乎所有受访对象都肯定了分类垃圾箱存在的意义。

对于垃圾分类，都认为这是一件有益于环保的好事。

“垃圾分类确实有利于环境保护，这是造福子孙后代的大事。

”说起垃圾分类的好处，市民刘女士说，“设置分类垃圾箱的目的是节约资源，将可以回收利用的垃圾合理利用起来，作为这个城市的一份子，做好垃圾分类，这是每个人的举手之劳，也是应有的社会责任。

”随后，记者在10多分钟内发现有不少市民已自觉地将手中的垃圾分类放置到对应的垃圾桶里，但也有七八位市民都没有细看回收提示，随手就扔垃圾。

接着记者通过街头调查，询问多位市民是否清楚垃圾分类投放，很多人的回答是“清楚”。

但也有一部分市民表示“不清楚”，同时，他们还认为，设置分类垃圾箱的意义不大，就是一种形式而已。

部编版六年级语文下册7 非连续性文本阅读专项突破卷班级___________ 姓名___________ 时间：40分钟一、阅读生活垃圾分类材料，完成练习。

【材料一】垃圾分类的意义1．减少占地。

生活垃圾中有些物质不易降解，使土地受到严重侵蚀。

垃圾分类，去掉可以回收的、不易降解的物质，减少垃圾数量达60%以上。

2．减少污染。

目前我国的垃圾处理多采用卫生填埋甚至简易填埋的方式，占用上万亩土地；并且虫蝇乱飞，污水四溢，臭气熏天，严重污染环境。

土壤中的废塑料会导致农作物减产；抛弃的废塑料被动物误食，导致动物死亡的事故时有发生。

因此，回收利用垃圾还可以减少危害。

3．变废为宝。

中国每年使用塑料快餐盒达40亿个，方便面碗5亿～7亿个，一次性筷子数十亿双，这些占生活垃圾的8%～15%。

1吨废塑料可回炼600千克的柴油。

回收1500吨废纸，可免于砍伐用于生产1200吨纸的林木。

在垃圾成分中，金属、纸类、塑料、玻璃被视为可直接回收利用的资源，占垃圾总量的42.9%，可直接回收利用率应不低于33%。

【材料二】生活垃圾分类及投放图一图二【材料三】为了解辖区居民对生活垃圾分类投放的知晓情况，某居委会从不同人群中各选了100人进行问卷调查，调查结果如下表：1.生活垃圾可分为________、________、__________、_________四类。

2．下列垃圾投放错误的一项是()。

A．可乐瓶——可回收物B．橘子皮——其他垃圾C．烂菜叶——厨余垃圾D．废日光灯管——有害垃圾3．下列关于生活垃圾分类的说法，错误的一项是()A．分类投放生活垃圾可以使垃圾量减少一半以上。

B．生活垃圾近三分之一可以被直接回收利用。

C．用填埋法处理生活垃圾不仅占用土地，还污染环境。

D．1500吨废纸可生产出1200吨纸。

4．请从材料三中概括出两条居民对垃圾分类知晓情况的信息。

________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 5．小红放学回家，奶奶递了一杯从外面买来的珍珠奶茶给她，她尝了一口，发觉变质了，想把它扔进垃圾桶里，她该怎么做才正确？________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________6．如果你是某居委会工作人员，为使“垃圾分类，人人知晓”，你会怎么做？________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 二、阅读“南靖土楼景区游览图”，完成练习。