第二章课后翻译
Preparation of cyclopropane 1,1- dicarboxylic acid环丙烷1,1-二甲酸的制备(1). To a 1-L solution of aqueous 50% sodium hydroxide(Note 1), mechanically stirred in a 2-L, three-necked flask, was added, at 25°C, 114.0 g (0.5 mol) of triethylbenzylammonium chloride（TEBA三乙基苄基氯化铵）(Note 2).1L的50%氢氧化钠加入到2L的三口烧瓶中，加入TEBA三乙基苄基氯化铵114.0g（0.5mol）在25℃机械搅拌。
To this vigorously stirred suspension was added a mixture of 80.0 g (0.5 mol) of diethyl malonate and 141.0 g (0.75 mol) of 1,2-dibromoethane all at once.充分搅拌至混悬状，一次性加入丙二酸二乙酯80.0g（0.5mol）和1,2-二溴乙烷141.0个（0.75mol）的混合物。
The reaction mixture was vigorously stirred for 2 hr (Note 3).反应混合物强烈搅拌2小时。
The contents of the flask were transferred to a 4-L Erlenmeyer flask by rinsing the flask with three 75-mL portions of water.把烧瓶中的物质转移到4L的锥形瓶中，并用75ml清水洗涤烧瓶三次。
The mixture was magnetically stirred by dropwise addition of 1 L of concentrated hydrochloric acid.混合物在磁力搅拌下缓慢滴加浓盐酸。
The temperature of the flask was maintained between 15 and 25°C during acidification. 在酸化过程中烧瓶内的温度保持在15-25℃之间。
The aqueous layer was poured into a 4-L separatory funnel and extracted three times with 900 mL of ether.反应物的水层在4L的分液漏斗中用900ml乙醚分三次萃取。
The aqueous layer was saturated with sodium chloride and extracted three times with 500 mL of ether.水层用氯化钠饱和，并且用500ml乙醚分三次萃取。
The ether layers were combined, washed with 1 L of brine, dried (MgSO4), and decolorized with activated carbon.合并乙醚液，用浓盐水洗涤，干燥，用活性炭脱色。
Removal of the solvent by rotary evaporation gave 55.2 g of a semisolid residue.用旋转蒸发器出去溶剂得55.2g的半固体。
The residue was triturateed with 100 mL of benzene.残渣用100ml苯磨碎。
Filtration of this mixture gave 43.1–47.9 g (66–73%) of 1 as white crystals, mp 137–140°C.过滤的混合物为43.1-47.9g(66–73%)白色晶体熔点137–140°C
Preparation of mesitaldehyde (2,4,6- trimethyl benzaldehyde) 2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醛的制备
A solution of 72 g. (0.60 mole) of mesitylene in 375 ml. of dry methylene chloride is placed in a 1-l. three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a stirrer, and a dropping funnel. 72g （0.60mol）的1,3,5-三甲基苯和无水的二氯甲烷放入配有冷凝回流、搅拌和滴液漏斗装置的三口烧瓶中。
The solution is cooled in an ice bath, and 190 g. (110 ml., 1.0 mole) of titanium tetrachloride is added over a period of 3 minutes. 在冰浴的条件下，在三分钟内滴加190g （110ml，1.0mol）的四氯化钛。
While the solution is stirred and cooled, 57.5 g. (0.5 mole) of dichloromethyl methyl ether 2 is added dropwise over a 25-minute period.之后再冰浴和搅拌下，在25分钟内滴加57.5g（0.5mol）滴加二氯甲基甲醚。
The reaction begins (as indicated by evolution of hydrogen chloride) when the first drop of chloro ether is added. 当开始滴加氯代醚，则反应开始（有氯化氢放出）After the addition is complete, the mixture is stirred for 5 minutes in the ice bath, for 30 minutes without cooling, and for 15 minutes at 35°.在滴加完成后，混合物在冰浴下搅拌5分钟，移开冰浴反应30分钟，再在35℃下反应15分钟。
Th e reaction mixture is poured into a separatory funnel containing about 0.5 kg. of crushed ice and is shaken thoroughly.反应混合物移入分液漏斗，并加0.5kg的碎冰，充分振摇。
The organic layer is separated, and the aqueous solution is extracted with two 50- ml. portions of
methylene chloride.弃去有机层，水层再用50ml的二氯甲烷分两次萃取。
The combined organic solution is washed three times with 75-ml. portions of water.合并萃取液，用75ml水分三次洗涤。
A crystal of hydroquinone is added to the methylene chloride solution (Note 1) which is then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. 对二苯酚晶体加入到二氯甲烷溶液中，在加入无水硫酸钠干燥。
After evaporation of the solvent, the residue is distilled to give the crude product, b.p. 68–74° (0.9 mm.).蒸去溶剂便得到粗品沸点68-74℃（0.9mm）After redistillation there is obtained 60–66 g. (81–89%) of mesitaldehyde; b.p. 113–115° (11 mm.), n20D 1.5538.重蒸馏得到60-66g（81-89%）的2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醛沸点113-115℃（11mm）。
