最新东南大学研究生英语雅思写作下学期大作业

1/10/2016 A卷小作文：柱图男女同学在课外参加体育运动的时长比例。

B卷：表格，讲述八个国家1990年和2000年千人拥有摩托车的数量A卷大作文：Difference between countries are becoming less evidentrecently. People can see the same films, brands, fashion, advertisementsand TV channels. To what extent do disadvantage outweighadvantages?B卷大作文：Some people think government should invest more moneyin teaching science than other subjects in order for a country to developand progress. To what extent do you agree or disagree?1/14/2016 小作文：大作文： A recent newspaper article reports that a 14-year-old boywho seriously destroyed his school got a punishment to clean streetsinstead of sent to the prison, do you think this is right? Or the youngcriminals should be sent to the jail.1/23/2016 小作文：Bar chart描述英国2003年到2006年，5个不同年龄段人用互联网的比率。

大作文：The leaders or directors of organizations are often olderpeople. But some people say that young people can also be a leader. Towhat extent do you agree or disagree?1/17/2016 小作文：三个饼图描述咖啡的生产、消费、和利润流向大作文：The news media have become more inflential in people'slives, some people think it's a negative development, to what extend doyou agree or disagree?1/30/2016 小作文：地图题一个office building的现构造和设计改造后的样子大作文：In some cities, the government has tried to reduce traffic. Forinstance, they imposed a congestion tax during rush hour. Do you thinkthis development is positive or negative?2/13/2016 小作文：柱图大作文：In some countries, there has been an increase in the numberof parents who educate their children themselves at home instead ofsending them to school. Do you think the advantages of this outweighthe disadvantages?2/18/2016 小作文：线图大作文：Human activities have negative effects on plants and animalspecies. Some people think that it is too late to do anything about thisproblem. Other people believe that effective measures can be taken toimprove this situation. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2/20/2016 小作文：混合线图加饼图大作文：Nowadays, there is a large amount of advertising aimed atchildren. Some people think they have negative effects on children andshould be banned. Do you agree or disagree?2/27/2016 小作文：线图大作文：In many countries women are allowed to take maternityleave from their jobs during the first few months after the birth of theirbaby. Does advantages outweigh disadvantages?3/5/2016 小作文：线图大作文：We can get knowledge from news. But some people even think weshould not trust the journalists. What do you think? And what do youthink are the important qualities that a journalist should have?3/12/2016 小作文：表格大作文：In modern life, it is no longer necessary to use animals asfood and in other products like clothing and medicines. To what extentdo you agree or disagree?3/19/2016 小作文：柱状Distribution of employment among agriculture, services, industries inthree countries in 1980 and projected distribution in 2020.大作文：Some people think health care should be free for everyone, while othersthink they should pay medical costs for themselves. Discuss both sidesand give your own opinion.3/31/2016 小作文：表格：英国某城市不同地区居住不同类型的房子所占得百分比大作文：Today many children spend a lot of time playing computer games andlittle time on sports. Why is it? Is it a positive or negative development? 4/2/2016 小作文：柱状关于人均看电视的时间的研究大作文：Multicultural societies, where people of different ethnic groups livetogether, can bring more benefits than drawbacks to a country. To whatextent do you agree or disagree?小作文：表格4/16/2016大作文：There are more new towns nowadays. It is more important to includepublic parks and sports facilities than shopping centres for individual tospend their free time. To what extent do you agree or disagree?4/21/2016 小作文：表格：五个国家的对比大作文：The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage tothe natural environment. What are the causes of this? What can be doneto solve this problem?4/30/2016 小作文：混合图。

雅思写作2024年3月小作文英文回答：The combination of AI and human capabilities has indeed revolutionized various aspects of our lives. It is an ongoing process that has the potential to further transform our world in numerous ways.Firstly, AI has the ability to enhance humancapabilities by automating routine tasks, freeing up individuals to focus on more complex and creative endeavors. For instance, in the field of medicine, AI-powereddiagnostic tools can assist doctors in analyzing medical images and identifying potential health issues, allowing them to provide more accurate and timely diagnoses. Thisnot only improves patient outcomes but also allows healthcare professionals to spend more time interactingwith patients and providing personalized care.Secondly, AI can augment human intelligence byproviding access to vast amounts of data and information. Through machine learning algorithms, AI systems can sift through large datasets to identify patterns andcorrelations that are often invisible to the human eye. This enhanced intelligence can be leveraged in fields such as finance, where AI-powered algorithms can analyze market data and make predictions, or in scientific research, where AI can assist in the discovery of new drugs and treatments.Thirdly, AI can lead to the development of new products and services that were previously impossible. For instance, in the field of transportation, self-driving cars are a result of the convergence of AI and robotics. These vehicles have the potential to reduce accidents, improve traffic flow, and provide new mobility options for individuals who are unable to drive themselves. Similarly, in the field of entertainment, AI-powered virtual assistants can generate personalized recommendations for movies, music, and other forms of media, enhancing the user experience.However, it is important to note that the integrationof AI and human capabilities is not without its challenges. One major concern is the potential for job displacement as AI systems become more sophisticated and capable of performing tasks that were previously carried out by humans. It is crucial that governments and businesses invest in retraining and upskilling programs to ensure that workers are equipped with the necessary skills to navigate the changing job market.Moreover, there are ethical considerations that need to be addressed as AI becomes more deeply embedded in our lives. For example, the use of AI-powered surveillance systems raises questions about privacy and civil liberties. It is essential that clear regulations and ethicalguidelines are established to ensure that AI is used responsibly and in a manner that respects human rights and values.In conclusion, the integration of AI and human capabilities is a transformative force that has thepotential to reshape our world in profound ways. By leveraging the unique abilities of both humans and machines,we can create a future that is more efficient, intelligent, and inclusive. However, it is important to approach this integration with careful consideration and ensure that we mitigate potential risks and harness the full benefits of this powerful technology.中文回答：人工智能和人类能力的结合确实彻底改变了我们生活的方方面面。

雅思Academic Task范文5篇（中英双语）第一篇：题目背景（Background）：假设任务一是关于描述柱状图，图表显示了不同国家的人口增长情况。

英文范文（English Version）：The given bar chart illustrates the population growth in various countries over a period of 50 years from 1970 to 2020. The countries included in the chart are China, India, the United States, Brazil, and Nigeria.From the chart, it is evident that China had the largest population in 1970, with approximately 800 million people. Over the next five decades, China's population steadily increased, reaching a peak of around 1.4 billion by 2020.India, on the other hand, had the second-largest population in 1970, with approximately 600 million people. Unlike China, India's population growth was more rapid, surpassing China's population in the early 2000s. By 2020, India had the highest population among the countries shown in the chart, with nearly 1.5 billion people.The United States, Brazil, and Nigeria had significantly smaller populations in 1970, ranging from 100 million to 150 million people. Over the years, all three countries experienced population growth, with the United States and Brazil showing relatively steady increases, whileNigeria's population surged rapidly. By 2020, the United States had a population of approximately 330 million, Brazil had around 220 million, and Nigeria had nearly 250 million.In conclusion, the bar chart highlights the population growth trends in China, India, the United States, Brazil, and Nigeria over a 50-year period. China and India, in particular, witnessed substantial increases in their populations, with India eventually surpassing China as the most populous country by 2020.中文范文（Chinese Version）：给定的柱状图展示了从1970年到2020年50年间各个国家的人口增长情况。

2024 3月9号雅思小作文英文回答：The letter inquires about the reasons for choosing a specific university course and the ways in which the course can help the writer achieve their future career goals. The writer should respond by providing detailed explanations and specific examples.中文回答：来信询问选择某一大学课程的原因，以及该课程如何帮助作者实现其未来的职业目标。

作者应在回答中提供详细的解释和具体示例。

英文回答：In response to your letter regarding my decision to pursue a university course, I would like to provide an in-depth explanation of my motivations and how this coursealigns with my future career aspirations.中文回答：针对来信中提出的关于我选择大学课程的决定，我想详细阐述我的动机，以及该课程如何与我的未来职业抱负相一致。

英文回答：I have always been fascinated by the intricate workings of the human body and the mysteries of disease. This fascination has fueled my desire to pursue a degree in medicine. The university course I have chosen offers a comprehensive curriculum that will provide me with a solid foundation in the biomedical sciences.中文回答：我一直对人体运作的复杂机制和疾病的奥秘着迷。

雅思写作大作文范文雅思写作讨论双方观点 university subjects大学科目今天我们雅思写作大作文范文的文章来研究下大学科目。

随着最近几年经济形势的下滑，就业一再成为新闻媒体报道的焦点。

有些同学表示，自己在大学学的东西高大上是高大上，但一点用处都没有。

当初还不如学一些好就业的学科。

但也有同学表示自己在过去的四年里学到了自己喜欢的东西。

虽然有一定概率毕业的时候不那么吃香，但只要做自己喜欢的事情，总有一天会变好的。

那么大学究竟是应该让学生根据自己的兴趣爱好选择专业呢？还是只提供有用的课程呢？小编搜集了一篇相应的考官范文，以供大家参考。

雅思写作大作文题目Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like. Others believe that they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future, such as those related to science and technology. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.一些人认为所有的大学学生应该学习他们喜欢的东西。

其他人则认为他们应该只能学习未来有用的学科，比如与科学和技术相关的那些。

讨论双方观点，并给出你自己的意见。

雅思写作大作文范文People have different views about how much choice students should have with regard to what they can study at university. While some argue that it would be better for students to be forced into certain key subject areas, I believe that everyone should be able to study the course of their choice.人们对于学生在大学中拥有多大的自由去选择自己所学的东西有不同的意见。

Section A Intensive Reading and WritingHow to Write with styleBy Kurt V onnegut[1] Newspaper reporters and technical writers are trained to reveal almost nothing about themselves in their writings. This makes them freaks in the world of writers, since almost all of the other ink-stained wretches in that world reveal a lot about themselves to readers. We call these revelations, accidental and intentional, elements of style.[2] These revelations tell us as readers what sort of person it is with whom we are spending time. Does the writer sound ignorant or informed, stupid or bright, crooked or honest, humorless or playful? And on and on.[3] Why should you examine your writing style with the idea of improving it? Do so as a mark of respect for your readers, whatever you’re writing. If you scribble your thoughts any which way, your readers will surely feel that you care nothing about them. They will mark you down as an egomaniac or a chowderhead -or, worse, they will stop reading you.[4] The most damning revelation you can make about yourself is that you do not know what is interesting and what is not. Don’t you yourself like or dislike writers mainly for what they choose to show you or make you think about? Did you ever admire an emptyheaded writer for his or her mastery of the language ? No.[5] So your own winning style must begin with ideas with ideas in your head.1. Find a subject you care about[6] Find a subject you care about and which you in your heart feel others shouldcare about. It is this genuine caring, and not your games with language , which will be the most compelling and seductive element in your style.[7] I am not urging you to write an novel, by the way – although I would not be sorry if you wrote one, provided you genuinely cared about something. A petition to the mayor about a pothole in front of your house or a love letter to the girl next door will do.2. Do not ramble, though[8] I won’t ramble on about that.3. Keep it simple[9] As for your use of language: Remember that two great masters of language, William Shakespeare and James Joyce, wrote sentences which were almost childlike when their subjects were most profound. “To be or not to be?” asks Shakespeare’s Hamlt. The longest word is three letters long. Joyce, when he was frisky, could put together a sentence as intricate and as glittering as a necklace for Cleopatra, but my favorite sentence in his short story , “Evelin”is this one: “She was tried.”At that point in the story, no other words could break the heart of a reader as those three words do.[10] Simplicity of language is not only reputable, but perhaps even sacred. The Bible opens with a sentence well within the writing skills of a lively fourteen-year-old: “In the beginning God created the neaven and the earth.”4. Have guts to cut[11] It may be that you, too, are capable of making necklaces for Cleopatra, so to speak. But your eloquence should be the servant of the ideas in your head. Your rulemight be this: If a sentence, no matter how excellent, does not illuminate your subject in some new and useful way, scratch it out.5. Sound like yourself[12] The writing style which is most natural for you is bound to echo the speech you heard when a child. English was Conrad’s third language , and much that seems piquant in his use of English was no doubt colored by his first language, which was Polish. And lucky indeed is the writer who has grown up in Ireland, for the English spoken there is so amusing and musical. I myself grew up in Indianapolis, where common speech sounds like a band saw cutting galvanized tin, and employs a vocabulary as unornamental as a monkey wrench.[13] In some of the more remote hollows of Appalachia, children still grow up hearing songs and locutions of Elizabethan times. Yes, and many Americans grow up hearing a language other than English, or an English dialect a majority of Americans cannot understand.[14] All these varieties of speech are beautiful , just as the varieties of butterflies are beautiful, No matter what your first language, you should treasure it all your life, If it happens to not be standard English, and if it shows itself when you write standard English, the result is usually delightful, like a very pretty girl with one eye that is green and one that is blue.[15] I myself find that I trust my own writing most, and others seem to trust it most , too, when I sound most like a person from Indianapolis, which is what I am. What alternatives do I have? The one most vehemently recommended by teachers has no doubt been pressed on you, as well: to write like cultivated Englishmen of acentury or more ago.6. Say what you mean[16] I used to be exasperated by exasperated by such teachers, but am no more, I understand now that all those antique essays and stories with which I was to compare my own work were not magnificent for their datedness or foreignness, but for saying precisely what their authors meant them to say. My teachers wished me to write accurately, always selecting the most effective words, and relating the words to one another unambiguously, rigidly, like parts of a machine. The teachers did not want to turn me into an Englishman after all. They hoped that I would become understandable—and therefore understood. And there went my dream of doing with words what words what Pablo Picasso did with paint or what any number of jazz idols did with music. If I broke all the rules of punctuation, has words mean whatever I wanted them to mean, and strung them together higgledy- piggledy, I would simply not be understood. So you , too, had better avoid Picasso-style writing, if you have something worth saying and wish to be understood.[17] Readers want our pages to look very muck like pages they have seen before. Why? This is because they themselves have a tough job to do, and they need all the help they can get from us.7. Pity the readers[18] They have to identify thousands of little marks on paper, and make sense of them immediately. They have to read, an art so difficult that most people don’t really master it even after having studied it all through grade school and high school–twelve long years.[19] So this discussion must finally acknowledge that out stylistic options as writers are neither numerous nor glamorous, since out readers are bound to be such imperfect artists. Our audience requires us to be sympathetic and patient readers, ever willing to simplify and clarify- whereas we would rater soar high above the crowd, singing like nightingales.[20] That is the bad news. The good news is that we Americans are governed under a unique Constitution, which allows us to write whatever we please without fear of punishment. So the most meaningful aspect of out styles, which is what we choose to write about, is utterly unlimited.8. For really detailed advice[21] For a discussion of literary style in a narrower sense, in a more technical sense, I recommend to your attention The Elements of style, by William Strunk, Jr. and E. B. White. E. B. White is, of course, one of the most admirable literary stylists this county has so far produced. You should realize, too, that no one would care how well or badly Mr. White expressed himself, if he did not have perfectly enchanting things to say.Part I Comprehension of the Text1. What is Kurt V onnegut arguing in his writing? What’s his understanding of writing style?2. What kind of language style does he use in this essay?3. What does the author mean by mentioning “Picasso style and jazz style”?4. Does the author practice what he preaches in his writing?5. What does the author suggest at the end of this essay?Part II VocabularyA. Choose the one from the four choices that best explains the underlined word or phrase.1. He finds himself involved with a crooked businessman and a group of thugs who attempt to sabotage his invention.A. distortedB. twistedC. dishonestD. deceptive2. He remembered how proud and haughty her face was and scratched out the word he had written.A. polishedB. perishedC. deletedD. depleted3. If you choose credit counseling as a strategy for your debt, you must make sure you’re choosing a reputable company and not a scammer.A. well-knownB. professionalC. reliableD. respectable4. He added that nature gave him everything he need as a champion-unusual strength, stamina, a terrific punch, and plenty of guts.A. wisdomB. courageC. wealthD. charm5. Qualitative research strategies of interview, participant observation, and field notes were used to illuminate the topic.A. reinforceB. decorateC. paraphraseD. interpret6. He suddenly found himself exasperated by slow moving pedestrians, and, like a true New Yorker, began darting around them instead.A. provokedB. offendedC. annoyedD. disappointed7. As one moves through this colourful world of Indian handicrafts, many intricate paintings and sculptures catch the eye.A. charmingB. elegantC. delicateD. complicated8. Many judges will acknowledge that one of the most difficult aspects of a criminal case is sentencing.A. admitB. assertC. proveD. agree9. Its charming towns and picturesque landscapes provide the enchantingsurroundings for your sparkling romantic holiday treat.A. magnificentB. compellingC. genuineD. glamorous10. Circumstances beyond my control have left me with no alternative but to returnmy vehicle to lender.A. meansB. optionC. fashionD. mannerB. Choose the one from the four choices that best completes the sentence.1. The infinite beauty of a reverse navel ring ___________with dual colors in the trio of stones that fill the center of the continuous infinity design.A. twinklesB. simmersC. flashesD. glitters2. He was early _____________as a man of ability and maturity of character, a promise fully realized in his many great achievements.A. marked downB. turned downC. looked upD. agreed upon3. When he was not quite able to follow, Newton just took the pad from his friend’s hands and _____________his own remarks into the notebook.A. stumbledB. scrabbledC. scribbledD. scrupled4. There are many reports of the Prophet’s mastery of the Arabic tongue together with his _________ and fluency of speech.A. eloquenceB. sequenceC. frequencyD. delinquency5. These stories and the principles principles drawn from them are ___________toyou for your benefit and learning and enjoyment.A. commentedB. commendedC. commandedD. commenced6. Some applicants may _________ on about themselves in a manner that may appear self-indulgent and not very appealing to the committee.A. rambleB. tumbleC. complainD. chatter7. Cherry tomatoes have a strong taste and are very juicy-this makes them ideal for creating this ___________sauce.A. vehementB. friskyC. disgustingD. piquant8. To help soldiers _________ data from drones, satellites and ground sensors, the U.S. military now issues the iPod Touch.A. take advantage ofB. make sense ofC. take notice ofD. make use of9. As the same way, we need to listen to some fascinating English materials as many as possible, so that we can ___________ our interest to learn it.A. motivateB. cultivateC. advocateD. retaliate10. Her 8-year-old daughter was adorable as she got to meet her __________, Simon, whom she praises for his negativity.A. imageB. idiotC. idolD. tokenC. Complete each sentence with the proper form of the word given in theparenthesis.1. Many philosophers hold ________ about mental properties, and manyphilosophers hold humility about fundamental physical properties. ( reveal )2. By the mid 20th century, humans had achieved a ________ of technology sufficient to leave the atmosphere of the Earth for the first time and explore space. ( master )3. Despite the apparent ______ of the water molecule, liquid water is one of the mostmysterious substances in out world. ( simple )4. On this level, a common protocol to structure the data is used; the format of the information exchange is ________ defined. ( ambiguity)5. It was expected that these images will look charming and __________, but thefinal result was a bit different. ( glamour)6. I find it hard to be _________ about a man who used his wealth and power tomolest children and to then evade justice. ( sympathy)7. The question is whether or not it is possible to bottle these pheromones and use them for our own _________ advantage. ( seduce)8. Despite the gruesome images on cigarette packs, a survey shows Australiansmoker are surprisingly ________ of the dangers of the habit. ( ignore)9. In several poems the reader will encounter the plain, ________ language really used by common man, and this goes straight to the heart. ( ornament)10. Many new illustrations help to _______the text and make the book moreinstructive to students and practitioners. ( clear)Part III ClozeDirections: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one suitable word or phrase for each blank in the passage.It is very difficult to arriver at a full description of style that is acceptable to all scholars. As such there are many definitions of the word style __1_________ there are scholars yet no __2_________is reached among them on what style is. Chapman is of the view that style is the product of a common relationship between language users. He _3______ said that style is not an ornament or virtue and is not __4______ to written language, or to literature or to any single aspect of language.Language is human __5_______ and used in society. No human language is fixed, uniform, or varying; all languages show internal variation. This variation sows the _6_______ feature of individuals or a group of people which is usually referred to as style. Style is popularly _7_________ to as “dress”of thought, as a person’s method of _8_______ his thought, feelings and emotions, as the manner of speech or writing. From the definition above, one can __9_______ that style is the particular way in which an individual communicates his thought which _10______ him from others.Style can _11_______ be defined as the variation in an individual’s speech which is _12________ by the situation of use. From the definition above, style is described as the variations in language usage. In _13________, style is conditioned by the manner in which an individual makes use of language.Middleton is of the view that style refers to personal idiosyncrasy, the technique of __14______ and Chatman says that style means manner-the manner in which the from executed or the content expressed. From the definitions above, it can be deduced that style is__15______ to every individual or person and it is a product of the function of language as a means of communication.1. A. as B. because C. when D. since2. A. conscience B. consistence C. conclusion D. consensus3. A. otherwise B. further C. moreover D. besides4. A. confined B. confirmed C. confronted D. confided5. A. friendly B. concerned C. specific D. related6. A. instinct B. extinct C. district D. distinct7. A. looked B. referred C. viewed D. defined8. A. expressing B. explaining C. exploring D. exploiting9. A. seduce B. induce C. deduce D. reduce10. A. extinguishes B. separates C. distributes D. distinguishes11. A. yet B. also C. either D. only12. A. occasioned B. influenced C. determined D. demonstrated13. A. contrast B. return C. addition D. essence14. A. exposure B. exposition C. disposition D. expression15. A. subject B. accessible C. unique D. essentialPart IV WritingDirections: Develop each of he following topics into an essay of about 200 words.1. The Importance of Punctuation2. The Standards of an Essay3. Essay Writing and English LearningSection B Extensive Reading and TranslationVariety and Style in Language[1] All of us change out behaviour to fit different situations. We are festive, often noisy at weddings and birthday celebrations, sympathetic at funerals, attentive at lectures, serious and respectful at religious services. Even the clothes we wear on these different occasions may vary. Our table manners are not the same at a picnic as in a restaurant or at a formal dinner party. When we speak with close friends, we are free to interrupt them and we will not be offended if they interrupt us; when we speak to employers, however, we are inclined to hear them out before saying anything ourselves. If we don’t make such adjustments, we are likely to get into trouble, We may fail to accomplish our purpose and we are almost sure to considered ill-mannered or worse. From one point of view, language is behaviour; it is part of the we act. It builds a bridge of communication without which society could not even exist. And like every other kind of behaviour, it must be adjusted to fit different contexts or situations where it is used. When we think of all the adjustments regularly made in any on e language, we speak of language variety. When we think of the adjustments any one person makes in different situations, we use the term style. [2] Among people who are used to a writing system, there is one adjustment everyone makes, They speak one way and write another way. Most speech is in the form of ordinary conversation, where speakers can stop and repeat themselves if they sense that they are being misunderstood. They are constantly monitoring themselves as their message comes across to the listeners. But writers cannot do this. (1) They often monitor what they write, of course, going back over their writing to see that it isclear and unambiguous; but this is before the communication occurs, not while it is happening. Once writers have passed their writing on to someone else, they cannot change it.[3] Speakers can use intonation, stress, and pauses to help make their meaning clear. A simple sentence like “John kept my pencil” may, by a shift in the stress and intonation patterns, single out through contrast whether John rather than someone else kept the pencil, whether John kept rather that just borrowed the pencil, or whether it was a pencil or a pen or something else that he kept.[4] (2) It is true that writers have the special tools of various punctuation marks and sometimes typographical helps like capitals, italic letters, heavy type and the like; but these do not quite take the place of the full resources of the spoken language. The sentence “Cindy only had five dollars” is not likely to be misinterpreted when spoken with light stress and no more than level pitch on “only”, but in writing it could easily be taken to mean something else. To prevent ambiguity, skillful writers could change the word order to “Cindy had only five dollars”if they wanted “only”to modify “five”. They would shift “only” to the beginning 0f the sentence if they wanted it to modify “Cindy”.[5] This simple example shows that good writers do try to avoid ambiguity. (3) As writers, they like a structure that is compact; as speakers, thinking aloud, they produce sentences that are looser, less complex, perhaps even rather jumbled. Notice, for instance, that the first sentence in the first letter to Ann Landers reads, “You have made plenty of trouble for me and I want you to know it.” Like most letters to Ann Landers, this is really talk written down. The sentence contains two ideas and treatsthem as equals. If one is really dependent upon the other, a good writer would have written “I want you to know that you have made plenty of trouble for me.”This is not to deny the effectiveness of the original sentence in this very informal letter. [6] Speech makes more use of contracted forms. “He is” (she is) and “he has” (she has ) become “he’s”(she’s); “cannot” becomes “can’t”; “they are ” become “they’re”; “it is”becomes “’tis”or “it’s”; and with a more noticeable change, “will not”becomes “won’t”. So in the conversational letters to Ann Landers, contractions abound, but in the carefully prepared manuscript speeches of the Reverend Martin Luther King and President Kennedy, there are no contracted forms.[7] Besides the difference between speech and writing there is a difference between formality and informality. A formal message is organized and well-rounded; it usually deals with a serious and important topic. Most formal language is intended to be read. Since there is no opportunity to challenge or question the writer when it is being read, the message has to be self-contained and logically ordered.[8] At the opposite pole is the language of casual and familiar speech among friends and relatives, between people who have some kind of fellow feeling for one another. The speaker or writer is simply being him-or herself. This person knows that the others involved – rarely more than five-see and accept the speaker for what he or she is. (4) The speaker also assumes that the others know him or her well enough to make unnecessary any background information for everything that is used. The writer who signed herself “Weepers Finders”assumed that whoever read the letter would recognize the saying, “Finders keepers, losers weepers.”In contrast to the formal style, this style may be called the casual style.[9] There is also a recognizable midpoint between the formal and the casual. There are situations less rigid than the ceremonial address or the formal written message but also more structured than intimate conversation. These permit some response; there is a certain amount of give and take. Yet each speaker will feel the need to be quite clear, sometimes to explain background for the other person’s benefit or in order to prevent misunderstanding or embarrassment. This middle style is known as the consultative style. It should be noted that the consultative style can allow contractions, but rarely would use slang or the incomplete expressions of the casual style.[10] It should not be thought that speech is always informal and writing always formal. (5) The casual style is spoken more often than it is written, but it is found also in letters between friends or family members, possibly in diaries and journals, and sometimes in newspaper columns. Formal English is typically written but may also be spoken after having first been written down. Much consultative speech is spoken, but a fair amount of writing also has the same need for full explanation even if it is otherwise quite informal.[11] Of course, none of there styles or modes of communication is better than any other. The spoken word and the printed page are simply two different ways to communicate. Some people have thought that formal English is “the best”of the stylistic variants, but it is not. Of course, President Kennedy could not have substituted the quite casual “Nobody’s here today to whoop it up for the Democrats”for “We observe today not a victory of party”; but if he had ever used the formal public speaking style at a dinner table, he would have bored everyone there. Intelligent adjustment to the situation is the real key to the effective use of language.[12] In some respects the English language raises certain problems. In conversation some languages allow an easy distinction between the formal and the informal through their dual system of pronouns. In French, for example, intimacy on the one hand or social distance on the other are overtly marked by a choice between “tu” and “vous”. English lacks such a system, but it does have a complex code of choices of title, title and surname, surname alone, given name alone and nickname, as “Doctor”, “Doctor Stevens”, “Stevens ” , “Charles”, “Charley”, and “Chuck”.[13] Another problem arises because of the two-layered nature of the English vocabulary. One layer consists of short, familiar words largely of native English origin ( house, fire, red, green , make, talk); the other of much longer words, chiefly taken from Latin and French ( residence, domicile, conflagration, scarlet, verdant, manufacture, conversation). But it is an oversimplification to equate the popular words with the casual style and the learned words with the formal style. We must admit that many Americans, especially in bureaucratic contests, are fond of big, windy words-words that are often awkward and sometimes inexact.[14] Although adjustment is the key to good use of the various styles, it poses problems for the student coming to English from another language, It is hard enough to become proficient in just one of the styles without having to switch from one style to another. The causal style, in particular, is not easily acquired by the nonnative speaker. Happily, this problem is not too serious. Native speakers of English are much readier to accept the features of the consultative style in a causal situation than to accept casual features in a noncasual situation. Indeed, many Americans are likely to credit a consultative speaker with greater correctness in using English than theyhave themselves. But even if only this one style is acquired, it is important for learners to recognize the other styles when they meet them in speech or writing and to have some sense of the situations that call for their use.Part A Translate English into ChineseI.Translate the underlined sentences in the above text into Chinese.II.Translate the first and the last paragraph in the above text into Chinese.Part B Translate Chinese into EnglishI. Translate the following sentences into English with the words or phrases inthe passage in Section B.1. 在当代英语中有许多新的语言现象，这些现象并不总是符合公认的语法规则的。

【第44期】雅思大作文8分范文中英对照及关键语句汇总本期Topic1.城市交通问题与解决方案Urban transportation poses significant challenges in many cities. To what extent do you believe traffic congestion and pollution are problems, and what measures can be taken to address these issues and promote sustainable urban mobility?城市交通在许多城市面临重大挑战。

你认为交通拥堵和污染在多大程度上是问题，可以采取哪些措施来解决这些问题，推动可持续的城市交通？2.全球气候变化与个人责任Global climate change is a pressing issue. To what extent do you think individuals should take personal responsibility for reducing their carbon footprint, and what role can governments play in encouraging and enforcing sustainable practices at both individual and industrial levels?全球气候变化是一个紧迫的问题。

你认为个人在多大程度上应该对减少碳足迹负有个人责任，政府在鼓励和执行个人和工业层面的可持续实践中可以发挥怎样的作用？3.家庭与社会支持Family and social support are crucial for individual well-being. To what extent do you think strong family ties contribute to a person's success and happiness, and what measures can be taken to enhance social support systems for individuals who may lack familial assistance?家庭和社会支持对个体幸福至关重要。

On the Delay of Geographical Caching Methods in Two-Tiered Heterogeneous NetworksAbstractWe consider a hierarchical network that consists of mobile users, a two-tiered cellular network (namely small cellsand macro cells) and central routers, each of which follows a Poisson point process (PPP). In this scenario, small cells with limited-capacity backhaul are able to cache content under a given set of randomized caching policies and storage constraints. Moreover, we consider three different content popularity models, namely fixed content popularity, distance-dependent and load-dependent,in order to model the spatio-temporal behavior of users’ content request patterns. We derive expressions for the average delay of users assuming perfect knowledge of content popularity distributions and randomized caching policies. Although the trend of the average delay for all three content popularity models is essentially identical, our results show that the overall performance of cached-enabled heterogeneous networks can be substantially improved, especially under the load dependentcontent popularity model.Besides, Because of the limitation of research conditions, the total network delay, network cost and optimization of network parameters are not analyzed.Keywords: edge caching, Poisson point process, stochastic geometry, mobile wireless networks, 5GIntroductionIt is known that content caching in 5G heterogeneous wireless networks improves the system performance, and is of high importance in limited-backhaul scenarios. Most existing literature focuses on the characterization of key performance metrics neglecting the backhaul limitations and the spatio-temporal content popularity profiles. In this work, we analyze the gains of caching in heterogeneous network deployment, and consider the average delay as a performance metric.Firstly we use passion point process (PPP) method to build the model. This heterogeneous network consists of mobile terminals (users), cache-enabled small base stations (SBSs), macro base stations (MBSs)and central routers. In this network setting, a user may experience delays due to downlink transmissions, backhaul and caches.Moreover, in order to capture the spatio-temporal content access patterns of users, we suppose fixed content popularity, distance-dependent and load-dependent content popularities. Assuming that the content popularity distribution is perfectly known at the small base stations, we explore three different caching policies based on content-popularity and randomization. And finally, we draw our conclusion.MethodologyFirst, our Research objective is to get the average delay in a cache-enabled two-tiered cellular network modeled by stochastic geometry, the figure one is an illustration of the considered system model, the methodology part including the following parts.The first is the topology, the central routers, MBSs, SBSs, USERs are modeled by the independent PPP models, the second is the signal model, for the tractability for the problem, we assume that the typical user experience the rayleigh fading and the standard power law path loss, also we assume that the network is interference-limited, that is to say the interference power dominates over the noise power.Then it is the caching model, when a user has a content request, we assume that the request is drawn from a continuous zipf distribution, in the function, there is a content popularity parameter, based on this parameter, we have three caching models, Fixed means that the content popularity is identical for all users, all SBSs observe the same distribution, Distance-dependent means that each user has a distance-dependent steepness factor ,the factor is related to the average distance between the SBS and its users.Based on the caching models, here we consider three caching policies: StdPop means the SBSs cache the most popular content from the catalogue, the Unirand means the contents are cached uniformly at random, the MixPop policy means that part storage cache the most popular contents, the other part cache the content at random.The last part is the delay, our metric in this paper, the delay including the following three parts, When the BSs deliver the contents to their intended mobile users, it incurs the downlink delay, When the content requested are not cached in the BSs, the BSs have to get the content form the central routers through the backhaul, then it causes delay, when the content requested in the caches, the content need to be taken out from the caches, it causes delay.Reporting and Discussing ResultsIn this section, we numerically validate our approximations derived in the previous section. The impact of critical system parameters are discussed as follows.Fig. (a) Impact of MBS density. (b) Impact of small cell density.(c) Impact of target SIR. (d) Impact of storage size.Impact of MBS density λmc:The change of average delay with respect to the MBSdensity is given in Fig. a. Therein, as the number of MBSs increases, we observe an increment in average delay at millisecond level. This is mainly due to the backhaul as the delay in backhaul is proportional to the distance and average number of connected MBSs. On the other hand, the average delay in SBSs remains static in this setup. However, we note that the average delay experienced by a typical small cell user is reduced by adding caching capabilities at the base stations.Impact of small cell density λsc: The change of the average delay with respect to the small cell density is depicted in Fig. b. Similarly to the previous figure for MBS density, we see that the average delay increases for all kind of small cell users. However, in this numerical setup, the rateof increment in delay with no-caching capabilities at the SBSs is higher than the delay experienced by the typical users with cache- enabled SBSs. Compared to the fixed and load-dependent content popularities, the typical user under load-dependent content popularity experiences less delay when the number of SBSs increases.Impact of target SIRγ: In our setup, yet another important design parameter is the target SIR. In this regard, the average delay variation with respect to the target SIR is illustrated in Fig. 2c. As observed in the figure, the average delay increases by imposing higher target SIR values. This change is only visible in low values of target SIR, whereas the variation of delay in higher values of target SIR is negligible. This might stem from the fact that the downlink delay is not a dominating factor in our scenario compared to the backhaul delay. A typical user connected to the small cell with no caching capabilities experiences the highest delay, whereas the minimum delay is achieved by using MixPop policy under load-dependent content popularity. The delay of a typical MU remains between a SU with no-caching and caching capabilities at the base stations.Impact of storage size S: Yet another crucial design parameter in our setup is the storage size. The impact of storage size on the average delay is shown in Fig. 2d. Indeed, as observed from the figure, dramatical decrease in delay is observed by increasing the storage size of small base stations. Similarly to previous observations, the most sensitive content popularity for the average delay is the load-dependent content popularity.ConclusionIn this work, we have characterized the average delay of macro cell users and small cell users under backhaul constraints and caching capabilities at the small base stations. We consider a multi-tier heterogeneous network in the two-dimensional Euclidean plane and a typical mobile user, and each base station perfectly observes the content popularities according to three different models: fixed models, distance-dependent models and load-dependent models. After that, some caching policies such as stdPop policies, unirand policies and mixpoppolicies have been considered. Finally the impact of critical system parameters which include macro base stations density, small cell density, target of signal to interference ratio and storage size on the average delay are discussed. Although the trend of the average delay for all three content popularity models is essentially identical, our results show that the overall performance of cached-enabled heterogeneous networks can be substantially improved, especially under the load dependent content popularity model. The main conclusion from this work is that caching at the small base stations allows for balancing the average access delay tothe contents, especially if heterogeneous network densification under limited backhaul is considereReference[1] E. Ba¸stu˘g, M. Bennis, and M. Debbah, “Living on the Edge: Therole of proactive caching in 5G wireless networks,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 82–89, August 2014.[2] Z. Chen, J. Lee, T. Q. Quek, and M. Kountouris, “Cooperativecaching and transmission design in cluster-centric small cell networks,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.00321, 2016.[3] M. Afshang, H. S. Dhillon, and P. H. J. Chong, “Modeling andperformance analysis of clustered device-to-device networks,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.02668, 2015.[4] B. Serbetci and J. Goseling, “O n optimal geographical caching inheterogeneous cellular networks,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.07322, 2016.[5] S. Yan, M. Peng, and W. Wang, “User access mode selection in fogcomputing based radio access networks,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1602.00766, 2016.[6] B. Blaszczyszyn and A. Giovanidis, “Optimal geographic caching incellular networks,” in IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), June 2015, pp. 3358–3363.。

六级真题与词汇集锦1.- Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. (2010. 12 )【直译】世界大战和大萧条动摇了许多人对于单凭科学知识就可以创造出一个繁荣有序世界的自信心。

【词汇记忆】1. depression n. 衰弱，减缓，沮丧六级考试中，特别是阅读里，经常会出现Great Expression，大家都知道是二战时期的经济萧条期。

另外还要记住一个更常用的意思，就是沮丧，郁闷的意思。

经济大萧条嘛，大家都吃不饱穿不暖的，所以每天就很沮丧忧郁。

比如你今天因为什么事情很不爽，你就可以说I’m depressed（听力里可能会出现）。

2. expertise n. 专门的知识或技能这个词可能不经意的一晃就看成了exercise(练习)，但其实这个expertise是说有一项专门的技能，比如一个人是电脑行家，你就可以说他是IT expert，那么expertise就是说他所具有的电脑相关的技能。

2.- After World War Ⅱ, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy. (2010. 12 )【直译】二战之后，学术界抱着极大的热情转向人文主义研究，这对当时的很多学者来说似乎是可以确保民主继续存在的最好方法。

【词汇】1. enthusiasm n. 热情，热忱要知道enthusiastic就是形容词的热情地，热心地，狂热地。

Writing Task 2C11Test 1Governments should spend money on railways rather than roads.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?Test 2Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say that the only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement.To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste?Test 3Some people say that the only reason for learning a foreign language is in order to travel to or work in a foreign country. Others say that these are not the only reasons why someone should learn a foreign language.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Test 4Many governments think that economic progress is their most important goal. Some people, however, think that other types of progress are equally important for a country.Discuss both these views and gives your own opinion.Test 1It is important for children to learn the difference between right and wrong at an early age. Punishment is necessary to help them learn this distinction.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?What sort of punishment should parents and teachers be allowed to use to teach good behaviour to children?Test 2Some people think that all university students should study whatever they like. Others believe that they should only be allowed to study subjects that will be useful in the future, such as those related to science and technology. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Test 3Countries are becoming more and more similar because people are able to buy the same products anywhere in the world.Do you think this is a positive or negative development?Test 4Many museums charge for admission while others are free.Do you think the advantages of charging people for admission to museums outweigh the disadvantages?讨论利弊Test 1一些专家认为从小学开始学外语好过从中学开始学外语。

Unit 1Keys for 1.3.1, 1.3.2Developing an Academic Voice:Most inexperienced writers use only the voices within their experience. When there is narrow experience, there may be the use of inappropriate voice. Writers may resort to their casual voice, which is inappropriate for academic writing. Developing an appropriate voice in academic writing establishes authority and respect for the writer. An academic voice can be developed through understanding categories of voice, recognizing your writing voice, and learning voice changing strategies.Categories of Voice:-Formal voice is an informative voice used in analysis and critique.-Consultative voice is reserved for opinion, reaction, position, and persuasion papers. -Casual voice allows you to share personal knowledge and experience. This style is not appropriate for an academic paper unless expressly allowed by your professor (as in a personal narrative).Strategies for Changing your Voice:- Eliminate casual fillersEliminate words that are associated with casual style and are generally found in conversation. You can ensure you are using an academic voice by avoiding colloquial speech patterns in your writing.Example: “You know,” “well,” “now”- PersonCheck for the appropriate person for each style of paper. First and second person pronouns are sometimes applicable to the consultative voice, but not the formal. Be sure you are consistent with your usage throughout the paper.- Wordiness and Word ChoiceExpress ideas clearly and concisely by removing extraneous words that only provide confusion. Also, remove ambiguous words such as “very” or “great” and select words that provide specific definition.Keys for 2.1.1Key for 2.2A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses and can also indicate the relationship between the elements it connects. In only one single sentence we often find that it contains one or more ideas which may be equal or unequal in importance. When the ideas are equal, they are called coordinate ideas. These sentences may be joined into a compound sentence that shows the relationship between the two ideas. When this is done in such a way that the equality of the ideas is maintained, we call the clauses in the new sentence coordinate clauses.Keys for 3.11.Science magazine2.advertisement3.Hemingway’s short story: cat in the rain4. a research paper5. a newspaperKeys for 3.2Key for 3.3There appear to be two principal reasons for the growing traffic congestion. Firstly, public transportation has become increasingly expensive in relation to the falling cost of driving. In addition, car ownership is more convenient than using public transportation, together these factors result in higher vehicle density.。

2012.09.15 教育类Money for postgraduate research is limited. Therefore some people think financial support from governments should be only provided for scientific research rather than research for less useful subjects. Do you agree or disagree?硕士研究经费有限，有些人因此觉得政府的资助应该只能支持科学调查，而不是那些没有用处的科目。

在何种程度上你同意这个观点？写作指导传统来说, scientific research包括physics, chemistry, biology, agriculture, cell technology, 这些科目都是和自然世界(physical world)有关的。

而其他方面的研究包括语言学，心理学，哲学，历史，社会学等。

这种题型在雅思写作中很典型，意思是“只应该做A事情，而B事情完全不应该去做”。

这类话题明显都是一种偏激的观点，写法基本上是一样的。

第一种写法：先承认A观点的合理性，然后进行驳斥，讲只做A会产生的负面影响，接下来讲B的必要性。

第二种写法：先交代B观点的不足之处，然后对其进行驳斥，然后再讲B观点的合理性。

结构与思路：本文适合写成单边支持型。

在“题型解读”中提到的两种方法都能使用。

第一种写法：第一段让步段，先承认科学研究是合理的，因为科学研究可以获得即时利益，可以找到新的资源能源，能让我们富有。

然后驳斥，只在科学研究上花钱会产生的一些后果（公民只有物质生活而没有精神生活的负面影响），然后讲对其他领域投资的重要性。

投资其他领域会让我们的精神生活更加健康。

第二种写法：第一段让步段，先讲有些人或许会认为投资其他领域并不能创造经济上的利益，因此政府投资其他领域是浪费纳税人的血汗钱。

12月2日雅思大作文真题：老建筑应该被拆除吗关于老建筑物的价值及其是否该拆除，这是个绝对的老题，唐老师在雅思写作教学和讲座中曾多次以本题为例讲雅思写作的基本思路。

那么城市中的老建筑物是否应该拆除？可能有些同学会用一边倒的思维方式来思考这个题目，认为不应该拆除老建筑物，因为这些建筑物有历史和文化价值，应该保留。

这个思路不错，但接下去怎么写呢？这些同学可能就开始懵圈了，因为实在很难找到保留老建筑物的其他理由了。

其实，如果打开思路，我们就会发现，对某些人来说，城市里的老建筑物是应该拆除的，因为抛开历史文化价值，这些老建筑物的确没有实用价值，它们占据着城市的有限空间，既不能居住，也不能为我们的生活提供任何便利，同时维护不好的话，还可能给居民带来危险。

因此，就本题而言，我们可以开始论述应该拆除老建筑物的理由，然后再论述保留老建筑物的理由（同时回答老建筑物对我们的重要意义），最后得出结论：保留老建筑物也许并不能给我们带来实际的生活好处，但其历史和文化价值是不能忽略的。

01 Every city has old buildings. Now the question is: how to deal with these old buildings? Some people think they should be pulled downandreplaced with new ones, while others believe they should be preserved and protected.每个城市都有老建筑。

现在的问题是：如何处理这些老建筑？有些人认为他们应该被推倒，用新建筑取而代之，而另一些人则认为它们应该得到保留和保护。

首先，老建筑不再适合人们居住，因此，它们应该被摧毁，并让位于新建筑，这样城里的人们（尤其是年轻人）才有更多的居住空间。

其次，旧建筑会给城市居民带来不便。

因为没有穿过旧建筑的直路，人们有时不得不绕过它们走很长的路去上下班，这样就浪费了他们很多时间。

雅思11test4大作文英文回答：The advent of technology has profoundly impacted theway we live our lives. While it has brought about numerous benefits, it has also raised concerns about its potential negative effects on society. One area that has been particularly affected by technological advancements is the education sector. In this essay, I will explore the multifaceted impacts of technology on education, examining both its advantages and drawbacks.Benefits of Technology in Education.1. Enhanced Accessibility and Equity: Technology has made education more accessible to a wider range of students, including those who live in remote areas or have disabilities. Online learning platforms and educationalapps provide flexible and convenient learning opportunities, breaking down traditional barriers to education.2. Personalized Learning: Technology allows for personalized learning experiences tailored to the individual needs of students. Adaptive learning software, for example, adjusts the difficulty level of content based on a student's performance, ensuring they are challenged appropriately.3. Increased Collaboration: Collaboration and peer learning are facilitated by technology tools such as video conferencing, online discussion boards, and social media. Students can interact with their peers and teachers from anywhere, enhancing their social and academic skills.4. Enhanced Engagement: Interactive simulations, virtual reality, and gamification techniques make learning more engaging and motivating. Technology can transform lessons into immersive experiences, fostering a deeper understanding of complex concepts.Drawbacks of Technology in Education.1. Digital Divide: While technology has the potential to bridge educational gaps, the digital divide remains a significant concern. Students from low-income families or underserved communities may lack access to devices and reliable internet connectivity, limiting their ability to fully participate in technology-enhanced education.2. Screen Time and Health Concerns: Excessive screen time associated with technology use can lead to physical and mental health issues, including eye strain, sleep disturbances, and sedentary behavior. It is important for educators and parents to encourage healthy technology habits and promote physical activity.3. Dependence on Technology: Overreliance on technology can lead to a decrease in critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and social interaction. Teachers must strike a balance between using technology as a tool and fostering essential non-digital skills.4. Privacy and Data Concerns: The use of educational technology raises privacy and data security concerns.Student data collected by online platforms and apps must be handled responsibly to protect the privacy of individuals.Conclusion.Technology has the potential to revolutionize education, providing both benefits and drawbacks. By carefully considering the multifaceted impacts of technology, educators and policymakers can leverage its advantageswhile mitigating its potential risks. By ensuring equitable access, promoting healthy technology habits, fostering critical thinking skills, and safeguarding privacy, we can harness the power of technology to create a more inclusive, effective, and engaging educational experience for all.中文回答：技术的利处。

雅思写作大作文5：spaceresearch第一篇：雅思写作大作文5：space research雅思写作大作文范文5：space research雅思写作中大作文占的比重颇高，话题涵盖学术、生活等各个领域。

100教育小编为你整理了雅思写作大作文范文，以下是关于space research，希望对考生们有所帮助！政府投资政府的投资主要有以下用途：• 国防（defense):保护一个国家免受攻击或者其他威胁（Protect a country against attack or other threats.)；• 保证法律和公共秩序的实施（enforcement of law and public order)以及政府的运作（operation of government)；• 社会保障（social security)和医疗保健（health care systems)；• 福利(welfare):为那些不能够自给自足的人（people who are unable to support themselves alone)提供经济援助(financial assistance),包括退休和残疾人的福利（retirement and disability benefits)、失业工人的福利（unemployment benefits)等；政府援助在这一方面是重要的，可以减轻社会压力（release the pressure of society),并最终帮助这些人获得生存能力（gain the ability to survive)；• 公共运输(public transportation)和公共服务(public services)。

政府的资金主要来自于税收(taxes),贷款(government borrowing)或者国际援助3和政府投资相关的争执主要集中在关键行业（essential sectors)和非紧要行业（non-essential sectors)——前者是为了公众的方便，可以带来直接和明显的好处（immediate and tangible benefits),包括教育和医疗保健；而后者所带来的好处是间接的（indirect benefits),可以给人们带来情感上的快乐(emotional wellbeing),包括娱乐Topic: Millions of dollars are spent on space research everyyear.Some people argue that the money should be spent on improving living standards on Earth.Do you agree or disagree?支持太空探索的观点：• 地球上的资源是有限的，迟早会被消耗完（finite and exhaustible),因此需要开拓太空上的能源(open energy and material resources of space for human benefit)；促进经济±曾长(support economic growth),使商业更力口繁荣(an increase in business activity);• 人口增长导致地球承载压力加大（cause the usable space to shrink)，因此太空探索有利于为人类找到一个新的居住地（find a sanctuary)；• 有利于环境考察（environmental monitoring),有利于收集人类生存环境（living environment)的数据，比如天气预报（weather forecasting).,环境保护和可持续发展（sustainable development)等相关数据；• 提高一些产业的科学竞争力（technological competitiveness),特别在国际商业领域（in international business ；),创造人力资源和高级别的专业技术（human capital and high-level expertise);可以增加年轻人对自然科学的兴趣(the interest of young people in natural sciences)反对太空探索的观点：• 需要长期的努力和大量资金（long-term commitments and funding),大部分国家支付不起(unaffordable to most countries)，这些资金应该用于解决些更实际的问题，比如饥荒(famine)等5 • 很多项目收效甚微（make little progress),甚至被证明是徒劳无益的（taxing and unrewarding)。

2024年3月9日雅思小作文题英文回答：Introduction:The advantages and disadvantages of commuting to work versus working from home are a topic of ongoing debate. Both commuting and working from home offer unique benefits and drawbacks, making it essential to carefully consider the implications of each option before making a decision.Advantages of Commuting to Work:Social interaction: Commuting to work provides an opportunity to interact with colleagues, engage in casual conversations, and build relationships. This social interaction can foster a sense of community and belonging within the workplace.Separation of work and home life: Commuting acts as aphysical and psychological boundary between the workspace and the home environment. This separation can help maintain a healthier work-life balance and reduce the risk of work-related stress spilling over into personal life.Structured routine: The regular schedule of commuting can provide a sense of structure and discipline to the workday. It establishes clear start and end times, which can help manage time more effectively.Disadvantages of Commuting to Work:Time-consuming: Commuting can be a significant time investment, especially in large cities or congested areas. This time could be better spent on work-related tasks, personal errands, or leisure activities.Stressful: Commuting can often be stressful due to traffic congestion, delays, and unpredictable travel conditions. This stress can negatively impact both physical and mental well-being.Environmental impact: Commuting by car contributes to traffic congestion and air pollution, which can have detrimental effects on the environment.Advantages of Working from Home:Flexibility: Working from home offers greaterflexibility in terms of work hours, location, and workload. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals with family responsibilities or those seeking a more flexible work-life balance.Increased productivity: Studies have shown that employees who work from home can be more productive due to fewer distractions, a more comfortable work environment, and the ability to work at their peak performance times.Cost savings: Working from home can save on commuting expenses, such as gas, public transportation, and parking. Additionally, it reduces the need for work-related wardrobe expenses.Disadvantages of Working from Home:Social isolation: Working from home can lead to social isolation, as individuals may have fewer opportunities to interact with colleagues and build workplace relationships.Lack of structure: The absence of a physical workplace can make it challenging to establish a structured workday. This can lead to procrastination and difficulty maintaining motivation.Technical challenges: Working from home relies on reliable internet and technology, which can be a source of frustration and downtime if not functioning properly.Conclusion:The decision of whether to commute to work or work from home is a personal one that depends on individual circumstances and preferences. Both options offer advantages and disadvantages, and the best choice will vary depending on factors such as work demands, lifestyle, andpersonal values. Carefully weighing the pros and cons of each option will help individuals make an informed decision that aligns with their goals and aspirations.中文回答：通勤上班与在家工作的利弊。

生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。

－－泰戈尔ContentsEnvironmental Protection1. Environmental hazards are often too great for particular countries or individuals to tackle. We have arrived at a point in time where the only way to lessen environmental problems is at an international level. P74—5环境问题现在非常严重了，严重到单个的国家或者是个人没法解决的程度。

换言之，我们已经到了一个只有在全世界范围内才可以解决这个问题的地步。

从多大程度上你同意或者不同意这种观点？2. As a result of countries becoming more and more industrialized, pollution has become a serious problem. Discuss some ways that can mitigate the pollution problems. P92—5随着国家的工业化程度加深，环境污染成了一个严重的问题。

请谈一下哪些方法可以减轻环境污染问题。

3. Forests are the lungs of the earth. Their destruction will accelerate extinction of animals and ultimately mankind. For this reason, logging in the world’s rainforests should be phased out over the next decade. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? P107—5森林是地球的呼吸器。