单片机-英文参考文献1

精品文档
[1] 李广弟等单片机基础北京航空
航天出版社，2001.7
[2] 楼然苗等51系列单片机设计实
例北京航空航天出版社，2003.3
[3] 唐俊翟等单片机原理与应用冶金工业出版社，2003.9
[4] 刘瑞新等单片机原理及应用教
程机械工业出版社，2003.7
[5] 吴国经等单片机应用技术中国
电力出版社，2004.1
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2004.1
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[8] 罗亚非，凌阳十六位单片机应用基
础2003年北京航空航天大学出版社
[9] 北京北阳电子有限公司， 061A
凌阳单片机及其附带光盘2003年
[10] 张毅刚等，MCS-51单片机应用设计，哈工大出版社，2004年第2
版
[11] 霍孟友等，单片机原理与应用
，机械工业出版社，2004.1
[12] 霍孟友等，单片机原理与应用学习
概要及题解，机械工业出版社，2005.3
[13] 许泳龙等，单片机原理及应用
，机械工业出版社，2005.1
[14] 马忠梅等，单片机的 C语言应用程序设计，北京航空航天大学出版社，
2003修订版
[15] 薛均义张彦斌虞鹤松樊波，凌
阳十六位单片机原理及应用，2003年
，北京航空航天大学出版社
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单片机设计体参考文献介绍单片机（Microcontroller）是一种集成了微处理器核心、存储器、输入/输出端口以及其他功能模块的集成电路芯片。

它具有低功耗、体积小、易于控制和使用的特点，广泛应用于各种电子设备中。

在单片机的设计过程中，参考文献的重要性不言而喻。

好的参考文献可以为设计者提供丰富的知识和经验，指导设计过程并解决问题。

本文将就单片机设计方面的参考文献进行全面、详细、完整和深入的探讨，为读者提供有关单片机设计的一些建议和指导。

选择合适的参考文献选择合适的参考文献是进行单片机设计的第一步。

以下是一些有关单片机设计的经典参考书目，供读者参考。

1. 《The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C》•作者：Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D.McKinlay•出版年份：2007年•内容简介：本书全面介绍了8051单片机的架构、编程和应用。

书中涵盖了从基本知识到高级应用的内容，适合初学者和有一定经验的读者。

2. 《ARM Cortex-M3和Cortex-M4单片机高级编程》•作者：Yifeng Zhu•出版年份：2013年•内容简介：本书详细介绍了ARM Cortex-M3和Cortex-M4单片机的架构、指令集和编程技巧。

作者通过丰富的实例和案例，深入浅出地讲解了单片机的高级编程技术。

3. 《单片机与嵌入式系统应用》•作者：Ryan Heffernan, Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Danny Causey•出版年份：2012年•内容简介：本书介绍了单片机和嵌入式系统的基本概念和原理，包括硬件和软件的设计和开发。

书中还提供了大量的实例和项目，帮助读者将理论知识应用到实际项目中。

单片机设计流程在进行单片机设计时，遵循一定的设计流程是非常重要的。

单片机参考文献（二）这篇文档旨在为单片机的开发和学习提供参考文献，并总结其中的重要信息。

以下内容将分为引言概述、正文和总结三部分展开，不再包含标题。

引言概述：单片机（Microcontroller）是一种集成了处理器核心、存储器和外设接口的微型计算机，广泛应用于嵌入式系统中。

在单片机的学习和开发过程中，参考文献对于理解技术原理、掌握编程技巧以及解决问题起到了至关重要的作用。

本文将从多个方面介绍一些有关单片机的参考文献，希望对读者有所帮助。

正文：1. 单片机基础知识- 单片机原理与应用（王野著）：介绍了单片机的基本原理、应用领域以及常见的开发工具和开发环境。

- 单片机原理与应用（邵其翔著）：讲述了单片机的基本概念、组成结构和工作原理，并提供了大量实例和实践案例。

- 单片机原理与接口技术（吴春英著）：详细介绍了单片机的基础知识和接口技术，包括输入输出、模数转换、串行通信等。

2. 单片机编程技巧- C语言程序设计与单片机应用（刘海洋著）：深入浅出地讲解了C语言在单片机编程中的应用，包括数据类型、控制语句、函数等。

- 单片机常用编程技巧与实例（郑洪波著）：通过实例介绍了单片机开发中的常用编程技巧，如定时器中断、PWM输出、串口通信等。

- 单片机应用编程实践指南（张建平著）：提供了丰富的单片机应用实例，并详细介绍了如何进行程序设计和调试。

3. 单片机外设与扩展- 单片机与外设接口设计（孙燕著）：介绍了单片机与各种常见外设的接口设计方法，包括LCD显示、键盘输入、温度传感器等。

- 单片机与外设接口技术（朱晓东著）：讲解了单片机与各类外设接口的设计原理和技术要点，如ADC、DAC、I2C等。

- 嵌入式系统设计与单片机扩展（李兵著）：详细介绍了如何设计和实现嵌入式系统，包括单片机的选型、外设的接口设计等。

4. 单片机应用实例- 单片机实战（杨洪考著）：通过一系列实际项目案例，探讨了单片机在智能家居、工业控制、医疗器械等领域的应用。

引言概述：单片机（Microcontroller）是一种集成了处理器核心、内存、输入/输出接口和定时器等功能的集成电路，广泛应用于嵌入式系统、消费电子产品、工业自动化等领域。

本文旨在通过参考相关文献，深入探讨单片机的相关概念、原理、开发工具和应用方面的知识。

正文内容：一、单片机的基本概念和原理1. 单片机的定义和分类：介绍单片机的基本概念，包括其定义、分类和特点。

2. 单片机的工作原理：详细介绍单片机内部的组成结构和工作原理，包括CPU、内存、I/O口等。

3. 单片机的指令系统和编程方式：讲解单片机的指令系统和编程方式，包括汇编语言和高级语言的使用。

4. 单片机的时钟和定时器：介绍单片机的时钟系统和定时器的原理和应用，包括计时、计数和中断处理等。

二、单片机的开发工具和环境1. 单片机的编程和调试工具：介绍常见的单片机编程和调试工具，包括开发板、编译器和调试器等。

2. 单片机的开发环境配置：详细讲解如何配置单片机的开发环境，包括软件安装、驱动程序设置和调试工具的使用方法。

3. 单片机的模拟仿真和实际应用：介绍单片机的模拟仿真技术和实际应用调试方法，包括仿真器和仿真软件的选择和使用。

三、单片机的应用领域和案例分析1. 单片机在嵌入式系统中的应用：介绍单片机在嵌入式系统中的应用，包括家电、智能家居、智能穿戴设备和机器人等领域。

2. 单片机在消费电子产品中的应用：详细介绍单片机在消费电子产品中的应用，包括手机、电视、音响和游戏机等。

3. 单片机在工业自动化中的应用：讲解单片机在工业自动化中的应用，包括自动控制系统、传感器、仪表和机器人等。

4. 单片机在通信和网络中的应用：介绍单片机在通信和网络中的应用，包括无线通信、数据传输和互联网连接等技术。

5. 单片机在医疗和生物技术中的应用：讲解单片机在医疗和生物技术中的应用，包括医疗设备、生物传感器和基因工程等方面。

四、单片机的发展趋势和未来展望1. 单片机的发展历程和趋势：回顾单片机的发展历程，分析当前单片机技术的趋势，包括集成度、功耗和性能等方面的改进。

单⽚机设计的参考⽂献
单⽚机设计的参考⽂献
[1] 李⼴弟等单⽚机基础北京航空航天出版社， 2001.7
[2] 楼然苗等 51 系列单⽚机设计实例北京航空航天出版社， 2003.3
[3] 唐俊翟等单⽚机原理与应⽤冶⾦⼯业出版社， 2003.9
[4] 刘瑞新等单⽚机原理及应⽤教程机械⼯业出版社， 2003.7
[5] 吴国经等单⽚机应⽤技术中国电⼒出版社， 2004.1
[6] 李全利，迟荣强编著单⽚机原理及接⼝技术⾼等教育出版社，2004.1
[7] 侯媛彬等，凌阳单⽚机原理及其毕业设计精选 2006年，科学出版社
[8] 罗亚⾮，凌阳⼗六位单⽚机应⽤基础2003年北京航空航天⼤学出版社
[9] 北京北阳电⼦有限公司，061A凌阳单⽚机及其附带光盘2003年
[10] 张毅刚等， MCS-51单⽚机应⽤设计，哈⼯⼤出版社，2004年第2版
[11] 霍孟友等，单⽚机原理与应⽤，机械⼯业出版社，2004.1
[12] 霍孟友等，单⽚机原理与应⽤学习概要及题解，机械⼯业出版社，2005.3
[13] 许泳龙等，单⽚机原理及应⽤，机械⼯业出版社，2005.1
[14] 马忠梅等，单⽚机的C语⾔应⽤程序设计，北京航空航天⼤学出版社，2003修订版
[15] 薛均义张彦斌虞鹤松樊波，凌阳⼗六位单⽚机原理及应⽤，2003年，北京航空航天⼤学出版社。

单片机的参考文献内容单片机又称单片微控制器,它不是完成某一个逻辑功能的芯片,而是把一个计算机系统集成到一个芯片上。

单片机的[1]陈堂敏.刘焕平主编.单片机原理与应用.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2007.[2]沈美明.温动蝉编著.IBM-PC汇编语言程序设计.北京:清华大学出版社,1994.[3]张仰森等编.微型计算机常用软硬件技术速查手册.北京:北京希望电脑公司,1994.[4]江修汗等编.计算机控制原理与应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.发展历史单片机（Microcontrollers）诞生于1971年，经历了SCM、MCU、SoC三大阶段，早期的SCM单片机都是8位或4位的。

其中最成功的是INTEL的8051，此后在8051上发展出了MCS51系列MCU系统。

基于这一系统的单片机系统直到现在还在广泛使用。

随着工业控制领域要求的提高，开始出现了16位单片机，但因为性价比不理想并未得到很广泛的应用。

90年代后随着消费电子产品大发展，单片机技术得到了巨大提高。

随着INTEL i960系列特别是后来的ARM系列的广泛应用，32位单片机迅速取代16位单片机的高端地位，并且进入主流市场。

而传统的8位单片机的性能也得到了飞速提高，处理能力比起80年代提高了数百倍。

高端的32位Soc单片机主频已经超过300MHz，性能直追90年代中期的专用处理器，而普通的型号出厂价格跌落至1美元，最高端的型号也只有10美元。

当代单片机系统已经不再只在裸机环境下开发和使用，大量专用的嵌入式操作系统被广泛应用在全系列的单片机上。

而在作为掌上电脑和手机核心处理的高端单片机甚至可以直接使用专用的Windows和Linux操作系统。

主要阶段早期阶段SCM即单片微型计算机（Microcontrollers）阶段，主要是寻求最佳的单片形态嵌入式系统的最佳体系结构。

“创新模式”获得成功，奠定了SCM与通用计算机完全不同的发展道路。

Progress in ComputersPrestige Lecture delivered to IEE, Cambridge, on 5 February 2004Maurice WilkesComputer LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeThe first stored program computers began to work around 1950. The one we built in Cambridge, the EDSAC was first used in the summer of 1949.These early experimental computers were built by people like myself with varying backgrounds. We all had extensive experience in electronic engineering and were confident that that experience would stand us in good stead. This proved true, although we had some new things to learn. The most important of these was that transients must be treated correctly; what would cause a harmless flash on the screen of a television set could lead to a serious error in a computer.As far as computing circuits were concerned, we found ourselves with an embarass de richess. For example, we could use vacuum tube diodes for gates as we did in the EDSAC or pentodes with control signals on both grids, a system widely used elsewhere. This sort of choice persisted and the term families of logic came into use. Those who have worked in the computer field will remember TTL, ECL and CMOS. Of these, CMOS has now become dominant.In those early years, the IEE was still dominated by power engineering and w e had to fight a number of major battles in order to get radio engineering along with the rapidly developing subject of electronics.dubbed in the IEE light current electrical engineering.properly recognised as an activity in its own right. I remember that we had some difficulty in organising a conference because the power engineers’ ways of doing things were not our ways. A minor source of irritation was that all IEE published papers were expected to start with a lengthy statement of earlier practice, something difficult to do when there was no earlier practiceConsolidation in the 1960sBy the late 50s or early 1960s, the heroic pioneering stage was over and the computer field was starting up in real earnest. The number of computers in the world had increased and they were much more reliable than the very early ones . To those years we can ascribe the first steps in high level languages and the first operating systems. Experimental time-sharing was beginning, and ultimately computer graphics was to come along.Above all, transistors began to replace vacuum tubes. This change presented a formidable challenge to the engineers of the day. They had to forget what they knew about circuits and start again. It can only be said that they measured up superbly well to the challenge and that the change could not have gone more smoothly.Soon it was found possible to put more than one transistor on the same bit of silicon, and this was the beginning of integrated circuits. As time went on, a sufficient level ofintegration was reached for one chip to accommodate enough transistors for a small number of gates or flip flops. This led to a range of chips known as the 7400 series. The gates and flip flops were independent of one another and each had its own pins. They could be connected by off-chip wiring to make a computer or anything else.These chips made a new kind of computer possible. It was called a minicomputer. It was something less that a mainframe, but still very powerful, and much more affordable. Instead of having one expensive mainframe for the whole organisation, a business or a university was able to have a minicomputer for each major department.Before long minicomputers began to spread and become more powerful. The world was hungry for computing power and it had been very frustrating for industry not to be able to supply it on the scale required and at a reasonable cost. Minicomputers transformed the situation.The fall in the cost of computing did not start with the minicomputer; it had always been that way. This was what I meant when I referred in my abstract to inflation in the computer industry ‘going the other way’. As time goes on people get more for their money, not less.Research in Computer Hardware.The time that I am describing was a wonderful one for research in computer hardware. The user of the 7400 series could work at the gate and flip-flop level and yet the overall level of integration was sufficient to give a degree of reliability far above that of discreet transistors. The researcher, in a university or elsewhere, could build any digital device that a fertile imagination could conjure up. In the Computer Laboratory we built the Cambridge CAP, a full-scale minicomputer with fancy capability logic.The 7400 series was still going strong in the mid 1970s and was used for the Cambridge Ring, a pioneering wide-band local area network. Publication of the design study for the Ring came just before the announcement of the Ethernet. Until these two systems appeared, users had mostly been content with teletype-based local area networks.Rings need high reliability because, as the pulses go repeatedly round the ring, they must be continually amplified and regenerated. It was the high reliability provided by the 7400 series of chips that gave us the courage needed to embark on the project for the Cambridge Ring.The RISC Movement and Its AftermathEarly computers had simple instruction sets. As time went on designers of commercially available machines added additional features which they thought would improve performance. Few comparative measurements were done and on the whole the choice of features depended upon the designer’s intuition.In 1980, the RISC movement that was to change all this broke on the world. The movement opened with a paper by Patterson and Ditzel entitled The Case for the Reduced Instructions Set Computer.Apart from leading to a striking acronym, this title conveys little of the insights into instruction set design which went with the RISC movement, in particular the way it facilitated pipelining, a system whereby several instructions may be in different stages of execution within the processor at the same time. Pipelining was not new, but it was new for small computersThe RISC movement benefited greatly from methods which had rec ently become available for estimating the performance to be expected from a computer design without actually implementing it. I refer to the use of a powerful existing computer to simulate the new design. By the use of simulation, RISC advocates were able to predict with some confidence that a good RISC design would be able to out-perform the best conventionalcomputers using the same circuit technology. This prediction was ultimately born out in practice.Simulation made rapid progress and soon came into universal use by computer designers. In consequence, computer design has become more of a science and less of an art. Today, designers expect to have a roomful of, computers available to do their simulations, not just one. They refer to such a roomful by the attractive name of computer farm.The x86 Instruction SetLittle is now heard of pre-RISC instruction sets with one major exception, namely that of the Intel 8086 and its progeny, collectively referred to as x86. This has become the dominant instruction set and the RISC instruction sets that originally had a considerable measure of success are having to put up a hard fight for survival.This dominance of x86 disappoints people like myself who come from the research wings.both academic and industrial.of the computer field. No doubt, business considerations have a lot to do with the survival of x86, but there are other reasons as well. However much we research oriented people would like to think otherwise. high level languages have not yet eliminated the use of machine code altogether. We need to keep reminding ourselves that there is much to be said for strict binary compatibility with previous usage when that can be attained. Nevertheless, things might have been different if Intel’s major attempt to produ ce a good RISC chip had been more successful. I am referring to the i860 (not the i960, which was something different). In many ways the i860 was an excellent chip, but its software interface did not fit it to be used in a workstation.There is an interesting sting in the tail of this apparently easy triumph of the x86 instruction set. It proved impossible to match the steadily increasing speed of RISC processors by direct implementation of the x86 instruction set as had been done in the past. Instead, designers took a leaf out of the RISC book; although it is not obvious, on the surface, a modern x86 processor chip contains hidden within it a RISC-style processor with its own internal RISC coding. The incoming x86 code is, after suitable massaging, converted into this internal code and handed over to the RISC processor where the critical execution is performed.In this summing up of the RISC movement, I rely heavily on the latest edition of Hennessy and Patterson’s books on computer design as my supporting authority; see in particular Computer Architecture, third edition, 2003, pp 146, 151-4, 157-8.The IA-64 instruction set.Some time ago, Intel and Hewlett-Packard introduced the IA-64 instruction set. This was primarily intended to meet a generally recognised need for a 64 bit address space. In this, it followed the lead of the designers of the MIPS R4000 and Alpha. However one would have thought that Intel would have stressed compatibility with the x86; the puzzle is that they did the exact opposite.Moreover, built into the design of IA-64 is a feature known as predication which makes it incompatible in a major way with all other instruction sets. In particular, it needs 6 extra bits with each instruction. This upsets the traditional balance between instruction word length and information content, and it changes significantly the brief of the compiler writer.In spite of having an entirely new instruction set, Intel made the puzzling claim that chips based on IA-64 would be compatible with earlier x86 chips. It was hard to see exactly what was meant.Chips for the latest IA-64 processor, namely, the Itanium, appear to have special hardware for compatibility. Even so, x86 code runs very slowly.Because of the above complications, implementation of IA-64 requires a larger chipthan is required for more conventional instruction sets. This in turn implies a higher cost. Such at any rate, is the received wisdom, and, as a general principle, it was repeated as such by Gordon Moore when he visited Cambridge recently to open the Betty and Gordon Moore Library. I have, however, heard it said that the matter appears differently from within Intel. This I do not understand. But I am very ready to admit that I am completely out of my depth as regards the economics of the semiconductor industry.AMD have defined a 64 bit instruction set that is more compatible with x86 and they appear to be making headway with it. The chip is not a particularly large one. Some people think that this is what Intel should have done. [Since the lecture was delivered, Intel have announced that they will market a range of chips essentially compatible with those offered by AMD.]The Relentless Drive towards Smaller TransistorsThe scale of integration continued to increase. This was achieved by shrinking the original transistors so that more could be put on a chip. Moreover, the laws of physics were on the side of the manufacturers. The transistors also got faster, simply by getting smaller. It was therefore possible to have, at the same time, both high density and high speed.There was a further advantage. Chips are made on discs of silicon, known as wafers. Each wafer has on it a large number of individual chips, which are processed together and later separated. Since shrinkage makes it possible to get more chips on a wafer, the cost per chip goes down.Falling unit cost was important to the industry because, if the latest chips are cheaper to make as well as faster, there is no reason to go on offering the old ones, at least not indefinitely. There can thus be one product for the entire market.However, detailed cost calculations showed that, in order to maintain this advantage as shrinkage proceeded beyond a certain point, it would be necessary to move to larger wafers. The increase in the size of wafers was no small matter. Originally, wafers were one or two inches in diameter, and by 2000 they were as much as twelve inches. At first, it puzzled me that, when shrinkage presented so many other problems, the industry should make things harder for itself by going to larger wafers. I now see that reducing unit cost was just as important to the industry as increasing the number of transistors on a chip, and that this justified the additional investment in foundries and the increased risk.The degree of integration is measured by the feature size, which, for a given technology, is best defined as the half the distance between wires in the densest chips made in that technology. At the present time, production of 90 nm chips is still building up Suspension of LawIn March 1997, Gordon Moore was a guest speaker at the celebrations of the centenary of the discovery of the electron held at the Cavendish Laboratory. It was during the course of his lecture that I first heard the fact that you can have silicon chips that are both fast and low in cost described as a violation of Murphy’s law.or Sod’s law as it is usually called in the UK. Moore said that experience in other fields would lead you to expect to have to choose between speed and cost, or to compromise between them. In fact, in the case of silicon chips, it is possible to have both.In a reference book available on the web, Murphy is identified as an engineer working on human acceleration tests for the US Air Force in 1949. However, we were perfectly familiar with the law in my student days, when we called it by a much more prosaic name than either of those mentioned above, namely, the Law of General Cussedness. We even had a mock examination question in which the law featured. It was the type of question in which the first part asks for a definition of some law or principle and the second part contains aproblem to be solved with the aid of it. In our case the first part was to define the Law of General Cussedness and the second was the problem;A cyclist sets out on a circular cycling tour. Derive an equation giving the direction of the wind at any time.The single-chip computerAt each shrinkage the number of chips was reduced and there were fewer wires going from one chip to another. This led to an additional increment in overall speed, since the transmission of signals from one chip to another takes a long time.Eventually, shrinkage proceeded to the point at which the whole processor except for the caches could be put on one chip. This enabled a workstation to be built that out-performed the fastest minicomputer of the day, and the result was to kill the minicomputer stone dead. As we all know, this had severe consequences for the computer industry and for the people working in it.From the above time the high density CMOS silicon chip was Cock of the Roost. Shrinkage went on until millions of transistors could be put on a single chip and the speed went up in proportion.Processor designers began to experiment with new architectural features designed to give extra speed. One very successful experiment concerned methods for predicting the way program branches would go. It was a surprise to me how successful this was. It led to a significant speeding up of program execution and other forms of prediction followed Equally surprising is what it has been found possible to put on a single chip computer by way of advanced features. For example, features that had been developed for the IBM Model 91.the giant computer at the top of the System 360 range.are now to be found on microcomputersMurphy’s Law remained in a state of suspension. No longer did it make sense to build experimental computers out of chips with a small scale of integration, such as that provided by the 7400 series. People who wanted to do hardware research at the circuit level had no option but to design chips and seek for ways to get them made. For a time, this was possible, if not easyUnfortunately, there has since been a dramatic increase in the cost of making chips, mainly because of the increased cost of making masks for lithography, a photographic process used in the manufacture of chips. It has, in consequence, again become very difficult to finance the making of research chips, and this is a currently cause for some concern.The Semiconductor Road MapThe extensive research and development work underlying the above advances has been made possible by a remarkable cooperative effort on the part of the international semiconductor industry.At one time US monopoly laws would probably have made it illegal for US companies to participate in such an effort. However about 1980 significant and far reaching changes took place in the laws. The concept of pre-competitive research was introduced. Companies can now collaborate at the pre-competitive stage and later go on to develop products of their own in the regular competitive manner.The agent by which the pre-competitive research in the semi-conductor industry is managed is known as the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA). This has been active as a US organisation since 1992 and it became international in 1998. Membership is open to any organisation that can contribute to the research effort.Every two years SIA produces a new version of a document known as the International Technological Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), with an update in the intermediate years. The first volume bearing the title ‘Roadmap’ was issued in 1994 but two reports, written in1992 and distributed in 1993, are regarded as the true beginning of the series.Successive roadmaps aim at providing the best available industrial consensus on the way that the industry should move forward. They set out in great detail.over a 15 year horizon. the targets that must be achieved if the number of components on a chip is to be doubled every eighteen months.that is, if Moore’s law is to be maintained.-and if the cost per chip is to fall.In the case of some items, the way ahead is clear. In others, manufacturing problems are foreseen and solutions to them are known, although not yet fully worked out; these areas are coloured yellow in the tables. Areas for which problems are foreseen, but for which no manufacturable solutions are known, are coloured red. Red areas are referred to as Red Brick Walls.The targets set out in the Roadmaps have proved realistic as well as challenging, and the progress of the industry as a whole has followed the Roadmaps closely. This is a remarkable achievement and it may be said that the merits of cooperation and competition have been combined in an admirable manner.It is to be noted that the major strategic decisions affecting the progress of the industry have been taken at the pre-competitive level in relative openness, rather than behind closed doors. These include the progression to larger wafers.By 1995, I had begun to wonder exactly what would happen when the inevitable point was reached at which it became impossible to make transistors any smaller. My enquiries led me to visit ARPA headquarters in Washington DC, where I was given a copy of the recently produced Roadmap for 1994. This made it plain that serious problems would arise when a feature size of 100 nm was reached, an event projected to happen in 2007, with 70 nm following in 2010. The year for which the coming of 100 nm (or rather 90 nm) was projected was in later Roadmaps moved forward to 2004 and in the event the industry got there a little sooner.I presented the above information from the 1994 Roadmap, along with such other information that I could obtain, in a lecture to the IEE in London, entitled The CMOS end-point and related topics in Computing and delivered on 8 February 1996.The idea that I then had was that the end would be a direct consequence of the number of electrons available to represent a one being reduced from thousands to a few hundred. At this point statistical fluctuations would become troublesome, and thereafter the circuits would either fail to work, or if they did work would not be any faster. In fact the physical limitations that are now beginning to make themselves felt do not arise through shortage of electrons, but because the insulating layers on the chip have become so thin that leakage due to quantum mechanical tunnelling has become troublesome.There are many problems facing the chip manufacturer other than those that arise from fundamental physics, especially problems with lithography. In an update to the 2001 Roadmap published in 2002, it was stated that the continuation of progress at present rate will be at risk as we approach 2005 when the roadmap projects that progress will stall without research break-throughs in most technical areas “. This was the most specific statement about the Red Brick Wall, that had so far come from the SIA and it was a strong one. The 2003 Roadmap reinforces this statement by showing many areas marked red, indicating the existence of problems for which no manufacturable solutions are known.It is satisfactory to report that, so far, timely solutions have been found to all the problems encountered. The Roadmap is a remarkable document and, for all its frankness about the problems looming above, it radiates immense confidence. Prevailing opinion reflects that confidence and there is a general expectation that, by one means or another,shrinkage will continue, perhaps down to 45 nm or even less.However, costs will rise steeply and at an increasing rate. It is cost that will ultimately be seen as the reason for calling a halt. The exact point at which an industrial consensus is reached that the escalating costs can no longer be met will depend on the general economic climate as well as on the financial strength of the semiconductor industry itself.。

近五年单片机参考文献
近五年来，单片机技术在各个领域得到了广泛的应用和发展。

以下是一些关于单片机的参考文献：
1.《STM32F4xx微控制器编程指南》（2018年出版）：本书详细介绍了STM32F4系列微控制器的基础知识、编程方法和实际应用，对于初学者和专业人士都有很大的帮助。

2.《单片机原理与应用》（2017年出版）：本书系统地介绍了单片机的基础知识、电路结构、编程方法和应用实例，对于初学者和从事嵌入式系统开发的工程师都是一本非常好的参考书。

3.《Arduino入门与实战》（2016年出版）：本书主要介绍了Arduino开发板的基础知识、编程语言和实际应用，适合初学者入门使用。

4.《ATmega328P单片机开发指南》（2015年出版）：本书详细介绍了ATmega328P单片机的基础知识、电路结构、编程方法和实际应用，对于从事嵌入式系统开发工作的工程师非常有帮助。

5.《Cortex-M3/M4 ARM微控制器编程实战》（2014年出版）：本
书详细介绍了Cortex-M3/M4 ARM微控制器的基础知识、编程方法和实际应用，对于从事ARM微控制器开发工作的工程师非常有帮助。

总之，以上这些参考文献都是关于单片机技术的优秀著作，涵盖了单片机的基础知识、电路结构、编程方法和实际应用等方面。

对于从事嵌入式系统开发工作的工程师和初学者来说，这些书籍都是非常好的参考资料。

我国的单片机起步虽然较晚，但经过几十年的发展，也取得了巨大的成就。

不论是工业生产还是社会生活的各个方面都离不开单片机的使用。

下面是搜素整理的单片机英文参考文献的分享，以供参考。

单片机英文参考文献一： [1]Hui Wang. Optimal Design of Single Chip Microcomputer Multi-machine Serial Communication based on Signal VerificationTechnology[J]. International Journal of Intelligent Information and Management Science,2020,9（1）。

[2]Philip J. Basford,Steven J. Johnston,Colin S. Perkins,Tony Garnock-Jones,Fung Po Tso,Dimitrios Pezaros,Robert D. Mullins,Eiko Yoneki,Jeremy Singer,Simon J. Cox. Performance analysis of single board computer clusters[J]. Future Generation ComputerSystems,2020,102. [3]. Computers; Reports from University of Southampton Describe Recent Advances in Computers （Performance Analysis of Single Board Computer Clusters）[J]. Computers, Networks & Communications,2020. [4]Yunyu Cao,Jinjin Dang,Chenxu Cao. Design of Automobile Digital Tire Pressure Detector[J]. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports,2019. [5]Sudad J. Ashaj,Ergun Er?elebi. Reduce Cost Smart Power Management System by Utilize Single Board Computer Artificial Neural Networks for Smart Systems[J]. International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems,2019. [6]Hanhong Tan*, Yanfei Teng. Design of PWM Lighting brightness Control based on LAN QIAO Cup single Chip Microcomputer[J]. International Journal of Computational and Engineering,2019,4（3）。

单片机设计参考文献（一）【引言】单片机（Microcontroller Unit，MCU）设计是嵌入式系统中的重要组成部分，具有广泛的应用领域。

为了帮助开发者深入理解和掌握单片机设计的基本原理和方法，本文将介绍一些相关的参考文献，以供读者参考和借鉴。

【概述】本文所选取的单片机设计参考文献包括理论基础、电路设计、编程开发以及应用实例等方面，力求覆盖单片机设计的全面内容。

【正文】1. 理论基础1.1 《单片机原理与应用》（作者：肖明）：介绍单片机设计的基本理论知识，包括单片机的结构、工作原理、指令系统以及中断机制等。

1.2 《嵌入式系统设计：单片机设计篇》（作者：谭浩强）：深入讲解单片机设计的基本原理和方法，包括程序开发、硬件设计和软硬件协同设计等方面。

1.3 《单片机C语言编程——基于STM32》（作者：黄豆豆）：详细介绍了单片机C语言编程的基本流程和技巧，包括寄存器配置、外设驱动和中断处理等内容。

1.4 《嵌入式系统接口与实时操作系统》（作者：彭崇胜）：全面介绍嵌入式系统的接口技术和实时操作系统的原理，对于单片机设计的接口选择和实时任务调度具有重要指导意义。

1.5 《单片机原理与实践》（作者：郭大海）：通过一系列实例讲解单片机设计的实践过程，包括硬件电路设计、软件程序开发和系统调试等方面的内容。

2. 电路设计2.1 《单片机应用技术实践》（作者：梁家柱）：详细介绍单片机应用中的电路设计方法和技巧，包括外设接口设计、时钟电路设计和电源电路设计等方面。

2.2 《单片机与单片机系统设计（第二版）》（作者：钱庆邦）：系统地介绍单片机硬件设计的基本原理和方法，包括微控制器的选择、外设接口设计和信号调节电路设计等内容。

2.3 《嵌入式系统开发与单片机原理应用实验教程》（作者：王景川）：通过一系列实验来锻炼学生的电路设计和调试能力，包括数码管显示、按键输入和LED控制等实例。

2.4 《51单片机实验设计与应用》（作者：罗展浩）：通过一系列实验和应用讲解单片机的电路设计和实现，内容涵盖了数码管显示、按键输入和温度测量等方面。

单片机设计体参考文献近年来，单片机在各个领域的应用越来越广泛，其设计和开发也日益受到重视。

本文将通过参考文献的方式，介绍一些关于单片机设计的经典文献，以帮助读者更好地了解单片机设计的基础知识和最新发展。

《The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems》是一本经典的单片机设计教材，作者为Muhammad Ali Mazidi、Janice Mazidi和Rolin D. McKinlay。

该书系统介绍了8051单片机的基本原理、结构和应用，深入浅出地解释了单片机的工作原理和编程技巧。

这本书通俗易懂，适合初学者入门，也适合进阶学习者深入理解单片机设计的原理和应用。

另一本经典的单片机设计书籍是《Embedded Systems: Introduction to Arm Cortex-M Microcontrollers》。

这本书由Jonathan Valvano撰写，详细介绍了Arm Cortex-M系列微控制器的设计原理和应用。

作者结合实际案例，生动形象地展示了如何利用Arm Cortex-M微控制器设计嵌入式系统，包括硬件设计、软件开发和调试技巧。

这本书内容丰富，适合有一定单片机基础的读者深入学习。

除了书籍外，一些经典的期刊论文也对单片机设计有重要的贡献。

例如《Design and Implementation of Automatic Solar Tracking System Using Single Axis Solar Panel》这篇论文，详细介绍了利用单片机设计自动太阳能跟踪系统的原理和方法。

通过该论文，读者可以了解到单片机在太阳能应用中的设计思路和实现技巧，对于研究太阳能利用技术的读者具有重要参考价值。

还有一些开源项目和实践经验也可以作为单片机设计的参考文献。

比如《Arduino Project Handbook: 25 Practical Projects to Get You Started》这本书，介绍了25个基于Arduino单片机的实用项目，涵盖了物联网、机器人、传感器等多个领域。

[1] Intel.Microcontroller Handbook,1998[2]Inter.Software Handbook,1984[3]张毅刚.单片机原理及应用.北京：高等教育出版社，2004[4]张毅刚.MCS-51单片机应用设计.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1990[5]徐君毅等。

单片机微型计算机原理及应用。

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单片机技术参考文献单片机技术参考文献文章类型：参考文献论文参考文献本文是一篇参考文献，单片机是一种集成电路芯片，是采用超大规模集成电路技术把具有数据处理能力的中央处理器CPU、随机存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM、多种I/O口和中断系统、定时器/计数器等功能集成到一块硅片上构成的一个小而完善的微型计算机系统，在工业控制领域广泛应用。

下面是关于单片机技术参考文献69个供大家参考。

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基于单片机的出租车计费系统英文参考文献1. Wang, Y., Cui, P. (2014). Design of taxi meter based on single chip micrputer. Computer Measurement Control, 22(2), 404-406.- This paper introduces the design and implementation of a taxi meter based on a single chip micrputer. The system includes real-time clock, GPS and GSM modules, and uses the embedded C language for programming. The taxi meter is designed to accurately calculate the fare based on distance and time, and also includes features such as automatic fare adjustment based on traffic conditions and support for multiple payment methods.2. Feng, L., Chen, S. (2015). Research and implementation of taxi meter system based on single-chip micrputer. Micrputer Information, 31(5), 104-106.- This paper presents the research and implementation of a taxi meter system based on a single-chip micrputer. The system uses the AT89C51 microcontroller as the core, and integrates various sensors and modules such as GPS, GSM, and RFID. The system is able to accurately calculate taxi fares, provide real-time positioning andmunication, and support remotemonitoring and management.3. Li, H., Liu, J. (2016). Design and implementation of intelligent taxi meter based on single-chip micrputer. Microcontrollers Embedded Systems, 32(8), 212-214.- This paper discusses the design and implementation of an intelligent taxi meter based on a single-chip micrputer. The system uses the STM32 microcontroller, and integrates various technologies such as GPS, GPRS, and Bluetooth. The system is able to accurately calculate fares, provide real-time positioning andmunication, support wireless payment, and has features such as automatic route optimization and intelligent dispatching.4. Zhu, Q., Zhang, M. (2017). Development of taxi meter system based on single-chip micrputer. Electronic Technology, 28(6), 107-109.- This paper describes the development of a taxi meter system based on a single-chip micrputer. The system uses the PIC microcontroller as the core, and integrates various sensors and modules such as GPS and GSM. The system is able to accurately calculate taxi fares, provide real-time positioning andmunication, and supports features such as voice broadcast of fares andautomatic recording of operation data.5. Jiang, L., Wang, Z. (2018). Design and implementation of taxi meter system based on single-chip micrputer. Modern Electronics, 35(4), 123-125.- This paper presents the design and implementation of a taxi meter system based on a single-chip micrputer. The system uses the ARM microcontroller, and integrates various technologies such as GPS, 4G, and NFC. The system is able to accurately calculate fares, provide real-time positioning andmunication, support mobile payment and electronic billing, and has features such as intelligent data analysis and feedback for improving service quality.6. Yang, K., Hu, W. (2019). Research and development of taxi meter system based on single-chip micrputer. Information Technology, 41(3), 87-89.- This paper investigates the research and development of a taxi meter system based on a single-chip micrputer. The system uses the MSP430 microcontroller, and integrates various sensors and modules such as GPS and Bluetooth. The system is able to accurately calculate taxi fares, provide real-time positioning andmunication, and supports features such as dataencryption and securemunication for protecting passenger privacy.。

单片机温湿度控制论文英文文献(基于_C8051F)摘要在工业生产中，温度和湿度是常见的主要操作参数，特别是在热处理行业中，温度控制变得越来越重要。

本文即从硬件和软件这两方面介绍单片机（SCM）C8051F单片机智能温湿度控制硬件的系统，并描述示意图和软件。

该设计增加了二氧化碳的整合浓度和光强度检测和必要通信功能。

这是一个更人性化，更实用智能温湿度测量。

关键字：C8051F单片机，温度和相对环境控制; C02 浓度测量;传感器; GSM1、介绍在许多环境因素的影响，温度和湿度的因素是最重要的和最难以控逆变环境因素。

在一些工业方面，对于生产某些特殊环境要求。

此外，近年来，能源和环境问题成为人们关注的热门话题，所以节能和环保保护的想法为这个设计开辟了新的观点。

本文介绍了温度的设计湿度测量系统基于单片机，并增加了C02浓度的检测功能以及强度照明，智能人机通信功能使得该系统具有一定的人性化。

通过改变参数，将其设置为适用于一般的工业生产环境的监测。

设计更加智能化，并通过微控制器和管理人员之间的沟通，更多灵活控制，更实用和更广泛应用领域。

2、整体设计建议这样的设计主要是针对智能监控工业生产环境温度和湿度，二氧化碳浓度，光照强度以及参与其他一般环境因素。

该系统可以直接实现全自动控制，管理者也可以通过GSM通信调整控制方案模块。

其中，主机采用单片机来控制控制器的命令来完成以下工作：数据采集和测试，可以通过操作员机器接口（键盘和显示器）到实现参数设定，显示和手动介入，以及其他功能。

当参数超限或意外情况（以频率为例）出现该系统应该立即自动报警，并与经理及时以解决沟通的问题。

基于单片机的整个系统，包括数据收集和测试模块，键盘输入和显示模块，GSM和报警模块。

数据采集，检测治疗可以完成收集和放大在生产各种环境模拟参数车间，其结果将反馈到单片机，其中数据来实现的AID皈依，存储和分析，并确定是否超出设定范围所收集的数据如果它是超越，什么控制方案，然后与发送短信，及时传达给管理者。

单片机英文参考文献篇一：5-单片机+外文文献+英文文献+外文翻译中英对照AT89C51的介绍（原文出处：http：///resource/）描述AT89C51是一个低电压，高性能CMOS8位单片机带有4K字节的可反复擦写的程序存储器（PENROM）。

和128字节的存取数据存储器（RAM），这种器件采用ATMEL公司的高密度、不容易丢失存储技术生产，并且能够与MCS-51系列的单片机兼容。

片内含有8位中央处理器和闪烁存储单元，有较强的功能的AT89C51单片机能够被应用到控制领域中。

功能特性AT89C51提供以下的功能标准：4K字节闪烁存储器，128字节随机存取数据存储器，32个I/O口，2个16位定时/计数器，1个5向量两级中断结构，1个串行通信口，片内震荡器和时钟电路。

另外，AT89C51还可以进行0HZ的静态逻辑操作，并支持两种软件的节电模式。

闲散方式停止中央处理器的工作，能够允许随机存取数据存储器、定时/计数器、串行通信口及中断系统继续工作。

掉电方式保存随机存取数据存储器中的内容，但震荡器停止工作并禁止其它所有部件的工作直到下一个复位。

引脚描述VCC：电源电压 GND：地 P0口：P0口是一组8位漏极开路双向I/O口，即地址/数据总线复用口。

作为输出口时，每一个管脚都能够驱动8个TTL电路。

当“1”被写入P0口时，每个管脚都能够作为高阻抗输入端。

P0口还能够在访问外部数据存储器或程序存储器时，转换地址和数据总线复用，并在这时激活内部的上拉电阻。

P0口在闪烁编程时，P0口接收指令，在程序校验时，输出指令，需要接电阻。

沈阳航空工业学院电子工程系毕业设计（外文翻译）P1口：P1口一个带内部上拉电阻的8位双向I/O口，P1的输出缓冲级可驱动4个TTL电路。

对端口写“1”，通过内部的电阻把端口拉到高电平，此时可作为输入口。

因为内部有电阻，某个引脚被外部信号拉低时输出一个电流。

闪烁编程时和程序校验时，P1口接收低8位地址。

单片机课设参考文献2019针对单片机课设参考文献，2019年有许多优秀的文献可以作为参考。

以下是一些可能对你有帮助的文献：1. "Design of Single Chip Microcomputer Experiment Courseware Based on STM32"，作者，Yan Li，发表于2019年的《International Journal of Engineering & Technology》。

该文献介绍了基于STM32的单片机实验课程软件的设计，对于单片机课设可能提供了一些有用的思路和方法。

2. "Application of Single Chip Microcomputer in the Design of Intelligent Home Control System"，作者，Liang Zhang，发表于2019年的《Journal of Physics: Conference Series》。

该文献探讨了单片机在智能家居控制系统设计中的应用，对于单片机课设的实际应用具有一定的参考价值。

3. "Research on the Application of Single Chip Microcomputer in Intelligent Traffic Light Control System"，作者，Xiao Wang，发表于2019年的《IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering》。

该文献研究了单片机在智能交通灯控制系统中的应用，可能对于单片机课设中涉及到交通信号灯控制的项目有所帮助。

以上文献仅仅是2019年的部分文献，希望对你有所帮助。

当然，在进行课设时，你也可以查阅更多相关的文献，以获取更全面的信息和灵感。

祝你在单片机课设中取得成功！。