Development from Right to Interfere to Responsibility to Protect

人的自由而全面的发展英文Comprehensive personal development isn't just about acquiring skills or knowledge. It's about unlocking the potential within each individual to explore, create, and express freely. It's about giving people the freedom to chase their passions and discover their unique voices.Freedom isn't just about having the choice to do whatever you want; it's about having the courage to follow your heart and the wisdom to make responsible decisions.It's about being able to stand up for what you believe in and speak your mind without fear.And when we talk about comprehensive development, we're talking about not just one aspect of a person's life butall aspects. It's about fostering emotional intelligence, social skills, and physical well-being alongside academic and professional achievements.To truly flourish, people need to feel valued andrespected. They need to be in environments that encourage creativity, collaboration, and diversity. That's when you see people blooming when they're free to be themselves and pursue their dreams without limitations.In a world where everyone has the opportunity to grow and develop freely, we can all contribute our unique gifts and talents to make the world a better place. It's about celebrating our differences and coming together as a community to create a future that's brighter and more inclusive for all.。

2020智慧树，知到《大学英语》章节测试【完整答案】2020最新智慧树知到《大学英语》章节测试答案第一章1、We often ( ) that when other people do the same things as we do, they do them for the same reasons; but this assumption is not always reasonable.A:exploreB:emergeC:enrichD:assume正确答案：assume2、 He ( ) the gift of imagination from his family, but he lacked the driving power to take action.A:inheritedB:acquiredC:overwhelmedD:pursue正确答案：inherited3、After a(n) ( ) physical exam, my doctor said I was in good condition except that my blood pressure was a little high. A:availableB:giantC:comprehensiveD:unique正确答案：comprehensive4、 Our bodies have greater ( ) than most of us realize, and we can benefit by remembering this.A:confidenceB:potentialC:innocenceD:approach正确答案：potential5、 He was proud of being chosen to ( ) in the game, and he promised that he would try as hard as possible.A:participateB:evolveC:bondD:embrace正确答案：participate第二章1、City residents the housing price is unreasonably high. A:complain aboutB:complain ofC:complain thatD:complain to正确答案：complain that2、Don”t just “wrong with it; suggest some positive ways to solve the problem.A:complain aboutB:complain ofC:complain thatD:complain to正确答案：complain about3、He intends to quit the job, not that he dislikes it, but that he is too old for it.可翻译为：他打算辞职，不是因为他讨厌这项工作，而是因为他年纪太大了，不适合这项工作。

父母对孩子的成长过渡干涉英语作文全文共5篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Parents Are Always Bugging Me!Do your parents always tell you what to do? Mine definitely do and it drives me crazy sometimes! They are always interfering with my life and butting into my business. I know they care about me and just want what's best, but can't they give me a little space to grow up on my own?Let me give you some examples of how they interfere all the time. First of all, they are obsessed with me doing well in school. I'm not even joking - it's like they think good grades are the most important thing in the entire world. They are constantly nagging me to study harder, finish my homework, and practice my multiplication tables. Hello, I'm only 10 years old! Can't I have a childhood without all this pressure?And good luck trying to take a break from schoolwork because my parents will just find other "educational" activities for me to do instead. Last weekend, I just wanted to chill out andplay video games, but my mom made me go to this lame art class to "explore my creativity." Ugh, I just wanted to relax!Another way they interfere is with what I eat. My dad is super strict about nutrition and only lets me have healthy snacks like carrots, apples, and whole grain crackers. He says junk food will "stunt my growth" and make me "chubby." I get that he wants me to be fit, but can't a kid live a little? I sneak cookies and chips from my friends at school whenever I can.My parents also bug me about how I spend my free time. They are always going on about how I'm "wasting my life away" by watching too much TV and playing too many video games. But what else is there to do? They don't let me just hang out with my friends without some kind of ridiculous schedule and rules about curfews and stuff. It's not like I'm going to join a gang or start doing drugs! I'm 10 years old, remember?And you know what's really embarrassing? How they criticize the way I dress and look. My mom is always saying my t-shirts are too sloppy or my hair looks messy. Well, excuse me for not wanting to spend hours getting ready like a girl! I'm comfortable how I am. And my dad keeps Warning me not to slouch or I'll "become a hunchback." Chill out, parents!Speaking of annoying things they say, here are some of their classic nagging phrases:"Did you brush your teeth?""What did you learn in school today?""Why is your room such a pigsty?""If you don't eat your vegetables, no dessert!""When was the last time you bathed?!"See what I have to put up with on a daily basis? I try to be a good kid, but my parents make it so hard with all their rules and hovering over me. They act like I'm a baby who can't do anything for himself.I know I complained a lot in this essay, but I do love my parents. I just wish they would loosen the reins a little and let me make some decisions for myself as I get older. I'm becoming a tween soon, which practically makes me an adult, right? Okay, maybe not an adult yet, but I'm certainly mature enough to have some independence.So parents, if you're reading this - back off once in a while! We're kids, not robots you can program to be perfect. Let us figure some things out on our own and learn from our mistakes.That's the only way we can truly grow up. Now if you'll excuse me, I have some very important TV watching to attend to. Don't disturb me unless it's an emergency!篇2My Mom and Dad Are Always Bugging Me!Hi, my name is Billy and I'm 10 years old. I love playing video games, watching cartoons, and just hanging out with my friends. But my parents are always getting in the way and nagging me about stuff. They're always saying things like "Billy, turn off that game and go read a book!" or "Billy, you can't watch TV until you finish your homework!" It's really annoying.I think parents these days are way too overprotective and interfering. They treat us kids like babies who can't do anything for ourselves. Well newsflash parents, we're not babies anymore! We can make our own choices and decisions. We don't need you hovering over us 24/7.My dad is the worst. He's always on my case about my grades and studying. "Billy, you need to get straight A's to get into a good college!" he'll say. Hey Dad, did you ever stop to think that maybe I don't want to go to college? Maybe I want to be a professional video game player instead. But no, he won'teven listen to that. He just drones on and on about universities and careers. Get off my back already!And my mom is just as bad. She's obsessed with making sure I eat healthy foods. "No junk food Billy, have an apple instead!" She'll say, snatching the bag of chips right out of my hands. Hello?! I'm a growing boy, I need calories and snacks to keep my energy up. You can't just force feed me rabbit food all the time.Then there's the whole organized activities thing they're always pushing on me. "Billy, you need to join the soccer team to get exercise and make friends." "Billy, how about taking up an instrument, piano lessons will help your brain development." Blah blah blah. Why can't they just let me relax and do what I want after school instead of scheduling me for a million different activities and practices? I'm already exhausted from school as it is.Don't even get me started on bedtimes and screen time limits. Those are the biggest sources of arguments in my house. My dad gets all upset if I'm watching YouTube after 9pm or spending "too much time" on my iPad. Hello, it's my life and my free time! If I want to stay up late watching gamers on Twitch, that's my choice. He acts like any screen usage at all is going to melt my brain. Get with the times, old man!And my mom has totally unrealistic expectations when it comes to chores and keeping my room clean. "Billy! This room is a pigsty! Clean it up right now young man!" She'll yell, even if I just have a few clothes lying around. It's not a big deal, jeez. I'm a kid, not a maid! I'll clean it...eventually. No need to have a cow over a little mess.Sometimes I really think my parents don't actually want me to enjoy my childhood at all. It's like their only goals are to turn me into a miniature adult with perfect discipline, cratespotless hygiene, and a packed schedule of "enriching" activities. Well you know what? That's not what being a kid is all about!Childhood is supposed to be a time for fun, goofing off, getting a little wild, and just being free to pursue your own interests at your own pace. It's not this crazy race to grow up as fast as possible by hothousing your brain and body with endless work and rules all the time. Childhood is fleeting and parents need to back off and let us actually enjoy it while it lasts!I get that parents worry and want the best for us, but they're taking it way too far these days. We kids already have enough pressure on us at school with tests, homework, expectations from teachers, and all that. The home is supposed to be a break from all that stress and a safe space to just be ourselves. But withall the nagging, scheduling, and rules, it doesn't feel like much of a refuge at all.So parents, please, do us all a favor and just chillax a little, will ya? Stop trying to force us to grow up so fast and develop at your perfect, prescribed pace. Let us guide our own path a bit. We'll get there eventually and turn out just fine, I promise. But let us have a real childhood first. Let me be a kid while I actually still am one! Is that really so much to ask?So there you have it, that's my sincere plea to the parents of the world from a kid's perspective. Quit with all the excessive control and micromanagement, and just let us live a little! Thanks for listening... or well, reading篇3My Parents Are Always Bugging Me!Hi, my name is Timmy and I'm 10 years old. I love playing video games, reading comic books, and just hanging out with my friends. But there's one thing that really bugs me - my parents! They are always interfering with my life and trying to control everything I do. It's so annoying!First of all, they are obsessed with my grades at school. Every day when I come home, the first thing they ask is "Did you getgood marks today?" Or they'll say "Have you done all your homework yet?" Relax, mom and dad! Getting good grades is important, sure, but there's way more to life than just studying all the time.They are also really strict about how much TV I can watch and videogames I can play. I'm only allowed 1 hour per day on weekdays, and 2 hours per day on weekends. That's it! They say that too much "screen time" will "rot my brain." As if! I bet I could learn just as much from watching documentaries or playing educational games. But whenever I try to explain that to them, they just roll their eyes.Speaking of videogames, my parents basically banned me from playing any game with even a hint of violence or inappropriate content. So long Grand Theft Auto, Call of Duty, and all the cool games my friends get to play! My parents act like letting me play those games would somehow turn me into a criminal. Like I'm just going to start jacking cars and shooting people as soon as I play them. Give me a break!And don't even get me started on social media. My parents freak out any time I want to get an Instagram or TikTok account. Their biggest fear is that I'll get bullied or exploited by online predators. Yes, those things can happen, but I'm street smart! Ifanyone ever said anything mean to me on the internet, I would just block them or report their account. My parents act like I'm a innocent little baby who doesn't understand anything about the online world.Another thing that grinds my gears is how my parents are always forcing me to go to stupid after-school activities that I have no interest in. Like music lessons, art classes, coding camp, you name it! I'm already so busy with school work, so having to go to even more boring classes is just exhausting. But my parents are convinced that the only way for me to get into a good college is to be "well-rounded" with lots of extracurriculars. Can't I just be a normal kid who plays soccer and video games? That's more than enough activity for me!And let's not forget about my parents' annoying habits around my friends. Whenever my buddies come over to my house, my parents always embarrass me by asking them a million nosy questions and trying to act cool around them. Then when my friends leave, my parents grill me about every little detail - where we went, what we did, who else was there. It's like they don't trust me at all!I totally understand that my parents care about me and only want what's best. But sometimes their constant interference andstrictness goes way too far. We get into so many arguments and power struggles over the littlest things. I'm becoming a teenager soon - cant they just give me a little more freedom and respect my ability to make my own choices? I wish they would stop seeing me as a fragile little kid who needs his hand held for everything.I can't wait until I'm a grown up and I don't have to deal with my parents bossing me around anymore. Then I can stay up as late as I want, playing mature video games, posting whatever I like on social media, and just living my life on MY terms. No more annoying rules or curfews or nagging from mom and dad. Just pure freedom and doing whatever I want!Well, those are just some of my thoughts on how frustrating and overbearing my parents can be sometimes. Don't get me wrong, I love them and they love me. And deep down, I know they just want me to grow up happy, healthy, and successful. But jeez, they need to chill out and loosen the reins a little, you know? Having some trust and giving me more independence as I get older is SO important. Otherwise we'll just keep butting heads over every little issue about my lifestyle and choices.Thanks for listening to me rant and rave! I'd write more but I've got to go - my parents are yelling at me to get off thecomputer and start my homework now. Ugh, you see what I mean? Parental interference overload! A kid can't get a moment's peace around here. Well, I better go before they really blow their top. L8r!篇4My Parents Keep Butting In!Hi! My name is Jamie and I'm 10 years old. I'm here to tell you all about how my parents are always interfering with my life. It's really annoying but I guess they mean well.First off, let me give you some examples of how they butt in ALL THE TIME. Whenever I'm trying to make an important decision, they have to stick their noses in it. Like when I wanted to join the soccer team at school, my mom was like "Are you sure you can handle the commitment? The practices are very long and you'll have lots of homework too." And my dad kept saying "Maybe you should try a less competitive sport until you're older." In the end, I joined anyway but they definitely didn't make it easy!Another way they interfere is by checking on my homework every single night. I'm in 5th grade now, I can handle it myself! But noooo, my mom has to go through every single assignment,even if I tell her I'm all done. She'll be like "Did you show your work on this math problem? Let me see. Oh, you made a silly mistake right here." SO ANNOYING! Back off, mom!Speaking of school, that's like their #1 interference zone. They're always stressing about me getting good grades and preparing for middle school/high school/college. I'm only 10 years old! Why are we already talking about college?? My dad starts laying into me if I get anything less than a B on a test or quiz. He'll say "You'll need to work harder on your weak subjects. Maybe we should look into a tutor." Yeah, maybe I should get a tutor to teach my parents how to chill out!Don't even get me started on bedtime. No matter how many times I insist I'm not tired, my mom has this crazy rule where I have to go to bed at 8:30pm on school nights. 8:30pm What kind of awful bedtime is that for a 5th grader?? And then she has the nerve to ask "Are you getting enough sleep? You seem a little cranky..." Well no duh, because you're making me go to bed at like 6pm!Even my hobbies and interests aren't safe from parental meddling. I'm really into coding and video games, but my parents are always policing my screen time. They'll barge into my room and say "Jamie, you've been on that computer for 3 hoursalready. Don't you want to go outside and play for a while?" Or they'll be like "Soon your eyes will become permanently square from looking at screens so much!" UGH, just let me live!I know, I know, you're probably thinking "Jamie, your parents just care about you and want you to succeed in life." Yeah, I get that. But there's a fine line between caring and being a total nuisance! It's like they don't trust me to do anything myself.I wish they could just back off a little and let me figure things out on my own sometimes. Sure, I might make some mistakes along the way, but that's how kids learn, right? We have to experience stuff for ourselves. Constant interference isn't great for building self-confidence or independence.Like this one time, I really struggled with this super hard math assignment. Instead of swooping in and explaining it all to me, my mom let me wrestle with it for a while. Eventually ISort of got it, but I felt so proud of myself for persevering through the challenge! That's the kind of stuff that helps kids grow.I'm definitely going to need a lot more independence and responsibility once I get to middle school. But my parents'over-involved ways aren't really preparing me for that. I just hope they can find a way to be supportive without going overboard and controlling every little thing I do.At the end of the day, I know they're just looking out for my wellbeing and future. And I do love them a ton, even when they drive me up the wall! I just wish...they'd butt out a little more often and let me live my life! Is that really too much to ask? Let me make my own decisions and mistakes once in a while. I'm a kid, but I'm not a baby anymore.Well, thanks for listening to me vent, guys. I feel a lot better getting all of that off my chest! Parental interference is NO JOKE, let me tell you. But I know my parents will always be there for me, even if their hovering can be a bit much at times. Anyway, hope you all have chill, laidback parents who can lighten up every now and then. Catch you later!篇5Here's an essay on parental involvement in children's growth and development, written from a child's perspective in English with around 2000 words:My Parents and My Growing UpHi, my name is Timmy, and I'm 10 years old. Today, I want to talk to you about how my parents are involved in my growing up. It's a really important topic because parents play a huge role in shaping who we become as we grow older.First of all, my parents are always there for me, no matter what. When I was a little kid, they would tuck me into bed every night and read me bedtime stories. Even now, they make sure to ask me about my day and listen to what's going on in my life. They give me hugs and tell me they love me all the time. It makes me feel so safe and loved, which is really important for a kid.My parents also help me with my schoolwork. When I was in kindergarten, my mom would sit with me and help me practice writing my letters and numbers. Now that I'm older, my dad helps me with my math homework and my mom helps me with my reading and writing assignments. They are always patient and never get mad when I don't understand something right away. They just explain it in a different way until I get it.Another way my parents are involved is by encouraging me to try new things. When I was younger, they signed me up for soccer and swimming lessons so I could find activities I enjoyed. Now that I'm older, they encourage me to join clubs at school or take up hobbies like art or music. They always tell me it's okay to try something new and that it's okay if I'm not good at it right away. The important thing is to keep trying and having fun.Of course, my parents also have rules and boundaries for me. They make sure I go to bed at a reasonable time, eat healthyfoods, and don't spend too much time watching TV or playing video games. At first, I used to get really mad about these rules, but now I understand that they're just trying to keep me healthy and safe. They also have consequences if I break the rules, like losing privileges or getting grounded. It's not fun, but it teaches me to be responsible and make good choices.One thing I really appreciate about my parents is that they listen to me and respect my opinions. They don't just tell me what to do all the time. Instead, they ask me how I feel about things and what I think. Sometimes, they even change their minds if I make a good argument. For example, I was able to convince them to let me stay up a little later on weekends because I showed them that I could still get enough sleep and do my homework.Of course, my parents aren't perfect. Sometimes, they embarrass me in front of my friends or get mad about things that don't seem like a big deal to me. But overall, I'm really lucky to have them in my life. They love me unconditionally and want the best for me.As I get older, I know my parents' involvement in my life will change. They'll start giving me more independence and letting me make more decisions for myself. But I also know they'llalways be there for me when I need them. They'll support me as I go through big changes like going to high school, getting a job, and maybe even going to college one day.So, that's what I wanted to say about my parents and how they're involved in my growing up. They're my biggest supporters and cheerleaders, but they also set boundaries and teach me important life lessons. I know I'm really lucky to have them, and I hope every kid can have parents who love and support them as much as mine do.。

发展建议英文作文1. I think it's important to focus on innovation and creativity in order to keep up with the rapidly changing world. We need to constantly come up with new ideas and solutions to adapt to the ever-evolving market and technology.2. It's crucial to invest in education and skills training for the workforce. By providing people with the knowledge and tools they need to succeed, we can ensure a more competitive and capable labor force.3. We should prioritize sustainability andenvironmental responsibility in all aspects of development. This means finding ways to reduce waste, conserve resources, and minimize our impact on the planet.4. Collaboration and cooperation between different sectors and industries is key to driving progress. By working together, we can leverage each other's strengthsand create more comprehensive and effective solutions.5. Embracing diversity and inclusion is essential for fostering a more dynamic and innovative society. By welcoming people from different backgrounds and perspectives, we can benefit from a wider range of ideas and experiences.6. Encouraging entrepreneurship and small business development can help stimulate economic growth and create more opportunities for individuals. Supporting startups and small enterprises can lead to job creation and a more diverse economy.7. Investing in infrastructure and technology iscrucial for facilitating growth and development. By improving transportation, communication, and access to information, we can create a more connected and efficient society.8. Prioritizing health and well-being in all policies and decisions can lead to a happier and more productivepopulation. By promoting physical and mental wellness, we can create a more resilient and thriving community.。

AAM爱虚荣的人津津乐道于讲述他们取得的何种荣誉。

Vain Men delight in telling what honors they have received.BBN邦尼死后的这段时间里，斯佳丽迁怒于白瑞德，他过于沉积在自己的悲伤中，一致只有在仆人面前才和他客气的说话。

For some time after Bonnie's death she had been too angry with him, too preoccupied with her own grief to do more than speak politely in front of the servants.BJ北京政府在2006年就已经开始采取各种措施净化空气，并打算采用主动控制天气的方式让北京在奥运会期间阳光明媚。

In 2006, Beijing municipal government started to adopt all kinds of measures to purify the air and planned to actively control the weather to manifest a sun-drenched city to all the visitors during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.BW本文看起来是一篇幽默科幻故事，但是其用意确实像大中介是地球上环境污染这一严肃的问题Though the article sounds like a piece of humorous science fiction, it is intended to bring home to the public the serious problem of environmental pollution on the earth.BR比尔盖茨尽管去年损失60亿美元，但仍然是世界上最富有的人。

专四选择题高频词汇一、词汇题1。

1. 题目：The new secretary has written a remarkably ______ report only in a few pages but with all the details.A. conciseB. clearC. preciseD. elaborate.2. 答案：A。

3. 解析：- concise表示“简洁的，简明扼要的”。

句子中说报告只有几页但包含所有细节，这表明报告很简洁，所以选A。

- clear主要强调清晰、易懂，没有强调简洁这一特性，如“a clear explanation”（清晰的解释）。

- precise侧重于精确、准确，例如“precise measurement”（精确的测量），与句子中表达的简洁含义不符。

- elaborate表示“详尽的，精心制作的”，与“only in a few pages”矛盾。

二、词汇题2。

1. 题目：The two - year - old boy has a(n) ______ for music. He can play several instruments well.A. talentB. geniusC. giftD. ability.2. 答案：C。

3. 解析：- have a gift for是固定搭配，表示“对……有天赋”。

- talent虽然也表示天赋，但通常搭配是“have talent in/for”，这里用法不太符合。

- genius强调天才的程度更高，一般说“be a genius”（是个天才），而不是“have a genius for”这种用法。

- ability表示能力，侧重于做某事的能力，没有“gift”那种天生的、特殊的天赋的意味。

三、词汇题3。

1. 题目：His speech was so ______ that it made me feel sleepy.A. tediousB. clumsyC. dullD. tiresome.2. 答案：A。

人的全面发展的英语The Pursuit of Human Development in All Its Dimensions.Human development is a multifaceted concept that encompasses not just the acquisition of knowledge andskills but also the growth and evolution of an individualin all aspects of life. It is about the pursuit of happiness, fulfillment, and the realization of one's potential to the fullest. This journey towards comprehensive development is both personal and societal, involving the interaction of various factors such as education, health, culture, and social environment.Education is a crucial aspect of human development. It is through education that individuals acquire the tools and knowledge necessary for survival and success in today's world. However, education should not be limited to academic pursuits alone. It should also encompass the development of critical thinking, emotional intelligence, and social skills. A well-rounded education prepares individuals tonavigate the complexities of life, understand diverse perspectives, and contribute positively to society.Health is another cornerstone of human development. Good health enables individuals to function optimally, both physically and mentally. It is essential for individuals to have access to quality healthcare and to adopt healthy lifestyle habits. A focus on preventive care and the promotion of well-being are crucial for sustainable development.Culture plays a significant role in shaping human development. Culture is a powerful force that influences our values, beliefs, and behaviors. It is through our cultural heritage that we understand our identity, connect with our community, and find meaning in life. Encouraging cultural diversity and promoting cultural exchange are essential for fostering a global perspective and an appreciation for different ways of life.The social environment also has a profound impact on human development. A supportive and inclusive societyfosters the growth and development of its members. On the other hand, social exclusion and discrimination can hinder an individual's progress. It is important to create an environment that is conducive to learning, innovation, and social cohesion.Moreover, human development is an ongoing process that requires continuous learning and growth. It is not static; it evolves as individuals encounter new experiences, challenges, and opportunities. It is about finding a balance between personal and professional life, between pursuing one's passions and fulfilling one's responsibilities.In conclusion, human development is a comprehensive process that involves the growth and evolution of an individual in all dimensions of life. It requires a multifaceted approach that encompasses education, health, culture, and social environment. It is a journey that is both personal and societal, one that requires continuous effort and commitment. As we strive for human developmentin all its dimensions, we contribute to building a more inclusive, prosperous, and sustainable world.。

发展优势英文作文1. Flexibility: One of the advantages of development is the ability to adapt and be flexible. This means being open to new ideas, embracing change, and being willing to take risks. It allows us to respond quickly to challenges and opportunities, and to find innovative solutions to problems.2. Diversity: Development brings about diversity in various aspects of life. It encourages diversity of thoughts, ideas, and perspectives, which leads to a more inclusive and tolerant society. It also promotes diversityin terms of culture, language, and traditions, enrichingour understanding and appreciation of different cultures.3. Collaboration: Development fosters collaboration and cooperation among individuals, organizations, and nations.It encourages teamwork, partnership, and the sharing of resources and knowledge. By working together, we canachieve common goals, solve complex problems, and create a better future for all.4. Empowerment: Development empowers individuals and communities by providing them with opportunities for education, skills training, and economic growth. It enables people to improve their living standards, enhance their well-being, and have a voice in decision-making processes. Empowered individuals are more likely to contribute positively to society and make a difference in their own lives and the lives of others.5. Sustainability: Development emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It promotes the conservation of resources, the protection of the environment, and the responsible use of technology. By adopting sustainable practices, we can ensure a better quality of life for future generations.6. Innovation: Development encourages innovation and creativity. It pushes us to think outside the box, challenge the status quo, and come up with new and improvedways of doing things. Innovation drives economic growth, improves efficiency, and enhances the overall quality of life.7. Equality: Development strives for equality and social justice. It aims to reduce poverty, inequality, and discrimination, and to ensure equal opportunities for all. It promotes human rights, gender equality, and social inclusion, creating a more just and equitable society.8. Resilience: Development builds resilience in individuals, communities, and nations. It enables us to bounce back from adversity, overcome challenges, and adapt to changing circumstances. Resilient individuals and communities are better equipped to withstand shocks and crises, and to recover and rebuild stronger than before.9. Globalization: Development fosters globalization, which brings people and nations closer together. It promotes cultural exchange, trade, and cooperation, breaking down barriers and fostering mutual understanding and cooperation. Globalization opens up new opportunitiesfor growth, innovation, and collaboration on a global scale.10. Quality of life: Ultimately, development aims to improve the quality of life for all individuals and communities. It seeks to provide access to basic needs such as education, healthcare, clean water, and sanitation. It also promotes social well-being, happiness, and fulfillment, creating a more prosperous and harmonious society.。

人应当全面发展英语作文Title: The Importance of Holistic Development for Individuals。

In today's fast-paced and competitive world, the concept of holistic development for individuals has gained significant importance. It emphasizes the need for individuals to develop not only academically, but also socially, emotionally, and physically. This well-rounded approach to personal growth is essential for individuals to thrive in all aspects of life.First and foremost, academic development is crucial for individuals to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to succeed in their chosen fields. However, a narrow focus on academic achievement alone is not sufficient for long-term success. Individuals also need to develop socialskills such as communication, teamwork, and leadership to navigate the complexities of the modern world. By interacting with others and learning to work effectively ina team, individuals can build strong relationships and networks that will benefit them throughout their lives.Furthermore, emotional development is equally important for individuals to lead fulfilling and balanced lives. Developing emotional intelligence, resilience, and self-awareness can help individuals manage stress, cope with challenges, and maintain positive mental health. By understanding and regulating their own emotions,individuals can build healthy relationships, make sound decisions, and lead a more fulfilling life.In addition to academic and emotional development, physical development is also essential for individuals to maintain good health and well-being. Regular exercise, proper nutrition, and adequate rest are all key components of physical development. By taking care of their bodies, individuals can improve their overall health, boost their energy levels, and enhance their quality of life.In conclusion, holistic development is essential for individuals to reach their full potential and leadfulfilling lives. By focusing on academic, social, emotional, and physical development, individuals can builda strong foundation for success in all areas of their lives. It is important for individuals to prioritize theirpersonal growth and invest in their development to achieve long-term happiness and success.。

高中英语议论文写作论点论据选择练习题40题1.Which of the following is a good argument for the impact of technology on life?A.Technology makes people more isolated.B.Technology has improved communication and connectivity.C.Technology has led to a decline in creativity.D.Technology has increased environmental pollution.答案：B。

解析：选项 A 中说科技使人们更加孤立，这只是科技的一个负面影响，不能作为科技对生活的好的论点。

选项C 说科技导致创造力下降，也是片面的观点。

选项D 科技增加环境污染，也是负面的影响。

而选项B 科技改善了沟通和连接性，是科技对生活积极的影响，符合主题。

2.Which statement can be used as evidence of technology's influence on life?A.People spend less time outdoors due to technology.B.Technology has made education more accessible.C.Technology has caused a decrease in face-to-face interactions.D.Technology has led to a loss of traditional skills.答案：B。

解析：选项 A 人们因为科技花更少时间在户外，是负面的影响。

选项C 科技导致面对面交流减少，也是负面的。

选项D 科技导致传统技能丢失，同样是负面的。

而选项B 科技使教育更容易获得，是科技对生活积极的影响，符合主题。

全面发展英文作文英文：As a student, I believe that developing a well-rounded set of skills and abilities is crucial for success in both academic and personal life. In order to achieve this, I believe it is important to focus on both academic and non-academic pursuits.Academically, it is important to strive for excellence in one's chosen field of study. This means working hard to understand the material, asking questions when necessary, and seeking out additional resources such as tutoring or study groups. However, it is also important to explore other academic interests outside of one's major. This can include taking electives in different fields, attending lectures or seminars on different topics, or even pursuing a minor or double major.Non-academically, it is important to develop a range ofskills and experiences that go beyond the classroom. This can include participating in extracurricular activitiessuch as sports, clubs, or volunteer work. These experiences not only provide opportunities for personal growth and development, but also allow individuals to developimportant skills such as teamwork, leadership, and communication.In addition, I believe that it is important toprioritize self-care and mental health. This can include practicing mindfulness, engaging in physical exercise, and seeking out support from friends, family, or professionals when needed. Taking care of oneself allows individuals tobe more productive and successful in all areas of life.Overall, I believe that a well-rounded approach to personal development is essential for success and happiness. By focusing on both academic and non-academic pursuits, prioritizing self-care, and seeking out new experiences and opportunities, individuals can develop the skills and abilities needed to thrive in all areas of life.中文：作为一名学生，我认为全面发展的技能和能力对于在学术和个人生活中的成功至关重要。

发展方向的英文表达The future is always full of surprises and opportunities, and it's exciting to think about where we might be headed. Some people see a future full of technological advancements, where robots and AI make our lives easier. We'll be able to do more with less effort, and enjoy more free time to pursue our passions.Others dream of a future where we've made significant strides in sustainability and environmental protection. Clean energy will be the norm, and we'll have restored our planet to a healthier, more vibrant state. This future is about living in harmony with nature, rather than exploiting it for our own gain.Some envision a future where society is more inclusive and diverse, where everyone has equal access to opportunities and resources. This future is about breaking down barriers and building bridges, creating a world where everyone can thrive.And still, others picture a future where we've made progress in personal growth and development. We'll be more self-aware, more compassionate, and more understanding of others. This future is about becoming our best selves, and helping others to do the same.No matter what direction our future takes, it's sure to be filled with new challenges and adventures. The key is to stay open to possibilities, and to embrace the changes that come our way. After all, it's the unknown that makes life so exciting!。

全文分为作者个人简介和正文两个部分：作者个人简介：Hello everyone, I am an author dedicated to creating and sharing high-quality document templates. In this era of information overload, accurate and efficient communication has become especially important. I firmly believe that good communication can build bridges between people, playing an indispensable role in academia, career, and daily life. Therefore, I decided to invest my knowledge and skills into creating valuable documents to help people find inspiration and direction when needed.正文：发展是国家和民族进步的动力英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Development is the Driving Force for National and Ethnic ProgressAs a student, I have come to realize that development in all its forms is the essential driving force behind the progress ofnations and ethnic groups around the world. Development encompasses economic growth, social advancement, technological innovation, and cultural enrichment, all of which are intertwined and interdependent. It is the catalyst that propels societies forward, breaking down barriers and unlocking new opportunities for prosperity and self-actualization.At the heart of development lies economic growth, which serves as the bedrock for all other forms of progress. A robust and thriving economy creates jobs, generates wealth, and fosters an environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship. It provides the necessary resources for governments to invest in critical infrastructure, education, healthcare, and social welfare programs, thereby improving the overall quality of life for citizens. Economic development has lifted millions out of poverty, empowered individuals, and enabled nations to assert their place on the global stage.However, economic growth alone is not enough. True progress also demands social advancement, which encompasses the promotion of human rights, gender equality, and access to education and healthcare. A society that values and invests in its people is better equipped to harness the full potential of its citizens, fostering an environment where creativity, criticalthinking, and innovation can flourish. Social development enables individuals to break free from the shackles of oppression, discrimination, and ignorance, paving the way for a more just, equitable, and inclusive society.Technological innovation is another vital component of development, driving efficiency, productivity, and global interconnectedness. Advancements in fields such as information technology, renewable energy, and biotechnology have revolutionized the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. Technology has facilitated the democratization of knowledge, enabling access to information and educational resources that were once the exclusive domain of the privileged few. It has also played a crucial role in addressing global challenges such as climate change, disease prevention, and food security.Cultural development is equally important, as it serves to preserve and enrich the unique identities, traditions, and values of nations and ethnic groups. A thriving cultural landscape fosters a sense of pride, belonging, and unity within communities, while also promoting understanding, respect, and appreciation for diversity on a global scale. Cultural exchanges and collaborations have the power to bridge divides, fosterdialogue, and inspire creative expression, ultimately contributing to the richness and vibrancy of the human experience.As we navigate the complexities of the 21st century, it is clear that development in all its facets is crucial for the progress of nations and ethnic groups. Economic growth provides the foundation for prosperity, social advancement ensures equality and empowerment, technological innovation drives efficiency and global connectivity, and cultural development preserves and celebrates our diverse heritage.However, it is important to acknowledge that development is not a linear process, nor is it devoid of challenges and setbacks. Rapid industrialization and urbanization have often come at the cost of environmental degradation, resource depletion, and social upheaval. The pursuit of economic growth has, in some cases, led to the exploitation of workers, the exacerbation of income inequality, and the displacement of indigenous communities. Technological advancements have also raised concerns about privacy, cyber security, and the potential displacement of human labor by automation.To address these challenges, it is imperative that development is pursued in a sustainable and responsible manner, balancing economic, social, and environmental considerations.Governments, corporations, and civil society organizations must work in concert to prioritize inclusive and equitable growth, promote renewable and clean energy solutions, and invest in education and skill development to ensure that no one is left behind in the march of progress.Furthermore, international cooperation andknowledge-sharing are crucial for accelerating development on a global scale. By collaborating and learning from one another, nations and ethnic groups can leverage best practices, share innovative solutions, and collectively address transnational challenges such as climate change, pandemic prevention, and sustainable resource management.As a student, I am acutely aware of the pivotal role that education plays in fostering development. Access to quality education is a fundamental human right and a powerful tool for empowerment, enabling individuals to acquire the knowledge, skills, and critical thinking abilities necessary to contribute to the progress of their communities and societies. Education is the great equalizer, breaking down barriers of poverty, discrimination, and ignorance, and unlocking the full potential of individuals and nations alike.In conclusion, development is the driving force for national and ethnic progress, encompassing economic growth, social advancement, technological innovation, and cultural enrichment. It is a multifaceted and complex endeavor, one that requires a delicate balance of priorities and a commitment to sustainability, equity, and global cooperation. As students, we have a crucial role to play in shaping the future of development, by acquiring knowledge, fostering innovation, and advocating for responsible and inclusive practices that uplift all members of society. Only through collective action and a shared commitment to progress can we unlock the full potential of our nations and ethnic groups, ushering in a brighter, more prosperous, and more equitable future for all.篇2Development: The Engine Propelling Nations and Peoples ForwardIn today's rapidly evolving world, the concept of development has emerged as a critical catalyst, propelling nations and ethnic groups towards unprecedented progress. As a student deeply invested in understanding the intricacies of societal evolution, I have come to recognize the profound impactthat development exerts on shaping the trajectory of countries and communities alike.At its core, development encompasses a multifaceted array of endeavors, ranging from economic growth and technological advancement to social reforms and infrastructural improvements. It is a process that transcends mere numerical indicators, delving deep into the realm of human well-being, empowerment, and the realization of collective aspirations.One of the most tangible manifestations of development lies in the realm of economic prosperity. Through strategic investments in industries, job creation, and the cultivation of an entrepreneurial spirit, nations can unleash their true potential, fostering an environment conducive to wealth generation and financial stability. This, in turn, paves the way for improved living standards, access to quality education, and enhanced healthcare facilities – all cornerstones of a thriving society.Moreover, development acts as a catalyst for technological innovation, a domain that has reshaped the very fabric of our existence. The pursuit of cutting-edge technologies not only enhances efficiency and productivity but also unlocks new frontiers of knowledge and discovery. From groundbreaking medical advancements to sustainable energy solutions, themarriage of human ingenuity and technological prowess holds the key to addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity.Yet, development is not merely confined to the realms of economics and technology; it carries profound social implications as well. Empowering marginalized communities, bridging the gender divide, and promoting inclusivity are integral aspects of development that foster societal cohesion and cultivate a sense of shared purpose. By dismantling barriers and creating opportunities for all, nations can harness the collective strengths of their diverse populace, unleashing a torrent of creativity, innovation, and progress.Furthermore, infrastructural development plays a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of nations and peoples. Robust transportation networks, reliable communication systems, and modern utility grids form the backbone upon which economies thrive and societies flourish. Investment in these critical areas not only enhances connectivity and efficiency but also facilitates the seamless integration of remote regions, ensuring that the benefits of development permeate every corner of a nation.However, development is not a linear path; it is a complex, multidimensional journey fraught with challenges and obstacles.Issues such as environmental degradation, income inequality, and political instability can impede progress and undermine the very foundations upon which development is built. It is incumbent upon nations and peoples to strike a delicate balance, pursuing growth while simultaneously safeguarding the natural world and promoting social justice.As a student, I am acutely aware of the pivotal role that education plays in fueling the engine of development. Access to quality education not only equips individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate an ever-changing landscape but also cultivates critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and a thirst for lifelong learning. By investing in educational opportunities for all, nations can nurture a workforce capable of driving innovation, fostering entrepreneurship, and tackling the complex challenges that lie ahead.Moreover, the pursuit of development necessitates a commitment to global cooperation and collaboration. No nation exists in isolation, and the challenges we face transcend borders and cultures. By forging strategic partnerships, sharing knowledge and resources, and embracing a spirit of mutual understanding, nations can collectively address issues of globalsignificance, such as climate change, public health crises, and sustainable resource management.As I reflect on the profound impact of development, I cannot help but be inspired by the resilience and determination of nations and peoples who have defied seemingly insurmountable odds to chart their own paths towards progress. From the meteoric rise of once-impoverished nations to the revival of indigenous cultures and traditions, the annals of history are replete with stories of triumph over adversity, reminding us of the indomitable human spirit.In conclusion, development is not merely a lofty ideal; it is a fundamental imperative that holds the key to unlocking the boundless potential of nations and peoples. Through concerted efforts in economic growth, technological advancement, social reforms, and infrastructural improvements, we can forge a world where prosperity, equality, and opportunity are within reach for all. As a student, I am committed to playing my part in this remarkable journey, armed with the knowledge and determination to contribute to the betterment of society and the realization of a brighter, more sustainable future for generations to come.篇3Development is the Key to a Nation's AdvancementAs students, we are constantly reminded of the importance of progress and growth, not just in our academic pursuits but in all aspects of life. This rings true for nations as well –development serves as the driving force propelling countries and their people towards a better future. It is a multifaceted concept that encompasses economic, social, political, and technological realms, all working in tandem to uplift societies and pave the way for meaningful change.At its core, economic development is perhaps the most visible manifestation of a nation's progress. It is the engine that powers growth, creating opportunities for employment, fostering innovation, and improving the overall standard of living for citizens. When a country's economy thrives, it generates wealth that can be reinvested into critical sectors such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure – the foundations upon which a prosperous society is built.However, true development goes beyond mere financial gain. It must also address the social and cultural dimensions that shape a nation's identity. This includes promoting equal access to resources, empowering marginalized communities, and preserving cultural heritage while embracing modernity. Adeveloped nation is one that celebrates diversity, upholds human rights, and ensures that no one is left behind in the pursuit of progress.Furthermore, political stability and good governance are indispensable for sustained development. A nation that fosters transparency, accountability, and the rule of law creates an environment conducive to growth and attracts investment, both domestic and foreign. Strong institutions and effective leadership are crucial in navigating the challenges that arise during periods of rapid change, ensuring that development initiatives are implemented efficiently and equitably.In today's world, technological advancements play a pivotal role in driving national progress. From cutting-edge innovations in fields like renewable energy and biotechnology to the widespread adoption of digital technologies, a nation's ability to harness the power of technology can significantly accelerate its development trajectory. It is imperative for countries to invest in research and development, nurture a skilled workforce, and create an environment that encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.Yet, development is not a linear path; it is a constant journey fraught with obstacles and setbacks. Global challenges such asclimate change, pandemics, and conflicts pose significant threats to the progress of nations. It is therefore crucial for countries to work together, fostering international cooperation and adopting sustainable practices that prioritize the well-being of both present and future generations.As students, we have a unique opportunity to contribute to our nation's development. By gaining a quality education, we equip ourselves with the knowledge and skills necessary to drive positive change. Our curiosity, creativity, and passion for learning can fuel innovation and shape the course of our country's future. Furthermore, by actively engaging in civic discourse and advocating for policies that promote inclusive growth, we can play a vital role in shaping the development agenda.In conclusion, development is not merely a buzzword; it is the lifeblood of a nation's progress. It is a multidimensional endeavor that requires a holistic approach, addressing economic, social, political, and technological factors simultaneously. As students, we must recognize the pivotal role that development plays in shaping our nation's destiny and strive to be agents of positive change. For it is through our collective efforts and unwavering commitment to progress that we can unlock the fullpotential of our country and its people, paving the way for a brighter, more prosperous future.。

Developing countries require help offered by international organizations to ensure healthy and sustainable development. Some people think that financial aid is important. Others believe that practical aid and advice is more important. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.立场：两者都很必要，同时给出指导和帮助更能有效改善这些国家的状况正方：经济援助帮助这些国家修缮基础设施反方：真正需要的人不一定能拿到经济援助，而建议和指导会让这些国家更好的运用援助Some people think that financial aid will benefit these developing countries more than practical aid and advice. I believe that both financial and practical aid are important, however I think that practical aid is more important, as developing countries must be taught how to best use the financial aid they receive.There is no doubt that developing countries can benefit from financial aid. This aid can help fund the building of schools and education systems, the construction of roads and bridges, and the financing of business start-ups and expansions. On the other hand, detractors will point out that financial aid from international organizations often times does not reach the people or parties for whom it is intended. That financial aid, without the practical aid to accompany it, may be subject to wasteful spending or worse, corruption.Practical aid and advice can provide the groundwork for a more sustainable economy, also for the more efficient use of funds and resources. As an example, an international organization that provided corn to a developing country in the hopes that the people there would plant the corn and create a sustainable food source. Instead, the people ate the corn. What was intended to be a sustainable food source instead became a one-time food donation. The people of the developing country were lacking the practical knowledge regarding what to do with the corn and how to make it a sustainable food source.Although financial aid is certainly beneficial to a developing country the benefit of that aid will not be sustainable unless it is accompanied by practical advice and knowledge in regards to how to use hose funds.其他观点It is quite common to provide international aid to poor countries these days. Some people think financial support is more important than practical aid. I believe that if these aids should be combined with each other in order to achieve the best beneficial results.Financial funds given directly to developing countries may pose a threat to the society and cause many related problems, like corruption. Countries that receive funds on a regular basis may develop a reliance on this source of finance. Also, authorities will take advantage of this opportunity and try to use the money for other purposes. In the end, citizens in developing countries cannot enjoy the benefit of these financial aids.Practical aid and advice, on the other hand, may contribute more. International organizations can build public facilities schools, libraries to offer locals opportunities to receive education in order to find jobs in the future. The positive effects may not be seen in a short period of time, but in the long run, the educated workforce will break their country's reliance on financial aid from other countries and boost their economy independently.In my opinion, I believe that financial aid and for sustainable development are equally important for people in developing countries. International organizations can support these financially struggling countries with funds especially when their citizens are suffering from serious problems like famine. While if it is not in an emergent situation. Instead of asking for money, many of these countries truly need technicians to teach them how to build power plants and dams. So, donators may double check with recipients and make sure that the aid is what they really need.Some people believe that rich countries should provide poorer countries with other types of help rather than financial aid. To what extent do you agree or disagree?立场：强烈赞成正方：经济援助使用妥当，会让贫穷国家的经济更健康的发展反方：长期来看，单给钱不一定能是最好的，应辅以其他的援助，比如：科技，财政指导Some people believe that it would be better for rich countries to provide poorer countries with types of aid other than just financial aid. I agree strongly with that premise.There is no doubt that poorer countries can benefit from financial aid. Money is required to build and maintain a healthy economy in any country. Financial aid, if used wisely and effectively, can become the lifeblood of any economy that aims to be self-sustaining.That being said, other forms of aid may be more effective in guaranteeing the long-term success and sustenance of the developing country's economy. Other forms of aid might include technological aid or expertise, manpower, financial and educational expertise etc. Countries would be able to use technological aid to become more relevant in the worldwide market. They could use educational expertise to develop education systems which will allow for the country to educate its young people and eventually reap the economical benefits of an educated society. The developing countries could use the financial expertise offered by other countries to determine how best to use their financial resources and how best to develop financial plans and systems that will encourage a prosperous economy.In conclusion financial aid offered by richer countries to poorer countries can be vital for those poorer countries as they try to develop vibrant and sustainable economies. However, that being said, richer countries might be better served to offer other types of help other than just financial help, or relevant help to accompany the financial aid they are offering.其他观点Financial aids to developing nations provided by developed countries are quite common in theworld. Although financial support, I believe other forms of support could be more helpful.Other kinds of aid, such as education can be a great approach to solve problems in developing countries. In many poor nations, the social problems are very severe due to the fact that most people are under-educated. If rich countries can provide scholarship or build public schools for the children there, crimes would be mitigated, and in the long run, the well-educated workforce can develop the economy of their country by themselves.Also, providing construction material and technology for public facilities is effective. The improvement of public infrastructure, such as libraries, water and electricity supply system and public transport system, in a way contributes to higher productivity as people would less likely be affected by bad public services and save more time and energy for their work.On the other hand, direct financial support may not benefit people in poorer countries as expected. The government in these countries might use the donating money for other purposes. Consequently, the people in need will still suffer. Moreover, some nations try to interfere with other countries' politics by aiding them financially. So, financial support is not the perfect way to solve social problems in poorer nations.In conclusion, the money donated to developing countries cannot completely solve poor countries' problems, so international aids should be provided in other forms, such as education or the construction of public facilities.Most of the urgent problems can only be solved with international cooperation. To what extent do you agree or disagree?立场：同意1. 以环境问题为例，环境问题已经是全球化问题。

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payment不具有法律效力null不具有法律效力void不履行合同breach of contract不履行合约repudiation of thecontract不名誉的行为及手法dishonourable conduct and practices不能成立unable to establish不时frequently不予支持unassisted不作为omission财产分割properties division财产所有权property right裁定ruling裁定order产权制度property order产权关系property relations撤消并发回给reversed andremanded to the original court陈述state承担assume承担责任to be responsible for承典人pledgee承典人pawnee承认confess城市住宅局City House Bureau出典人pledgor出典人pawnor出口退税制度the system ofrefunding taxes on exported goods出口押汇bill purchased出资比例ratio of investments处罚penalty触犯violate传销pyramid selling串通collaborate从宽处理lenient punishment,liberal punishment从轻处罚lesser punishment从轻处罚lighter punishment从轻处罚impose a lenientsentence从轻原则the principle of lighterpunishment从事commit大律师名册panels of counsels大律师事务所barristers' chambers,chambers of counsel大律师书记barrister's clerk律师行业the practice of law大批bulk代理检察员acting prosecutor代理人agent代理审判员acting judge代通知金payment in lieu of notice代销sales by proxy丹东市Dandong Municipality丹阳市Danyang Municipality单位entity unit单务合同unilateral contract担保guarantee担保人guarantor担保书certificate of guarantee但书proviso当事人litigant当事人起诉要求the litigants suefor党政分工division of labourbetween the Party and thegovernment档案工作人员file clerk盗窃枪支crime of stealingfirearms and ammunition盗窃武器装备theft of militaryequipment道真仡佬族苗族自治县DaozhengMulao Nationality AutonomousCounty得到证实to be believed得利者beneficiary抵触contravene抵押mortgage抵押品pledge抵押物mortgage地方人民检察院Local People'sProcuratorate地役权easement第二审判庭second tribunal第三者the third party第一审判庭first tribunal典当物pledge调查investigation调查报告investigation调查取证investigate and collectevidence调解mediate调解和强制措施mediation andenforcement measure调解书mediation agreement调解书字号Written Mediation No.订货合同卡片 a card of contract订立formation定案结论verdict定案理由reason for decision定金deposit定期减免所得税regular reductionof income tax定性determination on the nature丢弃waive东北人民政府Northeast People'sGovernment东乡族自治县DongxiangNationality Autonomous County董事会board of directors动机intention, motive冻干健康人血浆frozen dryhealthy human blood冻干血浆frozen dry blood plasma 冻结freeze, suspend都安瑶族自治县Duan Yao Nationality Autonomous County毒品罪narcotic drug crime渎职罪crime of dereliction of duty 独立的不法行为independent wrong独立个案individual cases独立核算工业企业independent accounting unit独立请求书independent claim独立审判independent adjudication 断绝cease提出具体意见submit detailed opinions on对等原则principle of reciprocity 对等原则并参照国际惯例the principle of reciprocity and in reference to the international practice对合同词句应当按照事情是有效的而不是无效的来理解verba ita sunt intelligenda ut res magis valeat guam pareat对金钱借贷的规定regulations of money lending对滥用职权的法律补救legal remedy for abuses of power对立的一方opposite party对令状的发出作确认acknowledge the issue of the writ对上诉抗辩oppose an appeal对书面文件的词句应当按照对提出词句的当事人尤为不利的原则来解释verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem对外经济法律顾问处Foreign Economic Legal Consultancy Office 对外经济律师事务所foreign trade law firm对外经济贸易仲裁委员会Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry ofForeign Trade and Economic对物诉讼令状writ in rem对帐reconcile, reconciliation多边公约multilateral convention多边国际公约multi-latrealinternational conventions多分 a larger share多头long position, bull position多头仲裁multiple arbitration多于一名人士 2 or more persons多元立法体制plural legislativestructure多元主义pluralism峨边彝族自治县Ebian YiNationality Autonomous County恩施土家族苗族自治县EnshiTujia Nationality Miao NationalityAutonomous County恩恤付款ex gratia payment二审second instance二审裁定书order of secondinstance二审法院Court of Second Instance二审判决书written order ofSecond Instance二者只能择其一the inclusion ofone is the exclusion of the other发回重审remand a lawsuit for anew trial发货人consignor, shipper发生法律效力be legally effective发现discovery发行审核委员会the IssuanceExamination Commission发展规划development plan罚款Fin法案bill法定部门statutory machinery法定代表律师Official Solicitor法定代表人legal representative法定代理人legal agent法定继承legal inheritance法定继承人legal heir法定监护人legal guardian法定期限time limit provided bylaw法定义务legal duty法定语言legal language法定主管当局statuory authority法官法judges law法官考评委员会committee for theexamination and appraisal of judges法规laws and regulations法纪Law and Discipline法纪监督supervision over legaldiscipline法理背景jurisprudentialbackground法理背景jurisprudential base法理学jurisprudence法令decree法律程序文件written process法律冲突conflict of laws法律服务所Legal Service Office法律概念legal concept法律顾问处Legal ConsultantOffice法律后果legal effect法律解释权power of lawinterpretation法律面前人人平等equality beforethe law合法的legitimate法律上的财产处分legaldisposition of property法律上的能力legal capacity法律效果legal effect法律行律juristic act法律行为act under the law法律性legality法律性文献legal document法律虚无主义legal nihilism法律依据legal basis法律制裁legal sanctions法律制度structure of the law法人legal person法人代表legal representative法人单位legal entity法人委托书power of attorney法庭程序文件process of court法团公司incorporated company法系地区relevant law area法学派别School of Legal Scholare法学研究所Institute of Law法医medicolegal法院court法院组织法organic law of thecourts法制委员会Commission onLegislation Affairs翻新revision反驳disprove反对通知书notice of objection反革命宣传煽动罪crime ofcounter revolutionary propagandaand incitement反革命罪crime ofcounter-revolution反悔repudiate, resile反诉counter-claim反要约counter offer反走私anti-smuggling返还restitution返还性损害赔偿金restitutionarydamages犯commit犯人convict犯罪分子offender犯罪客观方面objective aspect ofcrime犯罪客体object of crime犯罪事实particulars of offense犯罪心意mens rea犯罪行为actus reus犯罪中止discontinuation of acrime犯罪主观subject of crime犯罪主观方面subjective aspect ofcrime贩卖毒品crime of drug trafficking贩卖假药罪crime of selling bogusmedicines贩卖淫秽物品罪crime of selling pornographic articles贩运伪造的国家货币罪crime of trafficking in counterfeit national currency方便与公平的原则principles of convenience and fairness防城各族自治县Fangcheng Ge Nationality Autonomous County防止性禁制令prohibitory injunction妨碍pervert妨碍司法公正interfere with the course of justice妨碍司法公正obstruction of justice妨害公务罪crime of interference with public administration妨害公务罪crime of interference with state functions妨害社会管理秩序罪crime of disrupting the order of social administration妨害他人婚姻家庭罪crime of disrupting marriage and the family 房款凭证evidence of purchasing money for real estate房屋的产权property right in real estate房屋估价单home appraisal report 房屋继承successor in title, transferee in real estate, transferee mottoes放火罪crime of arson放弃relinquish放弃waive放行条release pass非专业人士lay persons非法unlawful非法illegal非法查封unlawful foreclosure非法查封财产unlawfully seal up property非法逮捕, 拘禁或搜身unlawful arrest, detention, and search 非法的告发wrongful prosecution非法的检举wrongful prosecution非法购买illegally purchasing非法拘禁罪crime of unlawfuldetention非法同居关系cohabitingunlawfully非法制造枪支及弹药罪crime ofillegally manufacturing firearms andammunition非法转让unlawful assign ment非婚生子女illegitimate child诽谤defame废除repeal分割partition分居live separate and apart分离severance分期付款installment payment分期付款by instalment分期支付by instalment分权共有人co-owner分权学说doctrine of separation ofpowers分摊apportion分租sub-lease纷争的解决settlement to disputes丰宁满族自治县FengningManchu Autonomous Region风险投资venture capital封宗法主意思想feudal legalthought佛山市Foshan Municipality否定repudiate否决权veto power否认deny否认立约non est factum夫妻spouse夫妻感情goodwill as betweenspouses夫妻共同所有财产joint propertyof the spouses夫妻关系spousal relationship夫妻关系中的子女 a child of aunion of concubinage夫妻间有互相扶养的义务mutualobligation between spouses formaintenance of one another夫妻名义pugitive spouses夫妻身份spousal relationship夫妻在婚姻关系存续期间while aspousal relationship subsists扶养的义务mutual maintenancesupport obligation扶养费maintenance符号sign福利社会welfare society福州市Fuzhou Municipality抚顺市Fushun Municipality抚养foster抚养费cost of maintenance抚养关系的继父子foster fatherand son relationship父母权parental right付购re-purchase付清余款paid the residual balance负责be responsible附带民事诉讼supplementary civilaction附录Appendix附件Appendix附属公司subsidiary附属于collateral to阜新蒙古族自治县FuxinMongolia Autonomous Country复合氨基酸compound amino acid复核审法院Court of Review复息compound interest复议review复员费decommission pay复员军人demobilized serviceman副检察长Deputy Chief Procuratoy富川瑶族自治县Fuchuan YaoNationality Autonomous改过自新remorse and reform盖章seal干部cadre干扰disturb干扰证人interfere with a witness干预intervention甘肃省Gansu Province肝炎hepatitis感化influence感情破裂loss of affection赣州市Ganzhou Municipality港币发行权authority to issueHong Kong currency革委会revolutionary committee格式合同standard form of contract个人财产personal property个体户individual household个体劳动者所有权individualworker's ownership各级at different levels各级地方政府local government atseveral levels各尽所能from each according tohis ability各省of all provinces给予assign给予适当的经济帮助rendersuitable financial assistance给予援助令状Writ of Assistance根本法律fundamental law根据成文法推定的默示条款terms implied by legislation根据法院判决推定的默示条款terms implied by courts根据惯例推定的默示条款termsimplied by usage根据婚姻法的规定according toMarriage Law provisions更改alter更换replacement工矿产品合同试行条例The TrialImplementing Regulations onContracts of Industrial and MineralProduct工矿区industrial and miningdistrict工农联盟Alliance of Workers andPeasants工商统一税unifiedindustrial-commercial tax工作场所work place公检法机关organs of the public security, the procuracy and the court 公安Public Security Officers公安部Ministry of Public Security 公安部法规局The Bureau of Policies and Regulations of the Ministry of Public Security公安处Public Security Office公安机关Public Security Organs 公安机关行政处罚决定Public Security Penalty Decision公安局Public Security Bureau公安派出所local police station公安人员Public Security Officers 公共开支public expenditure公共性public character公共帐目的审计制度system for auditing public accounts公共政策public policy公共政策的原则principle of public policy公共秩序public order公共主管当局competent authority 公积金public accumulation funds 公检法public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts公开disclose公开聆讯方式public hearing公开审理public hearing公民citizen公民劳动义务civic duty to work 公平fair公社commune公司enterprise公司存在期限duration of company公司章程Articles of Association 公诉public prosecution公诉机关public prosecution organ 公诉人public prosecutor公诉书bill of indictment公务人员public official 公有制public ownership system公约国Convention country公约证明书Conventioncertificates公证承付notarial act of honour公证会计师办事处NotarialAccountants' Office公证机关notary public公证人public notary公证证明notarial certification公职public office公众假期public holiday公众假日public holiday公众利益public advantage供认confession供述confession供销合作社supply and marketingco-operative共负盈亏share profits and losses共谋collude共青团中央The CentralCommittee of the CommunistYoung League共识政府Government byconsensus共同被告人co-defendant共同财产common property共同犯罪joint offence共同纲领common programme共同权利 a joint right共同实施违法行为jointlycommitted the offence共同误解common mistake共同原告co-plaintiff共同债务joint debts共享软件shareware勾结collude构成要件constitutive requirements估计assess股东大会stock-holder meeting股份有限公司stock limitedcompany固定资产fixed capital故意intention故意的动机intentional motive故意破坏公私财物罪crime ofintentionally sabotaging public orprivate property故意杀人罪crime of intentionalhomicide故意伤害intentional injury故意伤害致人死亡intentionalinfliction of bodily injury resultingin a person's death故意伤害致死罪crime ofintentionally injuring another whichresulted in death故意伤害罪crime of intentionalinjury故意投毒spreading poison withintent雇佣合同employment contract寡妇widow挂靠be subordinate to挂牌公司company-in-name拐卖人口罪crime of abductingand trafficking human beings关键pivotal issue关税壁垒customs barrier关系恶化worsening of relations关系过远remote关押custody关员级人员customs officer官僚主义bureaucracy官职public office管卡压interference, obstructionand oppression管理办法Administrative Measures行政措施Administrative Measures管辖范围scope of jurisdiction管辖权jurisdiction管有令状writ of possession管制control管制public surveillance管制regulate贯彻执行executed in fact广东省Guangdong Province广西壮族自治区Guangxi ZhuangNationality Autonomous Region归还restitution规范regulate规则rule规章directive桂林市Guilin Municipality锅炉压力容器检验所InspectionInstitution for Boiler PressingContainers国防部Ministry of NationalDefense国防科学技术工业委员会National Defense ScientificTechnological Industry国际供应合同international supplycontract国际惯例international commonpractice国际惯例international practice国际海事卫星组织公约Convention on the InternationalMaritime Satellite Organization国际私法private international law国际运输international transport国家安全局The StateAdministration of National Security国家版权局State CopyrightBureau国家保密局State Bureau ofProtection of ConfidentialDocuments国家编制委员会StateOrganization Commission国家标准局State Standard Bureau国家测绘局State Bureau ofSurveying and Mapping国家城市建设总局State CityConstruction General Bureau国家出版局State PublicationBureau国家出入境检验检疫局The StateAdministration for Entry-ExitInspection and Quarantine国家档案局State Archives Bureau国家地震局State SeismologyBureau国家电力公司State Electric Power Corporation国家发展计划委员会State Development & Planning Commission国家防汛总指挥郭办公室State Flood Prevention General Command Office国家房管局State Housing Management Bureau国家纺织工业局State Administration on Textile Industry 国家纺织工业局State Textile Industry Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration for Industry and Commerce国家公诉人State Prosecutor国家广播电影电视总局The State Broadcasting Film and Television Administration国家国防动员委员会National Defense Mobilization Commission 国家国内贸易局State Administration for Domestic Trade 国家国有资产管理局State State-owned Assets Administration Bureau国家海洋局State Oceanic Administration国家核安全局State Nuclear Safety Bureau国家环境保护总局State Environment Protection Administration国家黄金管理局State Gold Administration Bureau国家机关人民防空办公室State Organ People Air Defence Office国家机械工业局State Administration of Machinery Industry国家基本建设委员会State Infrastructure Commission 国家计划生育委员会State FamilyPlanning Commission国家计划委员会State PlanningCommission国家计量局State MetrologicalBureau机部机械设备成套总局GeneralOffice of Complete Set ofMachinery of the First MachineryIndustry Ministry of the StateConstruction Commission国家建筑材料工业局StateConstruction Materials IndustryAdministration国家教育委员会State EducationCommission国家结构state structure国家进出口管理委员会StateImport & Export RegulatoryCommission国家进出口银行State Import &Export Bank国家禁毒委员会National BanDrugs Commission国家经济贸易委员会StateEconomy & Trade Commission国家经济体制改革委员会StateCommission for RestructuringEconomy国家经济委员会State EconomyCommission国家开发银行State DevelopmentBank国家开发银行办公厅GeneralOffice of State Development Bank国家科委自然科学奖励委员会State Science Commission国家科学发明评选委员会StateScience Commission InventSelection Commission国家科学技术委员会StateScientific and TechnologicalCommission国家劳动总局State LabourBureau国家粮食储备局State GrainReserves Bureau国家林业局State Bureau ofForestry国家旅游局State Bureau ofTourism国家煤炭工业局State CoalIndustry Administration国家密码管理委员会办公室StateSecret code Regulatory CommissionOffice国家民族事务委员会StateNational Affairs Commission国家南极考察委员会NationalSouth Pole InvestigationCommission国家能源投资公司State EnergyResources Investment Corporation国家能源委员会State EnergyResources Commission国家农业委员会State AgricultureCommission国家农业综合开发办公室StateAgriculture ComprehensiveDevelopment Office国家破产储量管理局StateMinerals Reserves AdministrationBureau国家器具state apparatus国家轻工业局State Light IndustryAdministration国家轻工业局State Light IndustryBureau国家人防委员会State People's AirDefense Commission国家人事局State PersonnelBureau国家商标局State TrademarkBureau国家商检局State CommodityInspection Bureau国家石油和化学工业局StatePetroleum and Chemical Industry国家水产总局State AquaticProduct General Bureau国家税务局National TaxationHead Office国家税务总局StateAdministration on Taxation国家所有权state ownership国家体育运动委员会StatePhysical Culture and SportsCommission国家体育总局StateAdministration of Sports国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家土地State owned land国家土地管理局China LandAdministration Bureau国家外国专家局State ForeignExpert Bureau国家外汇管理局State ForeignExchange Administration Bureau国家文物局State Cultural RelicBureau国家无线电管理委员会StateRadio Regulatory Commission国家物价局State Price ControlBureau国家物资局State CommoditiesBureau国家新闻出版署National NewsPublication Bureau (NationalCopyright Bureau)国家行政区域划分demarcation ofnational administrative zones国家行政学院Chinese Academyof Engineering Sciences国家烟草专卖局State TobaccoMonopoly Bureau国家药品监督管理局State DrugAdministration国家冶金工业局StateMetallurgical Industry Bureau国家邮政局State Post OfficeBureau国家有色金属工业局StateNon-Ferrous Metal Industry Bureau国家语言文字工作委员会StateLanguage Affairs Commission国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Bureau国家制度state system国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality Technical Supervision国家中医药管理局State Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau国家主席President of the State国家自然科学基金委员会State Natural Science Funds Commission 国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国库券treasury bills国民政府National Government国体polity国土资源部Ministry of Natural Resources国务院State Council国务院Safety manufacture Commission of the State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council国务院参事室Counsellor Office of the State Council国务院出版事业管理局Publication Cause Administration Bureau of the Council国务院电子振兴领导小组办公室Electronic Rejuvenation Leading Group Office of the State Council国务院发展研究中心The State Development Research Center国务院法制办Legal Affairs Office of the State Council国务院法制局Bureau of the Legislative Affairs under the State Council国务院扶贫开发办Aid-the-Poor Development Office of the State Council国务院港澳办Hong Kong and Macao Office of the State Council 国务院工资制度改革小组Salary Reform Group of the State Council 国务院关税税则委员会Customstariff Commission of the StateCouncil国务院环境保护领导小组Environment Protection LeadingGroup of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Bureau ofInstitutional Affairs of the StateCouncil国务院计划生育领导小组FamilyPlanning Leading Group of theState Council国务院减轻企业负担部际联席会议Lighten the Burden on theCHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY国务院经法规研究中心ResearchCentre for Economic LegislationUnder the State Council国务院经济法规研究中心Economic Law Research Center ofthe State Council国务院经济贸易办公室Economicand Trade Office of the StateCouncil国务院纠正行业不正之风办公室Correcting Industrial IllegitimatePractice Office of the State Council国务院军队转业干部安置工作小组Demobilized Army CadreEmplacement Leading Group of theState Council国务院科技干部局Science andTechnology Cadre Bureau of theState Council国务院科技教育领导小组办公室Science and Technology EducationLeading Group Office of the StateCouncil国务院口岸领导小组PortLeading Group of the State Council国务院农村发展研究中心RuralDevelopment Research Center ofthe State Council国务院贫困地区经济开发领导小组Impoverished Area EconomicDevelopment Leading Group of theState Council国务院企业管理委员会EnterpriseRegulatory Commission of the StateCouncil国务院侨务办公室OverseaChinese Affairs Office of the StateCouncil国务院清产核资领导小组Liquidition and Assets Check Groupof the State Council国务院清产核资领导小组办公室Liquidation Assets Check LeadingGroup Office of the State Council国务院清理三角债导小组Clearing "Chain Debts" LeadingGroup of the State Council国务院清理固定资产投资项目领导小组Liquidition Fixed AssetInvestment Projects Leading Groupof the State Council国务院三峡工程建设委员会Three Gorges Project ConstructionCommission of the State Council国务院三线建设调整改造规划办公室San Xian ConstructionAdjustment ReorganizationPlanning Office of the State Council国务院生产办公室ManufactureOffice of the State Council国务院水土保持委员会WaterSoil Conservation Commission ofthe State Council国务院税收财务物价大检查办公室) Taxation AccountingCommodity Price ExaminationOffice of the State Council国务院台湾事务办公室TaiwanAffairs Office of the State Council国务院特区办公室Special ZoneOffice of the State Council国务院体制改革办公室SystemReform Office of the State Council国务院统一着装管理委员会Uniform Regulatory Commission ofthe State Council国务院退伍军人和军队离退休干部安置领导小组DemobilizedSoldier and Army Retired CadreEmplacement Leading Group of theState Council国务院外事办Foreign AffairsBureau of the State Council国务院稀土领导小组Rare-EarthLeading Group of the State Council国务院新闻办公室News Office ofthe State Council国务院信息化工作领导小组Information Work Leading Group ofthe State Council国务院学位委员会AcademicDegree Commission of the StateCouncil国务院证券委员会SecuritiesCommission of the State Council国务院知青办Intellectual YoungPeople Office of the State Council国务院知识产权办公会议办公室Intellectual Property WorkingMeeting Office of the State Council国务院住房制度改革领导小组Housing System Reform LeadingGroup of the State Council国有股state-owned shares国有股减持reduce state's stake inlisted companies国债投资treasury bond investment国债专项资金special fund fortreasury bond哈尔滨市Harbin Municipality海关法customs law海关税customs duties海关总署General CustomsAdministration海军司令部CommanderDepartment of the Navy海事法院admiralty court海洋公约the Hague Convention含糊ambiguity邯郸市Handan Municipality汉族Han people合并merger合法lawful合法的房屋所有权legitimate land ownership right合法继承人lawful successor合法权益lawful benefit合法权益lawful right合法收入legitimate income合法受让人lawful assignee合法性legality合肥市Hefei Municipality合伙生意partnership合计惩处aggregate punishment合理的reasonable合理的考虑reasonable contemplation合理的预见reasonable foresee ability合理期限reasonable time合理时限reasonable time常用法律短句1.Divine‟s punishments, tho ugh slow, are always sure.天网恢恢，疏而不漏。

研究生英语阅读黄宛文编，练习用。

World English: A Blessing or a Curse?世界英语:祝福还是诅咒?1. It can be inferred from Glanville Price’s statement that he is _______ . [单选题] *A:happy that English is everywhere in Britain and IrelandB:worried about the future of the remaining Celtic languages(正确答案)C:shocked by the diversity of languages in Britain and IrelandD:amazed that many people in the UK still speak their Aboriginal languages2. Cumbric is used as an example of _______ . [单选题] *A:a local dialectB:a victim of the English language(正确答案)C:a language that is on the verge of extinctionD:a language that is used by only a limited number of people3. Which of the following is the major concern of the book Linguistic Imperialism? [单选题] *A:English teaching overseas.B:British government's language policies.C:Dominance of English over other languages.(正确答案)D:The role of English in technology advancement.4. Both Price and Phillipson are ______ . [单选题] *A:government officialsB:advocates of linguistic imperialismC:in support of language policies carried out by the British CouncilD:concerned about the negative effect of English on smaller languages(正确答案)5. According to the text, the EFL countries _______ . [单选题] *A:are large in number(正确答案)B:are known as theC:will be endangered by EnglishD:have made English their official language6. According to McArthur, Chinese is different from English in that ______ . [单选题] * A:it has made a great contribution to the worldB:it has had positive influence on other languagesC:it may result in the disappearance of other languagesD:it probably will not endanger the existence of other languages(正确答案)7. When he said [单选题] *A:punishment is dueB:the jury is waiting for a trialC:no decision has been made yet(正确答案)D:there is no one to make the decision8. Australia might be used as an example to show that ______ . [单选题] *A:languages are changing all the timeB:some English words are derived from LatinC:English has promoted the progress of some nationsD:English should be blamed for the extinction of smaller languages(正确答案)9. Many people see English as a blessing for people in ______ . [单选题] *A:AustraliaB:East AsiaC:South Africa(正确答案)D:ESL countries10. The main theme of this speech is that _______ . [单选题] *A:English should be taught worldwideB:English as a world language does more harm than goodC:we should be objective to the internationalization of English(正确答案)D:we should be aware of the danger of English as a world languageAnxiety: Challenge by Another Name 焦虑是挑战的另一个名字1. Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the selection? [单选题] *A:The butterflies-in-the-stomach type of anxiety differs greatly from severe states of anxiety.B:Taking on a job assignment that required traveling helped the author get over his anxiety.C:People learn and grow by confronting situations that make them anxious.(正确答案) D:Anxiety is an unpredictable part of life that can be dealt with in positive ways.2. When a college friend invited the author to go with him to Argentina, the author______ . [单选题] *A:rejected the invitation(正确答案)B:accepted the invitation eagerlyC:was very anxious about the idea but went anywayD:did not believe his friend was serious3. As graduation approached, the author’s professor urged him to ______ . [单选题] *A:try to make his living as a writerB:study in the graduate school(正确答案)C:ask his parents for adviceD:teach in the school4. According to Danish philosopher Seren Kierkegaard, _______ . [单选题] *A:anxiety occurs when we face the chance of development(正确答案)B:you can't advance without getting anxiousC:we don't have to endure worry and concernD:we have anxieties throughout our life5. Extinction is the term psychologists use for ________ . [单选题] *A:the inborn tendency to avoid situations that make one feel anxiousB:a person's gradual loss of confidenceC:the natural development of a child's abilitiesD:the process of losing one's fear by continuing to face anxiety(正确答案)6. By saying Which brings us to a corollary to my basic rule (Paragraph 12), the author means he has _______ . [单选题] *A:made an important inference(正确答案)B:got rid of a mythC:found out what creates anxietyD:learned a lesson which can be passed on to others7. The author implies that ______ . [单选题] *A:it was lucky that he didn't take the summer job in ArgentinaB:his son never got over his fear of the waterC:Duke Ellington's stage fright inspired him(正确答案)D:one has to be more daring than most people to overcome anxiety8. We can conclude from the article that _______ . [单选题] *A:anxiety may be a signal that one has an opportunity to grow(正确答案)B:the author considers his three-month trip to Europe a failureC:facing anxiety has eliminated all the author's depressionD:the author no longer feels anxious about new experiences9. The word daunted in The more I thought about it [going to Argentina], the more the prospect daunted me (Paragraph 1) means _______ . [单选题] *A:encouragedB:interestedC:discouraged(正确答案)D:amused10. Which of the following would be the best alternative title for this selection? [单选题] *A:A Poor DecisionB:Don't Let Anxiety Stop You(正确答案)C:Becoming a WriterD:The Courage to TravelScience and Technology科学与技术1. This article is mainly about _______ . [单选题] *A:how to tackle the problems in the newB:the direction of scientific and technological developmentC:both the positive and negative effects of the technological advances(正确答案)D:the great impact on our ethics and privacy brought by the technological advances 2. The [单选题] *A:represents the digital age(正确答案)B:emphasizes on humanityC:is highly civilizedD:benefits everyone except older citizens3. The phrase [单选题] *A:interested inB:accustomed toC:fascinated byD:connected to(正确答案)4. Which of the following is NOT responsible for the increased sense of personal freedom and power? [单选题] *A:A technologically advanced society is centralized.(正确答案)B:There is much greater access to information than before.C:People can have the open sharing of resources online.D:The notion of equality is emphasized on the Internet.5. Concerned about the potential effect of the Human Genome Project, most Americans would _______ . [单选题] *A:welcome human cloning to improve their standard of livingB:support the genetic research which could help to cure genetic diseases(正确答案) C:welcome creating plants that produced plastics and glowed in the darkD:support making genetically altered babies to suit their parents' wishes6. How could the [单选题] *A:They are so reproductive that they will outsell other kinds of seeds.B:The patents on theC:The farmers have to buy seeds again as the(正确答案)D:Because the plants, into which the7. Many people who think government should not outlaw pornography on the Web believe that ________ . [单选题] *A:there were still a large number of people who have need for pornographyB:everyone could voice his ideas, no matter how weird or offensive they are(正确答案) C:the government had no right to interfere with the development of the InternetD:the government might be encouraged to spy on each suspicious computer8. The development of genetic science might threaten personal privacy in that ________ . [单选题] *A:the data of the people with genetic diseases will be publishedB:people may be treated differently based on their genetic data(正确答案)C:patents on the human genetic code will bring scientists enormous profitsD:scientists will use information about human life for personal gains9. [单选题] *A:the study of life in outer spaceB:the study of the origin of lifeC:the study of moleculesD:the study of nanotechnology(正确答案)10. What is the critics’ attitude towards the large scale of space research as mentioned in the last paragraph? [单选题] *A:They believe that such a research would be a waste of resources.B:They doubt its necessity because there are new and interesting projects on Earth.(正确答案)C:They are concerned that space research would prove to be fruitless.D:They believe that space research is not so important as nanotechnology.Here's to a Long and Unhappy Life 为漫长而不快乐的人生干杯1. Which sentence best expresses the main point of this selection? [单选题] *A:Mild depression seems to distract women from life-shortening stresses.(正确答案) B:As grandmothers have led very hard lives, they have reason to complain.C:Caring for an elderly parent is dangerously stressful.D:Depression is not as dangerous or serious as people believe it to be.2. The author suggests that complaining elders ______ . [单选题] *A:should be dealt with by tuning them outB:tend to be unpleasant to visit(正确答案)C:are sad and lonelyD:all talk about the same things3. The main problem that the author’s grandmother endured was ________ . [单选题] * A:the poor quality of the care facility where she livedB:that her children and grandchildren seldom visited herC:that the nurses of the hospital were always impatientD:that she suffered from serious diseases and was paralyzed(正确答案)4. The author feels that her grandmother ______ . [单选题] *A:had a loving family and no real reason to be depressedB:was depressed because she did not live with her familyC:was depressed because she had to share a room with a strangerD:had led a difficult life whose circumstances were depressing(正确答案)5. We can conclude that the author’s mother _______ . [单选题] *A:worked hard and endured the same type of stress that the grandmother avoided(正确答案)B:was a saint who selflessly sacrificed herself for her own motherC:did a demanding and draining job because she had a death wishD:was treated badly by all her elderly patients6. The author called her mother’s last client [单选题] *A:the old lady was too miserlyB:her mother didn't like the old ladyC:the old lady was emotionless(正确答案)D:she hated rich people7. We can infer from most of the examples provided by the author that _______ . [单选题] *A:women work far harder than people realizeB:caring for others leads to fulfillment in lifeC:only the good people die youngD:suppressing strong emotions is destructive(正确答案)8. The author’s fundamental recommendation to her female readers who want to livelonger lives is to _______ . [单选题] *A:drink heavily, smoke, and carry weaponsB:reserve a space in a care facility as soon as possibleC:stop suffering in silence and keeping stress in heart(正确答案)D:sit in their backyards, acquire cats, and ignore others9. By using the word [单选题] *A:warmB:agreeableC:hardD:somewhat cold(正确答案)10. Which of the following would make the best alternative title for the selection? [单选题] *A:Survival Is a Nasty BusinessB:The Misery of Retirement HomesC:Mild Depression Is a Woman's Best Defense(正确答案)D:Grandmothers, Mothers, and DaughtersThe Functions and Effects of Music 音乐的功能和效果1. In the first paragraph the author points out that _______ . [单选题] *A:music is different from other means of mass mediaB:music or recordings have not been used for persuasive purposeC:music has the same function in persuasion as other mass media(正确答案)D:the common purpose of mass media is for advertising2. From the information presented in this reading, you can infer that the recording industry _____ . [单选题] *A:prefers to remain politically neutralB:was forced by the public to release patriotic songsC:has remained antiwar over the past fifty yearsD:has taken a political stand in past wars(正确答案)3. Adapting old familiar songs with new lyrics is intended to ______ . [单选题] *A:transfer feelings or associations from old to new(正确答案)B:bring back fond memoriesC:create new folk heroesD:reestablish familiar environments4. According to the first part of the text, music has played an important role in the _____ . [单选题] *A:political campaigns of many leadersB:civil rights movement(正确答案)C:establishment of new lawsD:economic development5. The Federal Communications Commission’s position on censorship of music states that it is _____ . [单选题] *A:the artist's responsibilityB:the station's responsibility(正确答案)C:the program director's responsibilityD:the listener's or parents' responsibility6. Which of the following best defines the word ’mosaics [单选题] *A:Artistic models.B:Attitudes and behaviors.C:Social skills.D:Various forms.(正确答案)7. Which of the following conclusions can be most clearly drawn from this article? [单选题] *A:Music will continue to be a form of social and political expression.(正确答案)B:The Federal Communications Commission will soon change its position on censorship. C:Music will cease to distinguish one generation from another.D:Elvis Presley will still be popular with successive generations.8. From the last paragraph of the reading, it is reasonable to infer that ______ . [单选题] *A:singing idols are important in the establishment of boy-girl relationshipsB:boys' emotional maturation is equal to that of girls of the same ageC:boys prefer not to become involved with girlsD:girls mature more rapidly than boys during early teenage years(正确答案)9. The passage suggests that the functions of music are ______ . [单选题] *A:uniqueB:questionableC:diverse(正确答案)D:extraordinary10. The author’s primary purpose in writing the passage is to _______ . [单选题] *A:discuss the functions of music in our society(正确答案)B:argue that music has been used by age groupsC:urge censorship of controversial lyricsD:describe music as a political toolThe Weird World of Tobacco 烟草的怪异世界1. After a panel judgment of $145 billion was awarded, the stock market ______ . [单选题] *A:witnessed an immediate downturnB:soared in a matter of daysC:slightly increased in sales volumeD:remained almost unaffected(正确答案)2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to [单选题] *A:Without much difficulty.(正确答案)B:Without much consideration.C:Without much delay.D:Without much guilt.3. After the jurors reached the $145 billion verdict, tobacco companies ______ . [单选题] *A:had to pay the amount as demandedB:didn't receive the punishment they deserve(正确答案)C:announced to apply for bankruptcyD:gave up profits for a better corporate image4. What is the reason given by Al Gore for not banning cigarettes? [单选题] *A:There are millions of smokers in the U.S.(正确答案)B:There are millions of tobacco farmers in the U.S.C:Tobacco companies are important tax-payers.D:Tobacco consumption is a stimulus to economy.5. Which of the following statements is true? [单选题] *A:Sale of cigarettes has always been a legal commercial activity.B:Use of cocaine or heroin has always been banned by law.C:Cigarettes are not as harmful as cocaine or heroin in nature.D:Cocaine or heroin used to be considered safer than cigarettes.(正确答案)6. We can draw the conclusion that the author’s attitude toward Republican policy on tobacco is ______ . [单选题] *A:supportiveB:indifferentC:critical(正确答案)D:obscure7. What is the present argument put forward by tobacco companies to reject FDA regulation? [单选题] *A:Little evidence proves that cigarettes can cause cancer.B:Few smokers show signs as tobacco addicts.C:FDA lacks the legal right to ban cigarettes.(正确答案)D:Smokers have the right to smoke as they wish.8. What does the author think of the arguments against banning cigarettes and the future of cigarettes? [单选题] *A:The arguments are strong, and cigarettes will not be banned.B:The arguments are strong, but cigarettes will be banned.C:The arguments are not strong, and cigarettes will be banned.D:The arguments are not strong, but cigarettes will not be banned.(正确答案)9. The author’s primary purpose in writing this text is to ______ . [单选题] *A:prove the harmful effects of cigarettesB:advocate regulation and banning of cigarettes(正确答案)C:analyze the lawsuits against tobacco companiesD:call on smokers to give up cigarettes10. Tobacco companies are now willing to admit wrongdoing because they have their mind on_____ . [单选题] *A:smoker’s healthB:government regulationC:commercial profit(正确答案)D:public pressureSpillonomics: Underestimating Risk (漏油经济):低估了风险1. By “the pattern seems clear“ (Paragraph l), the author implies that what happened at Deepwater Horizon _______ . [单选题] *A:has its unique reasonsB:is not an isolated event(正确答案)C:is avoidable if taken seriouslyD:is unavoidable no matter what2. The author specifically mentions Joe Barton’s criticism of BP to emphasize that______ . [单选题] *A:public opinions matter in the case of the oil spillsB:the oil industry should impose pressure on BPC:BP has indeed made unforgivable wrong decisions(正确答案)D:the fight against the oil industry is inconsistent3. How might Robert Stavins comment on the BP executives and their mistakes? [单选题] *A:Nobody in their right mind would make such mistakes.B:They have everything in their power to avoid the mistakes.C:These mistakes are actually beyond human controlD:These mistakes, though serious, reflect common human weakness.(正确答案)4. The “black swan“ in Paragraph 4 means that the thing in question ________ . [单选题] *A:is preciousB:rarely happens(正确答案)C:is only our dreamD:catches our attention5. People’s fear of planes after the 9/11 attacks _______ . [单选题] *A:is understandableB:drives them crazyC:cannot be fully justified(正确答案)D:proves to be well-grounded6. Things with the high stakes ________ . [单选题] *A:should be left to the market aloneB:can be better handled with government help(正确答案)C:can be better solved by the market than the governmentD:may be made worse by government intervention7. Michael Greenstone would summarize the role played by the 1990 law as ______ . [单选题] *A:beneficialB:unpredictableC:negligibleD:adverse(正确答案)8. By “it would be foolish to think that the only risks we are still underestimating are the ones that have suddenly become salient“ in Paragraph 9, the author means to stress that ______ . [单选题] *A:there are also risks in fields other than the oil industry(正确答案)B:there are more risks in the oil industry than we have knownC:we no longer underestimate the risks in the oil industryD:we should be careful not to underestimate the risks again in the future9. The author describes in detail the greenhouse gas effect to _____ . [单选题] *A:remind people of the possible risks ahead(正确答案)B:try to persuade the global warming skepticsC:tell people to face reality and take initiativesD:convince people of the reliability of his information10. The author’s purpose in writing the article is to _______ . [单选题] *A:call on the public to condemn the oil industryB:offer solutions to the problems in the oil industryC:expose the deal between the industry and the governmentD:analyze the reasons behind the oil disasters and issue warnings(正确答案)A Beautiful Mind 美丽心灵（电影）1. The text is centered on Nash’s _______ . [单选题] *A:mental illnessB:great achievementsC:mathematical researchD:unusual characteristics(正确答案)2. When George Mackey visited John Nash, the fact that the doors to the room were closed made George ________ . [单选题] *A:a more efficient persuaderB:a more welcome visitorC:nervous and repressed(正确答案)D:comfortable and relaxed3. Nash believed in extraterrestrials because _______ . [单选题] *A:there was no scientific evidence against the existence of extraterrestrialsB:there were mysterious signs and events scientifically unexplainableC:this belief was a flash of thought which, by his judgment, made sense(正确答案) D:this belief was closely related to the mathematical problems in his mind4. What is the most important factor that made Nash a genius with mysterious talents? [单选题] *A:His quick mind.B:His ingenious intuition.(正确答案)C:His extraordinary memory.D:His power of concentration.5. Donald Newman’s words in Paragraph 4 imply that _______ . [单选题] *A:Nash was good at explaining the profound ideas in a simple wayB:Nash was reluctant to take the usual path when climbing the mountainsC:Nash's obsession with originality had been pushed to extremesD:Nash's thought and reasoning seemed difficult to understand to others(正确答案)6. Einstein, Neumann, and Wiener are mentioned in Paragraph 5 mainly to _____ . [单选题] *A:introduce the great learning environment around NashB:emphasize Nash's attitude towards authoritative figures(正确答案)C:highlight the scientific achievements in the 20th centuryD:illustrate the importance of great role models in learning7. “Thumb his nose at“ in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “_______”. [单选题] * A:take an objection to(正确答案)B:take advantage ofC:take interest inD:take credit for8. Which of the following can best express Nash’s extreme faith in rationality? [单选题] *A:He believed in extraterrestrials living on other planets in the universe.B:He worked alone, refusing to join any school of thought in his university.C:He made decisions in his life by putting them to mathematical calculations.(正确答案) D:He was able to come up with deep and novel ideas signaling new directions.9. The marvelous paradox was that the ideas themselves were not obscure (last paragraph). What was the paradox? [单选题] *A:Nash as a person was difficult to understand, but his ideas were popular.(正确答案) B:Nash was scornful of authority, but his ideas made him an obvious authority.C:Nash's reasoning was quite unusual, but his ideas were easy to understand.D:Nash's intuition was irrational, but his ideas contained faith in rationality.10. The author’s tone in writing the text is ______ . [单选题] *A:emotionalB:prejudicedC:sarcasticD:objective(正确答案)Spell of the Rising Moon1. The author often goes to the hill near his home at night because ______ . [单选题] * A:he likes climbing the hill when it is darkB:he enjoys listening to the songs of crickets and owlsC:he likes the drama shown on the hillD:he wants to regain peace and clarity(正确答案)2. From the description of the moon in Paragraph 3, we know that to the author the moon _____. [单选题] *A:is ill-tempered like a bad girlB:is always kind to humansC:has all the characters we haveD:has different characters in different seasons(正确答案)3. To the prehistoric hunters, the moon was _______ . [单选题] *A:something that made them cheerfulB:natural light that helped them work at nightC:something that helped them set time(正确答案)D:something beyond their understanding4. According to the author, the contemporary people _______ . [单选题] *A:no longer love watching the full moon as much as our ancestorsB:still enjoy watching the full moon if they have a chance(正确答案)C:grow less and less familiar with the moonD:think that there is no sense watching the moon5. One July evening the author stayed for a long time on the mountain because _____ . [单选题] *A:he wanted to stay away from the pollution and noise of the cityB:his car broke down and he could seek nobody for help(正确答案)C:he was stranded there by the forest fireD:he wanted to get the gift bestowed by the moon6. According to the author watching the moonrise can _______ . [单选题] *A:add confidence and laugh to himB:make him feel calm in the heart(正确答案)C:make him feel unimportantD:help him come up with new ideas7. What helped the author restart his car? [单选题] *A:The spell of the rising moon.B:His returned good mood.C:A mysterious power from the moon.D:Probably the cool temperature at night.(正确答案)8. The author often returns to the rising moon especially when _______ . [单选题] * A:he feels tired from his busy life(正确答案)B:he wants to contemplateC:it is autumnD:he has peace in his heart9. The author mentions Beethoven and Shakespeare because _______ . [单选题] *A:both of them loved the moon as he does(正确答案)B:their verse and music are the most famousC:the moonrise is as beautiful as a poem or musicD:the author only remembers their names10. In the passage, the author describes the moon with similes and metaphors to ______ . [单选题] *A:show his love and respect for the moon(正确答案)B:show that the moon is all powerfulC:arouse people's close feelings to the moonD:call on the readers to watch the moon for themselvesOur Picture of the Universe 我们的宇宙观1. The last sentence of Paragraph 2, “Only time (whatever that may be) will tell”, suggests that ______ . [单选题] *A:the concept of time, among other things, is also mysterious to human beingsB:with the passage of time, some truths and errors about the universe will be evident to us(正确答案)C:time is a tunnel, through which human beings can tell which way they are heading D:nothing but time can reveal the universal truth about every aspect of the galaxies2. According to the passage, Aristotle would believe that ______ . [单选题] *A:God created the universeB:Greek philosophers understood the universe betterC:the ancients suffered from repeated natural disastersD:the universe would forever exist(正确答案)3. Although the thesis and the antithesis are compelling arguments, the philosopher Immanuel Kant’s account of them is based on ______ . [单选题] *A:a single assumption that time goes back forever(正确答案)B:scientific discoveries by other philosophersC:the hypothesis that the universe has a beginningD:the Old Testament of the Bible4. That the question of the beginning of the universe attracted scientific attention was to a large extent due to _______ . [单选题] *A:St. Augustine's book The City of GodB:Immanuel Kant's work Critique of Pure ReasonC:Edwin Hubble's observation in 1929(正确答案)D:Aristotle's philosophical thoughts5. Newton’s theory of gravity is mentioned in Paragraph 8 as _______ . [单选题] *A:a good scientific theory(正确答案)B:evidence of the universeC:an unsolved scientific problemD:an example of arbitrariness m science6. According to the passage, a physical theory is generally based on _______ . [单选题] *A:predictions and hypothesesB:emphasis and agreementC:experiments and observations(正确答案)D:science and research7. Compared with Einstein’s general theory of relativity, Newton’s theory of gravity_____ . [单选题] *A:cannot be easily seen by average people, and is more complexB:is used to describe things that are closer to our lifeC:can be more easily proved by experiments and observationsD:is used for all practical purposes and is much simpler(正确答案)8. According to the passage, it is reasonable to suppose that there are laws governing the initial state of the universe, because _______ . [单选题] *A:the universe changes with timeB:the initial situation is a matter of metaphysicsC:the universe seems to be based on regular evolutions(正确答案)D:the universe develops in a completely arbitrary way9. The Newtonian theory of gravity is mentioned again in Paragraph 13 as an example to show that the way we make progress is ______ . [单选题] *A:to work out partial theories rather than a single theory about the universe(正确答案) B:to devise a theory to describe the universe in one goC:to work on both the single big theory about the universe and the partial theoriesD:to assume that the theories about the universe are not as complicated as we expect 10. The passage is mainly concerned with ______ . [单选题] *A:the creation of the universeB:the relationship between the universe and usC:the universe and its theories(正确答案)D:the universal truths about the universe。

用发展的眼光看中国See China in the Light of Her Development━━在剑桥大学的演讲Speech at the University of Cambridge中华人民共和国国务院总理温家宝 2009年2月2日Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 2 February 2009尊敬的理查德校长，女士们，先生们：Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen,来到向往已久的剑桥大学，非常高兴。

剑桥举世闻名，培养出牛顿、达尔文、培根等许多杰出的科学家、思想家，为人类文明进步作出了重要贡献。

今年是剑桥建校800周年，我谨致以热烈祝贺！It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit. Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization. This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university. Please accept my warm congratulations.这是我第四次访问英国。

中英相距遥远，但两国人民的友好交往不断增多。

香港问题的圆满解决，经贸、文教、科技等领域的有效合作，为发展中英全面战略伙伴关系奠定了坚实基础。