上海市八校2018届高三上学期11月联考英语试题 含解析

普通高中2021届高三“八校联考〞英语试题本套试卷分第I卷〔选择题〕和第II卷〔非选择题〕全卷150分，考试时间是是120分钟第I卷〔选择题一共100分〕第一局部听力〔一共两节，满分是30分〕第一节〔一共5小题，每一小题分，满分是分〕听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一小题。

从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项里面选出最正确选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间是来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What is the man going to do?A. Go to the theater.B. Hold a party.C. Visit his uncle.2. How much memory does the man’ s notebook have now?A. 160 GB. B. 320GB.C. 480GB.3. Which program starts at nine tonight?A. Total Soccer.B. Nature Program.C. The Mighty Heroes.4. Why has Patrick moved out?A. To pay less money.B. To live in a quietplace. C. To be near the workplace5. How will the man travel to Miami this time?A. By air.B. By car.C. By train.第二节(一共15小题，每一小题分，满分是分)请听下面5段对话或者独白,每段对话或者独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项里面选出最正确选项。

听每段对话或者独白前，你将有时间是阅读各个小题，每一小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的答题时间是。

每段对话或者独白读两遍。

请听第6段材料，答复第6、7题。

6. What has the man bought for Julie and Will?A. Cups.B. Plates.C. Houseplants.7. Why does the woman want to give Julie and Will a picture?A. It is famous.B. It is useful.C. It is unusual.请听第7段材料，答复第8、9题。

上海市2018年高考：英语考试真题与答案解析I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables.C. Cooking a meal.D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Diary (June 13-19)SUN□13MON□1417 for after-class activity applicationTUE□15WED□16Handing in three student 18THU□17Basketball Club meetingTime:12:45—1:30pm Place: The 19FRI□18Filling in a form with up-to-date personal dataTime: 20 break Place: The computer room SAT□19Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Who is Sue Walter?She is 21 in court and a writer. What is Sue’s suggestion for people 22with difficulties?In Sue’s eyes, what is the best part23 in decision-making.about her job?What does Sue think happiness is?24II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop(29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was. (B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress inyour life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.accountB. adjustableC. appliancesD. captureE. decorationsF. directG. experimentH. intendedI. operatedJ. soullessK. squeezeGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的).When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of managementlayers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began: She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, aftera push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaninglessdrivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valu able only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete thestatements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up” escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

河南省八市2018届高三上学期第二次测评（11月）英语试题第Ⅰ卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AMany of the world’s most people were once successful failures。

Here are the stories of a few of them。

Abraham Lincoln(1809—1865)Abraham Lincoln was one of America's greatest leaders, taking the country through the Civil War（from 1860 to 1865）. However, his life was never easy。

He started numerous businesses that failed，he went bankrupt twice，and was defeated in 26 campaigns for public office。

He later said，“My great concern is not whether you have failed，but whether you are content with your failure。

”Vincent Van Gogh（1853-1890)Van Gogh is one of the most famous and influential painters in the history of West ern Art. He’s renowned for paintings such as The Starry Night。

The potato Eaters and Sunflowers. However，during his lifetime，Van Gogh sold only one painting for a very small amount of money. Despite this，he carried on painting，something even going without foodso he could complete his collection of over 800 known works.Albert Einstein(1879-1955）Albert Einstein won the Noble Prize in Physics in 1921. However，he wasn’t always considered a “genius”。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The wo man doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by(32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too muchstress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Golden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness Section BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock. “It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem”remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protoco l explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up tothe initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still putcoastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tightenemissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands,worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number ofspecies.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the ParisAgreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which saylimiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began,putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of theindustrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the ina ppropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how co mpanies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Fareastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

上海中学高三周考II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There seems never ____21___ (be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developedis unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys ____22_____ (play) with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies ___23_____ social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activitiesof their fathers and girls _____24______ (prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilitiesof the adult world._____25____ is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuriesbut how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly _____26_____ craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology.It is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their development inall parts of the world and their persistence to the present ____27____ is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variationsdepended on local customs and ways of life ______28_____ toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.Because toys ___29_____ be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by ababy in 3,000 BC to ____30______ used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.and for which we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involve alcohol cigarettes food drugs gambling etc. This article discusses the concepts which can be ____31___ in coping with addictive behavior._____32______ minor addictions such as watching too much television or lying in bed on weekend mornings are often not even considered addictions because the price paid for engaging in them is not high. On the other hand we tend to use the term “addict” to describe the person who at least in the eyes of others continues to be addicted in a behavior long after it has become ______33____ that the substantial price being paid was not worth the benefit. The individual who has lost career house family and friends because of cocaine (可卡因) use but is _____34___ to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned with much ___35____ in between. Although it is not ____36_____ true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time yet a constant level of addictive behavior (e.g. overspending $ 200 a week ) can lead to an increasing level of negative consequences.You may be ___37___ to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh the price. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The price of membership in a gym the time involved and any clothing expense is outweighed by the benefits of better health energy self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions positive addictions may not get stronger over time and there is a broad ___38___ of how much benefit is actually obtained.What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the urge to engage in the addictive behavior and the satisfaction that is ____39_____ when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of ____40_____ and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because we experience reliefwhen the urge is acted upon there is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.III. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The importance of liking people is the subject of an article in the Harvard Business. Review，which has carried out an experiment to find out who we'd rather work with. Hardly surprisingly, the people we want most as our workmates are both: __41__ at their job and delightful human beings. And the people we want least are both unpleasant and useless.More interestingly, the autors found that, given the choice between working with lovable folls and comptent jerks (性情古怪的人), we irresistibly choose the __42___. Anyway, who likes those who ___43___ or hurt other people? We might insist that competence matters more, but our __44__ shows we stay close to the people we like, sharing information with them.What companies should __45__ do is get people to like each other more. The trick here is apparently to make sure that stuffs come across each other as often as possible during day. They also should be sent on bonding courses and so on to encourage friendliness and __46__ displeasure.__47__, more outdoor-activity weekends and shared coffee machines inspire no confidence at all. The __48__ is that people either like each other or they don’t. You can’t force it. Possibly you can make offices fridendlier by tolerating a lot of chat, but there is a __49__ cost to that. In my experience, the question of lovable fool against competent jerk may not be the right one. The two are interrelated: we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely __50__. I was once quite friendly with a woman whom I later worked with. I found her to be so __51__ bad at her job that I lost respect for her and ended up not really liking her at all. Then is there anything that companies should be doing about it?By far the most effective strategy would be to hire people who are all pretty much the same, given that __52__ is one of the main determinants of whether we like each other. I think this is a pretty good ides, but no one __53__ recommend this anymorewithout offending the diversity lobby group (游说团体). There is only one acceptable view on this subject: teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity. This may be true, though I have never seen any conclusive proof of it.Not only do we like similar people, we like people who like us. So if companies want to __54__ more liking, they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to each other. The __55__ is that this needs to be done with some skill.41.A. strange B. brilliant C. surprised D. absent-minded42.A. former B. latter C. majority D. minority43.A. hate B. fear C. doubt D. annoy44.A. thought B. behavior C. expression D. appearance45.A. further B. nevertheless C. therefore D. instead46.A. break down B. talk to C. pick out D. hold out47.A. besides B. Furthermore C. However D. Hence48.A. impression B. reality C. practice D. custom49.A. investment B. production C. operation D. productivity50.A. valueless B. disabled C. hopeless D. careless51.A. outstandingly B. inevitably C. hopefully D. forgetfully52.A. appearance B. effectiveness C. distinction D. similarity53.A. need B. dare C. must D. should54.A. create B. discover C. promote D. place55.A. strategy B. standard C. hope D. troubleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AAs a father of four, I’m concerned about how to lead my children to be good young men and women in such a turbulent time. I have studied philosophy, mysticism, and religion my entire life. They provide great lessons in responsibility and growth. However, I also recognize that, at least at this point in their lives, my children are not terribly interested in such subjects.While I was reflecting on this, I was reminded of a a line in a song I had heard recently. It goes: “If you had only onechance to say something, what would it be?”That night, I found my tow oldest kids lounging on the couch watching a TV show that featured violence, cursing and even s ome “adult scenes”. I quietly sat on a chair next to them. I saw my boy straighten up, and my girl pretended to ignore me.I didn’t make any usual comments about the pointlessness of such programs. I didn’t even roll my eyes, although this took some effort. I simply asked: Can you tell me how this will make you a batter person?Without a word, I got up and left the room. About ten minutes later, to my surprise, the children were in their rooms doing their homework and the television was silent. Remarkable.This philosophy can change the way we live our lives. For example, whenever I feel angry and get the urge to lash out, I ask myself: “How does this acting or feeling the way I do right now make me a better person?” I began to realize that rarely did my thoughts or actions result in self-improvement, so I made conscious effort to change my mindset and behavior.We all want to be better fathers, mothers, sons and daughters. Better workers, better leaders, better lovers...... this list goes on. Sometimes succeeding in these roles can be tough. But one question aligns us with all those duties we possess to society and ourselves: “Is this making me a better person?”Whatever I said, it worked. My daughter has begun watching nature programs instead of violent TV shows, and she decided to go to school to become a counselor. My son told me he wants to be a police officer. I’ve since thrown away all those parenting magazines and books I’ve collected over the years because I made more progress witha single questi on than I did with hundreds of pages of “experts” advice.56. When the writer found his kids watching inappropriate TV programs that night, he appeared_______.A .calm B. indifferent C.critical D. anxious57.How can this philosophy change the way we live our lives?A.By calming ourselves down when we are angryB. By raising a question about our current action and feelingC.By helping us realize our need for self-improvementD.By providing us with new mindset and behavior58. Why did the writer throw away his parenting magazines and books?A.Because his kids had grown out of themB.Because they didn’t offer him any help.C.Because that single question was more usefulD.Because the expert advice was too much to follow59.The wrote this passage to_______A. convince teenagers of the downsides to watching TVB.introduce a life philosophy by telling a parenting storyrm the readers of how he helped hid kids set good goalsD.call on other other parents to trust themselves instead of experts.BWhen the people you know run more, you run more. And now there's data to prove it.A new study published today in Nature Communications of the daily-recorded exercise patterns of more than one million runners over five years shows that exercise is socially contagious. Your knowledge of what your friends are doing can and will motivate you to do more. The work marks a watershed moment in the use of detailed fitness tracking data to understand health behavior and causal behavior change."Knowing the running behaviors of your friends as shared on social networks can cause you to run farther, faster, and longer," said MIT Sloan Professor Sinan Aral, an author of "Exercise contagion in a global social network."Aral and colleague Christos Nicolaides, a postdoctoral fellow at MIT Sloan, used a data set that recorded the geographic location, social network ties, and daily running patterns of more than one million people who ran 359 million combined kilometers (223 million miles) and logged those runs digitally in a global social network of runners over five years. The data contain the daily distance, duration, pace, and calories burned by the runners, recorded by digital fitness tracking devices. The results, said Aral, revealed "strong contagion effects.""On the same day, on average, an additional kilometer run by friends can inspire someone to run an additional three-tenths of a kilometer and an additional ten minutes run by friends can inspire someone to run three minutes longer," the authors wrote.Historically, in the context of exercise, a debate exists about whether we make upward comparisons to those performing better than ourselves or downward comparisonsto those performing worse than ourselves. Comparisons to those ahead of us may motivate our own self-improvement, while comparisons to those behind us may create "competitive behavior to protect one's superiority." According to Aral, there is evidence for both trajectories in the study, but comparisons to those better than us are more powerful.Gender matters too. The contagion is most pronounced among men, with men influencing other men to run farther and faster. In this regard, men may be more competitive and, specifically, more competitive with each other. Influence among same sex pairs is strong while influence among mixed sex pairs is weaker. Both men and women influence men. However, only women influence women who have reported, in earlier studies, being more influenced by self-regulation and individual planning than by their peers.60. The word “contagious” in paragraph 2 most probably means______A.infectiousmunicativeC. motivatedD.available61.Jack and Tom both are friends and like running. They post their runs every day on social media. According to the research, if one day Jack ran for an hour and a half and Tom an hour, them how long would Tom most probably run the next day?A.30 minutesB.63minutesC.69minutesD.90 minutes62.Which runner tends to get the most powerful influence?A.A man making upward comparisons to his female friends.B.A man making upward comparisons to his male friends.C.A competitive women making comparisons to her peersD.A self-regulated woman who prefer individual planningCThe study of psychology is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push for groundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward the efforts of those who replicate studies.The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiments is repeated. Of course, a similar result may not appear – casting into questions the validity of the results from the firstexperiment.Last year, the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100 studies from highly ranked psychological journalists. While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought.Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings in psychological science. These problems are not confined to psychology however – many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.Science is supposed to be self-correcting and reproducibility is a cornerstone o f the scientific method. Yet, we simply aren’t invested in replicating findings. We all want to be good researchers and understand more about how the world works. So why are we so reluctant to check our conclusions are valid?Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK, the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality (how innovative is the research?), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance?), and rigour (is the research technically right?). Outputs are then awarded one to four stars. 4* papers are considered world-leading. The cumulative total of 3* and 4* papers determines research funding allocation and has a knock-on effect on institutional position in league tables (排名表)and therefore attractiveness to students. Obviously, the more publications the better.Worrying, many academics admit to engaging in at least one questionable research practice in order to achieve publication. Examples of this include: coming up with a theory after data is collected, stopping collecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later, or only reporting the significant effects from collected data. Others simply fabricate data – Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel shockingly falsified data from more than 50 studies.The Ref completely harms our efforts to produce a reliable body of knowledge. Why? The focus on originality – publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms, and avoiding testing well-established theories –is the exact opposite of what science needs to be doing to solve the troubling replication crisis. According to Ref standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting.With the next Ref submission just four years away, many researchers areeffectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion.63. What crisis the study of psychology facing?A. The Ref has led to a revolution in not only psychology but also science.B. The universities are encouraged to generate more groundbreaking research.C. The Ref tends to set up a different standard for replications of studies.D. The Ref’s indifference to replications of studies has led to worrying eff ects.64. The Ref’s focus on originality has brought about .A. a reliable body of knowledgeB. publications exploring new areasC. tests of well-established theoriesD. uninteresting replications of studies65. We can infer from the passage that the Ref .A. is a system for assessing the quality of research in UK universitiesB. provides UK researchers with funding and job opportunitiesC. recognizes researchers’ work and adds to their attractiveness to studentsD. is planning to change its standard before the next Ref submission66. What does the writer mean by saying “be a good scientist”?A. Contribute to the solution to the replication crisis.B. Reform the standards that have been set up by the Ref.C. Give up possible funding and promotion given by universities.D. Avoid using false research practices to test old theories.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The parents’ refusal to admit these changes when the child knows them to be truemakes impossible.B.Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselveshave been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation.C.They may even make some unpleasant remark’s about the friends’ parents, and thinkof them as disloyalty.D.Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitudeboth for the child and the parent.E.What the child cannot forgive is the parent’s refusal to admit these charges if thechild knows them to be true.67F.They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some unpleasant remarks about thefriends’ par ents.Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur (诋毁) on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the teenagers see that they are annoyed. 67 Sucha loss of dignity and a kind of childish behavior on the part of the adults deeplyshocks the teenager, and makes them decide that in future they will not talk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.Disillusionment(醒悟) with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable.68 Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized howmuch belief their children usually have in their character and correctness, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this teen-aged reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by offending and resisting it.The teenagers, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. 69 Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating（伪装） behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too frightened to let them know how they really felt. 70 It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.IV. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.71. 新任的总统因军事危机而忧心忡忡。

2018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A 篇1 One 【2018届上海市上海实验学校高三英语10月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)Zelda Fitzgerald, as is revealed by numerous personal books and letters, wore many labels in her her life. life. life. She She She was was was ―the ―the o riginal original original flapperǁ flapperǁ girl girl and and and ―the ―the spirit spirit of of of the the the Jazz Jazz Jazz Age.ǁ Age.ǁ Married Married to to to the the celebrated writer F. Scott Fitzgerald (author of The Great Gatsby ), she was by turns his muse and ), she was by turns his muse and the woman who ruined his life. In her later years she was ―Crazy Zelda.ǁAccurate Accurate as as as all all all these these these descriptions descriptions descriptions may may may be, be, be, they they they do do do not not not tell tell tell the the the whole whole whole story. story. Born Born in in Montgomery, Alabama, she was noted for her beauty and high spirits in dancing. In July 1918, at a country club dance, Fitzgerald was hooked immediately by the beautiful and charming 18-year-old Zelda who outshined other beauties with her distinguished ballet. A light affection evolved into a lengthy long-distance pursuit of weekly letters, with Fitzgerald aware of her uncommitted dating of other men. He courted her feverishly, reading her his stories and parts of his unfinished novel. He He proposed proposed proposed after after after his his his discharge discharge discharge from from from the the the Army Army Army in in in February February February 1919, 1919, 1919, but but but Zelda Zelda Zelda had had had doubts. doubts. doubts. Her Her fiancé wasn’t rich and there was no guarantee he’d ever be famous. His short stories didn’t sell. His His attempt attempt attempt was was was a a a dump. dump. dump. Zelda Zelda Zelda gave gave gave back back back the the the ring. ring. ring. Hoping Hoping Hoping to to to fix fix fix the the the ―no ―no moneyǁ moneyǁ part part part of of of his his problem, problem, Fitzgerald quit the job and started to rewrite Fitzgerald quit the job and started to rewrite novels for success and money so that he could win back his girl. Finally, he made it ！On March 20, 1920, his novel This Side of Paradise got published and Zelda agreed to marry him. However, their marriage was troubled by wild drinking, fighting, infidelity （不忠）and bitter recriminations(互相指责). ). Earnest Earnest Earnest Hemingway, Hemingway, Hemingway, whom whom whom Zelda Zelda Zelda disliked, disliked, disliked, blamed blamed blamed her her her for for for Scott’s Scott’s declining declining literary literary literary output, output, output, though though though she she she has has has also also also been been been portrayed portrayed portrayed as as as the the the victim victim victim of of of an an an overbearing overbearing husband. husband. Actually, Actually, Actually, Zelda Zelda Zelda was was was also also also creative, creative, creative, pursuing pursuing pursuing both both both dancing dancing dancing and and and writing. writing. writing. Some Some Some scholars scholars have portrayed Zelda as a creative talent ignored by the patriarchal （男权的）society of the day. Her inspiration was even drawn by her husband in literary creation. Scott used their relationship as material material in in in his his his novels, novels, novels, even even even borrowing borrowing borrowing episodes episodes episodes from from from Zelda’s Zelda’s Zelda’s diary diary diary and and and applying applying applying them them them into into into his his fictional writings. She detested her husband’s practice: ―Mr. Fitzgerald—I believe that is how he spells his name —seems to believe that plagiarism begins at home.ǁ To seek an artistic i—seems to believe that plagiarism begins at home.ǁ To seek an artistic i dentity of her own, Zelda wrote independently to declare her own value, as she put it ―I wish I could write a beautiful book to break those hearts that are soon to cease to exist.ǁNevertheless Nevertheless her her her unique unique unique personality personality personality was was was starting starting starting to to to seem seem seem more more more unbalanced unbalanced unbalanced than than than charming. charming. The couple —like the rest of the nation —was living on borrowed time. In October 1929 the stock market crashed, triggering the Great Depression. Six months later, Zelda suffered her first nervous breakdown. After being diagnosed with schizophrenia （精神分裂）, she was increasingly confined to specialist clinics, and since then has departed with her husband. Zelda died later in a fire at her hospital in Asheville, North Carolina, putting an end to her flamboyant life. 56. Where will you most probably find this article? A. In a newspaper. B. In a literary magazine. C. In a prepared speech. D. In a research report. 57. Which phrase can best summarize the relationship between F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda? A. Ideal partnership. B. Unbalanced love relationship. C. Love-hate relationship. D. Mutually-jealous relationship. 58. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article? A. Fitzgerald successfully won Zelda’s heart by reading her his novels and writing her weekly letters. B. B. Hemingway Hemingway Hemingway disliked disliked disliked Zelda Zelda Zelda because because because of of of her her her female female female identity identity identity and and and talent talent talent that that that outshined outshined outshined her her husband. C. Zelda was glad to be her husband’s muse and provided him with literary materials.D. The ―Crazy Zeldaǁ died without Fitzgerald’s companion after severe schizophrenia.Keys: 56-58 BCDTwo 【2018届上海市上海实验中学高三英语下学期4月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A) I was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a a nearby nearby nearby hospital. hospital. hospital. My My My university's university's university's philosophy philosophy philosophy was was was to to to get get get students students students seeing seeing seeing patients patients patients early early early in in in their their education. education. Nice Nice Nice idea, idea, idea, but but but it it it overlooked overlooked overlooked one one one detail: detail: detail: second-year second-year second-year students students students know know know next next next to to to nothing nothing about medicine. Assigned to my team that day was an attending — a senior faculty member who was there mostly mostly to to to make make make patients patients patients feel feel feel they they they weren't weren't weren't in in in the the the hands hands hands of of of amateurs. amateurs. amateurs. Many Many Many attendings attendings attendings were were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis (关节炎) specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was, but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs. I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake. But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams, he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘粗气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia （肺炎）. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on. "It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied. So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye. At 8:40 a.m., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze. That was Mr. Adams's room. When we arrived, he was motionless. The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity capacity in in in half. half. His symptoms had been textbook : : heavy heavy heavy perspiration perspiration perspiration and and and shortness shortness shortness of of of breath breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help. This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will? 56. 56. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital? Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital? A. He himself wanted to have practice. B. Students of all majors had to do so. C. It was part of his medical training. D. He was on a research team. 57.While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught his attention EXCEPT _________. A. moving difficulty B. steady temperature C. faster heart rate D. breathing problem 58. ―His symptoms had been textbook ǁ means that his symptoms were_________. A. part of the textbook B. no longer in the textbook C. recently included in the textbook D. explained in the textbook 59. 59. At At the the end end end of of of the the the passage, passage, passage, the the the author author author expresses expresses expresses _________ _________ _________ about about about the the the medical medical medical education education system. A. optimism B. hesitation C. concern D. support Keys: 56-59 CADC Three 【2018届上海市华东师大二附中高三英语下学期3月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)Mrs. Bridge said that she judged people by their shoes and by their manners at the table. If someone wore shoes with run-over heels, or shoes that had not been shined for a long time, or shoes with broken laces, you could be pretty sure this person would be careless in other things as well. And there was no better way to judge a persons background than by watching him or her at the table. The children learned it was impolite to talk while eating, or to chew with the mouth open, and as they grew older they learned the more subtle manners not to butter an entire slice of bread, not to take more than one biscuit at a time, unless, of course, the hostess should insist. They were taught to keep their elbows close to their sides while cutting meat, and to hold the utensils in the tips of their fingers. They resisted the temptation to sup up the gravy with a piece of bread, and they made sure to leave a little of everything-not enough to be called wasteful, but just a little to indicate the meal had been suit And ally, they learned that a lady or a gentleman does not fold up a napkin after eating in a public place. The girls absorbed these matters with greater facility than Douglas, who tended to ask the son for everything, sometimes observing that he thought it was all pretty silly. He seemed particularly unable to eat with his left hand lying in his lap; he wanted to leave it on the table, to prop himself up, us it were, and claimed be got a backache with one arm in his lap. Mrs, Bridge told him this was absurd, and when he wanted to know why he could not put his elbow on the table she replied, " Do you want to be different from everyone else?ǁDouglas was doubtful, but after a long silence, and under the weight of his mother’stranquil gaze, he at last concluded he didn’t.The The American American American habit habit habit of of of switching switching switching implement, implement, implement, however, however, continued continued to to to give give give him him him trouble trouble andmake andmake him him him rebellious. rebellious. rebellious. With With With elaborate elaborate elaborate care care care he he he would would would put put put down down down the the the knife, knife, knife, reach reach reach high high high across across hisplate and descend on the left side to pick up the fork, raising it high over the plate again as hereturned to the starting position. "Now sop acting ridiculous, " she told him one day at lunch. Well, I sure bet the Egyptians don’t have to eat this way ,ǁ he muttered, giving ―Egyptiansǁ a vengeful emphasis.―I doubt if they do, she replied calmly, expertly cutting a triangle of pineapple from hersalad, "but you' re not an Egyptinn, So you eat the way Americans eat, and that’s final.ǁ56. Which of the following was considered acceptable table manners by Mrs. Bridge A. Fold up a napkin after having a meal in a public place B. Take more than one biscuits if the hostess insists C. Put the elbow on the table while eating D. Butter an entire slice of bread 57. Douglas claimed that he got a backache with one arm in his lap, because______. A.he didn’t want to be different from othersB. he was worried that his back might ache soon C. no one answered his question about the table manners D. he had to find an excuse for not obeying the rules 58. What did Douglas mean by saying "I sure bet the Egyptians don’t have to eat this way"? A. He thought it ridiculous to have the strange old table manners B. He didn’t think Americans should learn from the Egyptians.C. He thought Egyptians used to have strict rules about eating D. He hoped that his mothers could give in to him if he insisted. 59. what's the probable reason why Mrs Bridge put much emphasis on table manners? A. She believed that good table manners is a reflection of her family's social position B. She didn't want her family to be considered wasteful C. She thought it necessary to cultivate her children’s good eating habitsD. She found it embarrassing to obey her sons wishes Keys: 56-59:BDAA Four 【2018届上海市华东师大二附中高三英语11月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)Shoppers Shoppers in in in the the the UK UK UK are are are spending spending spending less less less money money money on on on toilet toilet toilet paper paper paper to to to save save save money,research money,research money,research has has shown. Penny pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidi rather than luxury alternatives. This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK.It has shrunk from £1.19 1.19 billion billion billion in in in 2011 2011 2011 to to to ££1.12 1.12 billion billion billion in in in 2015,according 2015,according 2015,according to to to a a a new new new report report report from from from market market market research research company Mintel.Furthermore,the future of the market looks far from rosy,with sales expected to fall future of the market looks far from rosy,with sales expected to fall further to £1.11 billion in 2016. In the last year alone,despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households,sales of toilet paper fell by 2%,with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from £43 in 2014 to £41 in 2015. Overall,almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper-including facial tissue tissue and and and kitchen kitchen kitchen roll roll roll——to to save save save money."Strength,softness money."Strength,softness and and thickness thickness thickness remain remain remain the the the leading leading indicators indicators ODM ODM ODM toilet toilet toilet paper paper paper quality,with quality,with quality,with just just just a a a small small small proportion proportion proportion of of of consumers consumers consumers preferring preferring preferring more more luxurious luxurious alternatives,such alternatives,such alternatives,such as as as those those those with with with flower flower flower patterns patterns patterns or or or perfume,"said perfume,"said perfume,"said Mintel Mintel Mintel analyst analyst analyst Jack Jack Duckett."These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers,which probably probably reflects reflects reflects how how how these these these types types types of of of products products products are are are typically typically typically more more more expensive expensive expensive than than than regular regular regular toilet toilet paper, even when on special offer." While consumers are spending less on toilet paper,they remain fussy-in theory at least-when it it comes comes comes to to to paper paper paper quality.Top quality.Top of of Britons' Britons' Britons' toilet toilet toilet paper paper paper wish wish wish list list list is is is softness(57%)followed softness(57%)followed softness(57%)followed by by strength(45%)and thickness(36%). One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations,highlighting considerations,highlighting how how how overall overall overall the the the environment environment environment is is is much much much less less less of of of a a a consideration consideration consideration for for shoppers shoppers than than than product product product quality.In quality.In quality.In a a a challenge challenge challenge for for for manufactures,81% manufactures,81% manufactures,81% of of of paper paper paper product product product users users users said said they they would would would consider consider consider buying buying buying recycled recycled recycled toilet toilet toilet tissue tissue tissue if if if it it it were were were comparable comparable comparable in in in quality quality quality to to to standard standard paper. 56.The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because. ABritons have cut their spending on it B.its prices have gone up over the year C.its quality has seen marked improvement D.Britons have developed the habit of saving 57.What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK? A.It will expand in time. B.It will remain gloomy. C.It will experience ups and downs. D.It will recover as population grows. 58.What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper? A.They are particular about the quality of toilet paper. B.They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most. C.They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper. D.They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features. 59.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environment. B.Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales. C.Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve. D.Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper. Keys: 56-59 ABAD Five 【2018届上海市上海中学高三英语模拟考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The teacherwho did the most to encourage me was, as it happens, my aunt.She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the the wife wife wife of of of my my my mother's mother's mother's brother brother brother Bill. Bill. Bill. She She She taught taught taught me me me in in in second second second gradeat gradeat gradeat all-black all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey. During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouragedme to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what wasconsidered practical or possible for black females.I liked to sing; sing; shelistened shelistened shelistened to to to my my my voice voice voice and and and pronounced pronounced pronounced it it it good.I good.I good.I couldn't couldn't couldn't dance; dance; dance; she she she taught taught taught me me me thebasic thebasic dancing steps.She took me to the theatre-not just children's theatre butadult comedies and dramas-and her faiththat I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed. My My aunt aunt aunt also also also took took took down down down books books books from from from her her her extensivelibrary extensivelibrary extensivelibrary and and and shared shared shared them them them with with with me.I me.I me.I had had books at home, but they were all serious classics.Even as a child I had a strongliking for humour, and I'llnever forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis's Archy & Mehitabel throughher. Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided myfirst opportunity to write for publication.A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to theeditor as a "youth columnist". My column, begun when I was fourteen,was supposed to cover teenage social activities-and it did-but it also gave methe freedom to write on many other subjects as well as as the the the habit habit habit of of of gatheringmaterial, gatheringmaterial, gatheringmaterial, the the the discipline discipline discipline of of of meeting meeting meeting deadlines, deadlines, deadlines, and, and, and, after after after graduation graduation fromcollege six years later, a solid collection of published material that carriedmy name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs. Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her "favouriteniece". Like a diamond, she she has has has reflected reflected reflected a a a bright, bright, bright, multifaceted multifaceted multifaceted ((多面的) ) image image image of of of possibilities possibilities possibilities to to to every every every pupilwho pupilwho pupilwho has has crossed her path. 56. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhoodand youth? A. She lent her some serious classics. B. She cultivated her taste for music. C. She discovered her talent for dancing. D. She introduced her to adult plays. 57. What does Archy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? A. A book of great fun. B. A writer of high fame. C. A serious masterpiece. D. A heartbreaking play. 58. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ________. A. develop her capabilities for writing B. give her a chance to collect material C. involve her in teenage social activities D. offer her a series of writing jobs 59. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who________. A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplined B. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potential C. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning Keys: 56-59 DAAB [来Six 【2018届上海市建平中学高三英语11月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Not too many decades ago it seemed ―obviousǁ both to the general public and to sociologists that that modern modern modern society society society has has has changed changed changed people’s people’s people’s natural natural natural relations, relations, relations, loosened loosened loosened their their their responsibilities responsibilities responsibilities to to relatives and neighbors, and substituted in their place loose relationships with passing acquaintances(相识之人). However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the the ―obviousǁ ―obviousǁ i s is is not not not true. true. true. It It seems seems that that that if if if you you you are are are a city a city resident, resident, you you you typically typically typically know know know a a a smaller smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most most part, part, part, this this fact fact has has has few few few significant significant significant consequences. consequences. consequences. It It It does does does not not not necessarily necessarily necessarily follow follow follow that that that if if if you you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with relatives than are big-city residents are. Yet city residents make up for it by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities more likely to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities are. However, city residents do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These These findings findings findings do do do not not not imply imply imply that that that urbanism urbanism urbanism makes makes makes little little little or or or no no no difference. difference. difference. If If If neighbors neighbors neighbors are are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be be a a a link link link between between between a a a community’s community’s community’s population population population size size size and and and its its its social social social heterogeneity(heterogeneity(多样性). ). For For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city residents are also more likely than their 。

Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Paris climate agreement finalized in December last year heralded a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African of small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Pairs agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below”2℃is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Pairs talks are very unlikelyto deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization of the polices outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emission reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.56. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because_____________.A) it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB) it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ onlyC) it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesD) it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility.57.Why does the author compare the “forced riders” to second-hand smokers?A) They have little responsibility for public health problems.B) They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.C) They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.D) They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.58.What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?A) It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B) There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C) There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.D) It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.59. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement?A) Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.B) Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C) Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.D) Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.Keys: 56-59 A C B DSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Away from home, and eating is more than just a way to keep your stomach full. It is a language all its own, and no words can say ‚“Glad to meet you…glad to be doing business with you…” quite like sharing a meal offered by your heart.Clearly, mealtime is not the time for you to say. “ Thanks, but no thanks.” Acceptance of the host, country, and company. So, no matter how difficult it may be to swallow, swallow. Or, as one experienced traveler says, “Travel with a cast-iron stomach and eat everything everywhere.”Often, the food offered represents proudly your host country’s proudest cooking achievement .What would America think of a French person who refused to take a bite of homemade apple pie or sizzling steak? Our discomfort comes not so much from the thing itself; it comes from our unfamiliarity with it. After all, an oyster has remarkably the same look as a sheep’s eye, and a first something you dip in butter and eat. By the way, in Saudi Arabia sheep’s eyes are a delicacy, in par ts of China it’s bear’s paw soup.Can you refuse such food without being rude? Most experienced business travelers say no, at least not before taking at least a few bites. It helps, though, to slice any item very thin. This way, you minimize the texture—gristly（软骨的）,slimy（粘滑的）and so on---and the reminder of where it came from. Or, “Swallow it quickly.” as one traveler recommends, “I still can’t tell you what sheep’s eyeballs taste like.” As for dealing with taste, the old line that “it tastes just like chicken” is often thankfully true. Even when “it” is really rat or snake.Another useful piece of advice is not knowing what you are eating. What’s for dinner? Don’t ask. Avoid glancing into the kitchen or looking at English-language menus. Your host will be pleased that you are eating the food he offers, and who knows? Maybe it really is the chicken in that soup.56. Who is the passage most probably written for?A. Those who are going to have trip abroad.B. Those who want to cook food from another countryC. Those who are going to teach people from different countriesD. Those who want to take part in an international cooking contest57. The phrase “a cast-iron stomach” probably refers to a stomach_____________.A. equipped with iron devicesB. never failing youC. sensitive to various tastesD. not allergic to iron58. Which of the following is NOT suggested by the passage when you are offered some food youdon’t like?A. Cutting it into small piecesB. Swallowing it without hesitationC. Avoid figuring out what it isD. Pleasing the host while eating59. Which of the following can be served as a conclusion for the passage?A. Chicken is a delicacy for everyone.B. “It tastes like chicken” may help.C. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.D. Eating various things can keep you fit. Keys: 56-59 ABDCSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Conventional wisdom has it that concern for the environment is a luxury only the rich world can afford; that only people whose basic needs for food and shelter have been met can start worrying about the health of the planet. This survey will argue that developing countries, too, should be thinking about the environment. True, in the rich countries a strong environmental movement did not emerge until long after they had become industrialized, a stage that many developing countries have yet to reach. And true, many of the developed world's environmentalconcerns have little to do with immediate threats to its inhabitants' wall-being. People worry about whether carbon-dioxide emissions might lead to a warmer climate next century, or whether genetically engineered crops might have unforeseen consequences for the ecosystem. That is why, when rich world environmentalists' campaign against pollution in poor countries, they are often accused of naivety. Such countries, the critics say, have more pressing concerns, such as getting their people out of poverty.But the environmental problems that developing countries should worry about are different from those that western pundits have fashionable arguments over. They are not about potential problems in the next century, but about indisputable harm being caused to conventional wisdom, solving such problems need not hurt economic growth; indeed dealing with them now will generally be cheaper than leaving them to cause further harm.In most developing countries pollution seems to be getting worse, not better. Most big cities in Latin America, for example, are suffering rising levels of air pollution. Populations in these countries are growing so fast that improvements in water supply have failed to keep up with the number of extra people. Worldwide, about a billion people still have no access to clean water, and water contaminated by sewage is estimated to kill some 2 million children every year. Throughout Latin America, Asia, Africa, forests are disappearing, causing not just long-term concern about climate change but also immediate economic damage. Forest fires in Indonesia in 1997 produced a huge blanket of smog that enveloped much of South-East Asia and kept the tourists away. It could happen again, and probably will.Recent research suggests that pollution in developing countries is far more than a minor irritation: it imposes a heavy economic cost. A Word Bank study put the cost of air and water pollution in China at $54 billion a year, equivalent to an astonishing 8% of the country's GDP. Another study estimated the health costs of air pollution in Jakarta and Bangkok in the early 1990s at around 10% of these cities' income. These are no more than educated guesses, but whichever way the sums are done, the cost is not negligible.56. T he critics of rich world environmentalists’ campaign against pollution in poor countries holdthat poor countries should be more concerned about_____________.A. The potential greenhouse effectB. The bad consequences of genetically engineered cropsC. How to get rid of povertyD. How to develop education57. which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Developing countries should worry about the harm caused by polluted water and air.B. Developing countries’ economy will develop more rapidly if they deal with environmentalproblems right now.C. The conventional wisdom holds that dealing with environmental problems now willgenerally cost less.D. The conventional wisdom has it that solving environment problems may hurt economicgrowth.58. The underlined word “pundits” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____________.A. expertsB. politiciansC. institute’sD. educators59. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?A. To analyze the difference between the environmental problems in rich and poor countries.B. To explain why developing countries should handle the environmental problemsimmediately.C. To demonstrate what serious damage pollution can do to a country’s economicdevelopment.D. To explain why rich countries’ environmental concerns have little to do immediate threats.Keys: 56-59 CDABSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Pacific Science Center Guide◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s StoreDon’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit. The store is located upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.◆HungryOur exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonals. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.◆Rental InformationLockers are available to store any belongs during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny W ay entrance. ID required.◆Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. T oday Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over W ashington State.It’s an amazing accomplishment and one cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.56.Where are you buy a at Science CenterA. In Building 1.B. In Building 3.C. At the last Denny.D. At the Denny Way entrance.57.What’s the purpose of the last part of the text?A. To encourage donations.B. To advertise coming events.C. To introduce special exhibits.D. To tell about the Center’s history.Keys: 56-57 BASection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Personality may play only a small part in leadership effectiveness but there is no doubt that some leaders have a certain magic that leaves peers envious and followers entranced. If you could bottle this leadership X-factor —charisma- the queue of interested executives would be a long-one. But what qualities can these often highly successful leaders be said to possess?As individuals, charismatic leaders have highly developed communication skills, including the ability to convey emotions easily and naturally to others, says Ronald Riggio, professor of leadership and organizational psychology. “They are able to inspire and arouse the emotions of followers through their emotional expressiveness and verbal skills.”“They, connect with followers because they seem to truly understand others' fee lings and concerns.”“And they are great role models because they have the ability to engage others socially and display appropriate role-playing skills that allow them to walk the talk,” Professor Riggio says.“One quality we like in our leaders is if the y are seen to really represent us. We think someone is more charismatic, the more they represent our collective identity,” Professor Van Knippenberg says. In this way, a charismatic leader is somehow a larger-than-life version of ourselves.Academics say that charismatic leaders also manage to stand out from the crowd. They might do this by being unconventional or by taking a different approach to problem-solving, for example.“They are up for new things, and they are not stuck in the status quo. They are o pen-to out-of-the-box thin ki ng, etc. An optimistic, energetic quality helps us to see leadership qualities in them and makes us open to their influence,” he says.“A lot of charismatic leadership, and leadership in general, is very contextual. It's really entrepreneurial firms. It's also good for turnarounds if the organization is in a bad state because itKai Peters, the chief executive of Ashridge Business School.But not every organization needs a charismatic leader. Leaders loaded with the X®1 narcissistic(自恋的)，self-glorifying, exploitative and authoritarian (专制的).As Peters says: “ Where it is a problem is where you have' look at me, I'm a star'.”56.Which word is closest in meaning to charisma in the first paragraph?A.charmB. characterC. gratitudeD. optimism57.The charismatic leaders become great role models due to their___________.A. proper role-playing skillsB. subtle emotional expressivenessC. marvelous problem-solving abilityD. unconventionality in the crowds58. According to Professor Knippenberg, what kind of leaders would be welcomed by us?A. The one who has a heroical image.B. The one who can speak for us.C. The one who is a collective version of us.D. The one who resembles us in characteristic.59.Wha t’s Peters’ attitude towards the contextual feature of charismatic leadership?A. CriticalB. ApprovedC. NeutralD. SuspiciousKeys: 56-57 BACCSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I was at the funeral of my dearest friend--my mother. She finally had lost her long battle with cancer. The hurt was so intense; I found it hard to breathe at times. Always supportive, mother clapped loudest at my school plays, held a box of tissue while listening to my first heartbreak, comforted me at my fa ther’s death, and prayed for me my entire life.When mother’s illness was diagnosed, my sister had a new baby and my brother had recently married his childhood sweetheart, so it fell on me, the 27-year-old middle to take care of her. I counted it an honor. My place had been with our mother, preparing her meals,taking her to the doctor, reading the Bible together. Now she was in heaven. My work was finished, and I was alone.Deep in sorrow, suddenly, I heard a door open and slam shut at the back of the church. Quick steps hurried along the carpeted floor. A young man looked around briefly and then sat next to me. He folded his hands and placed them on his lap. His eyes started to be filled with tears.“I’m late,” he explained, though no explanation was nece ssary.After several eulogies, he leaned over and commented, “Why do they keep calling Mary by the name of Margaret?”“Because that was her name, Margaret. Never Mary.” I whispered, wondering who was this stranger anyway?“ Isn’t this the Lutheran church?”“Oh...”“I believe you’re at the wrong funeral, sir.”The solemnness(庄重) of the occasion mixed with realization of the man’s mistake bubbled up inside me and came out as laughter. Sharp looks from other mourners(哀悼者) only made the situation seem stupid. I peeked at the confused, misguided man seated beside me. He was laughingtoo, as he glanced around, deciding it was too late for an uneventful exit. I imagined Mother laughing.At the final ‘Amen’, we rush ed out a door and into the parking lot. “I do believe we’ll be the talk of the town. By the way, my name is Rick.” he smiled.That afternoon began a lifelong journey for me with this man who attended the wrong funeral, but was in the right place. A year after our meeting, we were married at a country church. This time we both arrived at the same church, right on time.In my time of sorrow, he gave me laughter. In place of loneliness, God gave me love. This past June, we celebrated our twenty-second anniversary. Whenever anyone asks us how we met, Rick tells them “Her mother and my Aunt Mary introduced us, and it’s truly a match made in Heaven.”56. Only author could take care of her mom mainly because___________.A. she was the only child in the family.B. a lovely baby came into her brother’s family.C. she was the only child without a new family’s burden.D. her mom loved her much more than other children.57. What can we infer from the passage?A. The author and Rick met 22 years ago for the first time.B. The author was supposed to have been in Lutheran Church.C. Margaret should be the name of Rick’s aunt.D. The mourners considered the author’s joy improper.58. What could be the best title of the passage?A. Hope Remaining at the FuneralB. A Heavenly EncounterC. Two Funerals at One TimeD. Seeking God’s Everlasting LoveKeys: 56-58 CDBSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiment s and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Other find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out—often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves—they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences.Perhaps college doesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things—may it is just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merelythe ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy(异端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.56..According to the passage all of the following statements are true EXCEPT____________．A.about half of the high school graduates continue their studies at schoolB.college graduates are believed to be able to earn more moneyC.administrators often encourage college students to drop outD.more and more young people are found unfit for college57.According to the passage, the problems of college education partly originate in the fact that___________.A.society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained graduates.B.High school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education.C.Too many students have to earn their own living.D.College administrators encourage students to drop out.58.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Our college experience proves that those surveys are incorrect．B．The surveys may remind us of our beautiful college experiences．C．The surveys should all be re－examined according to our college experiences．D．Our college experiences may make us misunderstand the results of the surveys．59.What is the main purpose of this passage?A．To argue against the idea that college is the best place for all young people．B．To put forward an idea that college should not be the first choice．C．To value young people’s further education in colleges．D．To persuade young people into working after the completing of high school．Keys: 56-59 CBDASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sebastian Faulks has written many novels, including Devil May Care, the latest James Bond book. This cutting comes from a very different kind of novel called Charlotte Gray. The setting is a transit (中转) camp near Paris during the Second World War, where a group of people, including two small children, Andre and Jacob, await transport to take them to a concentration camp outside France. Although these people - the ‘deportees’ of the cutt ing - are not fully aware of this, they face certain death.The Last NightAndre was lying on the floor when a man came with postcards on which the deportees might write a final message. He advised them to leave them at the station or throw them from the train as camp orders forbade access to the post. Two or three pencils that had survived the camps search were passed round among the people in the room. Some wrote with weeping passion, some with great care, as though their safety, or at least the way in which they were remembered, depended upon their choice of words.A woman came with a sandwich for each child to take on the journey. She also had a bucket of water, round which they gathered, holding out food cans they passed from one to another. One of the older boys hugged her in his gratitude, but the bucket was soon empty. When she was gone, there were only the small hours of the night to go through. Andre was lying on the straw, and Jacob leaned close to him for warmth.Five buses had come in through the main entrance, and now stood trembling in the corner of the yard. At a long table …the commandant of the camp himself sat with a list of names that another policeman was calling out in alphabetical order. Andre heard his name and moved with Jacob towards the bus. From the other side of the courtyard, from windows open on the dawn, a shower of food was thrown towards them by women crying and calling out their names.Andre looked up, and in a chance angle of light he saw a woman’s face in which the eyes were fixed with terrible fierceness on a child beside him. Why did she stare as though she hated him? Then it came to Andre that she was not looking in hatred, but had kept her eyes so intensely open in order to fix the picture of her child in her mind. She wa s looking to remember, for ever….56. What can we learn from the first part of the passage?A. The background and the situation of World War Ⅱ.B. The transit camp and the transportation in Paris.C. The author, the setting and the main characters.D. The main idea and the names on the list.57. Which of the following is true about the things going on in the transit camp?A. The deportees were eager to leave their final messages.B. A humble breakfast was served to children late that morning.C. Andre h appened to witness the deportees’ routine camp life.D. The camp commandant stood by a long table calling the roll.。

One【2018届上海市上海实验学校高三英语10月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Zelda Fitzgerald, as is revealed by numerous personal books and letters, wore many labels in her life.She was―the original flapper‖girl and―the spirit of the Jazz Age.‖Married to the celebrated writer F. Scott Fitzgerald (author of The Great Gatsby), she was by turns his muse and the woman who ruined his life. In her later years she was ―Crazy Zelda.‖Accurate as all these descriptions may be,they do not tell the whole story.Born in Montgomery, Alabama, she was noted for her beauty and high spirits in dancing. In July 1918, at a country club dance, Fitzgerald was hooked immediately by the beautiful and charming 18-year-old Zelda who outshined other beauties with her distinguished ballet. A light affection evolved into a lengthy long-distance pursuit of weekly letters, with Fitzgerald aware of her uncommitted dating of other men. He courted her feverishly, reading her his stories and parts of his unfinished novel. He proposed after his discharge from the Army in February1919,but Zelda had doubts.Her fiancé wasn’t rich and there was no guarantee he’d ever be famous. His short stories didn’t sell. His attempt was a dump.Zelda gave back the ring.Hoping to fix the―no money‖part of his problem,Fitzgerald quit the job and started to rewrite novels for success and money so that he could win back his girl. Finally, he made it！On March 20, 1920, his novel This Side of Paradise got published and Zelda agreed to marry him.However, their marriage was troubled by wild drinking, fighting, infidelity（不忠）and bitter recriminations(互相指责).Earnest Hemingway,whom Zelda disliked,blamed her for Scott’s declining literary output,though she has also been portrayed as the victim of an overbearing husband.Actually,Zelda was also creative,pursuing both dancing and writing.Some scholars have portrayed Zelda as a creative talent ignored by the patriarchal（男权的）society of the day. Her inspiration was even drawn by her husband in literary creation. Scott used their relationship as material in his novels,even borrowing episodes from Zelda’s diary and applying them into his fictional writings. She detested her husband’s practice: ―Mr. Fitzgerald—I believe that is how hespells his name—seems to believe that plagiarism begins at home.‖ To seek an artistic i dentity of her own, Zelda wrote independently to declare her own value, as she put it ―I wish I could write a beautiful book to break those hearts that are soon to cease to exist.‖Nevertheless her unique personality was starting to seem more unbalanced than charming. The couple—like the rest of the nation—was living on borrowed time. In October 1929 the stock market crashed, triggering the Great Depression. Six months later, Zelda suffered her first nervous breakdown. After being diagnosed with schizophrenia（精神分裂）, she was increasingly confined to specialist clinics, and since then has departed with her husband. Zelda died later in a fire at her hospital in Asheville, North Carolina, putting an end to her flamboyant life.56. Where will you most probably find this article?A. In a newspaper.B. In a literary magazine.C.In a prepared speech.D. In a research report.57. Which phrase can best summarize the relationship between F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda?A. Ideal partnership.B. Unbalanced love relationship.C. Love-hate relationship.D. Mutually-jealous relationship.58. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?A.Fitzgerald successfully won Zelda’s heart by reading her his novels and writing her weekly letters.B.Hemingway disliked Zelda because of her female identity and talent that outshined her husband.C.Zelda was glad to be her husband’s muse and provided him with literary materials.D.The ―Crazy Zelda‖ died without Fitzgerald’s companion after severe schizophrenia.Keys: 56-58 BCDTwo【2018届上海市上海实验中学高三英语下学期4月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds atphilosophy was to getstudents seeingpatients e arly in theira nearbyhospital.My university'seducation.N ice idea,but itoverlookedone detail:s econd-year students know next to nothingabout medicine.—a senior faculty member who was there Assigned to my team that day was an attendingmostly to make patients feelthey weren'tin the hands of amateurs.Many attendings wereresearchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis (关节炎) specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine,住院实习医生). These guys wereleast to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(just as green as I was, but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical schooso they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later,were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients andintern had the other five - piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams, he was sitting up in bed, sweating喘粗气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his heavily and panting (lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs andsaw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It diseem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia（肺炎）. So I asked Mr. Adams what hethought was going on."It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would retin a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 a.m., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker.I froze.That was Mr. Adams's room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism(肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathincapacity in half.His symptoms had been textbook:heavy perspiration and shortness o f breathdespite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will?56. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?A. He himself wanted to have practice.C. It was part of his medical training.B. Students of all majors had to do so.D. He was on a research team.57.While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught his attention EXCEPT_________.A. moving difficultyB. steady temperatureC. faster heart rateD. breathing problem58.―His symptoms had been textbook‖ means that his symptoms were_________.A. part of the textbookC. recently included in the textbook B. no longer in the textbookD. explained in the textbook59. At the end of the passage,the author expresses_________about the medical education system.A. optimismKeys:56-59CADCB. hesitationC. concernD. supportThree【2018届上海市华东师大二附中高三英语下学期3月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Mrs. Bridge said that she judged people by their shoes and by their manners at the table. If someone wore shoes with run-over heels, or shoes that had not been shined for a long time, orshoes with broken laces, you could be pretty sure this person would be careless in other things as well. And there was no better way to judge a persons background than by watching him or her at the table.The children learned it was impolite to talk while eating, or to chew with the mouth open, and as they grew older they learned the more subtle manners not to butter an entire slice of bread, not to take more than one biscuit at a time, unless, of course, the hostess should insist. They were taught to keep their elbows close to their sides while cutting meat, and to hold the utensils in the tips of their fingers. They resisted the temptation to sup up the gravy with a piece of bread, and they made sure to leave a little of everything-not enough to be called wasteful, but just a little to indicate the meal had been suit And ally, they learned that a lady or a gentleman does not fold up a napkin after eating in a public place.The girls absorbed these matters with greater facility than Douglas, who tended to ask the son for everything, sometimes observing that he thought it was all pretty silly. He seemed particularly unable to eat with his left hand lying in his lap; he wanted to leave it on the table, to prop himself up, us it were, and claimed be got a backache with one arm in his lap. Mrs, Bridge told him this was absurd, and when he wanted to know why he could not put his elbow on the table she replied, " Do you want to be different from everyone else?‖Douglas was doubtful, but after a long silence, and under the weight of his mother’stranquil gaze, he at last concluded he didn’t.The American habit of switching implement,however,continued to give him trouble andmake him rebellious.With elaborate care he would put down the knife,reach high across hisplate and descend on the left side to pick up the fork, raising it high over the plate again as hereturned to the starting position."Now sop acting ridiculous, " she told him one day at lunch.Well,I sure bet the Egyptians don’t have to eat this way,‖he muttered,giving ―Egyptians‖ a vengeful emphasis.―I doubt if they do, she replied calmly, expertly cutting a triangle of pineapple from hersalad, "but you' re not an Egyptinn, So you eat the way Americans eat, and that’s final.‖56. Which of the following was considered acceptable table manners by Mrs. BridgeA. Fold up a napkin after having a meal in a public placeB. Take more than one biscuits if the hostess insistsC. Put the elbow on the table while eatingD. Butter an entire slice of bread57. Douglas claimed that he got a backache with one arm in his lap, because______.A.he didn’t want to be different from othersB. he was worried that his back might ache soonC. no one answered his question about the table mannersD. he had to find an excuse for not obeying the rules"?58. What did Douglas mean by saying "I sure bet the Egyptians don’t have to eat this wayA. He thought it ridiculous to have the strange old table mannersB. He didn’t think Americans should learn from the Egyptians.C. He thought Egyptians used to have strict rules about eatingD. He hoped that his mothers could give in to him if he insisted.59. what's the probable reason why Mrs Bridge put much emphasis on table manners?A. She believed that good table manners is a reflection of her family's social positionB. She didn't want her family to be considered wastefulC. She thought it necessary to cultivate her children’s good eating habitsD. She found it embarrassing to obey her sons wishesKeys:56-59:BDAAFour【2018届上海市华东师大二附中高三英语11月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money,research has shown.Penny pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidi rather than luxury alternatives.This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK.It has shrunk from £1.19billion in2011to£1.12billion in2015,according to a new report from market research company Mintel.Furthermore,the future of the market looks far from rosy,with sales expected to fall future of the market looks far from rosy,with sales expected to fall further to £ 1.11 billion in 2016.In the last year alone,despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households,sales of toilet paper fell by 2%,with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from £43 in 2014 to £41 in 2015.Overall,almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper-including facial tissue and kitchen roll—to save money."Strength,softness and thickness remain the leading indicators ODM toilet paper quality,with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives,such as those with flower patterns or perfume,"said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett."These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers,which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer."While consumers are spending less on toilet paper,they remain fussy-in theory at least-when it comes to paper quality.Top of Britons'toilet paper wish list is softness(57%)followed by strength(45%)and thickness(36%).One in10buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations,highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality.In a challenge for manufactures,81%of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.56.The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because.ABritons have cut their spending on it B.its prices have gone up over the yearC.its quality has seen marked improvementD.Britons have developed the habit of saving57.What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?A.It will expand in time.B.It will remain gloomy.C.It will experience ups and downs.D.It will recover as population grows.58.What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?A.They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.B.They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.C.They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.D.They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.59.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environment.B.Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales.C.Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve.D.Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper.Keys: 56-59ABADFive【2018届上海市上海中学高三英语模拟考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The teacherwho did the most to encourage me was, as it happens, my aunt.She was Myrtle C. Manigault,the wife of my mother's brother Bill.She taught me in second gradeat all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouragedme to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what wasconsidered practical or possible for black females.I liked to sing;shelistened to my voice and pronounced it good.I couldn't dance;she taught me thebasic dancing steps.She took me to the theatre-not just children's theatre butadult comedies and dramas-and her faiththat I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.My aunt also took down books from her extensivelibrary and shared them with me.I had books at home, but they were all serious classics.Even as a child I had a strongliking for humour, and I'llnever forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis's Archy & Mehitabel throughher.Most important,perhaps,Aunt Myrtle provided myfirst opportunity to write for publication.A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to theeditor as a "youth columnist". My column, begun when I was fourteen,was supposed to cover teenage social activities-and it did-but it also gave methe freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gatheringmaterial,the discipline of meeting deadlines,and,after graduation fromcollege six years later, a solid collection of published material that carriedmy name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her "favouriteniece". Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright,multifaceted(多面的)image of possibilities to every pupilwho has crossed her path.56. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhoodand youth?A. She lent her some serious classics. C. She discovered her talent for dancing.B. She cultivated her taste for music.D. She introduced her to adult plays.57. What does Archy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?A. A book of great fun.B. A writer of high fame.C. A serious masterpiece.D. A heartbreaking play.58. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ________.A. develop her capabilities for writing C. involve her in teenage social activitiesB. give her a chance to collect material D. offer her a series of writing jobs59. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who________.A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplinedB. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potentialC. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupilsD. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learningKeys:56-59DAABSix【2018届上海市建平中学高三英语11月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Not too many decades ago it seemed ―obvious‖ both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations,loosened their responsibilities to relatives and neighbors,and substituted in their place loose relationships with passing acquaintances(相识之人). However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the―obvious‖is not true.It seems that if you are a city resident,you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part,this fact has few significant consequences.It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with relatives than are big-city residents are. Yet city residents make up for it by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city.Nor are residents of large communities more likely to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities are. However, city residents do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference.If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity(多样性).For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city residents are also more likely than theirsmall-town residents to have a cosmopolitan(见多识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional family roles,to vote for leftist political candidates,and to be willing to accept nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.56. According to the paragraph 1, it was once a common belief that people in modern society__________ .A) tended to acquaint themselves with people passing byB) could not develop very close relationships with othersC) bore great responsibilities to neighbors and relativesD) usually had more friends than small-town residents57. One of the consequences of urbanism is that the city residents __________.A. suffer from the lack of friendshipB. lower the quality of relationshipsC. show little concern for other peopleD. become suspicious of each other58.We can learn from the passage that the bigger a community is,__________A) the more open-minded people are B. the more similar its interests isC) the more likely it it to display stress D)the better the quality of life is59. What is the passage mainly about?A. Advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities or small townsB. Minor differences in the interpersonal relations between cities and townsC The positive role that urbanism has been playing in our modern society.D The strong feeling of alienation that city residents are suffering.Keys:56-59BCABSeven【2018届上海市上海中学高三上学期11月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read..(A)The Paris climate agreement finalized in December last year heralded(预示着…的到来)a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate―free-riders‖:causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring(招致) few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels,while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many ―forced riders‖, who are suffering from the c limate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem.Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all,although the details on addressing―climate justice‖can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise ―well below‖ 2 degree is commendable(值得称赞的) but the emissions- reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than$100billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions,effectively ignoring historical emissions.There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating theglobal disease from which they now suffer the most.There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization(组织,动员) of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.56. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because .A) it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB) it aims to keep temperature rise below onlyC) it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesD) it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility57. Why does the author compare the ―forced riders‖ to second-hand smokers?A) They have little responsibility for public health problems.B) They are easily affected by unhealthy environmental conditions.C) They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.D) They are unaware of the potential risks they are facing.58. What does the author say about the $ 100 billion funding?A) It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B) There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C) There is no explanation of how the money will be spent.D) It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.59. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement?A) Encouraging developing nations to take the initiative.B) Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C) Pushing the current world leaders to reach agreement.D) Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.Keys:56-59ACBDEight【2018届上海市建平中学高三上学期12月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）As a person who writers about food and drink for a living, I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping,too.Research suggest otherwise.You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money you server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a letter value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you .Well , if this were true we would all be slipping a few 100 dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are , are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more up–front for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.。

2017届高三年级八校联合调研英语试卷2016年11月(满分140分，考试时间120分钟)第I卷（共90分）II. Grammar and VocabularySection A(10×1=10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women (21) _______(search) for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it. Far-fetched Hollywood? Well, from the world history point of view, romance did, in fact, set down its roots in Rome.The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive, (22) _______means “to write in a Romance language,” and on to the English romance.The Romance languages (23) ____________(compose) of seven groups of languages that all have Latin (24) ______ their basis. These languages include French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. The common people in ancient Rome spoke (25)________ is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech, as opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated. Most language experts agree that Vulgar Latin is the chief source of the Romance languages.Medieval Romances were tales (26) __________(write)primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought (27) __________(develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th century and on through the 19th, a romance was not a love story (28) _________ a work of prose fiction that contained far-fetched, mysterious events. Romances of this period (29) _________(include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole.What exactly is a twentieth-century romance ? Does it have any relationship with the lively, popular novels written today, with their fantastic plots of love affairs? Or did the playwright Oscar Wilde have it right in The Picture of Dorian Gray: “ When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving (30) _________, and one always ends by deceiving others. That is what the world calls a romance.”Section B（10×1=10分）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.astonishinglyB. surroundingC. collapseD. unnoticedE. interruptedF. previouslyG. congratulateH. predictionsI. potential J. producing K. propertiesIn the wake of the historic announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves on February 11, 2016 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), British physicist and black hole theorist Stephen Hawking was quick to ____31___ the US-led collaboration, sharing his excitement for the historic news.According to Hawking, these results confirm several very important ____32___ of Einstein’s theory of general relativity and it also confirms the existence of gravitational waves directly.As is becoming clear, the direct detection of these ripples in space time not only confirms Einstein’s famous theory of general theory but it also opens our eyes to a(n) _33________ “dark” universe. Astronomers employ the electromagnetic spectrum（电磁光谱）to study the universe, but objects that do not radiate in the electromagnetic spectrum will go ___34____. But now we know how to detect gravitational waves, which can help us detect and study some of the most energetic cosmic phenomena.“Gravitational waves provide a completely new way of looking at the universe and the ability to detect them has the ___35___ to revolutionize astronomy” said Hawking. “The discovery is the first observation of black holes merging. The observed __36____ of this system are consistent with predictions about black holes that I made in 1970 in Cambridge.”However, this discovery also presents a puzzle for astrophysicists. The mass of each of the black holes are larger than expected for those formed by the gravitational __37_____ of a star---so how did both of these black holes become so massive?This question touches on one of the biggest mysteries ___38___ black hole evolution. Currently, astronomers are having a hard time understanding how black holes grow to be so massive. On the one end of the scale, there are “stellar mass（恒星质量）” black holes that form immediately after a massive star explodes, ___39____ an extremely bright light. And we also have an abundance of evidence for the existence of the super-massive that live in the centers of most galaxies. There is a disconnect, however. If black holes grow by merging and consuming stellar matter, there should be evidence of black holes of all sizes, but “intermediate mass” black holes and black holes of a few dozen solar masses are ____40____ rare, throwing some black holes evolution theories into doubt.One thing is clear, however. This is the first time that we’v e acquired direct evidence of a black hole merger. So it’s good to know we’re on the right track.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A（15×1=15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Cowboy or spaceman ? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our 41 , he warne d, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources,42 ____ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is 43 a grassland than a spaceship---a closed system, alone in space, carrying exhaustible supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental 44 . In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. “Ecological economists,” as they call themselves, want to 45 __ its aims and assumptions. What do they say -- and will their ideas take off?To its 46 , ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is 47 in traditional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a huge mistake.There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through maximum use of resources. Only the 48 , they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP (gross domestic product), a simple 49 which does not take into account resource exhaustion, unpaid work and countless other factors.50 , they advocate more holistic approaches, such as GPI (genuine progress indicator)，a composite（复合的）index that include things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person 51 in 1978: by destroying our environment, we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, according to experts, lies in a “steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held 52 .Mainstream economists are not 53 . GPI, they point out, is a subjective standard. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, who predicted in the 18th century, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists 54 self-satisfaction. In 2009, a paper in Nature argued that human activity is already 55 safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change. That suggests ecologist economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.41. A. grassland B. nation C. economy D. spaceship42. A. ignorant B. confident C. astonished D. anxious43. A. less B. smaller C. more D. larger44. A. movements B. influences C. limits D. threats45. A. reject B. realize C. resemble D. revolutionize46. A. challengers B. learners C. advocates D. professors47. A. addressed B. ignored C. opposed D. reflected48. A. advanced B. former C. latter D. scientific49. A. number B. product C. idea D. measure50. A. In addition B. For example C. In other words D. In its place51.A. peaked B. plunged C. persisted D. paused52.A. sufficient B. efficient C. constant D. adequate53.A. impressed B. involved C. concerned D. appointed54.A. call for B. contribute to C. warn against D. refer to55.A. setting B. overstepping C. extending D. redrawingSection B（11×2=22分）Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Every April I am troubled by the same concern -- that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing gray. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine 15 years ago. "Just wait," a neighbor advised. "You'll wake up one morning and spring will just be here."And look, on May 3 that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and green. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward.Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree's dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned（未经修剪的）abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple.Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out with pruner to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens.My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak."You're not cutting it down, are you?" she asked anxiously. Another neighbor frowned as I cut off a branch. "Don't kill it, now," he warned. Soon half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people's names, what they did for a living and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn't help recalling Robert Frost's words:The trees that have it in their pent-up budsTo darken nature and be summer woodsOne thaw led to another. Just the other day I saw one of my neighbors at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood. And then, he looked at me and said, "We need to prune that apple tree again."56. By saying that “my spirits ebb” (Para. 1), the author means that _________________.A.he feels relievedB. he feels blueC. he is surprisedD. he is tired57. The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to _________________.A. be regarded as a delight in the neighborhoodB. have been abandoned by its original ownerC. have been neglected by everyone in the communityD. be appealing only to the author58. In Para. 4, “neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches” probably because ___________________________.A.they were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the treeB.they wanted to prevent the author from pruning the treeC.they were concerned about the safety of the treeD.they wanted to get to know the author59. It can be inferred that the author’s neighbor mentioned in the last paragraph most cared about _______________.A.when spring would arriveB. how to pass the long winterC. the neighborhood gatheringD. the pruning of the apple tree(B)Mount Cook National Park is home of the highest mountains and the longest glaciers. It is alpine(高山) in the purest sense---with skyscraping peaks, glaciers and permanent snow fields, all set under a star-studded sky.Key HighlightsAlthough it includes 23 peaks over 3,000 metres high, this park is very accessible. State Highway 80 leads to Mt Cook Village which is situated beside scenicLake Pukaki and provides a comfortable base for alpine activities. Far from city lights, the stargazing here is magnificent—Aoraki Mount Cook National Park formsthe majority of New Zealand's only International Dark Sky Reserve.Mountaineers regard the area to be the best climbing region, while less skilled adventurers find plenty of satisfaction with the mountain walks that lead to alpine tarns, herb fields and spectacular glacier views. Encounters with cheeky kea (mountain parrots) are part of the fun.Key ActivitiesMountain walksThere are 10 short walks beginning near the village. All tracks are formed andwell marked. The Red Tarns Track, Kea Point and the Hooker Valley Track each take around two hours return. For more experienced alpine hikers, there are three mountainpass routes—over the Mueller, Copland and Ball passes.Glacier viewing and skiingHelicopters and ski－planes provide access to the park's fabulous glaciers. The Tasman Glacier is an excellent choice for intermediate skiers, while the Murchison, Darwin and Bonney glaciers promise excitement for advanced skiers. From Octoberuntil May, you can explore the Tasman Glacier's terminal lake by boat.MountaineeringClimbing Mount Cook remains the ultimate challenge, but there are many other peaks to tempt experienced climbers. Tasman, Malte Brun, Elie de Beaumont, Seftonand La Perouse are quite popular..Key Tips●Climbers don't require permits, but are requested to complete a trip intentions form.●Local guides are available for climbing, walking and glacier skiing.●Winter climbing is an extreme sport—only recommended for well-prepared, experienced mountaineers.●The weather can change very suddenly—be prepared for heavy rainfall, snowand/or high winds.●The park has an airport serving domestic commercial flights and scenic flight operators.60. Which is one of the characteristics of Mount Cook National Park?A. It is alpine in the purest sense and hard to reach.B. It provides star-shining night skies for visitors.C. It attracts less skilled climbers to all alpine activities.D. It guarantees visitors a sight of cheeky kea.61. Mike is an experienced adventurer and may find ________ the most exciting.A. Mountaineering on Elie de BeaumontB. Mountain walks via Hooker Valley TrackC. Skiing on Tasman GlacierD. Climbing Mount Cook62. If you are a visitor to the park, you should ________．A. properly evaluate your own experience and skillB. get your permit prepared before you start to climbC. hire local guides to help you to train for climbingD. avoid exploring glaciers in winter(C)How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet debatable social policy questions.In many ways, our social statistics overstate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same horrible con sequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of survival, and when there were fewer effective social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing wealth, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing dominance of secondary earners among the unemployed and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably relieved the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overestimate the scale of hardship. Among themillions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the majority are from multiple-earner, relatively well-off families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market problems.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or long-time unemployment frequently interact to weaken the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times that unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment totals, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and non-cash transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such conflicting evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be counteracted(抵消）by job creation and economic stimulation. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.63. In Paragraph 2, t he author contrasts the 1930’s with the present in order to show that_____________.A. more people were unemployed in the 1930’sB. unemployment is more intolerable todayC. social programs are more in need nowD. income level has increased since the 1930’s64.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.A majority of low-wage workers receive earnings from more than one job.B.Repetition of short-term unemployment mainly contributes to people’s loss of working capacity.C. Many unemployed people are from families where other members are working.D. Labor market hardship is understated because fewer individuals are jobless than counted.65.It can be inferred from the passage that the effect of income transfers is often not felt by _________________.A. those doing a low-paid, part-time jobB. children in single-earner familiesC. workers who have just retiredD. full-time workers who become unemployed66. Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?A. What causes labor market problems that result in suffering.B. Why income statistics are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty.C. When poverty, employment, and earnings figures agree with each other.D. How statistics give an unclear picture of the labor-market-related suffering.Section C（4×2=8分）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Even being good at getting others to fight most efficiently is not being civilized.B. Most people believe those who have conquered the most nations are the greatest.C. However, every year conflicts between countries and nations still claim thousandsof lives.D. And not only has it won, but also because it has won, it has been in the right.E. So there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which tolearn better.F. People don’t fight and kill each other in the streets, but nations still behave like savages.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals, while the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seagoing boat, or calculated the length of the year but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. ____67_________It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. ____68_______. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. ___69______. For that is what going to war means; it means power is right.This is what the story of mankind has been like. But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beingsare very young indeed, babies of a few months old. Scientists assume that there has been life of some sort on the earth for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there has been civilized men for about eight thousand years.____70_____. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and killing. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.第II卷(共50分）I.Summary (10分)Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It's not piano lessons or dance classes. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity is going to a tutor. "I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It's costly," says Pat, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, "after finding out half my daughter's class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead"Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. "When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always yelling. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done."Tutoring isn't simply a private school phenomenon. Nor is it geared only toward lower-achieving students. In Canada alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year.Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. A special value is placed on education in Asia, where tutoring is viewed as an extension of the school day. As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed schedules. "A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework," says Julie Diamond, president of an American tutoring company. "Others couldn't help their children after Grade 3."There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. "Children used to get bullied (欺侮) for having a tutor," Diamond says. "Now it's becoming the norm to have one."Children don't seem to mind that they have a tutor. One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. "For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need," she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why? Her daughter has actually asked for one.II. Translation（3+3+4+5=15分）Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 没过多久，失主就来认领他的行李了。

2018高三英语11月联考试卷（带答案）w江淮十校day holiday, for I’m still so tired!A hope there to beB dream of there beingC dream there to beD look forward to have23 Working hard is not a _______ of great success, but it is among the essential requirementsA markB guaranteeC keyD signal24 In the Asian Games in South Korea, the Chinese team won _______ gold medals as JapanA more than 3 times as manyB 3 times more than asC as many more than 3 timesD as more than 3 times25 We should move on bravely on our life journey ______ difficulty we meet withA thoughB unlessC howeverD whatever26 Food is easy to _______ on hot summer days so it should be cooled or frozenA break awayB put awayC go offD give off27 —Could I smoke here?—I’m afraid smoking is not allowed here If you _______, go to the smoking room, pleaseA couldB mustC wouldD might28 When word came _______ Zhang Bichen became the winner of the “Voice of Chinabikes, but Europe is fast catching up The EU’s official statistics agency says the figure reached the one million e-bike mark two years ago, and sales have sharply increased since then。

2017届高三年级八校联合调研英语试卷2016年11月(满分140分，考试时间120分钟)第I卷（共90分）II. Grammar and VocabularySection A(10×1=10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women (21) _______(search) for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it. Far-fetched Hollywood? Well, from the world history point of view, romance did, in fact, set down its roots in Rome.The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive, (22) _______means “to write in a Romance language,” and on to the English romance.The Romance languages (23) ____________(compose) of seven groups of languages that all have Latin (24) ______ their basis. These languages include French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. The common people in ancient Rome spoke (25)________ is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech, as opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated. Most language experts agree that Vulgar Latin is the chief source of the Romance languages.Medieval Romances were tales (26) __________(write)primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought (27) __________(develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th century and on through the 19th, a romance was not a love story (28) _________ a work of prose fiction that contained far-fetched, mysterious events. Romances of this period (29) _________(include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole.What exactly is a twentieth-century romance ? Does it have any relationship with the lively, popular novels written today, with their fantastic plots of love affairs? Or did the playwright Oscar Wilde have it right in The Picture of Dorian Gray: “ When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving (30) _________, and one always ends by deceiving others. That is what the world calls a romance.”Section B（10×1=10分）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.astonishinglyB. surroundingC. collapseD. unnoticedE. interruptedF. previouslyG. congratulateH. predictionsI. potential J. producing K. propertiesIn the wake of the historic announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves on February 11, 2016 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), British physicist and black hole theorist Stephen Hawking was quick to ____31___ the US-led collaboration, sharing his excitement for the historic news.According to Hawking, these results confirm several very important ____32___ of Einstein’s theory of general relativity and it also confirms the existence of gravitational waves directly.As is becoming clear, the direct detection of these ripples in space time not only confirms Einstein’s famous theory of general theory but it also opens our eyes to a(n) _33________ “dark” universe. Astronomers employ the electromagnetic spectrum（电磁光谱） to study the universe, but objects that do not radiate in the electromagnetic spectrum will go ___34____. But now we know how to detect gravitational waves, which can help us detect and study some of the most energetic cosmic phenomena.“Gravitat ional waves provide a completely new way of looking at the universe and the ability to detect them has the ___35___ to revolutionize astronomy” said Hawking. “The discovery is the first observation of black holes merging. The observed __36____ of this syst em are consistent with predictions about black holes that I made in 1970 in Cambridge.”However, this discovery also presents a puzzle for astrophysicists. The mass of each of the black holes are larger than expected for those formed by the gravitational __37_____ of a star---so how did both of these black holes become so massive?This question touches on one of the biggest mysteries ___38___ black hole evolution. Currently, astronomers are having a hard time understanding how black holes grow to be so ma ssive. On the one end of the scale, there are “stellar mass（恒星质量）” black holes that form immediately after a massive star explodes, ___39____ an extremely bright light. And we also have an abundance of evidence for the existence of the super-massive that live in the centers of most galaxies. There is a disconnect, however. If black holes grow by merging and consuming stellar matter, there should be evidence of black holes of all sizes, but “intermediate mass” black holes and black holes of a few dozen solar masses are ____40____ rare, throwing some black holes evolution theories into doubt.One thing is clear, however. This is the first time that we’ve acquired direct evidence of a black hole merger. So it’s good to know we’re on the right track.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A（15×1=15分）Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Cowboy or spaceman ? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our 41 , he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources,42 ____ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is 43 a grassland than a spaceship---a closed system, alone in space, carrying exhaustible supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental 44 . In the half century since his essay, a new movement has respo nded to his challenge. “Ecological economists,” as they call themselves, want to 45 __ its aims and assumptions. What do they say -- and will their ideas take off?To its 46 , ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is 47 in traditional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a huge mistake.There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through maximum use of resources. Only the 48 , they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP (gross domestic product), a simple 49 which does not take into account resource exhaustion, unpaid work and countless other factors. 50 , they advocate more holistic approaches, such as GPI (genuine progress indicator)，a composite（复合的）index that include things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person 51 in 1978: by destroying our environment, we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, according to experts, lies in a “steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held 52 .Mainstream economists are not 53 . GPI, they point out, is a subjective standard. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, who predicted in the 18th century, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists 54 self-satisfaction. In 2009, a paper in Nature argued that human activity is already 55 safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change. That suggests ecologist economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.41. A. grassland B. nation C. economy D. spaceship42. A. ignorant B. confident C. astonished D. anxious43. A. less B. smaller C. more D. larger44. A. movements B. influences C. limits D. threats45. A. reject B. realize C. resemble D.revolutionize46. A. challengers B. learners C. advocates D. professors47. A. addressed B. ignored C. opposed D. reflected48. A. advanced B. former C. latter D. scientific49. A. number B. product C. idea D. measure50. A. In addition B. For example C. In other words D. In its place51.A. peaked B. plunged C. persisted D. paused52.A. sufficient B. efficient C. constant D. adequate53.A. impressed B. involved C. concerned D. appointed54.A. call for B. contribute to C. warn against D. refer to55.A. setting B. overstepping C. extending D. redrawingSection B（11×2=22分）Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Every April I am troubled by the same concern -- that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing gray. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine 15 years ago. "Just wait,"a neighbor advised. "You'll wake up one morning and spring will just be here."And look, on May 3 that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and green. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward.Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree's dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned（未经修剪的） abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple.Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out with pruner to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens.My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak."You're not cutting it down, are you?" she asked anxiously. Another neighbor frowned as I cut off a branch. "Don't kill it, now," he warned. Soon half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people's names, what they did for a living and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder.I couldn't help recalling Robert Frost's words:The trees that have it in their pent-up budsTo darken nature and be summer woodsOne thaw led to another. Just the other day I saw one of my neighbors at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood. And then, he looked at me and said, "We need to prune that apple tree again."56. By saying that “my spirits ebb” (Para. 1), the author means that _________________.A.he feels relievedB. he feels blueC. he is surprisedD. he is tired57. The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to _________________.A. be regarded as a delight in the neighborhoodB. have been abandoned by its original ownerC. have been neglected by everyone in the communityD. be appealing only to the author58. In Para. 4, “neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches” probably because ___________________________.A.they were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the treeB.they wanted to prevent the author from pruning the treeC.they were concerned about the safety of the treeD.they wanted to get to know the author59. It can be inferred that the author’s neighbor mentioned in the last paragraph most cared about _______________.A.when spring would arriveB. how to pass the long winterC. the neighborhood gatheringD. the pruning of the apple tree(B)Mount Cook National Park is home of the highest mountains and the longest glaciers. It is alpine(高山) in the purest sense---with skyscraping peaks, glaciersand permanent snow fields, all set under a star-studded sky.Key HighlightsAlthough it includes 23 peaks over 3,000 metres high, this park is very accessible. State Highway 80 leads to Mt Cook Village which is situated beside scenicLake Pukaki and provides a comfortable base for alpine activities. Far from city lights, the stargazing here is magnificent—Aoraki Mount Cook National Park formsthe majority of New Zealand's only International Dark Sky Reserve.Mountaineers regard the area to be the best climbing region, while less skilled adventurers find plenty of satisfaction with the mountain walks that lead to alpinetarns, herb fields and spectacular glacier views. Encounters with cheeky kea (mountain parrots) are part of the fun.Key ActivitiesMountain walksThere are 10 short walks beginning near the village. All tracks are formed andwell marked. The Red Tarns Track, Kea Point and the Hooker Valley Track each takearound two hours return. For more experienced alpine hikers, there are three mountainpass routes—over the Mueller, Copland and Ball passes.Glacier viewing and skiingHelicopters and ski－planes provide access to the park's fabulous glaciers. The Tasman Glacier is an excellent choice for intermediate skiers, while the Murchison,Darwin and Bonney glaciers promise excitement for advanced skiers. From Octoberuntil May, you can explore the Tasman Glacier's terminal lake by boat.MountaineeringClimbing Mount Cook remains the ultimate challenge, but there are many otherpeaks to tempt experienced climbers. Tasman, Malte Brun, Elie de Beaumont, Seftonand La Perouse are quite popular..Key Tips●Climbers don't require permits, but are requested to complete a trip intentions form.●Local guides are available for climbing, walking and glacier skiing.●Winter climbing is an extreme sport—only recommended for well-prepared, experienced mountaineers.●The weather can change very suddenly—be prepared for heavy rainfall, snowand/or high winds.●The park has an airport serving domestic commercial flights and scenic flight operators.60. Which is one of the characteristics of Mount Cook National Park?A. It is alpine in the purest sense and hard to reach.B. It provides star-shining night skies for visitors.C. It attracts less skilled climbers to all alpine activities.D. It guarantees visitors a sight of cheeky kea.61. Mike is an experienced adventurer and may find ________ the most exciting.A. Mountaineering on Elie de BeaumontB. Mountain walks via Hooker Valley TrackC. Skiing on Tasman GlacierD. Climbing Mount Cook62. If you are a visitor to the park, you should ________．A. properly evaluate your own experience and skillB. get your permit prepared before you start to climbC. hire local guides to help you to train for climbingD. avoid exploring glaciers in winter(C)How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet debatable social policy questions.In many ways, our social statistics overstate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same horrible consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of survival, and when there were fewer effective social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing wealth, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing dominance of secondary earners among the unemployed and improvedsocial welfare protection have unquestionably relieved the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overestimate the scale of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the majority are from multiple-earner, relatively well-off families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market problems.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or long-time unemployment frequently interact to weaken the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times that unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment totals, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and non-cash transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such conflicting evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be counteracted(抵消） by job creation and economic stimulation. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.63. In Paragraph 2, the author contrasts the 1930’s with the present in order to show that_____________.A. more people were unemployed in the 1930’sB. unemployment is more intolerable todayC. social programs are more in need nowD. i ncome level has increased since the 1930’s64.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.A majority of low-wage workers receive earnings from more than one job.B.Repetition of short-term unemployment mainly contributes to people’s loss of working capacity.C. Many unemployed people are from families where other members are working.D. Labor market hardship is understated because fewer individuals are jobless than counted.65.It can be inferred from the passage that the effect of income transfers is often not felt by _________________.A. those doing a low-paid, part-time jobB. children in single-earner familiesC. workers who have just retiredD. full-time workers who become unemployed66. Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?A. What causes labor market problems that result in suffering.B. Why income statistics are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty.C. When poverty, employment, and earnings figures agree with each other.D. How statistics give an unclear picture of the labor-market-related suffering.Section C（4×2=8分）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Even being good at getting others to fight most efficiently is not being civilized.B. Most people believe those who have conquered the most nations are the greatest.C. However, every year conflicts between countries and nations still claim thousandsof lives.D. And not only has it won, but also because it has won, it has been in the right.E. So there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time inwhich to learn better.F. People don’t fight and kill each other in the streets, but nations still behavelike savages.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals, while the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seagoing boat, or calculated the length of the year but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. ____67_________It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. ____68_______. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. ___69______. For that is what going to war means; it means power is right.This is what the story of mankind has been like. But we must not expect too much. Afterall, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young indeed, babies of a few months old. Scientists assume that there has been life of some sort on the earth for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there has been civilized men for about eight thousand years.____70_____. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and killing. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.第II卷 (共50分）I.Summary (10分)Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It's not piano lessons or dance classes. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity is going to a tutor. "I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It's costly," says Pat, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, "after finding out half my daughter's class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead"Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. "When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always yelling. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done."Tutoring isn't simply a private school phenomenon. Nor is it geared only toward lower-achieving students. In Canada alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year.Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. A special value is placed on education in Asia, where tutoring is viewed as an extension of the school day. As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed schedules. "A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework," says Julie Diamond, president of an American tutoring company. "Others couldn't help their children after Grade 3."There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. "Children used to get bullied (欺侮) for having a tutor," Diamond says. "Now it's becoming the norm to have one."Children don't seem to mind that they have a tutor. One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. "For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need," she says. Still, she’s now thinking of gettinga tutor. Why? Her daughter has actually asked for one.II. Translation（3+3+4+5=15分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 没过多久，失主就来认领他的行李了。

2018届高三英语上册八校联考试题及答案 smoking seat,第三节语法和词汇知识（共IS小题；每小题1分,满分15分} 11Xi’an，city of natural beauty will host _____ International Horticultural (园艺）Exposition in second three -pointer changes the result—Absolutely right Some moments will be kept in memory for everA thatB whichC whereD when18She is the only girl who____to the North Pole in this city so that she is treated as a herohereA have beenB wasC has beenD had been19Youtelevision Why not do something more active?A always watchB are always watchingC, have always watchedD have always been watchingthing positive to sayOne day I went up to Michael and asked him, “I don’t get it You can’t be positive all the timeHodo you do it?” Michael replied, “Each morning I wake up and say to myself，Mike, you havetwo choices today You can choose to be in a good mood or you can choose to be in a bad mood ’ Ichoose to be in a good mood Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a victim orchoose to learn from it I choose to learn from it Every time someone es to me plaining Ican choose to accept their plaining or I can point out the。

2018届高三英语上册11月考试题（附答案） five students ______ our classA consists of, are made up ofB is consisted of, make upC consists of, make upD is consisted of, are made up of第二节完形填空（共old girl was asked to spell a certain word But with her 21 voice the judges were not sure whether she spelled the word with the letter A or E They talked it over and 22 decided to simply ask her what she had said By now, the girl kneshe had 23 the word But instead of lying，she told the truth that she had said the24 letter—so she lost the contest As the girl walked off the 25 ，the entire audience stood to their feet clapping to applaud her 26 Later，dozens of newspaper reporters wrote about this 11-year-old girl’s honesty，even when it 27 her the contest But the fact is that she 28 the biggest contest that day the contest of her 29 Probably the biggest test of our character and honesty is that we would do if we knee would never get 30 This young girl could easily have 31 and nobody would have known it but herself But that’s just it She would knoshe did wrong It’s been said, “If you 32 , you make yourself cheap” This young girl was strong and smart enough to prize her own 33 and character more than the prize from a spelling 34 Her respect for herself was more important than any 35 others might give her for winninga contest She kneshe would have to live with herself and the36 she made in that moment will have long-lasting influenceIt’s so true that the choices you make today 37 what you are tomorroOur children will 38 our behavior much more than our advice So if we want them to 39 to be honest，we must shothem the way by being honest ourselves Remember，our kids are 40 what。

上海市高三英语八校联考I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. Forthe blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Scotland is a unique place, full of history, where you canfind noble palaces and castles, as well as the traditionalparade in national costumes. It has some of 25__________(beautiful) cities in Europe, a living proof of aproud and splendid past.In order to see the true soul of Scotland today, what shaped the character of this splendid region, we 26________ ________go towards the northern regions, to the Grampian Mountains. Beautiful and unspoiled, it was difficult to farm. The Scotsconquered the environment with simple spades and strong arms.The history of this ancient struggle, and its people’s ancient love affair with the hard land, 27__________(enclose)within the walls of the Angus Folk Museum. You are able to geta feel of the typical rural atmosphere of times past from theeveryday necessities 28__________(display) here.From coastal Aberdeen in towards the interior of the Grampian Mountains there 29 __________(run) the Castle Trail,a road that touches on many fortresses, 30 __________ are witnesses of continual rebellions against the ruling of neighboring England in Scottish history.Perhaps the most uplifting moment for Scottish autonomy(自治) is the 31_________ which was experienced inside this ancient church of Arbroath, 32__________, in 1320, the Declaration of Independence was celebrated at the encouragement of King Robert。

2017学年度第一学期联考高三英语II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s time to go out for a run!As little as five minutes of running or jogging each day can help people reduce their risk of premature death by nearly one-third and extend their lives by about three years, according to a U.S. study.The researchers tracked the exercise habits of over 55,000 adults in the United States for six to twenty-two years. About 24 percent of the adults described themselves(21)_____ runners. Compared to th ose who didn’t run, those who did were 30 percent(22)_____(likely) to die of any cause during the course of the study. These figures(23)_____(adjust) to take into account people’s smoking and drinking habits, how old they were (24)_____ they enrolled in the study, their family’s health history and their other exercise habits.The researchers divided up the roughly 13,000 runners into five groups (25)_____(base) on how many minutes they ran per week. Those (26)_____ were in the lowest group ran up to 50 minutes over a seven-day period, and those in the highest group ran for more than 175 minutes over the course of a week. According to the study, the benefits of running were pretty much the same for all runners.“Running even at lower doses or slower speeds was associated with significant benefits,” the researchers wrote in their report. (27)_____(reduce) the risk of premature death, they calculated, all it took was 30 to 59 minutes of running per week.“This finding has clinical and public health importance,” the report continues. “Time is one of the strongest barriers to (28)_____(participate) in physical activity. This study may motivate more people to start running. People who (29)_____ hardly devote 20 minutes to moderate physical activity each day may appreciate the efficiency of a five-minute run.” However, it is not clear (30)_____ the findings of this study would apply to the nation as a whole.专业技术.整理分享Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The common wisdom is that introverts (内向的人) and extroverts (外向的人) do not work well together. This wisdom, as author Jennifer Kahnweiler makes clear in her new book, The Genius of Opposites, is 31 correct in the sense that cooperation is often going to be difficult, filled with battles and miscommunications, and sometimes deliberate 32 .Somehow, however, the introvert-extrovert partnerships produced 33 results. The key to such success, according to Kahnweiler, is the five-step process at the heart of her book.The first step, Kahnweiler argues, is to 34 each other’s differences. If introverted and extroverted people want to partner, they have to realize they will never change the personality of the other person. Instead, each partner has to make a conscious effort to understand the other.The sec ond step is that battles don’t have to be avoided. Instead, they can be the means through which each partner is challenged by the other; resulting in solutions that are better than those that might have been developed 35 .The third step is to cast the character. Because there are two very different personalities in the partnership, partners should take on the roles that best fit their 36 personalities.Kahnweiler’s fourth step is to 37 the dislike. Two people with opposite personalities must work on learning to respect and like each other as much as possible.The fifth and final step is that each can’t offer everything. Introvert-extrovert consulting partnerships are often powerful because neither partner could offer customers all they want—but the two partners working together are able to 38 a much more various but complementary (互补的) product or service.For each step, Kahnweiler covers why that particular step is important. Also, Kahnweiler writes, a major conflict can actually be a turning 39 in the relationship, paving the way to a productive cooperation. However, battles can also deal fatal blows to introvert-extrovert cooperation. If partners don’t bring out the obvious problems, the result can 40 destroy the partnership.专业技术.整理分享The Genius of Opposites is filled with stories of conflicts, most resolved through an effort at communication and a foundation of respect.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Advantages of an AgendaAn agenda is a list of topics to be introduced and discussed during a meeting. Agendas generally include a reading of the last meeting’s minutes or notes, relevant announcements, a review of the topics for discussion and a roll call. Although agendas take time to set up, in the long run they can 41 time and resources.Agendas provide an outline of discussion topics. The outline 42 the chairman or members of the meeting forgetting important topics to introduce. When all topics are thoroughly discussed, valuable decisions can be made as a group during the meeting instead of 43 making plans outside the meeting.Agendas provide an opportunity to 44 members through announcements about critical events, goals and tasks. Agendas enable members who might not have access to everyone in the organization to announce important news and hear news of interest. Without an agenda, announcements may not be communicated to all the members, which can result in 45 . Agendas also summarize 46 meetings to help members review the progress made and 47 the focus for the current meeting.Agendas generally mention items to be discussed for the next meeting. This gives the members a chance to 48 the discussion topics before the meeting. At many meetings, outspoken members are more than eager to participate while reserved individuals may be more 49 . However, knowing what is going to be discussed enables members to research topics of interests, 50 how the topics apply to their area and then make thoughtful, quality contributions at the meeting.An agenda prioritizes the most important activities, 51 productivity and focuses the members. The mere presence of an agenda creates a formal atmosphere and discourages members from 52 time. The agenda prepares the chairman and encourages consistency(一致性) and organization. An agenda also sets the objectives and gives the members a goal. This organizes the thoughts of the members, direction of the meeting and the action after the meeting.A collection of past agendas is an ideal 53 for external and internal institutions, organizations and the public for viewing the progress of your organization.专业技术.整理分享The documentation helps the public and organization members assess 54 decisions, remind them of previous events or important figures and set feasible goals. The roll call also helps administration determine the most dedicated members by counting 55 and reviewing contributions to the meeting. This can help with decisions on which members to promote or assign the role of addressing the public.41. A. take B. limit C. save D. invest42. A. finds B. suggests C. sets D. prevents43. A. hurriedly B. favorably C. confidently D.nervously44. A. warn B. question C. assure D. inform45. A. coincidence B. confusion C. agreement D.criticism46. A. previous B. crucial C. annual D. regular47. A. shift B. narrow C. lose D. find48. A. choose B. keep C. prepare D. handle49. A. hesitant B. realistic C. active D. curious50. A. insist on B. believe in C. approve of D. think about51. A. restores B. influences C. reduces D. increases52. A. sparing B. wasting C. gaining D. devoting53. A. record B. situation C. alternative D. combination54. A. tough B. right C. past D. final55. A. numbers B. attendance C. losses D. moneySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）The composing career of Albert Roussel got off to a wayward start, and received one of its biggest advances from a lie.Roussel was orphaned at the age of eight and went to live with his grandfather. He built on the music he had learned from his mother, entertaining himself by reading through专业技术.整理分享the family music collection and playing operatic selections and popular songs on the piano.Three years later Roussel’s grandfather died, and his mother’s sister took him in. Her husband arranged for young Albert to take piano lessons. Summer vacations at a Belgian seaside resort added a second love to his life—the sea. He studied to be a naval cadet (军官学校学员), but still made time to study music.In the French Navy, while he was stationed on a cruiser based at Cherbourg, he and two friends found the time to play the piano trios (三重奏) of Beethoven and other composers. Roussel also began composing. At the Church of the Trinity in Cherbourg on Christmas Day 1892, he had his first public performance as a composer with the performance of his Andante for string trio and organ.That success encouraged Roussel to write a wedding march, and one of his fellow naval officers offered to show it to an outstanding conductor, Edouard Colonne. When Roussel’s friend returned with the manuscript (手稿), he reported that Colonne had advised Roussel to give up his naval career and devote his life to music.Not long afterward, at the age of 25, Roussel did just that. He applied the self-discipline, conciseness, and spirituality that he had developed in the navy to his composing and became a major force in twentieth century French music. As for Eduoard Colonne’s inspiring advice that Roussel devote his life to music—Roussel’s navy friend later admitted that he had made it up and that he had never even sho wn Roussel’s manuscript to the conductor.56. From “a wayward start” in Paragraph 1, we know Albert Roussel’s composing career _____.A. was a great success at firstB. was inspired early in every wayC. was unpredictable in the beginningD. was a happy one because of a lie57. Who first brought music to Roussel’s life?A. His mother.B. His grandfather.C. His piano teacher.D. His fellow naval officer.58. Why did Roussel join the Navy?A. He didn’t want to live with his mother’s sister.B. He loved the sea because of his holidays.C. He wanted to practice music with his friends.D. He thought it could help him create music.59. The following factors except _____ led to his success as a composer.A. his love for musicB. the conductor’s inspiring adviceC. his navy friend’s lieD. the good qualities acquired in the navy专业技术.整理分享( B)60. The underlined phrase “a grant” in the first line most probably means _____.A. bank interestB. a credit cardC. an education feeD. financial aid61. A 31-year-old nurse wishes to qualify as a doctor at a university. She has workedsince she was 25. How much extra money will she get a year?A.None.B. £155.C. £615.D. £515.62. A big bank offers a new student special services because _____.A. they need student accounts badlyB. they charge students extra interestC. they know he can get money regularlyD. they hope he’ll be a potential customer(C)Publicity offers several benefits. There are not costs for message time or space.专业技术.整理分享An ad in prime-time television may cost $250,000 to $5,000,000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. Publicity reaches a mass audience within a short time and new products or company policies are widely known.Credibility about messages is high, because they are reported in independent media.A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper, because the reader associates independence with objectivity. Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads. For example, Women’s Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements. Readers spend time reading the stories, but they skim through the ads. Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine. Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly.Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little control over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. It may issue detailed news releases and find only portions mentioned by the media, and media have the ability to be much more critical than a firm would like.For example, in 1982, Procter & Gamble faced a massive publicity problem over the meaning of its 123-year-old company logo. To fight this negative publicity, the firm had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America to disprove the rumor(谣言). The false rumors were temporarily put to rest. However, in 1985, publicity became so troublemaking that Procter & Gamble decided to remove the logo from its products.A firm may want publicity during certain periods, such as when a new product is introduced or new store opened, but the media may not cover the introduction or opening until after the time it would aid the firm. Similarly, media determine the placement of a story; it may follow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media decide whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it.63. All of the following advantages of publicity are mentioned EXCEPT _____.A. time savingB. attentivenessC. profitabilityD.credibility64. Compared with ad, news report or featuring stories are more _____.A. believableB. clearC. dependentD. subjective65. The example of “Procter & Gamble” is given to show _____.A. the efficient way of disproving rumorsB. the importance of a spokespersonC. the interaction between firms and mediaD. the negative effect of publicity66. What’s the author’s attitude towards publicity?A. Doubtful.B. Objective.C. Passive.D. Supportive.专业技术.整理分享Section CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence givenin the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Psychology of DiscountingWhen retailers(零售商) want to persuade customers to buy a particular product, they typically offer it at a discount. According to a new study to be published in the Journalof Marketing, they are missing a trick.A team of researchers, led by Akshay Rao of the University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management, looked at consumers’ attitudes to discounting. Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper.67 .Consumers often struggle to realize, for example, that a 50% increase in quantityis the same as a 33% discount in price. They overwhelmingly assume the former is better value. In an experiment, the researchers sold 73% more hand lotion (护手霜) when it was offered in a bonus pack than when it carried an equivalent discount.This numerical blind spot remains even when the deal clearly favours the discounted product. In another experiment, this time on his undergraduates, Mr Rao offered two dealson loose coffee beans: 33% extra free or 33% off the price. 68 .Studies have shown other ways in which retailers can exploit consumers’ mathematical illiteracy. 69 . People are more likely to see a bargain in a productthat has been reduced by 20%, and then by an additional 25%, than one which has been subject to an equivalent, one-off, 40%reduction.70 . When advertising a new car’s efficiency, for example, it is more convincing to talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does, rather than the equivalent percentage fall in fuel consumption.There may be lessons for regulators too. Even well-educated shoppers are easily foxed. Sending everyone back to school for maths refresher-courses seems out of the question.But more noticeably displayed unit prices in shops and advertisements would be a great help.专业技术.整理分享IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.An Italian company has told staff to stop sending any internal emails for a week in an effort to reduce stress levels.Home textiles (纺织品) company Gabel, based in the northern Como region, asked an expert to interview its employees about what their main concerns were at work, the local La Provincia di Como website reports. Many said that managing the huge volume of internal emails was a burden during the working day. That made the company’s management propose a solution, which—somewhat ironically (讽刺地)—was sent to all staff in an email.“Together we will begin the following experiment, which will take us back in time to when people talked more,” managing director Emilio Colombo wrote, declaring an “email free” week until 13 November. “We invite you not to use email for internal communications (between colleagues at the same location), in favour of a more direct and immediate contact.”The company’s president, Michele Moltrasio, tells the BBC it hasn’t been easy to stop such a deep-rooted practice, even temporarily, but that employees have welcomed the challenge. “They are rediscovering the pleasure of meeting and talking rather than writing,” he says. And that includes Mr Moltrasio, who is avoiding emails along with everyone else. “Even if from next week we all go back to using email, these days of experimentation are very worthwhile, to understand and rethink the methods and pace of working,” he says.Several recent studies have found that a high volume of emails raises stress levels at work. In 2013, researchers said that a full inbox(收件箱) led to peaks in people’s blood pressure and heart rate. And last year, a study at the University of British Columbia found that limiting email use during the day lowered people’s stress levels significantly.专业技术.整理分享第Ⅱ卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你有可能劝服他不去美国吗？(persuade)2. 这个会议只是浪费了大家时间，根本什么决定都没做成。

2018-2019高中英语上海高三专题试卷联考模拟试卷一含答案考点及解析班级:___________ 姓名：___________ 分数：___________1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上一、单项选择1.________ all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post. (2011·陕西，19)A．Since B．WhileC．If D．As【答案】【解析】B解析句意为：尽管他们都是很有实力的求职者，但是只有一个人会被选中担任这一职位。

since因为，既然；while尽管；if如果；as因为。

根据句意选while。

二、完形填空2.第二部分：英语知识及运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节：完形填空（共10小题；每小题2分, 满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

Rubber ducks are being used to help scientists understand global warming and melting glaciers. NASA researchers have 21 90 ducks into holes in Greenland's fastest moving glacier, the Jakobshavn Glacier between Greenland and Canada. The 22 have each been marked with the words "science experiment" along with an e-mail address. If they are found scientists will be able to 23 how the water moves through the ice and provide information about the 24 of glaciers. Scientists are still 25 about why glaciers speed up in summer and head towards the sea. One theory is that as the summer sun melts ice on top of the glacier's surface, the water moves to the bottom of the glacier, where it helps to 26 the movement of ice toward the coast. The Jakobshavn Glacier is believed to be the 27 of the iceberg that sank the Titanic in 1912. RobertJones, the experiment organizer, said none of the ducks had been 28 yet. "We haven't heard back but it may take some time until somebody actually finds it and decides to send usa/an 29 that they have found it," he said. "These are places that are 30 so there aren't people walking around."21. A. flown B. buried C. hidden D. dropped22. A. results B. toys C. glaciers D. scientists23. A. remember B. invent C. learn D. control24. A. development B. movement C. growth D. travels25. A. unsure B. excited C. concerned D. ignorant26. A. reduce B. control C. speed D. stop27. A. position B. source C. reason D. result28. A. hurt B. eaten C. missing D. reported29. A. email B. card C. fax D. sign30. A. hidden B. lost C. remote D. quiet【答案】21—25 DBCBA 26—30 CBDAC【解析】略三、阅读理解For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescent s’ complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.In this article, I’ll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrelsover unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before school or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.3.Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?A．Both can continue for generations.B．Both are about where to draw the line.C．Neither has any clear winner.D．Neither can be put to an end.4.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.B．The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.C．The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.D．The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.5.Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ______.A．give orders to the otherB．know more than the otherC．gain respect from the otherD．get the other to behave properly6.What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A．Causes for the parent –teen conflicts.B．Examples of the parent –teen war.C．Solutions for the parent –teen problems.D．Future of the parent-teen relationship.【答案】3.B4.A5.C6.C【解析】试题分析：对许多父母来说，抚养孩子就像打一场持久战，但经过长年累月的战斗，依然分不出胜负。