ASTM D4585-07 控制冷凝法对涂层耐水性试验方法
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织物静水压抗渗水性测定实验方法一、织物静水压抗渗水性测定实验原理静水压测试是考核面料抗水性的常用方法。
选用静水压测试仪对防水面料进行抗渗水试验时发现,某些面料实际上没有出现标准所描述的试验终止现象,因此本文就实验室采用的现行测定抗渗水性标准进行探讨,从而为面料的生产工艺以及实际测试判定提供参考,并益于对现行标准的完善。
二、现状1、标准GB/T 4744—1997《纺织织物抗渗水性测定静水压试验》规定了一种测试织物抗渗水性的静水压试验方法。
主要适用于紧密织物,例如帆布、油布、帐篷布和防雨服装布等。
测试方法是在标准大气下,试样的一面承受一个持续上升的水压,直到有三处渗水为止记录此时的压力。
此标准的测试原理是以织物承受的静水压来表示水透过织物所遇到的阻力,水压可以从试样的正面或背面施加[2]。
2、试验仪器静水压测试仪;仪器的压力范围:0~999mbar;水压上升的速率:(10±0.5)cmH2O/min,以及60±0.5cm H2O/min。
3、遇到的问题在日常测试中,经常会遇到现行标准中未涉及的现象,使得测试结果的表示没有统一性,甚至影响对整个产品的性能评价。
①、涂层防水织物1) 平均值的记录标准中规定记录所有试验样品的平均值。
但有些样品出现如表1所示检测结果,使如何表示其平均值成为难题。
试验数据mbar(cmH2O)检测结果样品编号(灰色涤纶涂层防水机织面料)1# 5822# >9993# 6254# >9995# 5982) 对接缝部位的测试遇到防雨服装等服装产品,考核静水压应该全面到服装的每个部位,特别是接缝部位(见图2),如下摆缝、腋下缝、肩部缝等。
而目前我国的标准主要针对面料的方法标准中找不到相关检测方法的描述,给测试带来困惑,对企业生产产品的把关以及整件服装的防水质量的评价找不到依据。
3) 样品出现单处渗透某些产品由于涂层工艺的欠缺造成局部细小破损,在测试过程中常常会发现在某处水珠不断渗出,蔓延至整个边圈,但是仍未出现第2处﹑第3处,对于这个样品的测试结果如何记录成为难题。
漆膜耐水性测定法1 范围本标准适用于油漆涂层(底漆、中涂漆、色漆、清漆及相关产品的单一涂层或多图层体系即复合涂层)耐水性的测定,测定的是涂膜在达到规定的试验时间后表面的变化情况,以漆膜表面变化(失光、变色、起泡、溶胀、变脆、软化、起皱、脱落、生锈等)现象和恢复时间表示其耐水性能。
2 术语2.1漆膜失光:漆膜的颜色因气候环境的影响而降低的现象。
2.2漆膜变色:漆膜的颜色因受气候环境的影响而逐渐变浅或发生变化的现象。
2.3漆膜起泡:涂层因局部失去附着力而离开基体(底材或其他涂层)鼓起,使漆膜呈现圆形的凸出变形。
泡内可焊液体、蒸汽、其他气体或结晶物。
2.4漆膜溶胀:漆膜经受液体浸泡后,由于液体渗入整个漆膜,而使其发生增厚、变软的现象。
2.5漆膜软化:漆膜经受液体浸泡后,由于溶胀而硬度明显变低的现象。
2.6漆膜脱落:一道或多道涂层脱离其下涂层,或者涂层完全脱离底材的现象。
2.7漆膜生锈:漆膜下面的钢铁表面局部或整体产生红色或黄色的氧化铁层的现象,它常伴随有漆膜的气泡、开裂、片落等变态。
2.8漆膜起皱:漆膜呈现多少有规律的或无规律的小波幅波纹形式的皱纹,它可深及部分或全部膜厚。
2.9漆膜变脆:漆膜进行加速破坏性试验,其漆膜柔韧性变坏的现象。
2.10破坏现象:漆膜在试验过程中其漆膜表面呈现的各种变坏的现象。
例如:漆膜气泡、失光、变色、溶胀、起皱、生锈等现象。
3 试验设备和仪器3.1试验设备:与试验用水接触的所有部分均应由惰性材料或不生锈材料制成。
注:通常情况下,漆膜耐水性能试验常用设备室恒温水浴锅。
3.1.1水槽:应有适宜的大小(合适的尺寸为700mm*400mm*400mm),配有盖子和恒温加热系统。
同时利用水的充分搅拌时槽中各点水的流速和水文基本一致,并能保持一定的页面高度为宜。
3.2设备仪器:3.2.1电导率仪:测量范围为0μs/cm~105μs/cm;基本误差不大于1.5%。
3.2.2光泽仪:测量范围为20°、60°。
连续冷凝法测定涂层耐湿性的探讨李欣;彭军;李潇茹【摘要】The experimental principle,apparatus and test results expressionof humidity resistance test of coating using continuous condensation in different standards were compared,the continuous condensation heat and humidity tester which we designed and assembled was introduced,and the example results for continuous condensation test was provided,to provide the reference for the practice.%比较了不同标准中测定涂层湿热性的试验原理、仪器设备和结果评定,介绍了我们自行设计组装的续冷凝湿热试验仪,并提供了采用此设备所进行的连续冷凝试验实例,以供实际参考。
【期刊名称】《合成材料老化与应用》【年(卷),期】2016(045)002【总页数】5页(P87-90,98)【关键词】连续冷凝;耐湿性;涂层;试验方法【作者】李欣;彭军;李潇茹【作者单位】广州合成材料研究院有限公司,广东广州510665;广州合成材料研究院有限公司,广东广州510665;广州合成材料研究院有限公司,广东广州510665【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TQ63水分和湿度是涂料产生老化缺陷和影响其使用寿命的重要环境因素,在潮湿的环境下高分子涂膜会发生水降解反应,从而导致涂层出现起泡、剥落、开裂、变色等不同程度的破坏以及底材的腐蚀和损坏[1]。
因此,了解涂层在潮湿环境下的抵抗能力和漆膜耐湿性对研究涂料的抗老化性能和预测涂料使用寿命具有重大实际意义。
合物水泥防水涂料检测标准及步骤方法提要:聚合物水泥防水涂料检测的实验室标准试验条件为:温度(23±2)°C,相对湿度45%~70%。
检测前样品及所用器具均应在标准条件下放置至少24h。
聚合物水泥防水涂料检测的实验室标准试验条件为:温度(23±2)C,相对湿度45%~70%。
检测前样品及所用器具均应在标准条件下放置至少24h。
首先进行外观检查,即用玻璃棒将液体组分和固体组分分别搅拌后目测。
液体组分应为无杂质、无凝胶的均匀乳液;固体组分应为无杂质、无结块的粉末。
一、固体含量的测定将聚合物水泥涂料的试样按照生产厂指定的比例混合均匀后,按照GB/T16777-1997第四章A法的规定进行测定。
具体测定方法如下。
1、将直径75~80mm、边高8~10mm的培养皿放在干燥箱内于(105±2)°C下干燥30min,取出放入内放有变色硅胶或无水氯化钙的干燥器中,冷却至室温后称量。
2、将聚合物水泥防水涂料样品搅拌均匀后称取约2g的试样(足以保证最后度样的干固量)置于已称量的培养皿中,并使试样均匀地流布于培养皿的底部。
然后放入干燥箱内在(105±2)°C的温度下干燥1h后取出,放入干燥器中冷却至室温后称量。
然后再将培养皿放入干燥箱内,干燥30min后,再放入干燥器中冷却至室温后称量。
重复上述操作,直至前后两次称量差不大于O.Olg为止(全部称量精确至O.Olg)。
3、试验结果计算(1)固体含量按式(5-1)计算:X=(m2-m)/(m1-m)X100(5-1)式中X—固体含量,%;m—培养皿质量,g;m1―干燥前试样和培养皿质量,g;m2--干燥后试样和培养皿质量,go(2)挥发物和不挥发物按式(5-2)和式(5-3)计算:V=(m3-m4)/m3X100(5-2)VN=m4/m3X100(5-3)式中V--挥发物含量,%;VN—不挥发物含量,%;m3—干燥前试样质量,g;m4--干燥后试样质量,go4、结果评定及试验报告填写内容如下。
涂层耐剥落的试验方法1.范围1.1 这个测试方法涵盖了石头或其余飞翔物体对涂层耐剥落破坏的测定。
说明 1----这个测试方法与SAE J-400近似。
1.2 公制单位值被以为是标准。
括号内所给英制单位仅供参照。
全部未注尺寸都是公称尺寸。
1.3 这个标准其实不旨在解决全部的安全问题,假如有的话 ,与其使用相关。
此标准的用户有责任成立适合的安全与健康操作并在使用前确立看管限制的合用性。
2.参照文件2.1 ASTM标准 :D609 对冷轧钢板准备的用于测试油漆、清漆、转变膜和有关涂料产品的实践 2D823 生产平均厚度的油漆,清漆和用于测试板的有关产品的薄膜的实践 2D 1005 千分尺有机涂层的干膜厚度丈量的测试方法2D1186 用于铁基的非磁性涂层的干膜厚度非破坏性丈量的测试方法2D1400 用于有色金属基体的绝缘涂层的干膜厚度非破坏性丈量的测试方法 2D1733 用于测试油漆、清漆、亮漆和有关产品的铝合金板的制备方法3D2201 用于测试油漆和有关产品的镀锌的和镀锌合金的钢板的制备实践 22.2 其余文件 :表面涂层的耐剥落测试(J-400)43.测试方法总结3.1 标准化道路碎石经过在涂层标本上用一个控制鼓风进行设计。
所有的测试在控制温度的条件下进行 , 往常在环境温度 (室内 )或在 -29 °C±3C(°-20 ±°5F)°的状况下进行。
砾石冲击后 ,用胶带除去松懈的涂层剥落物,从而决定剥落的程度。
4.意义和用途4.1业主主要考虑汽车表面的主要面和主要边沿的碎涂层的剥落 ,是不行接受的。
在拟订涂料或涂层系统以知足服务需求时,飞翔物造成的耐剥落,如碎石就是此中一个重要的属性,因为它会因为其余属性的调整而相差很大。
既然耐剥落在低温下降落一部分是灵巧性降落的结果,那么测试应在一个较低的温度下进行,这样的话测试会更直接和操作条件有关。
这个测试方法的目的是经过在涂层面板上的媒介产生一个控制的冲击量来提升再现性。
《环境标志产品技术要求 防水涂料》编制说明一、 制定本标准的必要性建筑防水涂料系由合成高分子材料、沥青、聚合物改性沥青、无机材料等为主体,掺入适量的助剂、改性材料、填充材料等加工制成的溶剂型、水溶型、水乳型或粉末型的防水材料。
即可在常温条件下形成一个连续无缝整体且具有一定厚度的涂膜防水层,从而能满足工业与民用建筑的屋面、地下室、卫生间和外墙等部位防水抗渗要求。
与防水卷材相比,防水涂料施工简单方便,适用于任何形状的基面,并可形成致密无缝的涂膜,因此,防水涂料已广泛应用于各种防水工程中,并取得了迅速的发展。
目前美、英、日、法、德等工业发达国家的防水涂料在建筑防水材料中都占有相当的份额。
发达国家在积极发展合成高分子防水涂料和高聚物改性沥青防水涂料的同时,正积极开发水性和无机防水涂料等品种,向着“环保型”防水涂料的方向发展。
防水涂料一般是由沥青、合成高分子聚合物、合成高分子聚合物与沥青、合成高分子与水泥或以无机复合材料等为主要成膜物质,掺入适量的颜料、助剂、溶剂等加工制成的溶剂型、水乳型或反应型的,在常温下无固定形状的黏稠状液态或可液化的固体粉末状态的含高分子合成材料的复合材料。
防水涂料主要有双组分聚合物水泥防水涂料、丙烯酸单组分防水涂料、聚氨酯防水涂料、改性环氧防水涂料、聚脲防水涂料。
我国防水涂料的研制和应用始于60年代,早期曾以各种化工下脚料为原料研制产品,如苯乙烯焦油防水涂料、“6511”轻屋盖防水涂料、乳化沥青防水涂料等,均因质量性能不稳定而停止发展。
60年代中期出现了氯丁橡胶沥青防水涂料。
70年代初期出现了再生橡胶沥青防水涂料,并在工程上获得较成功的应用。
1977年出现了水乳型再生胶沥青防水涂料,1978年起在工程上应用,成为国内使用量较大的一种防水涂料。
随着我国合成高分子材料工业的稳定发展,以各种优质合成橡胶和合成树脂为原料研制的防水涂料,在80年代相继投入使用:如双组分聚氨酯防水涂料、丙烯酸酯类的浅色防水涂料、阳离子氯丁胶乳沥青防水涂料和硅橡胶防水涂料等,使我国防水涂料发展进入了一个新的时期。
胶乳耐水、粘结性能测试方法一、耐吸水、耐水煮性能1.制取薄膜同强力性能膜片制取方法。
2.裁剪膜片选取膜片无气泡、空洞、透明部分,裁切成3cm×3cm 8片(平行试样)以上边缘平整切片。
在每个切片上用圆珠笔作好膜片种类标记。
3.测试方法耐水性:将其中4片试样称重m1后,置于25℃装水烧杯内,要求水面没过试样,记录开始测试时间。
7天后取出试样,用滤纸擦干试样表面水分,称重。
耐水煮性:烧杯装水放在水浴锅内,升温至80℃并保持水浴恒温。
将另外4片切片试样称重后,置于80℃烧杯内。
要求水面没过试样,记录开始测试时间。
5h后取出试样,用滤纸擦干试样表面水分,称重m2。
4.计算公式耐水增重:M%=(m2-m1)*100/m1式中:M—试样耐水增重百分数;5.计算方法取4片试样增重平均值为该胶乳薄膜耐水性、耐水煮性数据。
二、粘结性能1.制片方法1.1 地毯胶配方注:提起时,切刀上涂料呈切片状滑下。
一般情况下,为确保配方可比性,如果涂料粘度无明显变化,不建议调整加水量。
1.2制取涂料在装有搅拌装置的250ml烧杯内倒入85g水,开启搅拌,加入胶乳,边搅拌边加入滑石粉,加快搅拌转速,使涂料充分搅匀发泡。
搅拌5min后,开始逐块加入CMC浆,加入时注意调整转速以达到搅拌充分的效果。
加完CMC浆后,继续搅拌30min以上。
1.3涂布地毯制好涂料凉置2h后,裁取地毯+丝20cm*20cm,地毯布基朝上置于电子天平上,在地毯上倒110g涂料。
取下地毯,用刮刀将涂料均匀地刮涂在地毯布基上,挂好胶后,再在胶上加盖涤棉底布。
底布放好撑展后,用刮刀沿同一方向刮几次,使底布平展贴在地毯上。
1.4 烘烤将地毯置于80℃烘箱内,烘烤4h以上直至地毯完全干燥。
1.5裁切取出烘干的地毯,沿底布丝股纹理依次裁切出4片20cm*5cm地毯样条,室温静置4h以上。
2.剥离强力测试将地毯样条一端底布与地毯基布之间撕开一条约5cm左右的小缝。
青岛森博检测服务中心
2015年5月21日
关于水性涂料问题的检测方法
首先我们来看一下存在的问题!
水性涂料存在耐水性差的问题,使涂料和槽液的稳定性差,涂膜的耐水性差。
水性涂料的介质一般都在微碱性(PH7.5~pH8.5),树脂中的酯键易水解而使分子链降解,影响涂料和槽液稳定性,及涂膜的性能。
从而引起了以下要检测的项目:
耐热性,耐碱性,耐洗刷性,锥板黏度,对比率,抗粘连性,挥发性(VOC),耐磨性,不挥发物含量,颜色测定等。
按照油漆涂料行业实施以下检测标准:
HG/T2884-1997环氧沥青防腐涂料(分装)
HG/T3371-2003氨基烘干绝缘漆
HG/T2277-1992各色硝基外用磁漆
HG/T2455-1993各色醇酸调合漆
HG/T2592-1994中Ⅰ型用于木制品硝基清漆
HG/T3383-2003硝基漆防潮剂。
防水材料性能测试标准一、引言防水材料在建筑工程中起到关键作用,它能够有效地防止水分渗透和漏水现象的发生。
为了确保防水材料在使用过程中具备稳定的性能和可靠的防水效果,我们需要依据一套科学合理的测试标准来评估和验证其性能。
本文将结合防水材料的特点和工程需求,探讨一些常见的防水材料性能测试标准。
二、耐水压试验耐水压试验是评估防水材料耐水性能的主要指标之一。
该测试模拟了防水材料在实际使用过程中可能遇到的水压力情况,用以确定其对水的抵抗能力。
测试标准可以采用ASTM D5385等相关标准。
一般情况下,防水材料在经受特定水压力下的一段时间后,不应出现渗透、漏水等现象。
三、耐热性能测试耐热性能测试主要用于评估防水材料在高温环境下的稳定性和耐久性。
一般采用加热试验仪器,按照标准温度和时间进行测试。
可以采用ASTM D2485等相关标准,将防水材料暴露在高温环境中,观察其是否发生软化、变形等现象。
四、耐寒性能测试耐寒性能测试用于评估防水材料在低温环境下的稳定性和耐久性。
该测试可以采用低温冷库或冷冻试验箱,在规定低温条件下对防水材料进行长时间的测试。
测试标准可以参考ASTM D5147等相关标准。
防水材料在低温环境下不应出现开裂、断裂等现象。
五、附着力测试附着力测试是评估防水材料与基材粘结强度的指标。
采用拉伸试验方法,将防水材料与基材粘结在一起,施加力量,以测定其附着强度。
常用的测试方法有ASTM D4541等相关标准。
防水材料与基材的附着强度应满足工程需求,确保防水材料不易脱落。
六、耐化学品性能测试耐化学品性能测试用于评估防水材料对化学品侵蚀的抵抗能力。
常见的测试方法有浸泡试验和喷洒试验等。
在一定时间内,将防水材料暴露在不同化学品的作用下,观察其表面是否发生损坏、腐蚀等现象。
测试标准可以参考ASTM C1301等相关标准。
七、防水性能测试防水性能测试是评估防水材料阻隔水分渗透能力的关键指标。
常用方法有水压试验、饱和试验等。
涂料产品耐久性能检验流程与防腐措施涂料产品耐久性能检验流程与防腐措施涂料产品的耐久性能是指其在使用过程中能够保持其功能和外观不发生明显变化的能力。
为了确保涂料产品的耐久性能,需要进行一系列的检验和测试。
下面将介绍涂料产品耐久性能检验的流程,并提出一些常用的防腐措施。
首先,涂料产品耐久性能检验可从以下几个方面入手:1. 附着力测试:涂料的附着力能够影响其使用寿命和防腐性能。
常用的附着力测试方法有划格法、拉伸法和剥离法等,通过这些方法可以评估涂层与底材之间的附着力。
2. 耐磨性测试:涂料在使用过程中会受到外力的摩擦和磨损,耐磨性是评价涂料产品耐久性的重要指标。
耐磨性测试方法有齿轮磨损法、擦拭磨损法等。
3. 耐水性测试:涂料在潮湿环境下容易受到水分的侵蚀,导致涂层发生老化和脱落。
耐水性测试可以通过浸泡法、雨淋法等进行,评估涂转涂在水分环境下的耐久性。
4. 耐腐蚀性测试:涂料的耐腐蚀性能直接影响其防腐效果。
常用的耐腐蚀性测试方法有湿热试验、盐雾试验等,通过这些方法可以模拟涂层在腐蚀性环境下的表现。
5. 耐候性测试:室外环境中的紫外线、热变形和气候变化等因素会对涂料产生一定影响。
耐候性测试可以通过人工气候箱、自然气候曝晒等方法进行,评估涂料在不同气候条件下的耐久性。
以上是涂料产品耐久性能检验的一般流程,实际操作中还需要根据不同的涂料类型和使用环境进行具体的检验项目选择和测试方法确定。
在防腐措施方面,可以采取以下几个措施:1. 选择适合的基材:选择与涂料相配套的基材,确保涂层和基材之间的附着力和相容性。
2. 打底涂料处理:使用底漆进行底层处理,提高涂层的附着力和耐久性。
3. 增加防腐剂:根据使用环境的不同,可以适量加入具有防腐作用的添加剂,提高涂料的防腐性能。
4. 增加涂层厚度:增大涂层的厚度可以提高涂层的防腐性能,但过厚的涂层也可能导致涂层开裂和表面光滑度下降。
5. 定期保养和维修:定期检查涂层的状况,及时发现问题并进行维修,延长涂料的使用寿命。
涂层耐水煮试验标准
涂层耐水煮试验的标准主要参考国家标准GB 9265-1988《建筑涂料涂层耐碱性的测定》以及QUALICOAT标准中的耐沸水性试验方法。
具体如下:国家标准GB 9265-1988:这是中国关于建筑涂料涂层耐碱性测定的标准,虽然主要针对耐碱性,但也可作为涂层耐水性检测的参考。
QUALICOAT标准:国外的涂层耐沸水性试验方法主要包括沸水常压试验(2小时、无划格、用胶带粘撕)和沸水高压试验(1小时、无划格、用胶带粘撕)。
性能要求为涂层经沸水试验后,不应有脱落及其他缺陷,允许有轻微颜色变化。
涂层水煮测试检验标准:这个标准包括目检样品油漆涂层表面,确保无刮花、划痕、脱落等异常。
将纯净水加热至并保持在80℃±2℃,然后将试验样品完全浸入热水中,水煮30分钟后取出常温下静置,检查涂层是否有脱落或其他缺陷。
ASTM等级:在塑胶喷漆生产中,测试涂层附着力通常是通过百格附着力测试方式进行,这是一种常见的标准。
综上所述,在进行涂层耐水煮试验时,应严格按照相关标准进行操作,以确保试验结果的准确性和可靠性。
同时,不同的应用领域和具体要求可能会有所不同,因此在选择标准时应考虑实际应用的需要。
ASTM D 2247100%的相对湿度下涂层耐水性的测试方法1范围(1) 本测试包括将涂层的样品置于100%的相对湿度下使样品水分凝结这种测试涂层耐水性方法的基本原理和操作步骤。
(2) 本测试仅包括测量方法,控制条件和在100%相对湿度下的操作步骤,并没有具体列出样品的制备,具体测试条件和结果的评测。
(3) 在SI单元中所列的数值为标准数值,括号中的数值仅作参考。
(4) 本标准并未提及使用过程中的所有安全事项,使用者在使用之前有责任进行安全测试以确保一些基本限制的可行性。
2参考文献ASTM标准D609 测试油漆,转换涂层和相关土层产品用的冷轧钢板的制备D610 油漆过的钢铁铁锈增加程度的测试方法D 714 油漆的起泡增加程度的测试方法D 823 测试样板上油漆,转换涂层和相关涂层产品的涂层均匀厚度的测试方法D 870 用清水浸泡法测试涂层防水性的测试方法D1193 试剂水的标准D 1654 在有腐蚀性的环境下油漆或涂装过的样品性能的检测D 1730 油漆中铝和铝合金表面的制备的测试D 1735 用水雾仪测试涂层防水性的测试方法D 2616 用灰度测试来评测可见的颜色变化的测试方法D 3359 通过粘带试验测试附着力的方法D3363 通过铅笔法测试薄膜厚度的方法D4541 通过移动式附着力测试仪测试涂层脱落强度的方法D4585 用控制冷凝测试涂层防水性的方法3测试要点把样品放入一个充满加热的饱和空气和水蒸气的混合物的密封室中,一般室内温度维持在380C(100 O F),在100%相对湿度下,样品与周围水蒸气的微小温差会使样品有水珠凝结,通过改变试验进行的时间可以调节外部的条件变化,水珠渗入到涂层中,渗入的速度由涂层本身的性能决定,应当注意颜色变化,起泡,附着力下降,软化,脆化等效应4重要性与使用(1) 水分可以另涂层降解,因此了解涂层的耐水性在预测其使用寿命时很有帮助,在100%相对湿度下涂层性能变化,可能由于涂层本身的减少,底材的沾污,表面制备不完全等多种原因造成,因此这个试验对于评测涂层或整个涂层体系也是相当有用的。
疏水测试标准疏水测试是一种广泛应用于工程、制造和质量控制领域的测试方法,用于评估物体表面的疏水性能。
疏水测试标准旨在提供一套标准化的程序,确保测试结果的可靠性和可比性。
以下是一些常见的疏水测试标准及其相关信息:1. ASTM D724 - 表面张力测定法背景与目的:ASTM D724是由美国材料和试验协会(ASTM)制定的标准,旨在通过测定表面张力来评估液体在物体表面上的疏水性能。
该测试方法可适用于液体滴在平坦、非吸收性材料上的情况。
测试步骤:准备测试样品,确保表面清洁。
使用表面张力仪测定液体的表面张力。
将液体滴在测试样品上,观察其展开和滑落的特性。
根据观察结果和表面张力值,评估疏水性能。
应用领域:ASTM D724常被用于评估防水材料、涂层和其他表面处理的疏水性能。
2. ASTM D7334 - 涂层和印刷油墨的液滴浸润法背景与目的:ASTM D7334标准是为了评估涂层和印刷油墨的液滴浸润性而设计的。
通过这一测试,可以确定液体在材料表面上的传播和浸润特性。
测试步骤:准备测试样品,确保其表面干燥和清洁。
将测试液体滴在样品表面,记录液体滴在表面的展开和浸润情况。
根据观察结果,评估涂层或印刷油墨的液滴浸润性。
应用领域:该标准主要应用于涂层、油墨和其他材料的疏水性评估,广泛用于印刷和包装行业。
3. ISO 27427 - 液体表面张力的测定背景与目的:ISO 27427是由国际标准化组织(ISO)发布的标准,用于测定液体的表面张力。
该标准提供了液体表面张力测定的一般方法,可用于疏水性能的评估。
测试步骤:使用表面张力仪测定液体的表面张力。
根据测定结果,评估液体的表面张力。
应用领域:ISO 27427标准适用于多种行业,包括化学、医疗、纺织和涂料等,用于评估不同液体的表面张力。
疏水测试标准在工业和科研领域中具有广泛的应用,能够为材料疏水性能的评估提供可靠的方法和依据。
选择适当的标准并按照标准操作程序执行测试,有助于确保测试结果的可比性和准确性。
Designation:D4585–07Standard Practice forTesting Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Condensation1This standard is issued under thefixed designation D4585;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1This practice covers basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings using controlled condensation.Condensation is produced by expos-ing one surface of a coated specimen to a heated,saturated mixture of air and water vapor,while the reverse side of the specimen is exposed to the cooling effect of room temperature air.This practice is derived from research of the Cleveland Society for Coatings Technology.21.2This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring,and controlling conditions and procedures of con-trolled condensation tests.It does not specify specimen prepa-ration,specific test conditions,or evaluation of results.N OTE1—Alternative practices for testing water resistance of coatings include Practices D870,D1735,and D2247.1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:3D609Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint,Varnish,Conversion Coatings,and Related Coating ProductsD610Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel SurfacesD714Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of PaintsD823Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint,Varnish,and Related Products on Test PanelsD870Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water ImmersionD1654Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive EnvironmentsD1730Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD1735Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog ApparatusD2247Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100%Relative HumidityD2616Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-ence With a Gray ScaleD3359Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test D3363Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil TestD4541Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion TestersG154Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatus for UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials3.Summary of Practice3.1Water vapor is generated by heating a pan of water at the bottom of the test chamber.The specimens form the roof or walls of the test chamber so that the back sides of the specimens are exposed to the cooling effects of room tempera-ture air.The resulting heat transfer causes vapor to condense on the test specimens as liquid water saturated with air.3.2The temperature and amount of condensate forming on the specimens is controlled by the test temperature and the room temperature.The test specimens are inclined so that condensate runs off the test surface by gravity and is replaced by fresh condensate in a continuous process during the condensate cycle.3.3Exposure conditions are varied by selecting:(a)the temperature of the test,(b)the duration of the test,and(c) periodic drying of the specimens.Testing may be conducted at temperatures from38to82°C(100to180°F).Any effects such1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01on Paint andRelated Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.27on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved June1,2007.Published July2007.Originally approvedst previous edition approved in1999as D4585–99.2Foecking,N.J.,“Cleveland Condensing Type Humidity Cabinet,”OffıcialDigest,December1963,V ol35,No.467,pp.1318–1327;and Higgins,W.A.,“Cleveland Condensing Type Humidity Cabinet:II,”Offıcial Digest,November1965,V ol37,No.490,pp.1392–1404.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.as color change,blistering,loss of adhesion,softening,or embrittlement are observed and reported.4.Significance and Use4.1Water can cause degradation of coatings,so knowledge of how a coating resists water is helpful in predicting its service life.Failure in a condensation test may be caused by a number of factors including a deficiency in the coating itself,contami-nation of the substrate,or inadequate surface preparation.The test is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or com-plete coating systems.4.2Condensation tests of coatings are used for specification acceptance,quality control,and research and development of coatings and substrate treatments.These tests usually result in a pass or fail determination but the degree of failure also may be measured.A coating system is considered to pass if there is no evidence of water-related failure after a specified period of time.4.3Results obtained from the use of condensation tests in accordance with this practice should not be represented as being equivalent to a period of exposure to water in the naturalenvironment,until the degree of quantitative correlation has been established for the coating or coating system.4.4The test is usually conducted on metal,plastics,or wood specimens with the coating facing the inside of the chamber. However,it is possible to test the blister resistance of house paints on wood specimens by mounting the uncoated wood surface facing the inside of the chamber.4.5This practice can be used for corrosion tests particularly if the specimens are periodically dried.While corrosion prod-ucts will drain into the water bath,they are not carried into the vapor that condenses on the test specimens.5.Apparatus5.1Test Chamber(see Fig.1and Fig.2),consisting of insulated side walls mounted on a base,test specimen racks attached to the side walls,a heated water pan,and provisions for controlling and indicating the vapor temperature within the chamber.Vents,approximately3to5mm(0.10to0.20in.) wide,shall be provided to admit room air at the bottom of the test chamber.Locate the chamber away from air vents and direct drafts.N OTE2—The apparatus described in Practice G154may be used if the ultraviolet lamps specified in Practice G154are turned off.5.2Specimens shall form the roof of the test chamber.If the specimens cannot completelyfill all the openings,blank panels shall be used.Certain substrates may deform from the heat and moisture.The specimens should be mounted to avoid gaps between specimens that allow heat and moisture to escape. Various types of tape can be used to seal the gaps that develop when the specimen deforms.Specimens shall be inclined from 15to75°from the horizontal and arranged so that condensate is returned to the water pan without dripping on other speci-mens.5.3Water Supply,with water level control.The water quality should be agreed upon between the customer and the supplier for running this test.5.4Water Heater,preferably located under the water pan, controlled by a thermostat with the sensing element located in the water.5.5Thermometer,with the stem extending into the air-water vapor mixture in the test chamber.5.6Program Timer,Blower,and Air Heater,(optional)fitted to the chamber to provide periods of drying on afixed schedule.6.Test Specimens6.1This practice does not cover the preparation of test specimens.The substrate composition and surface preparation, specimen preparation,and the number of specimens should be agreed upon prior to testing.N OTE3—Applicable methods for the preparation of test panels and substrates are given in Practice D609and Practices D1730.Practices D823cover application techniques for the production of uniformfilms.6.2It’s recommended that a control specimen of a paint with known durability be included with each test.Such control specimens can provide warning of changes in test severity in a given apparatus,and can indicate variations in test severity between different apparatuses.6.3It’s recommended that at least two replicate specimens of each different coating be used,so as to compensate for variations between specimens and variations in test conditions within the apparatus.FIG.1Controlled Condensation ApparatusFIG.2Apparatus Cross Section6.4Test specimens should beflat rigid material.Minimum size is76-mm(3-in.)wide and152-mm(6-in.)tall.Maximum thickness is8mm(3⁄4in.).Materials thicker than8mm(3⁄4in.) insulate and the condensate does not form on the tested side of the panel.If the test panels overshadow the upper shelf,do not put test panels on the upper shelf.Check the samples periodi-cally to make sure condensation is occurring.N OTE4—A3mm glass plate in place of a sample will work to monitor whether condensation is occurring.7.Procedure7.1Fill the water pan to a depth of approximately25mm(1 in.)with water.The quality of the water in the pan does not affect the test since the evaporation and condensation process yields distilled water,but the use of tap water can result in the accumulation of residues in the water pan.7.2Fill all spaces in the specimen holder rack with speci-mens or corrosion-resistant blank panels.Mount coated metal panels with the coating to be tested facing the inside of the chamber.Coated wood specimens may be mounted in the same way.7.2.1Blister tests to simulate the effects of water vapor migration from inside a frame house are mounted with the uncoated side of the wood specimen facing the inside of the test chamber.7.2.2Close all cracks between specimens and all holes in specimens,to prevent water vapor loss and local temperature variation.Condensate usually seals cracks or holes smaller than1mm(0.04in.),but larger openings must be closed with tape or metal strips.7.3Adjust the thermostat to maintain the desired tempera-ture of the saturated air and water vapor mixture.Vapor temperatures of38,49,or60°C(100,120,or140°F)are suggested.Other temperatures may be used provided that the temperature is reported in conformance with Section8.To ensure adequate condensation,maintain at least a11°C(20°F) temperature differential between the room and the vapor.7.4Operate the chamber continuously unless otherwise specified or agreed.The removal of specimens for inspections during operation is permitted.When removing a specimen for inspection,replace it with a blank so that the test conditions are not altered.7.5Cyclic operation with alternating periods of condensa-tion and drying may be used.Automatic drying requires the apparatus described in5.6.For manual drying of specimens, remove them from the apparatus.Drying periods should be at least4h long.7.6To control for variability within the apparatus,reposi-tion the specimens on a regular basis so that all specimens spend equivalent amounts of time in the various areas of the apparatus(top,bottom,left,right,and center).7.7Conclude the test after a specified period of time or after effects from exposure to water are noted.7.8Remove specimens at the conclusion of the test.Do not leave the specimens in the apparatus at the conclusion of the test as the specimens can remain wet for hours,or even days, when the apparatus is turned off.7.9Wipe the test specimens dry.Rate specimens for changes in color,blistering,etc.Evaluate specimens no less than5min and no more than10min after removal from test, as the effects from water exposure can change within a short time.Remove only as many specimens as can be rated within the specified time.N OTE5—Relevant procedures for evaluating water effects are de-scribed in Test Methods D610and D2616,and Test Methods D714, D1654,D3359,D3363,and D4541.7.9.1If possible,rate the specimens again after they have been removed from the test for a recovery period long enough that moisture absorbed within the specimen dries out and the specimens reach moisture equilibrium with room air.A recov-ery period from12to24h is generally sufficient.The post-recovery rating allows evaluation of the permanent effects of the exposure as distinct from the transient effects,and is especially important for evaluation of color and gloss.8.Report8.1Report the following information:8.1.1Sample identification.8.1.2Results of the evaluation(s).8.1.3Reference to Practice D4585.8.1.4Hours of test duration.8.1.5Description of any cyclic operations.8.1.6Condensation temperature.8.1.7Special conditions of test or any deviations in test procedure.9.Keywords9.1adhesion;blistering;condensation;humidity;resistance-water;rustSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D01has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D4585-99)that may impact the use of this standard.(Approved June1,2007.)(1)The references to Practice G53have been changed to Practice G154.Practice G53has been replaced by Practice G154.(2)A sentence was added to5.1about the location of the apparatus.(3)A sentence was added to6.4to check the samples regularly for condensation.(4)A Note4was added to allow the use of a3mm piece of glass to check for condensation.(5)Note4was renumbered to Note5.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed everyfive years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@(e-mail);or through the ASTM website().。
astm冷却塔标准
ASTM(美国材料与试验协会)制定了一系列与冷却塔相关的标准,这些标准涵盖了材料、设计、安装、测试等方面。
以下是一些与冷却塔相关的ASTM标准的例子:
1.ASTM C754/C754M - 19:用于水冷却塔的标准规范。
2.ASTM C891 - 18:用于冷却塔用玻璃纤维增强材料的标准规范。
3.ASTM D4525 - 16:在冷却水系统中测定水硬度的标准试验方法。
4.ASTM D4770 - 21:用于通过测定pH值和电导率监测水中氯化物、硫化物、硝酸盐和硫酸盐的标准试验方法,这在冷却水系统的监测中很重要。
5.ASTM D5997 - 20:测定冷却水系统中的电导率、pH值和硫酸盐的标准试验方法。
6.ASTM D6809 - 20:在冷却水中测定总硅的标准试验方法。
请注意,这里列举的标准只是其中的一部分,具体适用的标准可能会根据冷却塔的类型、用途和所在行业的不同而有所差异。
在实际应用中,应根据具体情况选择合适的ASTM标准以确保冷却塔的设计、建造和运行符合相关的技术规范和质量标准。
使用水雾装置进行涂层耐水性试验
1.范围
1.1 本标准涵盖与盐雾试验类似设备测试涂层耐水性的基本原则和操作程序。
1.2 本标准仅限于获得、测量和控制水雾试验的条件及程序。
并未规定样品准备、特定测试条件,或者结果的评估。
注意1-其他测试涂层耐水性的标准有D870、D2247、D4585.
1.3 国际单位的数值是标准值,括号内的数值仅供提供信息。
1.4 本标准并不打算提出所有的安全问题,如果有,也与其使用方法有关。
本标准的使用者在使用本标准时,有责任先制定适当的安全预防措施和健康保护措施,并在使用前判断调整具体的限制。
2.参考文献
3.规程摘要
3.1 涂层样品放置在封闭的箱体内,让盐雾自由落在样品上。
箱体温度通常保持在38℃。
暴露环境根据测试时间长短而不同。
水渗透涂层的速率与涂层的特性有关系。
观察并记录任何色变、气泡、无粘性、软化或者脆化等现象。
4.意义和用途
4.1 水能导致涂层老化,所以了解涂层防水性对预测其生命周期很有帮助。
水雾测试失效可能由几个因素引起,包括涂层本身的缺陷、基质受到污染或者表面准备不足。
因此本试验有助于评估涂层自身或者涂层系统。
4.2。
Designation:D4585–07Standard Practice forTesting Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Condensation1This standard is issued under thefixed designation D4585;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1This practice covers basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings using controlled condensation.Condensation is produced by expos-ing one surface of a coated specimen to a heated,saturated mixture of air and water vapor,while the reverse side of the specimen is exposed to the cooling effect of room temperature air.This practice is derived from research of the Cleveland Society for Coatings Technology.21.2This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring,and controlling conditions and procedures of con-trolled condensation tests.It does not specify specimen prepa-ration,specific test conditions,or evaluation of results.N OTE1—Alternative practices for testing water resistance of coatings include Practices D870,D1735,and D2247.1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:3D609Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint,Varnish,Conversion Coatings,and Related Coating ProductsD610Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel SurfacesD714Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of PaintsD823Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint,Varnish,and Related Products on Test PanelsD870Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water ImmersionD1654Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive EnvironmentsD1730Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD1735Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog ApparatusD2247Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100%Relative HumidityD2616Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-ence With a Gray ScaleD3359Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test D3363Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil TestD4541Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion TestersG154Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatus for UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials3.Summary of Practice3.1Water vapor is generated by heating a pan of water at the bottom of the test chamber.The specimens form the roof or walls of the test chamber so that the back sides of the specimens are exposed to the cooling effects of room tempera-ture air.The resulting heat transfer causes vapor to condense on the test specimens as liquid water saturated with air.3.2The temperature and amount of condensate forming on the specimens is controlled by the test temperature and the room temperature.The test specimens are inclined so that condensate runs off the test surface by gravity and is replaced by fresh condensate in a continuous process during the condensate cycle.3.3Exposure conditions are varied by selecting:(a)the temperature of the test,(b)the duration of the test,and(c) periodic drying of the specimens.Testing may be conducted at temperatures from38to82°C(100to180°F).Any effects such1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01on Paint andRelated Coatings,Materials,and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.27on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved June1,2007.Published July2007.Originally approvedst previous edition approved in1999as D4585–99.2Foecking,N.J.,“Cleveland Condensing Type Humidity Cabinet,”OffıcialDigest,December1963,V ol35,No.467,pp.1318–1327;and Higgins,W.A.,“Cleveland Condensing Type Humidity Cabinet:II,”Offıcial Digest,November1965,V ol37,No.490,pp.1392–1404.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard. Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.as color change,blistering,loss of adhesion,softening,or embrittlement are observed and reported.4.Significance and Use4.1Water can cause degradation of coatings,so knowledge of how a coating resists water is helpful in predicting its service life.Failure in a condensation test may be caused by a number of factors including a deficiency in the coating itself,contami-nation of the substrate,or inadequate surface preparation.The test is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or com-plete coating systems.4.2Condensation tests of coatings are used for specification acceptance,quality control,and research and development of coatings and substrate treatments.These tests usually result in a pass or fail determination but the degree of failure also may be measured.A coating system is considered to pass if there is no evidence of water-related failure after a specified period of time.4.3Results obtained from the use of condensation tests in accordance with this practice should not be represented as being equivalent to a period of exposure to water in the naturalenvironment,until the degree of quantitative correlation has been established for the coating or coating system.4.4The test is usually conducted on metal,plastics,or wood specimens with the coating facing the inside of the chamber. However,it is possible to test the blister resistance of house paints on wood specimens by mounting the uncoated wood surface facing the inside of the chamber.4.5This practice can be used for corrosion tests particularly if the specimens are periodically dried.While corrosion prod-ucts will drain into the water bath,they are not carried into the vapor that condenses on the test specimens.5.Apparatus5.1Test Chamber(see Fig.1and Fig.2),consisting of insulated side walls mounted on a base,test specimen racks attached to the side walls,a heated water pan,and provisions for controlling and indicating the vapor temperature within the chamber.Vents,approximately3to5mm(0.10to0.20in.) wide,shall be provided to admit room air at the bottom of the test chamber.Locate the chamber away from air vents and direct drafts.N OTE2—The apparatus described in Practice G154may be used if the ultraviolet lamps specified in Practice G154are turned off.5.2Specimens shall form the roof of the test chamber.If the specimens cannot completelyfill all the openings,blank panels shall be used.Certain substrates may deform from the heat and moisture.The specimens should be mounted to avoid gaps between specimens that allow heat and moisture to escape. Various types of tape can be used to seal the gaps that develop when the specimen deforms.Specimens shall be inclined from 15to75°from the horizontal and arranged so that condensate is returned to the water pan without dripping on other speci-mens.5.3Water Supply,with water level control.The water quality should be agreed upon between the customer and the supplier for running this test.5.4Water Heater,preferably located under the water pan, controlled by a thermostat with the sensing element located in the water.5.5Thermometer,with the stem extending into the air-water vapor mixture in the test chamber.5.6Program Timer,Blower,and Air Heater,(optional)fitted to the chamber to provide periods of drying on afixed schedule.6.Test Specimens6.1This practice does not cover the preparation of test specimens.The substrate composition and surface preparation, specimen preparation,and the number of specimens should be agreed upon prior to testing.N OTE3—Applicable methods for the preparation of test panels and substrates are given in Practice D609and Practices D1730.Practices D823cover application techniques for the production of uniformfilms.6.2It’s recommended that a control specimen of a paint with known durability be included with each test.Such control specimens can provide warning of changes in test severity in a given apparatus,and can indicate variations in test severity between different apparatuses.6.3It’s recommended that at least two replicate specimens of each different coating be used,so as to compensate for variations between specimens and variations in test conditions within the apparatus.FIG.1Controlled Condensation ApparatusFIG.2Apparatus Cross Section6.4Test specimens should beflat rigid material.Minimum size is76-mm(3-in.)wide and152-mm(6-in.)tall.Maximum thickness is8mm(3⁄4in.).Materials thicker than8mm(3⁄4in.) insulate and the condensate does not form on the tested side of the panel.If the test panels overshadow the upper shelf,do not put test panels on the upper shelf.Check the samples periodi-cally to make sure condensation is occurring.N OTE4—A3mm glass plate in place of a sample will work to monitor whether condensation is occurring.7.Procedure7.1Fill the water pan to a depth of approximately25mm(1 in.)with water.The quality of the water in the pan does not affect the test since the evaporation and condensation process yields distilled water,but the use of tap water can result in the accumulation of residues in the water pan.7.2Fill all spaces in the specimen holder rack with speci-mens or corrosion-resistant blank panels.Mount coated metal panels with the coating to be tested facing the inside of the chamber.Coated wood specimens may be mounted in the same way.7.2.1Blister tests to simulate the effects of water vapor migration from inside a frame house are mounted with the uncoated side of the wood specimen facing the inside of the test chamber.7.2.2Close all cracks between specimens and all holes in specimens,to prevent water vapor loss and local temperature variation.Condensate usually seals cracks or holes smaller than1mm(0.04in.),but larger openings must be closed with tape or metal strips.7.3Adjust the thermostat to maintain the desired tempera-ture of the saturated air and water vapor mixture.Vapor temperatures of38,49,or60°C(100,120,or140°F)are suggested.Other temperatures may be used provided that the temperature is reported in conformance with Section8.To ensure adequate condensation,maintain at least a11°C(20°F) temperature differential between the room and the vapor.7.4Operate the chamber continuously unless otherwise specified or agreed.The removal of specimens for inspections during operation is permitted.When removing a specimen for inspection,replace it with a blank so that the test conditions are not altered.7.5Cyclic operation with alternating periods of condensa-tion and drying may be used.Automatic drying requires the apparatus described in5.6.For manual drying of specimens, remove them from the apparatus.Drying periods should be at least4h long.7.6To control for variability within the apparatus,reposi-tion the specimens on a regular basis so that all specimens spend equivalent amounts of time in the various areas of the apparatus(top,bottom,left,right,and center).7.7Conclude the test after a specified period of time or after effects from exposure to water are noted.7.8Remove specimens at the conclusion of the test.Do not leave the specimens in the apparatus at the conclusion of the test as the specimens can remain wet for hours,or even days, when the apparatus is turned off.7.9Wipe the test specimens dry.Rate specimens for changes in color,blistering,etc.Evaluate specimens no less than5min and no more than10min after removal from test, as the effects from water exposure can change within a short time.Remove only as many specimens as can be rated within the specified time.N OTE5—Relevant procedures for evaluating water effects are de-scribed in Test Methods D610and D2616,and Test Methods D714, D1654,D3359,D3363,and D4541.7.9.1If possible,rate the specimens again after they have been removed from the test for a recovery period long enough that moisture absorbed within the specimen dries out and the specimens reach moisture equilibrium with room air.A recov-ery period from12to24h is generally sufficient.The post-recovery rating allows evaluation of the permanent effects of the exposure as distinct from the transient effects,and is especially important for evaluation of color and gloss.8.Report8.1Report the following information:8.1.1Sample identification.8.1.2Results of the evaluation(s).8.1.3Reference to Practice D4585.8.1.4Hours of test duration.8.1.5Description of any cyclic operations.8.1.6Condensation temperature.8.1.7Special conditions of test or any deviations in test procedure.9.Keywords9.1adhesion;blistering;condensation;humidity;resistance-water;rustSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D01has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D4585-99)that may impact the use of this standard.(Approved June1,2007.)(1)The references to Practice G53have been changed to Practice G154.Practice G53has been replaced by Practice G154.(2)A sentence was added to5.1about the location of the apparatus.(3)A sentence was added to6.4to check the samples regularly for condensation.(4)A Note4was added to allow the use of a3mm piece of glass to check for condensation.(5)Note4was renumbered to Note5.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed everyfive years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@(e-mail);or through the ASTM website().。