上外考研翻硕英语基础长难句英译汉翻译整理

上海外国语大学英语翻硕考研备考-译文赏析An old friend used to say to me,“When you are thinking of taking a new house,go and see it on a dismal day.If you like it then,you need not doubt about liking it in fine weather.”We all enjoy the sun.The sun is the source of heat and life to the earth.Yet people are still to be found who deliberately shut out the sun from their rooms,and are unmindful of the Italian saying that where the sun does not go the doctor does.A succession of dull days damps down the spirits.In this country,especially,we know the value of“facing south”.译文：曾经，有位老友对我说：“若想要买新房，就应该选择阴天去看房。

如果阴天的时候都喜欢，天晴时必定合你心意。

”我们都爱享受阳光。

太阳是地球热量和生命的源泉。

然而，仍然能发现一些人故意将阳光拒之门外，对意大利“太阳不到，医生到”的谚语不屑一顾。

连续数日的阴天会让人情绪低落。

尤其在我们的国家，大家更懂得“朝南”的价值。

点评：Italian saying that where the sun does not go the doctor does.一句非常精彩，其中的where the sun does not go the doctor does是一句意大利的俗话，因此翻译时，便应该考虑措辞之简洁上口。

一、翻译硕士英语（211）1.选择题（20*1')考单词为主，后面有几道语法。

单词以专八词汇为主，少量的gre词汇。

2.阅读（20*1'）四篇阅读，个人觉得很简单，文章很短，只有一面的长度吧，用专八阅读练习足够了。

3.改错（10*1'）比专八改错简单、前几年考的是修辞和英美文化常识、或古希腊神话典故。

4.作文（50分，500字）谈谈你对happiness的定义。

二、英语翻译基础（357）1.英译汉（75分）该部分选取的是卢梭的《爱弥儿》（Emile, or On Education）部分文章，主要选自《爱弥儿》第三卷第一节。

全文1000多字，共11段，但题目只要求翻译划线部分，总计翻译872字，共6段。

完整原文如下：The whole course of man's life up to adolescence is a period of weakness; yet there comes a time during these early years when the child's strength overtakes the demands upon it, when the growing creature, though absolutely weak, is relatively strong. His needs are not fully developed and his present strength is more than enough for them. He would be a very feeble man, but he is a strong child.What is the cause of man's weakness? It is to be found in the disproportion between his strength and his desires. It is our passions that make us weak, for our natural strength is not enough for their satisfaction. To limit our desires comes to the same thing, therefore, as to increase our strength. When we can do more than we want, we have strength enough and to spare, we are really strong. This is the third stage of childhood, the stage with which I am about to deal. I still speak of childhood for want of a better word; for our scholar is approaching adolescence, though he has not yet reached the age of puberty.About twelve or thirteen the child's strength increases far more rapidly than his needs. The strongest and fiercest of the passions is still unknown, his physical development is still imperfect and seems to await the call of the will. He is scarcely aware of extremes of heat and cold and braves them with impunity. He needs no coat, his blood is warm; no spices, hunger is his sauce, no food comes amiss at this age; if he is sleepy he stretches himself on the ground and goes to sleep; he finds all he needs within his reach; he is not tormented by any imaginary wants; he cares nothing what others think; his desires are not beyond his grasp; not only is he self-sufficing, but for the first and last time in his life he has more strength than he needs.I know beforehand what you will say. You will not assert that the child has more needs than I attribute to him, but you will deny his strength. You forget that I am speaking of my own pupil, not of those puppets who walk with difficulty from one room to another, who toil indoors and carry bundles of paper. Manly strength, you say, appears only with manhood; the vital spirits, distilled in their proper vessels and spreading through the whole body, can alone make the muscles firm, sensitive, tense, and springy, can alone cause real strength. This is the philosophy of the study;I appeal to that of experience. In the country districts, I see big lads hoeing, digging, guiding the plough, filling the wine-cask, driving the cart, like their fathers; you would take them for grown men if their voices did not betray them. Even in our towns, iron-workers', tool makers', and blacksmiths' lads are almost as strong as their masters and would be scarcely less skilful had their training begun earlier. If there is a difference, and I do not deny that there is, it is, I repeat, much less than the difference between the stormy passions of the man and the few wants of the child. Moreover, it is not merely a question of bodily strength, but more especially of strength of mind, which reinforces and directs the bodily strength.This interval in which the strength of the individual is in excess of his wants is, as I have said, relatively though not absolutely the time of greatest strength. It is the most precious time in his life; it comes but once; it is very short, all too short, as you will see when you consider the importance of using it aright.He has, therefore, a surplus of strength and capacity which he will never have again. What use shall he make of it? He will strive to use it in tasks which will help at need. He will, so to speak, cast his present surplus into the storehouse of the future; the vigorous child will make provision for the feeble man; but he will not store his goods where thieves may break in, nor in barns which are not his own. To store them aright, they must be in the hands and the head, they must be stored within himself. This is the time for work, instruction, and inquiry. And note that this is no arbitrary choice of mine, it is the way of nature herself.Human intelligence is finite, and not only can no man know everything, he cannot even acquire all the scanty knowledge of others. Since the contrary of every false proposition is a truth, there are as many truths as falsehoods. We must, therefore, choose what to teach as well as when to teach it. Some of the information within our reach is false, some is useless, some merely serves to puff up its possessor. The small store which really contributes to our welfare alone deserves the study of a wise man, and therefore of a child whom one would have wise. He must know not merely what is, but what is useful.From this small stock we must also deduct those truths which require a full grown mind for their understanding, those which suppose a knowledge of man's relations to his fellow-men--a knowledge which no child can acquire; these things, although in themselves true, lead an inexperienced mind into mistakes with regard to other matters.We are now confined to a circle, small indeed compared with the whole of human thought, but this circle is still a vast sphere when measured by the child's mind. Dark places of the human understanding, what rash hand shall dare to raise your veil? What pitfalls does our so-called science prepare for the miserable child. Would you guide him along this dangerous path and draw the veil from the face of nature? Stay your hand. First make sure that neither he nor you will become dizzy. Beware of the specious charms of error and the intoxicating fumes of pride. Keep this truth ever before you--Ignorance never did any one any harm, error alone is fatal, and we do not lose our way through ignorance but through self-confidence.His progress in geometry may serve as a test and a true measure of the growth of his intelligence, but as soon as he can distinguish between what is useful and what is useless, much skill and discretion are required to lead him towards theoretical studies. For example, would you have him find a mean proportional between two lines, contrive that he should require to find a square equal to a given rectangle; if two mean proportionals are required, you must first contrive to interest him in the doubling of the cube. See how we are gradually approaching the moral ideas which distinguish between good and evil. Hitherto we have known no law but necessity, now we are considering what is useful; we shall soon come to what is fitting and right.Man's diverse powers are stirred by the same instinct. The bodily activity, which seeks an outlet for its energies, is succeeded by the mental activity which seeks for knowledge. Children are first restless, then curious; and this curiosity, rightly directed, is the means of development for the age with which we are dealing. Always distinguish between natural and acquired tendencies. There is a zeal for learning which has no other foundation than a wish to appear learned, and there is another which springs from man's natural curiosity about all things far or near which may affect himself. The innate desire for comfort and the impossibility of its complete satisfaction impel him to the endless search for fresh means of contributing to its satisfaction. This is the first principle of curiosity;a principle natural to the human heart, though its growth is proportional to the development of our feeling and knowledge. If a man of science were left on a desert island with his books and instruments and knowing that he must spend the rest of his life there, he would scarcely trouble himself about the solar system, the laws of attraction, or the differential calculus. He might never even open a book again; but he would never rest till he had explored the furthest corner of his island, however large it might be. Let us therefore omit from our early studies such knowledge as has no natural attraction for us, and confine ourselves to such things as instinct impels us to study.2.汉译英（75分）2016年11月5日，上海外国语大学首届“中国学的国际对话：方法与体系”国际研讨会在虹口校区高翻学院同传室拉开帷幕，本次学术研讨会由上外主办，中国学研究所协同国际关系与公共事务学院、高级翻译学院联合承办，欧盟研究中心、俄罗斯研究中心、英国研究中心、中日韩合作研究中心以及马克思主义学院共同参与。

上外考研翻硕MTI翻译必备英汉词汇互译之八高难度动作stunner, stunt高清晰度high definition高清晰度电视high definition TV高手master hand, expert(精通电脑和网络的)高手geek高危人群high-risk group高消费high consumption高效节能energy-efficient高校扩招后首批毕业生college graduates who were the first to be enrolled under the college expansion of 1999高校扩招计划college expansion plan告小状secretly report on somebody; rat on somebody高新技术产业开发区high-tech industrial development zone高新技术产业化industrial application of new and high technologies 高压手段high-pressure tactics高原反应,高山反应altitude stress; altitude sickness高知high-level intellectual高指标high target高职院校higher vocational school (China's higher vocational schools enroll more than 3 million students annually-- China currently has about1,184 schools of higher vocational education, which enroll more than 3.1 million students annually, Vice Minister of Education Lu Xin said. 中国高职院校每年招收300多万学生——教育部副部长鲁昕说，中国目前有约1184所高职教育机构，每年招收学生310多万。

上外考研英专英译汉名言名语翻译分享Learn to walk before you run.循序渐进。

Knowing something of everything, and everything of something. 通百艺而专一长。

From words to deeds is a great space.言行之间，大有距离。

Skill and confidence are an unconquered army.技能和信心是无敌的军队。

Habit is a second nature.习惯成自然。

Lifeless, faultless.只有死人才不会犯错误。

A book is the same today as it always was and it will never change. 好书千载常如新。

Books, like friends, should be few and well chosen.读书如择友，宜少且宜精。

A book that remains shut is but a block.书本不常翻，犹如一块砖。

It's not the gay coat that makes the gentleman.君子在德不在衣。

Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。

Birth is much, but breeding is more.出身重要，教养更重要。

Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.世上无难事，只怕有心人。

You can't make something out of nothing.巧妇难为无米之炊。

Nothing venture, nothing have.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

Nothing for nothing.不费力气，一无所得。

Of nothing comes nothing.无中不能生有。

上海外国语大学英语翻硕考研备考-译文赏析Wherever you are,and whoever you may be,there is one thing in which you and I are just alike at this moment,and in all the moments of our existence.We are not at rest;we are on a journey. Our life is a moment,a tendency,a steady,ceaseless progress towards an unseen goal.We are gaining something,or losing something,everyday.Even when our position and our character seem to remain precisely the same,they are changing.For the mere advance of time is a change.It is not the same thing to have a bare field in January and in July.The season makes the difference.The limitations that are childlike in the child are childish in the man.译文：无论你是谁，无你身处何方，此时此刻，你我有一个共同点，一个永远伴随你我的共同点。

那就是，我们并不安闲，我们都身在旅途。

我们的人生是一场运动，一个趋势，一段坚定不移、无止无休地朝一个未知目标努力的过程。

每天，我们都有所得，也有所失。

即使我们的位置和品行看似与原来无异，但它们实际正在改变。

时间的推移本身就是一种改变。

上外考研翻硕MTI翻译必备英汉词汇互译之六多任务小卫星small multi-mission satellite (SMMS)多头市场bull market多头账户long account多头执法duplicate law enforcement多退少补refund for any overpayment or a supplemental payment for any deficiency多元化pluralism多元社会pluralistic society多元文化社会multi-cultural society多种经济成分diverse sectors of the economy多种经营diversified economy多边贸易multilateral trade多予少取放活政策the policy of giving more, taking less and loosening control多种所有制经济共同发展allow diverse forms of ownership to develop side by side杜莎夫人蜡像馆Madame Tussauds渎职dereliction of dutyE厄尔尼诺现象El Nino phenomenon恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation恶性循环vicious circle鳄鱼的眼泪crocodile tears恶作剧mischief; leg-pull伤痕文学scar literature; the literature of the wounded恶搞spoof恩格尔系数Engel's coefficient--the proportion of expense on food to the consumption expense二把手second in command二百五a stupid person二板市场growth enterprise board; second board market; hi-tech board 二传手second transmitter二次创业start a new undertaking二次加工能力the capacity to reprocess二次能源secondary energy sources; second energy二次污染secondary pollution二道贩子two-way merchants二级市场secondary market二进宫"to enter the palace a second time (people with a past criminal record again commits a crime, and is convicted and put into a correctional institution)"2008夏季奥运会2008 summer Olympics二流选手"scrub, second-rater"(把…当成)耳旁风Like water off (on) a duck's back二手房second-hand house儿童不宜片X-rated movie; R-rated film (violence and adult content) 儿童心理学kidology二元经济dual economy二恶英dioxin (Irish officials confirmed Tuesday that cattle at 3 farms which ate tainted food have tested positive for dioxin - thecancer-causing chemical that has contaminated its pork industry. 爱尔兰政府官员周二表示，该国3家养牛场的牛体内同样含有致癌化学物质二恶英，原因是牛食用了受污染的饲料。

上外考研翻硕MTI翻译必备英汉词汇互译之二餐桌转盘Lazy Susan残奥会Paralympic Games仓储式超市stockroom-style supermarket藏书票book labels identifying a collector (or collection)舱外航天服extra vehicular activity suits (Chinese only spent 4 years in developing its own EV A (extra vehicular activity) suits. Putting on the suit will take about 14 hours. 我国用4年时间研制出了自己的舱外航天服。

航天服的拆包、组装、测试、穿着，整个过程要持续14个小时。

)参照国际通行做法follow standard international practices操办make arrangements草根工业grass root industry (refers to village and township enterprises which take root among farmers and grow like wold grass)草药herbal medicine操纵比赛game-rigging (The Ministry of Public Security set up a special task force to investigate alleged game-rigging in September 2006, when rumors of under-table deals and fixing ran rife. 2006年9月，有关幕后交易和非法操纵的流言四起，为此公安部设立了一支特别工作组，负责调查此事。

)操纵股票市场manipulate the stock market操作系统operating system侧记sidelights层层转包和违法分包multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting 茶道sado差额拨款balance allocation差额投票differentail voting差额选举competitive election查房make/go the rounds of the wards查封close down插杠子poke one's nose into someone's businesses茶话会tea forum; tea party插件plug-in unit茶艺tea ceremony插嘴interrupt; chip in拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul差旅费expenses for business trips拆迁补偿费compensation for demolition拆迁费用removal expense拆迁户households or units relocated due to building demolition拆台let someone down; cut the ground from under someone's feet禅dhyana产假maternity leave产粮大省granary province产品更新换代upgrade of products产品构成product composition产品积压overstocked products; accumulation of inventories; stock pile; excessive inventory产品结构product mix产品科技含量technological element of a product产品生命周期分析LCA (Life Cycle Analysis)产权划转和产权变动the transfer of and changes in property rights of enterprises产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理"clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration, and scientific management "产权制度、产权关系property relations; property order产权转让transference of title of property搀水股票water-down stocks -- ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower than their face value产销两旺both production and marketing thrive产销直接挂钩directly link production with marketing产业不景气industrial depression产业的升级换代upgrading of industies产业结构升级upgrading of an industrial structure产业升级upgrade industries产业政策industrial policy掺杂兑假mix in fake or inferior components唱对台戏put on a rival show长二捆LM-2E偿付能力solvency唱高调mouth high-sounding words常规裁军conventional disarmament常规武器conventional weapon长江后浪推前浪, 一代更比一代强As in the Yangtze River, the waves behind ride on the ones before: The new generation excels the old. 长江三峡和黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程the key water projects at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River and at Xiaolangdi on the Yellow River长江三角洲Yangtze River delta长江中下游the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River唱名表决roll-call vote场内交易人floor trader长跑a long-distance running敞蓬轿车open-topped limousine长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共"long-term coexistence,mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe "长期国债long-term government bonds常设国际法庭permanent international tribunal唱双簧play a duet----collaborate; echo each other畅通工程Smooth Traffic Project长途电话long-distance calls场外证券市场over-the-counter market常委会standing committee常务董事managing director; executive director常务理事executive member of the council长线产品product in excessive supply畅销货best selling lines (All these articles are best selling lines. 所有这些产品都是我们的畅销货。

上外英语翻硕MTI初试备考经验-整理转载分享总：关于考试的内容。

前一年我只是不停的夯实英语基础，关于题型考试范围根本没有在意，因为第一年我打定了主意不考。

在这漫长的第一年里，我先后看过的书有很多。

翻译：翻译用的是庄绎传的翻译教程，这本书很磨人，我以很慢但很坚定的速度在今年9月完完整整的看完翻译完，每天量都不大，但是坚持每天翻译；坚持背完了《高考必备》这本书，一天4页，因为我崇拜钱钟书，钱钟书就曾背过牛津字典，我不是钱钟书，背不了牛津字典，但也用毅力背完了《高考必备》（人与人之间确实有差距，我们要正确认识差距而不是回避，然后给自己正确定位），单词我在这时已经背完了考研单词和几遍gre，所以重点背了短语，这本书最后只记住了30%左右。

然后一直到今年考试都是用温总理答记者问的内容和ZF工作报告练习翻译，我想说，这样练习效果真的很好。

庄绎传的书自我感觉还不如ZF工作报告，因为书上的有文学有历史，其遣词造句都不如ZF工作报告和答记者问上的翻译们的措词简练、实用。

上外偏重政经，因此，此为不可或缺的一环。

练完之后，我感觉自己的翻译能力真真正正提升了一个境界。

基英：众所周知，上外基础英语分三大部分，完形、阅读和作文。

完形方面，我一开始看别人的经验帖用二级笔译，只有这本书上有这个没有选项的完形这种题型，后来经过与真题对比，我知道上面的出题风格和范围与上外并不相符，于是辗转买到一个上外毕业从事教育培训的出的模拟题，我买了翻硕英语和翻译基础一共12套题，考试之前认认真真的练习，每次做完完形跟阅读我都把文章里的每一个语言点弄明白。

从一开始错误很多，到后来逐渐改善，我感觉到自己的实力真的在慢慢提升，虽然不知道能不能考上，因为对没有接触过上外的我而言，一切都是那么不真实，我不清楚上外的实力和难度。

但是我感到心安理得，我努力过，虽然出来的结果并不好，但也不后悔。

在这个过程中，很是消磨人的意志。

可能有的人一开始做题就顺风顺水，错误甚少；可是我并不是这样的人，从开始就错误百出，可以想象，一个完形里15个空，8、9个错误是多么得让人不愿去接受，可是我很坚毅，一直坚持了下来，到最后将错误控制在5个以内了，不论是做二级题还是模拟题亦或真题；这一点跟最初背诵GRE单词相似，可以想象，10个单词里面9个不认识，还要每天坚持背诵是多么让人崩溃，可是我就是因为知道自己没有资质，所以才痛下苦功，坚持背了1年半，7、8遍。

上外考研翻硕MTI翻译必备英汉词汇互译之十国有资产流失loss of state-owned assets国债贴息贷款T-bond discount loans国债投资treasury bond investment国债专项资金special fund for treasury bond国债资金重点项目责任制the responsibility system for key projects funded by treasury bonds果子狸civet cat过渡期transitional period国家发展计划委员会the State Development Planning Commission 国家计划和财政政策、货币政策等相互配合的宏观调控体系the macro-economic regulation system by integrating State planning with fiscal and monetary policies国家审判权the judicial authority of the State《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》Master State Plan for Rapid Response to Public Emergencies国际部队international forces国际多边金融机构international multilateral financial institution国际关系民主化practice democracy in international relations国际禁毒日International Day against Drug Abuse (People around the world hold rally marking the International Day against Drug Abuse.)国际社会international community国民素质the populace's cultivation国情national conditions过期食品expired food, out-of-date food (The Japanese, who always pay attention to food safety, have lowered their requirements amid the economic woes, the United Morning Post reported. A survey shows that 83% Japanese think it's ok to buy out-of-date food as long as they don't make people fall ill. 据新加坡《联合早报》报道，向来重视食品安全的日本人，随着经济不景气而口味大降。

上海外国语大学考研翻硕MTI英汉短语必备之二和平解决台湾问题peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question和平演变peaceful evolution和气生财Harmony brings wealth贺岁片New Year's Film合同医院contract clinic核武器数量Nuclear Arsenal Size核销cancel after verification核心家庭nuclear family核心竞争力core competitiveness合业经营combined operation/ management合议庭collegiate bench合作演员co-star (The 20-year-old actress - who plays a teenage rocker in 'Bandslam' - has revealed she and her co-stars practised before their scenes by using a Nintendo Wii interactive games console. 这位在电影《乐团狂飙》中扮演摇滚少女的20岁女演员透露，她在开拍前曾经和她的合作演员用任天堂Wii互动游戏机一起演练过。

)合格的境内机构投资者qualified domestic institutional investor (QDII) 合格的境外机构投资者qualified foreign institutional investors (QFII) 合乎国情，顺乎民意to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people黑帮mafia gangs (China's Ministry of Culture has banned websites featuring or publicizing online games which glamorize mafia gangs. 中国文化部发布通知要求各地立即查处运营或宣传"黑帮"主题网络游戏的网站。