NCC5003KBWP中文资料

胜利作业五号平台概述1.平台基本信息平台名称：胜利作业五号平台型式：齿轮齿条升降的三腿自升式修井作业平台业主：中国石化集团胜利石油管理局井下作业公司国籍：中国注册港籍：东营港入级：CCS入级符号：★ CSA Self-elevating Work Over Unit，HELDK2.设计与建造设计方：胜利石油管理局钻井工艺研究院海洋所建造方：胜利石油化工建设有限责任公司竣工日期：2010年7月3.平台型式及功能a)平台型式胜利作业五号平台该平台是一艘齿轮齿条升降的三腿自升式修井作业平台，钢质非自航。

由平台主体、桩腿（带桩靴）、升降系统三部分组成。

平台主体平面形状接近三角形，三根圆柱形桩腿成艉二艏一布局，桩靴为八边形。

平台主甲板尾部布置有悬臂梁系统，平台首部设有四层生活楼和直升飞机平台。

b)平台功能平台的主要任务是对水深5～25m范围内的油井进行修井作业。

4.设计原则1)按CCS规范设计，入CCS级；2)平台稳性满足油田内移位和风暴拖航的要求；3)先进性与适用性相结合的原则；4)可靠性、安全性与创新性相结合的原则；5)结构设计优化的原则；6)配套设施操作维护方便的原则；7)生活设施完善舒适的原则；8)满足HSE（健康、安全、环保）要求。

5.适用范围1)本平台适用于4500 m深度内的直、斜井的大修、小修作业（用3—1/2〞钻杆）。

2)作业范围：渤海湾水深5～25 m（含天文潮和风暴潮）内泥砂质海底的海域或相类似海域。

3)平台为无冰期作业。

1.1 主要指标及性能6.平台坐标系为了更好的描述本平台，在本手册中给出坐标系。

坐标系原点位于平台中心线尾端基线处，Ｘ轴向首为正，Ｙ轴向左舷为正，Z轴向上为正。

特别注意：在本手册的计算过程中，计算数据都应为该坐标系中的数据。

图 1 平台坐标系7.主要设计指标表 1 主要参数表说明：○1许用钻台最大可变载荷组合：指钻台立根盒油管重量、大钩载荷、转盘载荷以及钻台其他活动件重量的组合。

热轧2050土建安装手册翻译版Ⅵ.“现场安装指南”信息设备组装和冷调试的必要最低要求。

商。

安装制备的基础。

●●●●●●说明以及另外提出的国家信息均被摘录并代表最低要求。

耗品、耐用品、工具、设备和辅助设备的操作说明以及本指南中规定的所有建筑、机器、设备组件的要求。

作、明。

有，或设置或由他们监督及批准时才对设备部件承担任何保证。

货范围不包含所有的工具、辅助设施、设备及消耗品。

展示适合并专业于安装设备部件的工具及辅助设备。

施、设备、消耗品及特殊工具是他们完成合同约定的安装任务所必需的以及在任意时间均能提供的。

具。

Ⅶ.章节Ⅷ.内容目录Ⅰ.封面 (1)Ⅱ.版权 (2)Ⅲ.免责声明 (2)Ⅳ.联系方式 (2)Ⅴ.修订单 (3)Ⅵ.“现场安装指南”信息 (3)Ⅶ.章节 (6)Ⅷ.内容目录 (7)1.信息概览 (10)1.1职业安全、健康及环境保护 (11)1.1.1职业安全、健康及环境保护规则 (11)1.1.2安全说明及安全标志 (14)1.1.3工作区域安全 (22)1.1.4个人保护设施 (26)1.1.5保护及警告设施 (28)1.1.6用于打开/关闭的示范性记录 (32)1.1.7安全链设置范例 (33)1.1.9急救 (35)1.1.10事故报告1.1.11防火1.1.13拆卸及安装、试运行及关闭的特殊性1.2开始安装的先决条件1.2.1耗材1.2.2建筑及地基1.2.3其他建筑、设备及厂房1.2.4现场道路建设1.2.5安装及卸载区1.2.6起重机1.2.7人员1.2.8工具及耐用品及非耐用品1.3厂房地基建设1.3.1地基验收记录示例1.4参考坐标轴及标高参考点调研1.5厂房基础检验（机器基础）1.6基础准备1.7垫板及支撑材料1.8校准、锚固和灌浆1.8.1组件及设备部件的校准1.8.2组件及设备部件的锚固1.8.3组件及设备部件的灌浆1.9吊索、运输、存储设备部件1.9.1仓储及卸载重要标志1.9.2吊索装载平台1.9.3起重配件1.9.4开箱检查报告示例1.9.5开箱检查报告示例1.10耐用品及非耐用品1.10.1耐用品及非耐用品数量计算1.10.2流体计算示例1.10.3能源计算示例1.10.4焊接耗材计算示例1.10.5其他耐用品及非耐用品计算示例1.10.6垫板、阶梯垫及承载板的计算示例1.11图纸中的装卸说明1.12部件的预安装、安装及拆卸1.12.1调整、校准及紧固联轴器1.12.2位置偏差示例表1.13管线系统的安装与拆卸1.13.1焊接接头的装卸1.13.2螺栓连接的装卸1.13.3“管道/管道耦合”连接情况下的装卸1.13.4“管道耦合/零件”连接情况下的装卸1.13.5轮缘连接的装卸1.13.6补偿器的装卸1.13.7水带线的装卸1.13.8管道支撑的安装1.13.9阀门及配件、测量设备的识别1.13.10管线的弯曲1.13.11管线的焊接1.13.12焊接接缝1.13.13焊接接缝的检验1.13.14管线系统验收标志示例1.13.15流体的管道代码字母示例1.14钢管和耐酸不锈钢管的清洗和酸洗1.14.1钢管的再循环工艺化学清洗1.14.2耐酸不锈钢管的再循环工艺化学清洗1.14.3钢管的浸没法化学清洗1.14.4耐酸不锈钢管的浸没法清洗1.14.5油循环和液压系统的管道清洗1.15工具、器械、以及辅助设备1.15.1液压设备的测试及检查装置1.15.2电焊机1.15.3氧乙炔焊割炬1.15.4重型起重装置1.15.5工作台及工具柜1.15.6测量及检测工具1.15.7电动手持式机床1.15.8电气辅助设备1.15.9扳手及叉状扳手1.15.10手动及机械式扭矩工具1.15.11金属麻花钻1.15.12带附件的打孔机1.15.13吊装装载设备1.15.14其他工具及辅助设备1.16附录1.16.1再循环过程中酸洗方案的示例1.16.2在循环过程中酸洗方案的示例1.16.3板材冲洗的图片及单据示例1.16.4 卸载及安装辊壳的示例1.1
职业安全卫生与环境保护1.1.1职业安全、健康、环保法规注意：无论集团的项目类型、范围和安装性能如何，客户主要负责职业安全、健康和环境保护。

2 |English...................................................Page5Español................................................Página23Português do Brasil.....................................Página37中文.......................................................页48繁體中文..................................................頁59한국어...............................................페이지68ไทย......................................................หน้า78Bahasa Indonesia.....................................Halaman91Tiếng Việt...............................................Trang1021 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)Bosch Power Tools| 3Bosch Power Tools1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)4 |°C(h)(i)(e)(d)(f)(g)1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)Bosch Power ToolsEnglish | 5 EnglishSafety instructionsAll instructions must be read and observed in order for the meas-uring tool to function safely. The safeguards integrated into themeasuring tool may be compromised if the measuring tool is notused in accordance with these instructions. Never make warningsigns on the measuring tool unrecognisable. SAVE THESE IN-STRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE AND INCLUDE THEM WITH THE MEASUR-ING TOOL WHEN TRANSFERRING IT TO A THIRD PARTY.u Warning! If operating or adjustment devices other than those specified here are used or other procedures are carried out, this can lead to dangerous exposure to radiation.u The measuring tool is delivered with a warning label (marked in the illustrationof the measuring tool on the graphics page).uyour head away from the beam.u Do not make any modifications to the laser equipment.u Do not use the laser goggles as protective goggles. The laser goggles make the laser beam easier to see; they do not protect you against laser radiation.u Do not use the laser goggles as sunglasses or while driving. The laser goggles do not provide full UV protection and impair your ability to see colours.Bosch Power Tools 1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)6 | Englishu Have the measuring tool serviced only by a qualified specialist using only ori-ginal replacement parts. This will ensure that the safety of the measuring tool is maintained.u Do not let children use the laser measuring tool unsupervised. They could acci-dentally dazzle someone.u Do not use the measuring tool in explosive atmospheres which contain flam-mable liquids, gases or dust. Sparks may be produced inside the measuring tool, which can ignite dust or fumes.u The measuring tool may not be 100% accurate for technological reasons. Envir-onmental factors (e.g. dust or steam in the area being measured), temperature fluctu-ations (e.g. from fan heater) as well as the nature and condition of the surfaces being measured (e.g. highly reflective or transparent materials) can distort measurement readings.u Protect the measuring tool, particularly the area around the infrared lens and laser, from moisture and snow. The reception lens could fog up and distort the measurements. Incorrect settings on the tool and other atmospheric influences maymake the measurements inaccurate. Otherwise, object temperatures could be shown to be hotter or colder than they are, which may present a danger if touched.u Temperature measurements will only be correct if the emissivity setting matches the emissivity of the object. Otherwise, object temperatures could be shown to be hotter or colder than they are, which may present a danger if touched.u Take the batteries out of the measuring tool when it is being stored or transpor-ted. Persons are at risk of being blinded if the on/off switch is unintentionally pressed.Product Description and SpecificationsPlease observe the illustrations at the beginning of this operating manual.Intended UseThe measuring tool is intended for contactless measurement of surface temperature. The measuring tool must not be used for temperature measurement on persons and an-imals or for other medical purposes.The measuring tool is not suitable for surface temperature measurement of gases or li-quids.The measuring tool is not intended for temperature measurement of food.The measuring tool is suitable for indoor use.1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)Bosch Power ToolsEnglish | 7Product FeaturesThe numbering of the product features shown refers to the illustration of the measuring tool on the graphic page.Display elementsTechnical dataBosch Power Tools 1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)8 | English1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)Bosch Power ToolsEnglish | 9At an ambient temperature T of between –5 °C and 21 °C the measuring accuracy varies by±0.1×|T–21| °C for surface temperatures below 100 °C and±0.1×|T–21| % for surface temperatures above 100 °C.At an ambient temperature T of between 25 °C and 50 °C the measuring accuracy varies by±0.1×|T–25| °C for surface temperatures below 100 °C and±0.1×|T–25| % for surface temperatures above 100 °C.B)At a measuring distance of 0.1–0.3 m from the surfaceC)At a measuring distance of 0.75–1.25 m from the surfaceD)Refers to infrared measurement, see figure:E)Values in accordance with the Association of German Engineers' VDI/VDE 3511 part 4.3 stand-ard (publication date July 2005); applies for 90 % of the measuring signal.In all areas beyond the values detailed in the technical data, deviations are possible in measure-ment readings.F)Only non-conductive deposits occur, whereby occasional temporary conductivity caused bycondensation is expected.AssemblyInserting/changing the batteriesIt is recommended that you use alkaline manganese batteries to operate the measuring tool.To open the battery compartment cover (4), press the locking mechanism (5) and lift open the battery compartment cover. Insert the batteries. When inserting the batteries, ensure the polarity is correct according to the representation on the inside of the battery compartment cover.The battery indicator (a) shows the batteries' state of charge:Bosch Power Tools 1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)10 | Englishreplaced.Always replace all the batteries at the same time. Only use batteries from the same man-ufacturer and which have the same capacity.u Take the batteries out of the measuring tool when you are not using it for a pro-longed period of time. The batteries can corrode and self-discharge during pro-longed storage.OperationStarting Operationu Protect the measuring tool from moisture and direct sunlight.u Do not expose the measuring tool to any extreme temperatures or variations in temperature. For example, do not leave it in a car for extended periods of time. In case of large variations in temperature, allow the measuring tool to adjust to the ambi-ent temperature before putting it into operation. The precision of the measuring tool may be compromised if exposed to extreme temperatures or variations in temperat-ure.u Make sure that the measuring tool is correctly acclimatised. In case of large vari-ations in temperature, acclimatisation can take up to 30 minutes. This may be the case, for example, if you first perform a measurement in the cool cellar and then go up to the warm attic.u Avoid hard knocks to the measuring tool or dropping it. After severe external influ-ences and in the event of abnormalities in the functionality, you should have the measuring tool checked by an authorised Bosch after-sales service agent.u Do not close or cover the reception lens (2) or the laser outlet aperture (1).1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)Bosch Power ToolsEnglish | 11Switching on/offThe following options are available for switching on the measuring tool:–Switch on the measuring tool using the on/off button (9). The measuring tool will be ready to use again following a brief start-up sequence. No measurement is initiated at this stage and the laser is still switched off.–Switch on the measuring tool using the measuring button (3). After briefly pressing the measuring button (3), the measuring tool will be ready to take measurements following a brief start-up sequence. If you press and hold the measuring button (3) for more than three seconds, the laser will be switched on after the start-up sequence and the measuring tool will immediately begin measuring.u Never leave the measuring tool unattended when switched on, and ensure the measuring tool is switched off after use. Others may be dazzled by the laser beam. u Do not direct the laser beam at persons or animals and do not stare into the laser beam yourself (even from a distance).To switch off the measuring tool, press the on/off button (9).If no button on the measuring tool is pressed for approx. 1 minutes, the measuring tool will automatically switch off to preserve battery life.Measurement preparationsAdjusting the emissivityTo determine the surface temperature, the tool performs a contactless measurement of the natural infrared thermal radiation emitted by the object at which the tool is aimed. For optimum measuring results, the emissivity setting (see "Emissivity", page 14) on the measuring tool must be checked before every measurement and adapted to the ob-ject being measured if necessary.When the measuring tool is switched on for the first time, the high emissivity setting is activated by default. If the emissivity is changed, all the measured values will be erased. The emissivity setting remains saved when the measuring tool is switched off.You can select from three different emissivity settings on the measuring tool. The follow-ing overview shows commonly used materials of a similar emissivity for each emissivity setting; note that these are examples and not an exhaustive list. Because the emissivity of a material is dependent on a variety of factors and is therefore variable, the details in the following overview serve only as guide values.Bosch Power Tools 1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)12 | EnglishThe following emissivity gradings are used:–High emissivity grading: Approx. 0.95–Medium emissivity grading: Approx. 0.85–Low emissivity grading: Approx. 0.75To change the emissivity setting, press the button Mode (8) repeatedly until the emissiv-ity indicator (c) shows the required emissivity for the next measurement.u Temperature measurements will only be correct if the emissivity setting matches the emissivity of the object. Otherwise, object temperatures could be shown to be hotter or colder than they are, which may present a danger if touched. Measuring surfaceThe infrared radiation of the measuring surface is determined during the contactless measurement of the surface temperature.The laser point marks the approximate centre of the measuring surface. For an optimum measurement reading, position the measuring tool so that the laser beam meets the measuring surface perpendicularly to this point.u Do not direct the laser beam at persons or animals and do not stare into the laser beam yourself (even from a distance).Increasing the distance between the measuring tool and the object being measured in-creases the size of the measuring surface. At a distance of 1 m, the measuring surface is approx. 8.3 cm in size if the laser beam is perpendicular to a flat measuring surface.1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)Bosch Power ToolsEnglish | 13 At a surface temperature of −10 °C to +500 °C, the optimum measuring distance is between 0.75 m and 1.25 m. Below −10 °C, the optimum measuring distance is between 10 cm and 30 cm.The displayed reading is the average value of all temperatures measured within the measuring surface.u Stand back from very hot objects. There is a risk of burns.u Do not hold the measuring tool directly against hot surfaces. The heat can damage the measuring tool.Information about the measuring conditionsHighly reflective or glossy surfaces (e.g. glossy tiles, stainless steel fronts or cooking pots) can affect the surface temperature measurement. If necessary, mask the area to be measured with a dark, matt adhesive tape that conducts heat well. Allow the tape to ac-climatise briefly on the surface.Measuring through transparent materials (e.g. glass or transparent plastics) is funda-mentally not possible.Consequently, the more suitable and stable the measuring conditions are, the more ac-curate and reliable the measurement readings are.Infrared temperature measurement is impaired by smoke, steam or dusty air.It is therefore important to ventilate the room prior to measuring, especially when the air is contaminated or steamy. For example, do not perform measurements in a bathroom immediately after the shower has been used.Once ventilated, allow the room to reacclimatise a while until it returns to the usual tem-perature.Measuring functionsIndividual measurementsBriefly pressing the measuring button (3) once switches the laser on and actuates a single measurement.The measuring process can take up to half a second and is indicated by the SCAN (h) in-dicator lighting up. Once the measurement has been completed, the laser switches off automatically, the indicator SCAN disappears and both the most recent measurement reading and the reading before it are shown on the display.Continuous measurementFor continuous measurements, press and hold the measuring button (3). The laser re-mains switched on and the indicator SCAN appears in the display. Using slow move-ments, aim the laser at each of the surfaces to be measured, one by one.Bosch Power Tools 1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)14 | EnglishThe indicator on the display is continually updated. As soon as you let go of the measur-ing button (3), the measurement is stopped, the indicator SCAN disappears and the laser is switched off.The most recent measurement reading and the reading before it are shown on the dis-play.Errors – causes and corrective measuresMeasuring tool not acclimatisedThe measuring tool has been subjected to extreme fluctuations in temperature and did not have sufficient time to adjust.Ambient temperature outside the operating temperature rangeThe ambient temperature is too high or too low for the measuring tool to operate. Surface temperature outside the measuring rangeThe indicator flashes if the surface temperature of the object being measured in the measuring area is too high (above 500 °C, see indicator (g)) or too low (below −30 °C,see indicator (f)). The temperature of this object cannot be measured. Aim the laser at another object and start a new measurement.Internal errorIf the measuring tool has an internal fault, Err is shown on the display and the (i) sym-bol flashes. To reset the software, remove the batteries, wait a few seconds and then re-insert the batteries.If the error persists, have the measuring tool checked by a Bosch customer service agent. Do not open the measuring tool yourself.Glossary of termsEmissivityThe emissivity of an object depends on the material and the structure of its surface. It in-dicates whether a particular object emits a high or low level of infrared thermal radiation (in comparison to other objects of the same temperature).1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)Bosch Power ToolsEnglish | 15 Maintenance and ServiceMaintenance and Cleaningu Check the measuring tool before each use. If the measuring tool is visibly damaged or parts have become loose inside the measuring tool, safe function can no longer be ensured.Only store and transport the measuring tool in a suitable container, such as the original packaging. Do not affix any stickers near to the sensor on the measuring tool.Always keep the measuring tool clean and dry to ensure optimum, safe operation. Never immerse the measuring tool in water or other liquids.Wipe off any dirt using a dry, soft cloth. Do not use any detergents or solvents.When cleaning the measuring tool, ensure that no liquids enter the tool.Clean the reception lens (2) and laser outlet aperture (1) very carefully:Ensure that there is no lint on the reception lens or the laser outlet aperture. Do not at-tempt to remove dirt from the reception lens using pointed objects, and do not wipe overthe reception lens (risk of scratching). If necessary, you can carefully blow away dirt us-ing oil-free compressed air.If repairs are required, send in the measuring tool in its original packaging.After-Sales Service and Application ServiceOur after-sales service responds to your questions concerning maintenance and repair of your product as well as spare parts. You can find explosion drawings and information on spare parts at: The Bosch product use advice team will be happy to help you with any questions about our products and their accessories.In all correspondence and spare parts orders, please always include the 10‑digit article number given on the nameplate of the product.CambodiaRobert Bosch (Cambodia) Co., LtdUnit 8BC, GT Tower, 08th Floor, Street 169,Czechoslovakia Blvd, Sangkat Veal VongKhan 7 Makara, Phnom PenhVAT TIN: 100 169 511Tel.: +855 23 900 685Tel.: +855 23 900 660.khBosch Power Tools 1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)16 | EnglishPeople’s Republic of ChinaChina MainlandBosch Power Tool (China) Co. Ltd.Bosch Service Center567, Bin Kang RoadBin Kang DistrictHangzhou, Zhejiang ProvinceChina 310052Tel.: (0571) 8887 5566 / 5588Fax: (0571) 8887 6688 x 5566# / 5588#E-Mail:***************.comHK and Macau Special Administrative RegionsRobert Bosch Co. Ltd.21st Floor, 625 King’s RoadNorth Point, Hong KongCustomer Service Hotline: +852 2101 0235Fax: +852 2590 9762E-Mail:*************.comIndiaBosch Service Center69, Habibullah Road, (Next to PSBB School), T. NagarChennai–600077Phone: (044) 64561816Bosch Service Center18, Community CenterPhase 1, MayapuriNew Delhi–110064Phone: (011) 43166190IndonesiaPT Robert BoschPalma Tower 10th FloorJalan RA Kartini II-S Kaveling 6Pondok Pinang, Kebayoran LamaJakarta Selatan 12310Tel.: (21) 3005-5800www.bosch-pt.co.id1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)Bosch Power ToolsEnglish | 17 MalaysiaRobert Bosch Sdn. Bhd.(220975-V) PT/SMYNo. 8A, Jalan 13/646200 Petaling JayaSelangorTel.: (03) 79663194Toll-Free: 1800 880188Fax: (03) 79583838E-Mail:**********************.com.myPakistanRobert Bosch Middle East FZE – Pakistan Liaison Office2nd Floor Plaza # 10, CCA Block, DHA Phase 5Lahore, 54810Phone: +92(303)4444311Email:*********************PhilippinesRobert Bosch, Inc.28th Floor Fort Legend Towers,3rd Avenue corner 31st Street,Fort Bonifacio, Global City,1634 Taguig CityTel.: (632) 8703871Fax: (632) 8703870.phSingaporePowerwell Service Centre Ptd LtdBosch Authorised Service Centre (Power Tools)4012 Ang Mo Kio Ave 10, #01-02 TECHplaceSingapore 569628Tel.: 6452 1770Fax: 6452 1760E-Mail:*******************.sgThailandRobert Bosch Ltd.FYI Center Tower 1, 5th Floor,Bosch Power Tools 1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)18 | English2525 Rama IV Road, Klongtoei,Bangkok 10110Tel.: 02 0128888Fax: 02 0645802www.bosch.co.thBosch Service – Training CentreLa Salle Tower Ground Floor Unit No.210/11 La Salle Moo 16Srinakharin RoadBangkaew, Bang PleeSamutprakarn 10540Tel.: 02 7587555Fax: 02 7587525VietnamBranch of Bosch Vietnam Co., Ltd in HCMC14th floor, Deutsches Haus, 33 Le DuanBen Nghe Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh CityTel.: (028) 6258 3690Fax: (028) 6258 3692 - 6258 3694Hotline: (028) 6250 8555Email:**************************.com.vnBahrainEA Juffali and Brothers for Technical Equipment Company.Kingdom of Bahrain, Al Aker - Block 0624 - Road 2403 - Building 0055DPhone: +97317704537Fax: +973177045257Email:*****************.saEgyptRBEG-LLC22 Kamal Eldin HusseinSheraton Heliopolis11799 CairoE-mail:******************************.comIranRobert Bosch Iran3rd Floor, No 3, Maadiran BuildingAftab St., Khodami St., Vanak Sq.1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)Bosch Power ToolsEnglish | 19 Tehran 1994834571Phone: +9821- 86092057IraqSahba Technology GroupAl Muthana airport roadBaghdadPhone Bagdad: +964 (0) 7 901 930366Phone Dubai: +971 (0) 4 422 1898Email:**************************JordanRoots Arabia – JordanAl-Hurriyah Street, Al-MuqabaleinAmman 11623, JordanP.O. Box: 110068Tel. : +962 6 4398990E-mail:*********************KuwaitShuwaikh Industrial Area, Block 1, Plot 16, Street 3rdP.O. Box 164 – Safat 13002Phone: +965 - 2496 88 88Fax: +965 - 2481 08 79E-mail:***********************LebanonTehini Hana & Co. S.A.R.L.P.O. Box 90-449Jdeideh 1202 2040Dora-BeirutPhone: +9611255211Email:**************************LibyaEl Naser for Workshop ToolsSwanee Road, Alfalah AreaTripoliPhone: +218 21 4811184OmanMalatan Trading & Contracting LLCP.O. Box 131, Ruwi, MuscatBosch Power Tools 1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)20 | EnglishPostal Code: 112, Sultanate of OmanPhone: +968 2479 4035/4089/4901Mob: +968-91315465Fax: +968 2479 4058E-Mail:***********************QatarInternational Construction Solutions W L LP. O. Box 51, DohaPhone: +974 40065458Fax: +974 4453 8585Email:***************Saudi ArabiaJuffali Technical Equipment Co. (JTECO)P.O.Box: 1049 – Jeddah 21431 – KSAJeddah: 00966 (0) 12 692 0770 – Ext 433Riyadh: 00966 (0) 11 409 3976 – Ext-30/34/39Dammam: 00966 (0) 13 833 9565E-mail:****************.saSyriaDallal Establishment for Power ToolsDamascus. Baramkeh street - Ibn Amer street,Phone: +963112241006 or 009631122414009Mobile: 00963991141005Email:***********************United Arab EmiratesCentral Motors & Equipment,P.O. Box 26255, DubaiDubai: 00971 (0) 4 3090920/3090930Abu Dhabi: 00971 (0) 2 4017745Sharjah: 00971 (0) 6 5932777Al Ain: 00971 (0) 3 7157419E-Mail:********************************YemenAbu Alrejal Trading CorporationP.O. Box : 17024 , Zubeiry St.Sana'a, YemenTel: +967-1-20 20 101 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)Bosch Power ToolsEnglish | 21 Fax: +967-1-47 19 17E-mail:*************************/********************EthiopiaForever plcKebele 2,754, BP 4806,Addis AbabaPhone: +251 111 560 600Email:**********************GhanaRobert Bosch Ghana Limited21 Kofi Annan Road Airport Residential Area AccraTel. +233 (0)3027 94616KenyaRobert Bosch East Africa LtdMpaka Road P.O. Box 85600606 NairobiNigeriaRobert Bosch Nigeria Ltd.52–54 Isaac John Street P.O. BoxGRA Ikeja – LagosTanzaniaDiesel & Autoelectric Service Ltd.117 Nyerere Rd., P.O. Box 70839Vingunguti 12109, Dar Es SalaamPhone: +255 222 861 793/794Australia, New Zealand and Pacific IslandsRobert Bosch Australia Pty. Ltd.Power ToolsLocked Bag 66Clayton South VIC 3169Customer Contact CenterInside Australia:Phone: (01300) 307044Fax: (01300) 307045Inside New Zealand:Phone: (0800) 543353Fax: (0800) 428570Bosch Power Tools 1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)22 | EnglishOutside AU and NZ:Phone: +61 3 95415555.auRepublic of South AfricaCustomer serviceHotline: (011) 6519600Gauteng – BSC Service Centre35 Roper Street, New CentreJohannesburgTel.: (011) 4939375Fax: (011) 4930126E-Mail:****************.zaKZN – BSC Service CentreUnit E, Almar Centre143 Crompton StreetPinetownTel.: (031) 7012120Fax: (031) 7012446E-Mail:****************.comWestern Cape – BSC Service CentreDemocracy Way, Prosperity ParkMilnertonTel.: (021) 5512577Fax: (021) 5513223E-Mail:**********.zaBosch HeadquartersMidrand, GautengTel.: (011) 6519600Fax: (011) 6519880E-Mail:********************.comArmenia, Azerbaijan, GeorgiaRobert Bosch Ltd.David Agmashenebeli ave. 610102 Tbilisi, GeorgiaTel. +9953225100731 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)Bosch Power ToolsEspañol | 23 Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, UzbekistanTOO “Robert Bosch” Power Tools, After Sales ServiceMuratbaev Ave., 180050012, Almaty, KazakhstanServiceEmail:***********************Official Website: , IsraelLedico Ltd.31 Lazrov StreetP.O. Box 6018 Rishon Le Ziyon******************DisposalMeasuring tools, accessories and packaging should be recycled in an environmentallyEspañolIndicaciones de seguridadLeer y observar todas las instrucciones, para trabajar sin peligroy riesgo con el aparato de medición. Si el aparato de medición nose utiliza según las presentes instrucciones, pueden menoscabar-se las medidas de seguridad integradas en el aparato de medi-ción. Jamás desvirtúe las señales de advertencia del aparato de medición. GUARDE BIEN ESTAS INSTRUCCIONES Y ADJUNTELAS EN LA ENTREGA DEL APARATO DE MEDICIÓN.u Precaución – si se utilizan dispositivos de manejo o de ajuste distintos a los espe-cificados en este documento o si se siguen otros procedimientos, esto puede conducir a una peligrosa exposición a la radiación.u El aparato de medición se entrega con un rótulo de advertencia (marcado en la representación del aparato de medición en la página ilustrada con el número). Bosch Power Tools 1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)24 | Españolbralo con la etiqueta adhesiva adjunta en su idioma del país antes de la primerauver inmediatamente la cabeza fuera del rayo.u No efectúe modificaciones en el equipamiento del láser.u No utilice las gafas de visualización láser como gafas protectoras. Las gafas de vi-sualización láser sirven para detectar mejor el rayo láser; sin embargo, éstas no prote-gen contra la radiación láser.u No utilice las gafas de visualización láser como gafas de sol o en el tráfico. Las ga-fas de visualización láser no proporcionan protección UV completa y reducen la per-cepción del color.u Sólo deje reparar el aparato de medición por personal técnico calificado y sólo con repuestos originales. Solamente así se mantiene la seguridad del aparato de medición.u No deje que niños utilicen el aparato de medición láser sin vigilancia. Podrían deslumbrar involuntariamente personas.u No trabaje con el aparato de medición en un entorno potencialmente explosivo, en el que se encuentran líquidos, gases o polvos inflamables. El aparato de medi-ción puede producir chispas e inflamar los materiales en polvo o vapores.u Debido a motivos tecnológicos, la herramienta de medición no puede garantizar una seguridad absoluta. Las influencias del medio ambiente (p. ej. polvo o vapor en el margen de medición), las fluctuaciones de temperatura (p. ej. por termoventilador) así como naturaleza y estado de las superficies de medición (p. ej. materiales alta-mente reflectantes o transparentes) pueden falsear los resultados de la medición.u Proteja el aparato de medición, especialmente el área del lente infrarrojo y el lá-ser, ante la humedad y la nieve. El lente receptor podría empañarse y falsear los resultados de medición. Los ajustes incorrectos del aparato así como otros factores1 609 92A 5H0 | (16.12.2019)Bosch Power Tools。

129规格主要零件材质可从主配管集中分配。

可与用途相符的进行配管的集中与分配。

不使用工具即可快速装拆使用操作性优良的快速锁环方式，不用工具可使配管作业很方便。

空气输出方向在360°内都可调整采用万向结构，配管连接完后，空气输出方向能自由改变。

堵头:弯头组件:内连接接头:KBPKBVKBH适合螺纹尺寸使用流体最高使用压力空气1.0MPa 使用真空压力－100kPa 耐压试验压力3.0MPa环境温度及使用流体温度－5～60℃（未冻结时）安装部JIS B 0203(管用圆锥螺纹)螺纹JIS B 0209 2级(公制普通螺纹)螺母部JIS B 0211 2级(公制细牙螺纹)螺纹部的密封剂(标准)带密封剂无铜离子规格(标准)黄铜零件全部为无电解镀镍接头体内连接体C3604BD 、PBT 、POMPOM 锁环POM 弹簧SUS304WPB弹簧导杆限位器压入螺堵导套POM POM C3604BD SUS304、POM弹簧夹、释放套POM 密封圈、O 形圈NBR 夹头SUS304锁环堵头体压入螺堵弹簧弹簧导杆弹簧弹簧导杆锁环O 形圈O 形圈O 形圈O 形圈O 形圈O 形圈接头体万向弯头体释放套密封圈内连接体管子导套夹头弹簧夹内连接体限位器KB 系列配管组件10适合管子适合管子适合管子型号表示方法分支体尺寸分支体尺寸托架安装用螺纹M6×1×8l托架安装用螺纹M6×1×8l132配管组件装拆构造图安装方法注意其他注意配管组件外侧配管组件内侧使用前必读。

安全上注意，登载产品／共同注意事项参见前附1、2。

各系列的共同注意事项参见P.10、11。

①把各配管锁环的对接记号与接头体(或压入双头连接体)的对接记号对准，再按箭头方向压入便安装好。

不好安装的场合，把各配管稍微左右回转一下再压入便可安装。

若对接记号不对准，是不能安装的，因没有夹持，一旦加压，配管会飞出。

①将对接记号对准，把配管组件"外侧"压入"内侧"。

第五册静置设备与工艺金属结构制作安装工程编制说明一、本定额主要依据的标准、规范有：1、《钢制压力容器》2、《钢制塔式容器》．3、《钢制压力容器焊接工艺评定》4、《现场设备、工艺管道焊接工程施工及验收规范》5、《石油化工钢制塔类容器现场焊接施工工艺标准》6、《钢制焊接常压设备技术条件》7、《钢制管壳式换热器》8、《浮头式换热器和冷凝器型式与基本参数》9、《U型管式换热器型式与基本参数》10、《固定管板换热器型式与基本参数》11、《钢制球形储罐》12、《球形储罐工程施工工艺标准》13、《球形储罐施工及验收规范》14、《立式圆筒形钢制焊接油罐施工及验收规范》15、《钢结构工程施工及验收规范》16、《金属焊接结构湿式气柜施工及验收规范》17、《全国统一安装工程基础定额》（2006）18、《全国统一建筑安装劳动定额》19、《全国统一安装工程预算定额》(GYD-201～211-2000)20、《海南省建筑施工机械台班费用定额》(2005)21、《海南省施工机械与仪器仪表台班费用定额》(2000)22、《安装工程预算定额海南省基价本》（2000）23、其他省市现行安装定额24、本次调研资料、测算数据二、定额子目设置第一章、静置设备制作工程子目73个(1)、金属容器制作；(2)、静止设备附件制作；第二章、静置设备安装工程子目184个(1)、整体设备安装(2)、电解槽、除雾器、除尘器安装第三章、设备压力试验与设备清洗、钝化、脱脂子目40个(1)、设备容器、反应器类设备气密试验(2)、热交换器类设备气密试验第四章、工艺金属结构制作安装子目7个(1)、设备支架制作安装（一）项目设置根据工程施工特点、现场施工条件、定额所包括的工作内容以及贯彻“主体与措施分离”、“扩大定额通用性”的原则，第五册定额项目设置有所变化：1、静置设备制作仍按设备类型、设备材质、设备构造等条件设置定额项目，适用于常压、Ⅰ、Ⅱ类容器、塔器、热交换器的制作工程。

ncc培训文档NCC培训文档一、引言NCC（Network and Computer Center）是一个为学生提供网络和计算机资源的部门。

本文档旨在详细介绍NCC培训的内容和目标，帮助读者了解该培训的重要性和意义。

二、培训内容1. 网络基础知识- 网络拓扑结构：星型、总线型、环型等- 网络设备：交换机、路由器、防火墙等- IP地址和子网掩码的作用及使用方法- 常见网络协议：TCP/IP、HTTP、FTP等2. 网络安全- 常见网络攻击类型：DDoS、SQL注入、跨站脚本等- 网络安全防护措施：防火墙、入侵检测系统等- 密码安全管理：密码复杂度、定期更换密码等3. 服务器管理- 操作系统安装和配置- 网络服务配置：Web服务器、邮件服务器等- 数据备份和恢复策略4. 数据库管理- 数据库基本概念：表、字段、记录等- SQL语句的编写和执行- 数据库备份和恢复5. 系统运维- 系统性能监控和优化- 故障排除和应急处理- 系统更新和升级三、培训目标通过NCC培训，学员将达到以下目标：1. 掌握网络基础知识，能够理解网络拓扑结构和常见网络设备的功能。

2. 熟悉常见的网络攻击类型和防护措施，能够保障网络安全。

3. 能够独立完成服务器的安装、配置和管理工作。

4. 具备数据库管理的基本能力，能够使用SQL语句对数据库进行操作。

5. 能够进行系统监控和故障排除，保证系统的稳定运行。

四、结语NCC培训将为学员提供全面的网络和计算机知识，帮助他们在未来的工作中更好地应对各种技术挑战。

希望学员们能够认真学习，不断提升自己的技能。

通过NCC培训，我们相信他们能成为优秀的网络和系统管理员。

注：本文档由NCC部门编写，仅供培训使用，未经授权不得用于其他用途。

NCC系列说明书V1NCC系列产品说明书V1.1大连理工计算机控制工程有限公司2011年3月目录1产品概述 (2)1.1产品特点 (2)1.2技术指标 (3)1.3产品外观 (3)1.4电路原理 (6)2控制功能 (6)2.1 拨码开关 (6)2.2 探丝器输入 (7)2.3 PU保护输入 (7)2.4 指示灯输出 (8)2.5 切丝器输出 (11)2.6 切丝使能控制 (8)2.7 定时器 (8)3系统功能 (9)3.1 输入防抖 (9)3.2 合股切丝 (9)3.3 通道使能 (9)3.4 模式切换 (10)4通信功能 (10)4.1 MODBUS协议 (10)4.1.1传输格式 (11)4.1.2功能码 (11)4.1.3地址映射 (13)4.2 兼容协议 (14)4.2.1读服务 (14)4.2.2写服务 (15)1产品概述1.1产品特点NCC系列以AT89C55WD为处理器，支持数字量输入，数字量输出，指示灯输出，定时器和485通信接口。

其中数字量输入有探丝器输入和一路PU保护输入，全部采用光耦隔离，可有效的抑制干扰信号；数字量输出可通过继电器控制切丝器输出；定时器可独立的接收用户设臵，在定时结束以后，响应相应的事件。

NCC 系列模块通过RS-485总线接口使用多种通讯协议与主设备相连，主设备可以是计算机，也可以是通用人机界面设备。

通讯协议以MODBUS-RTU为主，开放模块全部功能，可实现全部参数的设臵和读取，另外该模块还兼容特有的通信协议，可以直接替换旧的设备。

本产品的特点如下：1、以工业级单片机为核心，集成电路全部采用CMOS器件，产品全部经过工业级温度考核。

2、输入输出通过光耦进行隔离，具有良好的抗干扰能力。

3、隔离DC－DC变换器和隔离RS485输出，全浮空电路设计。

4、输入和电源加有完善的TVS保护电路，误加几十伏高压不会损坏，可耐受几千伏ESD火花放电。

5、电源监视电路和看门狗电路，保证恶劣环境下可靠运行。

文件更改记录表目录1 范围 (1)1.1标识 (1)1.2系统概述 (1)1.3文档概述 (1)2 引用文档 (1)3 软件生存周期 (1)3.1软件生存周期各阶段对可靠性和可维护性要求 (1)3.2软件生存周期可靠性和可维护性度量方法 (2)4 软件可靠性和可维护性大纲要求 (2)4.1考虑的主要因素： (2)4.2主要活动项目 (2)4.3可行性论证 (2)4.3.1在需求分析阶段 (3)4.3.2运行环境分析 (3)4.3.3选定或制定规范和准则 (4)4.3.4软件可靠性和可维护性分析 (4)4.3.5评审 (4)4.3.6可靠性、可维护性文件和数据记录 (5)4.3.7培训 (5)4.3.8维护保障要求 (6)1 范围1.1 标识a）文档标识号：TN/x-DO-DS-V{N.xx}；b）标题：；c）软件名称；d）软件缩写：e）软件版本号。

1.2 系统概述1.3 文档概述2 引用文档表-X 引用文件3 软件生存周期3.1 软件生存周期各阶段对可靠性和可维护性要求◆可行性研究与计划阶段——进行项目可行性分析。

制订初步项目开发计划，提出软件可靠性和可维护性目标、要求及经费。

◆需求分析阶段——将合同的技术内容细化为具体产品需求。

分析和确定软件可靠性和维护性的目标，制定大纲。

◆概要设计阶段——进行软件可靠性和可维护性目标分配，进行可靠性和可维护性概要设计，并明确对详细设计的具体要求。

◆详细设计阶段——进行软件可靠性和可维护性详细设计，编写相应的设计说明，明确对实阶段的具体要求。

◆实现阶段——进行单元测试，分析和验证有关软件可靠性和可维护性的部分要求。

◆组装测试阶段——进行组装测试，并进一步分析软件可靠性和可维护性。

◆确认测试阶段——确认软件产品的可靠性和可维护性是否达到预定的目标。

使用和维护阶段——采集数据，定期评价，加强维护管理，以确保软件的可靠性和可维护性增长。

3.2 软件生存周期可靠性和可维护性度量方法在软件生存周期的各个阶段，应进行与可靠性和可维护性有关的度量，度量方法通常分定性的估计、定量的预测和测量等等。

SAP2000案例一、模型简介原有钢筋混凝土框架结构为一教学实验楼,长39.6m ,宽15m ,房间开间为3.6m ,进深为6m ,底层层高 4.5m ,其他层层高 3.6m 。

结构平面布置如图 1 所示。

上两层为加层轻型钢节后，原框架混凝土C35 , 弹性模量 E =3.15e10 , 泊松比ν=0.2 ,密度ρ=2500 。

加层钢结构Q235B , 设计强度 f =215MPa ,弹性模量E =2.06e11 ,泊松比ν=0.3 ,密度ρ=7850 。

为防止加层钢结构整体失稳, 在中间跨添加十字形柱间支撑。

原钢筋混凝土框架及钢结构构件截面见表 1 ,其中Z 、L1 、L2 为原混凝土柱、梁,GZ 、GL 、ZC 为加层钢柱、钢梁、柱间支撑。

楼面附加恒荷载为 1.5kN /m2 ,活荷载为2kN /m2 ;屋面活荷载为0.5kN /m2 。

每层楼受到一个100kN /m2的集中力荷载。

图1 结构平面布置图表1 原钢筋混凝土框架及钢结构构件截面原框架梁柱截面加层构件截面编号截面规格(mm)编号截面规格(mm)Z 500 ×500GZ 220 ×112×9.5×12.3L1250 ×650GL 500 ×162×16×20L2250 ×500ZC75×８二、模型建立1.确定模板参数2.编辑轴网3.定义材料混凝土钢材4.截面定义5.楼板定义6.荷载定义7.约束修改8.截面分配9. 中间跨添加十字形柱间支撑10.添加楼板11.划分楼板12.荷载添加三、运行结果1.轴力最大轴力为11580kN 2.应力最大主应力值在40.1MPa 3.变形4.弯矩杆单元最大3-3弯矩值为384kN m四、结果检验由于结构复杂，通过最大杆件轴力进行检验。

软件计算最大轴压力为11580.1kN粗算结果为（2 1.5100）（2 1.5100）++6 3.66/2++3 3.66/20.56 3.6/20.53 3.6/210068.3kN考虑粗算计算误差大，两者差异合理，故模型检验合格。

一．建工程（project）File→new project [移动盘中处理慎重]1．选取适当的处理文件2．填写下表图1.1二．把新的数据文件加到工程上1.新建一个地震数据到上述工程文件中（new seismic data to add to project）N→2D/3D图2.12.把需要处理的数据（如sgy等）加到1步所建的文件中（add seismic data to selected data set）“+”→sgy/sg23.出现图2.2在右上框中选择所需文件到下框中，然后一路确定，最后出现图 2.3，主意图 2.3中的其中第一个按钮显地震记录图，第二个按钮显到头编辑，第三个按钮显到头信息图2.2图2.3三．建立观测系统1．Interactive→geometry window display图3.1出现图3.2图3.3选中写着“[1]:new 2-D DATA”的按钮，再点“OK”，既是建立观测系统2．出现图3.4图3.4点“LOAD”出现图3.5图3.5注意：3.加载外部做好的观测系统Read Geometry Spread-Sheet→Read from geometry file(第二个)图3.64.Geometry Parameters→CMP Bin degaults（图3.6中第一个）出现图3.7点“AUTO-CALCULATE”自动计算出有关参数后再点“ok”图3.75. 计算，即Geometry Parameters→Calculate Fold/Offset(图3.6中第一个)6．把观测系统加入sgy文件，Write Geometry Spread-Sheet→Write Binning Info To Headers(图3.6第三个)7．一些按钮的功能如图3.6四．抽道集1.Job Flow→open flow file + command window2.在右框（vista flow command window）中分别选选“input”和“output”到左框（project）中。

5 Watt and 10 Watt Models3.3VDC to 24VDC Single Outputs Universal 85VAC to 265VAC Input 3,000VAC Input to Output Isolation -25 to +70°C Operation High EfficiencyModel NumberOutput Voltage Output Amps Output watts Size (inches)5 wATT OUTpUT PWB-5000 3.3 VDC 1.25 4W 1 x 2 x 0.6 PWB-5001 5 VDC 1 5W 1 x 2 x 0.6 PWB-5002 12 VDC 0.42 5W 1 x 2 x 0.6 PWB-5003 15 VDC 0.33 5W 1 x 2 x 0.6 PWB-5005 24 VDC 0.23 5W 1 x 2 x 0.6 10 wATT OUTpUT AFC-3.3S 3.3 VDC 2.5 8W 1 x 2 x 0.9 AFC-5S 5 VDC 2 10W 1 x 2 x 0.9 AFC-12S 12 VDC 0.83 10W 1 x 2 x 0.9 AFC-15S 15 VDC 0.66 10W 1 x 2 x 0.9 AFC-24S24 VDC0.4210W1 x2 x 0.92”L x 1”W x 0.6”H (5W)2”L x 1”w x 0.9”H (10W)Fully ApprovedIEC60950EN60950 UL60950-1CSA22.2-60950-1INpUT SpECIFICATIONSInput Voltage, Nominal 85-265VACNominal: 100-240VAC Input Frequency 47-440 Hz, 50-60Hz Nom. Inrush Current 20A @ 100VAC, typ40A @ 200VAC, typOUTpUT SpECIFICATIONSOutput Voltage/CurrentSee Specific Model Initial Accuracy +/-1%, typLoad Regulation 3.3V & 5V:+/-1%, typ20%-FL 12V, 15V, & 24V:+/-0.5%, typ Line Regulation 3.3V & 5V:+/-1%, typ12V, 15V, & 24V:+/-0.5%, typ Temperature Coefficient +/-0.03%/°CRipple/Noise(20Mhz BW) 200-250mV Pk-Pk, typ Overvoltage Protection Clamp, 130-150% * Hold Up Time30mS, typ Short Circuit Protection Continuous *OverTemp Protection Latching, RecoveringCurrent Limit130% typ,Self-Reset FoldbackGENERAL SpECIFICATIONSInput-Out Isolation3000VAC Output-Ground Isolation 1000VAC Input-Ground Isolation 2500VACOperating Frequency 100 Khz, fixed, typ Efficiency (@ Full Load) 75 - 80%, typSafety EN60950, TUV File# B050122749064 IEC60950, CB File# DE 3-51024UL60950-1, UL File# E167432ENVIRONMENTAL SpECIFICATIONSOper. Temperature -25 to +50°C FLDerate Linearly to 25%L @ 70°C Relative Humidity 0-95%, Non-Condensing Storage Temperature -25 to +71°C * MTBF 466,553 HrsMIL-HDBK 217, Parts Count Method,25°C, Ground BenignpHYSICAL SpECIFICATIONSCase Material Rynite, 94V-0 Rated Construction Encapsulated, Soft Pot Weight1.5 oz (42g)* These are stress ratings. Exposure of the devices to any of these conditionsmay adversely affect long term reliability. Proper operation under conditions other than the standard operating conditions is neither warranteed nor implied.All specifications are typical at nominal input, full load, and 25DegC unless otherwise notedAstrodyne products are not authorized or warranteed for use as critical components in life support systems, equipment used in hazardous environments, nuclear controls systems, or other mission-critical applications.NOTES:DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCH (mm)TOLERANCES:.XXX +/-.02(.508).XX +/-.05(1.27)MECHANICAL SpECIFICATIONSpOwER bLOCk AppLICATION NOTES Output NoiseThe figure below ia a sample diagram to reduce Output Ripple and Noise.C1 = Electrolytic Capacitor Capacitance = 22uF - 220uF Voltage = Two times rated output voltage L1 = 3uH - 10uHC2 = Electrolytic Capacitor Capacitance = 22uF - 47uF Voltage = Two times rated output voltage C3 = Ceramic Capacitor Capacitance = 0.01uF - 0.1uF Voltage = 50 volt Notes:1. The use of C1 alone may reduce noise to desired levels, if not use L1, C2 and C3 in addition to C1.2. The figure above is a suggested circuit. Only by trying true application can levels be tested.EMIThe figure below ia a suggested diagram to reduce Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).C1 = 0.22uF X CapacitorL1 = 10mH - 30mH Common Mode, Choke C2, C3 = 220pF Y Capacitors Notes: The diagram above is a recommended circuit, only by tryingtrue application can levels be measured.Inrush CurrentIf desired, the use of a Choke, NTC or Inrush Current Limitermay be used to reduce the Inrush CurrentDimension “H”0.6 (15.24) for 5Watt/PWB Version 0.9 (22.86) for 10Watt/AFC Version。

randa in Computer and Cognitive Science MCCS-93-260, Computing Research Laboratory, New Mexico State University. Las Cruces, New Mexico.[Hearst, 91] Hearst M., 1991.Towards Noun Homonym Disambiguation Using Local Context in Large Text Corpora. Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference of the UW Centre for the New OED and Text Research. Waterloo, Ontario.[Lesk 86] Lesk M., 1986.Automatic sense disambiguation: how to tell a pine cone from an ice cream cone.Proceeding of the 1986 SIGDOC Conference, Association for Computing Machinery, New York.[McRoy 92] McRoy S., ing Multiple Knowledge Sources for Word Sense Discrimination, Com-putational Linguistics, vol. 18, num. 1.[Miller 90] Miller G., 1990.Five papers on WordNet,Special Issue of International Journal of Lexi-cography 3(4).[Miller & Teibel 91] Miller G. and Teibel D., 1991.A proposal for Lexical Disambiguation.Proceed-ings of DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop, 395-399, Pacific Grove, California. [Miller et al. 93] Miller G. Leacock C., Randee T. and Bunker R., 1993.A Semantic Concordance. Pro-ceedings of the 3rd DARPA Workshop on Human Language Technology, 303-308, Plainsboro, New Jersey.[Miller et al. 94] Miller G., Chodorow M., Landes S., Leacock C. and Thomas R., 1994. Using a Se-mantic Concordance for Sense Identification. Proceedings of ARPA Workshop on Human Lan-guage Technology, 232-235.[Rada et al. 89] Rada R., Mili H., Bicknell E. and Blettner M., 1989.Development an Applicationof a Metric on Semantic Nets.IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, vol. 19, no. 1, 17-30.[Resnik 93] Resnik P., 1993.Semantic Classes and Syntactic Ambiguity.Proceedings of ARPA Work-shop on Human Language Technology, 303-308. Plainsboro, New Jersey.[Resnik 95] Resnik P., 1995.Disambiguating Noun Groupings with Respect to WordNet Senses.Pro-ceedings of the Third Workshop on Very Large Corpora, MIT. Cambridge, Massachusetts. [Ribas 95] Ribas F., 1995.On learning more Appropriate Selectional Restrictions. Proceedings of the Seventh Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguis-tics, 112-118, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.[Richarson et al. 94] Richarson R., Smeaton A.F. and Murphy J., ing WordNet as a Kown-ledge Base for Measuring Semantic Similarity between Words. Working Paper CA-1294, School of Computer Applications, Dublin City University. Dublin, Ireland.[Rigau 94] Rigau G., 1994.An experiment on Automantic Semantic Tagging of Dictionary Senses.WorkShop "The Future of Dictionary", Aix-les-Bains, France.[Rigau & Agirre 95] Rigau G., Agirre E., 1995.Disambiguating bilingual nominal entries against WordNet. Seventh European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information, ESSLLI'95, Barcelona.[Schütze 92] Schütze H., 1992.Context Space. Workshop Notes of Fall Session of Statistically-Based Natural Language Processing Techniques, AAAI'92.[Sussna 93] Sussna M., 1993.Word Sense Disambiguation for Free-text Indexing Using a Massive Se-mantic Network.Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. Arlington, Virginia USA.[Voorhees 93] Voorhees E., ing WordNet to Disambiguate Word Senses for Text Retrival. Pro-ceedings of the Sixteenth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and De-velopement in Information Retrieval, pages 171-180, PA.[Wilks et al. 93] Wilks Y., Fass D., Guo C., McDonald J., Plate T. and Slator B., 1993.Providing Ma-chine Tractable Dictionary Tools.Semantics and the Lexicon(Pustejovsky J. ed.), 341-401. [Yarowsky 92] Yarowsky, D., 1992.Word-Sense Disambiguation Using Statistical Models of Roget's Categories Trained on Large Corpora.Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Com-putational Linguistics (Coling'92). Nantes, France.[Yarowsky 93] Yarowsky, D., 1993.One sense per Collocation. Proceedings of ARPA Workshop on Human Language Technology, 266-271, Plainsboro, New Jersey.• Compute the upper bound of this method using WordNet.How correct this methodology can be? That is, words belonging to the same narrow context in SemCor can represent distant correct concepts in WordNet (having other incorrect ones closer).7 ConclusionThe automatic method for the disambiguation of nouns presented in this paper is ready to use in any general domain, free-running text, given part of speech tags. It does not need any training and uses word sense tags from WordNet, a widely used lexical data base. The algorithm is theo-retically motivated, and offers a general measure of the semantic relatedness for any number of nouns.Conceptual Density has been used for other tasks apart from the disambiguation of free-run-ning test. Its application for automatic spelling correction is outlined in [Agirre et al. 94]. It was also used on Computational Lexicography, enriching dictionary senses with semantic tags ex-tracted from WordNet [Rigau 94], or linking bilingual dictionaries to WordNet [Rigau and Agirre 95].In the experiments, the algorithm disambiguated four texts (more than 9,000 words long) of SemCor, a subset of the Brown corpus. The results were obtained automatically by comparing the tags in SemCor with those computed by the algorithm. This allows the comparison with other disambiguation methods. Two other methods, [Sussna 93] and [Yarowsky 92], were also tried on the same texts, showing that our algorithm performs better.The results are promising, considering the difficulty of the task (free running text, large num-ber of senses per word in WordNet), and the lack of any discourse structure of the texts. Two kinds of results can be obtained: the specific sense or a coarser, file level, tag. AcknowledgementsWe wish to thank all the staff of the CRL and specially Jim Cowie, Joe Guthtrie, Louise Guth-rie and David Farwell. We would also like to thank Ander Murua, who provided mathematical assistance, Xabier Arregi, Jose Mari Arriola, Xabier Artola, Arantxa Diaz de Ilarraza, Kepa Sara-sola, and Aitor Soroa from the Computer Science Department of EHU and Francesc Ribas, Hora-cio Rodríguez and Alicia Ageno from the Computer Science Department of UPC. BIBLIOGRAPHY[Agirre et al. 94] Agirre E., Arregi X., Diaz de Ilarraza A. and Sarasola K., 1994.Conceptual Distance and Automatic Spelling Correction. Workshop on Speech recognition and handwriting. Leeds, England.[Church et al. 91] Church K., Gale W., Hanks P. and Hindle D., ing Statistics in Lexical Analysis.Lexical Acquisition: Exploiting On-line Resources to Build a Lexicon. Zernik U. Ed.Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, publishers. Hillsdale, New Jersey.[Cowie et al. 92] Cowie J., Guthrie J., Guthrie L., 1992.Lexical Disambiguation using Simulated an-nealing. Proceedings of DARPA WorkShop on Speech and Natural Language, 238-242, New York.[Francis & Kucera 67] Francis S. and Kucera H., putational analisys of present-day Ameri-can English, Providence, RI: Brown University Press.[Gale et al. 93] Gale W., Church K. and Yarowsky D., 1993.A Method for Disambiguating Word Sense sin a Large Corpus. Computers and the Humanities, n. 26.[Guthrie et al. 93] Guthrie L., Guthrie J. and Cowie J., 1993.Resolving Lexical Ambiguity,. Memo-Table 4: comparison with [Sussna 93]6 Future WorkInitially, we would like to carry out a study on whether there is or is not a correlation between correct and erroneous sense assignations and the degree of Conceptual Density computed by for-mula 3. If this was the case, the error rate could be further decreased by setting a certain threshold for Conceptual Density values for winning senses.There are other factors that could increase the performance of our algorithm:• Work on coherent chunks of text.Unfortunately any information about discourse structure is absent in SemCor, apart from sen-tence endings. If coherent pieces of discourse were taken as input, both performance and efficien-cy of the algorithm might improve. The performance would gain from the fact that sentences from unrelated topics would not be considered in the disambiguation window. We think that ef-ficiency could also be improved if the algorithm worked on entire coherent chunks instead of one word at a time.• Extend and improve the semantic data.WordNet lacks cross-categorial semantic relations, which could be very useful for extending the notion of Conceptual Density of nouns to Conceptual Density of words. Apart from extend-ing disambiguation to verbs, adjectives and adverbs, cross-categorial relations would allow the algorithm better capture the relations among senses and provide firmer grounds for disambigu-ating.If Conceptual Density takes into account global relations among words, it may be advanta-geous to combine it with other sources of knowledge (both corpus-based or MRD-based) such as syntactic cues, word frequencies, collocations, selectional restrictions [Yarowsky 93], [Ribas 95],and so on. (c.f. [McRoy 92]). For instance, [Richardson et al. 94] defines conceptual similarity be-tween two senses based on WordNet and informational measures taken from corpora, but does not give any evaluation of their method.• Tune the sense distinctions to the level best suited for the application.On the one hand, the sense distinctions made by WordNet 1.4 are not always satisfactory and,obviously, WordNet 1.4 is not a complete lexical Database. For instance, the three senses of abobe and the lack of connections among them, which are fixed up in WordNet 1.5. On the other hand,our algorithm is not designed to work on the file level, e.g. if the sense level is unable to distin-guish among two senses, the file level also fails, even if both senses were from the same file. If the senses were collapsed at the file level, the coverage and precision of the algorithm at the file level might be better.12.Initial mutual constraint size is 10 and window size is 41. Meronymic links are also considered. All the links have the same weigth.%Cover.Prec.C.Densi-tyFile100.070.1Sense60.1Sussna File100.064.5Sense 52.3The raw results presented here seem to be poor when compared to those shown in [Hearst 91], [Gale et al. 93] and [Yarowsky 92]. We think that several factors make the comparison diffi-cult. Most of those works focus on a selected set of a few words, generally with a couple of senses of very different meaning (coarse-grained distinctions), and for which their algorithm could gather enough evidence. On the contrary, we tested our method with all the nouns in a subset of an unrestricted public domain corpus (more than 9.000 words), making fine-grained distinctions among all the senses in WordNet.[Guthrie et al. 93] tested their method in similar conditions to ours, but without performing an extensive and automatic testing. The results reported there seem to be lower than those shown here. In an experiment with 50 sample sentences from LDOCE, 47% of the words were correctly disambiguated to the sense level, and 72% to the homograph level (our file level would stand be-tween their homograph and sense levels).An approach that uses hierarchical knowledge is that of [Resnik 95], which additionally uses the information content of each concept gathered from corpora. Unfortunately he applies his method on a different task, that of disambiguating sets of related nouns. The evaluation is done on a set of related nouns from Roget's Thesaurus tagged by hand. The fact that some senses were discarded because the human judged them not reliable makes comparison even more difficult.In order to compare our approach we decided to implement [Yarowsky 92] and [Sussna 93],and test them on our texts. For [Yarowsky 92] we had to adapt it to work with WordNet. His method relies on cooccurrence data gathered on Roget's Thesaurus semantic categories. Instead,on our experiment we use saliency values 9 based on the lexicographic file tags in SemCor (see Figure 4). The results for a window size of 50 are those shown in table 310. The precision attained by our algorithm is higher. To compare figures better consider the results in table 4, were the cov-erage of our algorithm was easily extended using the version presented below, increasing recall to 70.1%.Table 3: comparison with [Yarowsky 92]From the methods based on Conceptual Distance, [Sussna 93] is the most similar to ours. Suss-na disambiguates several documents from a public corpus using WordNet. The test set was tagged by hand, allowing more than one correct senses for a single word. The method he uses has to overcome a combinatorial explosion 11 controlling the size of the window and “freezing”the senses for all the nouns preceding the noun to be disambiguated.In order to freeze the win-ning sense Sussna's algorithm is forced to make a unique choice. When Conceptual Distance is not able to choose a single sense, he has to choose one at random.Conceptual Density overcomes the combinatorial explosion extending the notion of concep-tual distance from a pair of words to n words, and therefore can yield more than one correct sense for a word. For comparison, we altered our algorithm to also make random choices when unable to choose a single sense. We applied the algorithm Sussna considers best, discarding the factors that do not affect performance significantly 12, and obtain the results in table 4.9.We tried both mutual information and association ratio, and the later performed better.10.The results of our algorithm are those for window size 30, file matches and overall.11.In our replication of his experiment the mutual constraint for the first 10 nouns (the optimal window size according to his experiments) of file br-r05 had to deal with more than 200.000 synset pairs.%Cover.Prec.RecallC.Densi-ty86.271.261.4Yarowsk y100.064.064.0Figure 11: complete disambiguation and partial disambiguation5.2.6 file vs. senseWordNet synsets can be grouped by the lexicographic files they are coming from (e.g.ACT, ANIMAL, FOOD,etc.) Both file matches and synset matches are interesting to count. While the sense level gives a fine grained measure of the algorithm, the file level gives an indication of the performance if we were interested in a less precise level of disambiguation. The granularity of the sense distinctions made in [Hearst, 91], [Gale et al. 93] and [Yarowsky 92], also called homo-graphs in [Guthrie et al. 93], can be compared to that of the file level in WordNet.For instance, in [Yarowsky 92] two homographs of the noun bass are considered, one char-acterised as MUSIC and the other as ANIMAL,INSECT. In WordNet, the 6 senses of bass related to music appear in the following files:ARTIFACT,ATTRIBUTE,COMMUNICATION and PERSON. The 3 senses related to animals appear in the files ANIMAL and FOOD. This means that while the homograph level in [Yarowsky 92] distinguishes two sets of senses, the file level in WordNet dis-tinguishes six sets of senses, still finer in granularity.The following figure shows that, as expected, file-level matches attain better performance (71.2% overall and 53.9% for polysemic nouns) than sense-level matches.Figure 12: sense level v. file level5.3 Comparison with other worksFigure 10: context size and different filesEach text is structured as a list of sentences, lacking any indication of headings, sections, para-graph endings, text changes, etc. This means that the program gathers the context without know-ing whether the nouns actually occur in coherent pieces of text. This could account for the fact that in br-r05, composed mainly by short pieces of dialogues, the best results are for window size 10, the average size of pieces of this dialogue. Longer windows will include other pieces of unre-lated dialogues that could cause the disambiguation process to go astray.In addition, SemCor files can be composed of different pieces of unrelated texts without ex-plicit indication. For instance, two of our test files (br-a01 and br-b20) are collections of short jour-nalistic texts. This could explain why the performance of br-a01 decreases for windows of 30nouns. For most nouns the context window would include nouns from other articles.The polysemy level could also affect the performance, but in our texts less polysemy does not correlate with better performance. Nevertheless the actual nature of each text is certainly an im-portant factor, difficult to measure, which could account for the different behaviour on its own.For instance, the poor performance on text br-j09 could be explained by its technical nature. Fur-ther analysis of the errors, contexts and relations found among the words would be needed to be more conclusive.In order to give an overall view of the performance, we consider the average behaviour for formulating our conclusions leaving aside these considerations.5.2.5 partial disambiguationThe disambiguation algorithm has an intermediate outcome between completely disambigu-ating a word or failing to do so. In some cases the algorithm just manages to discard some senses of the word, but can not choose a single sense. The automatic evaluation program does not take these cases into account, treating them as failures to disambiguate. While the number of words that are not disambiguated decreases for the benefit of completely disambiguated as the window size is bigger, the number of partially disambiguated words stays the same (see Figure 11).3035404550Window Sizeaveragebr-r05br-j09br-b20br-a01(Press: Reportage)(Press: Editorial)(Learned:Science)(Humour)Figure 8: meronymy and hyperonymy5.2.3 global nhyp is as good as local nhyp.There was an aspect of the density formula which we could not decide analytically and which we wanted to check experimentally. It refers to the way nhyp is calculated (c.f. formula 2). If nhyp is computed using formula 2, we call it local nhyp , because it has to be computed for every concept of WordNet. Rather than using this local nhyp , it would be more desirable, specially for efficiency,if only one global nhyp were used for all the concepts. This global nhyp can be computed using the whole noun hierarchy. Depending on which nhyp is chosen will either be the real number of de-scendant senses for c (for local nhyp ) or and estimation based on the global nhyp .To decide whether using local nhyp or global nhyp affects the performance, we ran parallel experiments using both. The results (see Figure 9) show that there is only a slight difference be-tween them. Therefore,global nhyp was used in the experiments.Figure 9: local nhyp vs. global nhyp5.2.4 context size: different behaviour for each textDeciding what context size was better for disambiguating using Conceptual Density is an im-portant issue. One could assume that the more context there is, the better would be the disambig-uation results. Our experiments show that each file from SemCor has a different behaviour (see Figure 10). While br-b20 shows clear improvement for bigger window sizes, br-r05 gets a local maximum at a size window of 10 nouns, etc.38394041424344Window Sizehyper.hyper.+meron.Figure 7: precision and coverageThe figure also shows the guessing baseline, given by selecting senses at random. First, it was calculated analytically using the polysemy counts for the files, which gave 30% of precision. This result was checked experimentally running an algorithm ten times over the files, which con-firmed the previous result.We also compare the performance of our algorithm with that of the most frequent heuristic.The frequency counts for each sense were collected using the rest of SemCor, and then apply the results to the four texts. While the precision is similar to that of our algorithm, the coverage is 8%worse.All the data for the best window size can be seen in table 2.Table 2: overall data for the best window sizeThe precision and coverage shown in all preceding plots were relative to the polysemous nouns only. If we also include monosemic nouns precision raises from 43% to 64.5%, and the cov-erage increases from 79.6% to 86.2%.5.2.2 meronymy does not improve performance as expected.One parameter controls whether meronymic relations, in addition to the hypo/hypernymy relation, are taken into account or not. In principle the more relations are taken in account, the better density would capture semantic relatedness and, therefore, the better the expected results.The experiments (see Figure 8) showed that there is not much difference; adding meronymic in-formation does not improve precision, and raises coverage only 3% (approximately). Neverthe-less, in the results reported, meronymy and hypernymy were used.%w=30Cover.Prec.Recall overallFile 86.271.261.4Sense 64.555.5polyse-mic File79.653.942.8Sense 4334.230405060708051015202530Window Sizesemantic densitymost frequentmost frequentguessing semantic densityCoverage:Precision:<wd>operation</wd><sn>[noun.state.0]</sn><tag>NN</tag><wd>Police_Department</wd><sn>[noun.group.0]</sn><tag>NN</tag><wd>prison_farms</wd><mwd>prison_farm</mwd><msn>[noun.arti-fact.0]</msn><tag>NN</tag></s>Figure 5: Semcor formatAfter erasing the irrelevant information we get the following words6:jury administration operation Police_Departmentprison_farmFigure 6: input wordsThe algorithm then produces a file with sense tags that can be compared automatically with the original file (see figure 5). An automatic program counts sense level matches and file level matches (see Section 5.2.6) for the three classes of results: complete disambiguation, partial dis-ambiguation and failure to disambiguate. For the results shown in Section 5.2, partial disambig-uation was considered as failure to disambiguate.5.2 Results and evaluationOne of the goals of the experiments was to decide among different variants of the Conceptual Density formula. Results are given averaging the results of the four files. Partial disambiguation is treated as failure to disambiguate. Precision7 is given in terms of polysemous nouns only. Plots are drawn against the size of the context8 that was taken into account when disambiguating.5.2.1 evaluation of the resultsFigure 7 shows that, overall, coverage of polysemous nouns increases significantly with the window size, without losing precision. Coverage tends to stabilised near 80%, getting little im-provement for window sizes bigger than 20.6.Note that in the input texts we already have the knowledge that police department and prison farm are compound nouns, and that the lemma of prison farms is prison farm.7.Precision is defined as the ratio between correctly disambiguated senses and total number of answered senses. Coverage is given by the ratio between total number of answered senses and total number of senses. Recall is defined as the ratio between correctly disambiguated senses and the total number of senses.8.context size is given in terms of nouns.procedure is repeated. At this point we start afresh with all senses of the words in the window.Back in the example, the algorithm has disambiguated operation_3,police_ department_0,jury_1 and prison_farm_0 (because this word is monosemous in Word-Net), but the word administration is still ambiguous. The output of the algorithm , thus, will be that the sense for operation in this context, i.e. for this window, is operation_3. The disambig-uation window will move rightwards, and the algorithm will try to disambiguate Police_Department taking as context administration,operation,prison_farms and whichever noun is first in the next sentence.5 The Experiments5.1 The textsWe selected four texts from SemCor at random: a press report (br-a01), an editorial (br-b20), a sci-entific text (br-j09) and a humorous article (br-r05). Table 1 shows some statistics for each texttext words nouns nouns in WN monosemousbr-a012079564464149 (32%)br-b202153453377128 (34%)br-j092495620586205 (34%)br-r052407457431120 (27%)total913420941858602 (32%)Table 1An average of 11% of all the nouns in these four texts were not found in WordNet. According to this data, the percentage of monosemous nouns in these texts is bigger (32% average) than the one calculated for the open-class words from the whole SemCor (27.2% according to [Miller et al. 94]). [Sussna 93] presents a similar degree of polysemy for nouns (34% of monosemous nouns), but in a different text collection.These texts play both the role of input files (without semantic tags) and (tagged) test files. When they are treated as input files, we throw away all non-noun words, only leaving the lem-mas of the nouns present in WordNet. The program does not deal with syntactic ambiguity, as the part of speech information is in the input files. Multiple word entries are also available in the input files, as long as they are present in WordNet. Proper nouns have a similar treatment: we only consider those that can be found in WordNet. Figure 5 shows the way the algorithm would input the example sentence in figure 3 after stripping non-noun words:<s><wd>jury</wd><sn>[noun.group.0]</sn><tag>NN</tag><wd>administration</wd><sn>[noun.act.0]</sn><tag>NN</tag>administration_1, governance, government, establishment, brass...jury_2=>body=> people=> group, groupingFigure 4: partial lattice for the sample sentenceIn this example only hypo/hypernym links are shown. The concepts in WordNet are repre-sented as lists of synonyms. Word senses to be disambiguated are shown in bold. Underlined concepts are those selected with highest Conceptual Density. Monosemic nouns have sense num-ber 0.2) Once the lattice is completed, the program starts the disambiguation loop until there are no words which remains to be disambiguated. For each loop the program computes the Conceptual Density of every concept in the lattice. For instance<administrative_unit> has underneath 3 senses to be disambiguated and a subhierarchy size of 96 producing a Conceptual Density of 0.256. Meanwhile,<body>, with 2 senses and subhierarchy size of 86, has a Conceptual Density of 0.062.3) The concept with the highest Conceptual Density (<administrative_unit> in our ex-ample ) is selected.4) In this step two actions are performed. Firstly the program follows hyponym chains down from the concepts selected in step 3 (<administrative_unit>)and the senses of the words found in the bottom are selected as the correct senses (operation_3,police_department_0 and jury_1 are the senses chosen for operation,Police_Department and jury). All these nouns are considered to be disambiguated, even if more than one sense of a given word are below the con-cept selected in step 3. Lastly we build the lattice again as in step 1, but only considering the nouns not yet disambiguated. After that, the loop continues in step 2. In the example, the lattice is built for the senses of administration and prison_farms, but their senses yield non-overlapping lattices (for instance the lattice for administration_1 would be the same as in figure 4 without jury_2), and therefore the loop terminates and we continue in step 5.5) The program has three possible outcomes for the noun in the middle of the window; one sense has been selected (disambiguated), more than one sense has been selected (partially disam-biguated, several senses of the noun are under the same selected concept) or the selection of a sense has been impossible due to the lack of information in the context.After disambiguating the word in the current window the window moves forward, and the。

C.5.1 静置设备制作工程5.1.1 本章定额是以施工企业所属的设备制造厂的加工条件为基础编制的，适用于碳钢、低合金钢、不锈钢I、II类金属容器、塔器、热交换器的整体、分段、分片制作，以及容器、塔器、热交换器的人孔、手孔、接管、鞍座、支座、地脚螺栓、设备法兰等的制作与装配。

5.1.2 本章定额内的容器、塔器、热交换器制作主体项目均不包括以下工作内容: 5.1.2.1 接管、人孔、手孔、鞍座、支座的制作与装配；5.1.2.2 各种角钢圈、支承圈及加固圈的煨制；5.1.2.3 地脚螺栓制作；5.1.2.4 胎具的制作、安装与拆除；5.1.2.5 设备附设的梯子、平台、栏杆、扶手的制作安装；5.1.2.6 压力试验与无损探伤检验；5.1.2.7 预热、后热与整体热处理；5.1.3 下述内容可按外购件另计:5.1.3.1 平焊法兰、对焊法兰、弯头、异径管、标准紧固件、液面计、电机、减速机等；5.1.3.2 塔器浮伐，卡子；5.1.3.3 未列入国家、各省、市产品目录，以图纸委托加工的铸件、锻件、双头高强度螺栓及特殊机械加工件；5.1.4 容器、塔器、热交换器各结构组成部件计算主材消耗量时，应以金属净重量区分结构组成，按规定的主材利用率分别计算，详见本册附录一。

5.1.5 金属材质是分别以碳钢、低合金钢、不锈钢的制造工艺进行编制的。

除超低碳不锈钢按不锈钢定额基价乘以系数1.35调整外，其余材质不得调整定额基价。

如设计采用复合钢板时，按复合层的材质执行相应定额项目。

5.1.6 设计结构与定额取定的结构不同时，按下列规定计算:5.1.6.1 金属容器制作:1 当碳钢、不锈钢平底平盖容器有折边时，执行椭圆形封头容器相应定额项目；当碳钢、不锈钢锥底平盖容器有折边时，执行锥底椭圆封头容器的相应项目。

2 无折边球形双封头容器制作，执行同类材质的锥底椭圆封头容器的相应定额项目。

3 碟形封头容器制作，执行椭圆封头容器相应项目。