外贸英语口语900句：什么是“注意力经济”

《商务英语口语900句》Unit1希望与要求（精选5篇）第一篇：《商务英语口语900句》Unit 1希望与要求《商务英语口语900句》Unit 1:希望与要求Part11.We'd like to express our desire to establish business relationship with you on the basis of quality, mutually benefit and exchange of needed goods.我们希望在保证质量、互惠互利以及交易彼此需要的货物的基础上和你们建立业务关系。

2.In order to extend our export business to your country we wish to enter direct business relations with you.为了扩大我们在贵国的出口业务，我们希望和你们建立直接贸易关系。

3.Our hope is to establish mutually beneficial trading relations between us.希望在我们之间能够建立互惠互利的贸易关系。

4.We looking forward to further extensions of pleasant business relations.我们期待进一步保持愉快的业务关系。

5.It’s our hope to continue with considerable business dealing with you.我们的希望是和你们保持可观的生意往来。

6.We looking forward to receiving your quotation very soon.我们期待尽快收到你们的报价单。

7.I hope you see from the reduction that we are really doing our utmost.我希望你能够看到我们事实上已经作出了最大程度的让价。

商务英语考试词汇「」商务英语考试词汇「集锦」导语：在商业贸易中，有些单词是从业人员必须要掌握的。

在商务英语考试中，有些单词也是必考词汇。

小编帮助大家整理所有商务英语考试词汇大全，欢迎大家阅读参考!economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分常用商务英语词汇推荐：People's Bank of China 中国人银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund 欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington 美国进出口银行商务英语高频词汇与解析：1. abandon rate 挂断率(衡量客户服务质量的指标之一，计算方式为：拨入客户服务中心的电话总数中客户因等候时间过长而挂断的电话数目占总数的百分比)例句：By choosing the right on-hold music , the company has reduced abandon rate by 50%. 通过选择合适的等待乐曲，该公司电话挂断率下降了50%。

注意力经济名词解释一、什么是注意力经济？1、什么是注意力经济，就是用户会主动付费购买“注意力”，不再是单向输出。

要实现注意力经济，就要有大量优质的、能够吸引消费者眼球的内容，当然如果这些内容能给用户带来愉悦感，甚至产生情感共鸣的话，更是锦上添花。

比如说，淘宝直播的小姐姐们不就是因为颜值高而走红了吗？2、为什么是注意力经济？所谓注意力经济，并非什么新名词，其实是老生常谈。

我们看一下注意力的消费，就明白了：每天看电视的时间少则3小时，多则6小时；玩游戏的时间至少在10小时以上；上网看视频的时间在2小时以上，所以平均算下来，每天人们的注意力被消耗的也是相当大的。

3、为什么是注意力经济？注意力是有限的，是稀缺资源，特别是随着技术进步、网速提升和大数据普及，未来网络上可供消费的“注意力”将越来越多，这才是注意力经济真正火爆的原因。

还有一个原因，就是注意力经济能激发人们的创造力，让创新成为现实，从而诞生一批又一批的千万富翁和亿万富豪。

比如，美国知名电子商务网站Zappos上市之后，大股东之一的亚马逊创始人贝索斯个人财富超过800亿美元，成为全世界第四大富豪。

当然，马云阿里巴巴的创始人也是如此。

二、注意力经济的核心要素分析1、注意力经济的核心要素有两个：一是用户体验，二是人性弱点。

所谓的用户体验，说穿了就是为用户创造价值。

这其中既包括产品使用价值，也包括社交、娱乐等方面的价值，只有为用户带来更好的用户体验，才能赢得用户信任和喜爱。

在手机上面运用第二种理论也可以得到合理的解释，那就是社交媒体的存在让人与人之间有了更多互动，手机厂商都纷纷在软件上推出了社交功能，比如抖音、快手，这也是“注意力经济”在手机上的表现。

不仅如此，人类是有强烈的窥私欲望和人性弱点的，因此需要找到两者之间的平衡点，这样才能让人性弱点得到克制，让人们愉悦地去使用。

4、为什么是注意力经济？手机本身是冰冷的硬件设备，但是因为上面的软件丰富多彩，人性弱点能得到满足，就像有了另一个“自己”，让很多人离不开它，也就形成了注意力经济。

762. This nation is noted for its economic stability.该国以经济稳定而出名。

763. How old do you have to be to vote in the national elections?你多大才有全国选举权。

764. Today we celebrate our day of independence.It’s a national holiday.今天，我们庆祝我们的独立节，它也是国庆节。

765. My home is in the capital. It’s a cosmopolitan city.我的家在首都，它是一个世界性的大城市。

766. Geographically,this country is located in the southern hemisphere.从地理上看,这个国家位于南半球.767. It’s a beautiful country with many large lakes.这是一个有着若干大湖的美丽的国家.768. This part of the country is very mountainous.这个国家的这部分由众多的山脉覆盖.769. The land in this region is dry and parched.这个地区的土地干旱且贫瘠.770. Along the northern coast there are many high cliffs.北海岸有很多高高的山崖.771. There are forests here,and lumbering is important.这里有很多森林,因此伐木业很重要.772. The scenery is beautiful near the Pacific Ocean.太平洋附近的景色很漂亮.773. This mountain range has many high peaks and deep canyons.这座山有众多的高峰和低谷.774. what kind of climate do you haved?Is it mild?你们那的气候怎样?潮湿吗?775. How far is it from the shore of the Atlantic to the mountains?从大西洋海岸到山区有多远?776. Is the coastal plain good for farming?这种海边的平原有利于农业吗?777. What’s th e longest river in the United States?美国最长的河是什么?778. Are most of the lakes located in the north central region?大部分湖泊是不是在北部的中心地区.779. As you travel westward,does the land get higher?你去西部旅行时,是不是地势越来越高?780. The weather is warm and sunny here.Do you get much rain?这里天气781. Children enter school at the age of five,don’t they?孩子们到五岁时就上学,是吗?782. In elementary school, the child learns to read and write.孩子们在小学里学习读和写.783. In secondary school, children get more advanced knowledge.在中学里,孩子们得到更高的教育.784. In universities,students train to become teachers and engineers.在大学里学生们被培训为老师和工程师.785. He went to grade school in New york and high school in Cicargo.他在纽约上小学,在芝加哥上中学.786. In college I majored in science. What was your major?大学里我的专业是科学.你呢?787. My sister graduated from high school.Graduation was last night.我姐姐从中学毕业.毕业晚会在昨晚举行.788. I’m a graduate of Yale University.I have a Bachelor of Arts degree.我是一名耶鲁大学的毕业生.我获得了艺术学士学位.789. If you expect to enter the university, you should apply now.如果你想上大学的话,你现在就应申请.790. This is my first year of college. I’m a freshman.这是我大学的第一年.我是新生.791. My uncle is a high school principal. 我的叔叔是一名中学校长.792. What kind of grades did you make in college? 你在大学中成绩如何?793. During your first year of college, did you make straight As?在大学的第一年里,你是不是优秀学生?794. My brother is a member of the faculty.He teaches economics.我的哥哥是一名教员.他教经济.795. John has extracurricular activities. He’s on the footba ll team.约翰有许多课外活动.他是一名足球队员.796. I’m a federal employee. I work for the Department of Labor.我是一名联邦雇员.我在劳动部门工作.797. What kind of work do you do? Are you a saleman?你从事什么工作?是不是销售员?798. As soon as I complete my training,I’m going to b e a bank teller.一旦我完成了我的训练,我将成为出纳员.799. John has built up his own business.He owns a hotel.约翰已经有了自己的生意.他有一个旅馆.800. What do you want to be when you grow up? 你长大后想做什么?801. I like painting,but I wouldn’t want it to be my life’s work.我喜欢绘画,但是我不会让他成为我终生的职业.802. Have you ever thought about a career in the medical profession?你是否考虑过成为医学专业的职员?803. My uncle was a pilot with the airlines.He just retired.我的叔叔是航空公司的飞行员.他刚刚退休.804. My brother’s in the army.He was just promoted t o the rank of major.我的哥哥在军队里.他刚刚被提升为少校.805. I have a good-paying job with excellent hours.我有一份工资很高工作时间理想的工作.806. My sister worked as a secretary before she got married.我的姐姐结婚前是个秘书.807. George’s father is an attorney.He has his own c ompany.乔治的父亲是个律师.他拥有自己的公司.808. He always takes pride in his work.He’s very efficient.他总是以他的工作为荣.他是个很能干的人.809. Mr. Smith is a politician.He’s running for election as governor.史密斯先生是个政治家.他正在为竞选统治者而奔忙.810. After a successful career in business,he was appointed ambassador.他在生意中有了成就后,就被任命为大使.811. Because of the warm and sunny weather,oranges grow very well here.因为这里气候温暖,光照充足,橘子在这长势很好.812. In this flat country people grow wheat and corn and raise cattle.在这个平坦的国家,人们种植小麦,棉花,饲养牲畜.813. The ground around here is stony and not very good for farming.这周围的地面多石,不适合农业的种植.814. What are the principal farm products in this region?这个地区的主要农产品是什么?815. Milk,butter,and cheese are shipped here from the dairy farms.牛奶,黄油,奶酪都从制酪场运到这里.816. They had to cut down a lot of trees to make room for farms.他们不得不砍伐一些树木,从而为农场提供足够的地方.817. At this time of the year farmers plow their fields.一年中的这个时候农民们常常用犁来耕种自己的土地.818. On many farms you’ll find co ws and chickens.在许多农场中你都能发现很多奶牛和鸡.819. If you have cows you have to get up early to do the milking.如果你有奶牛的话,你不得不早起来挤牛奶.820. Tractors have revolutionized farming. 拖拉机革新了农业方法.821. In the United States, there are many factories for making cloth.美国有很多制造衣服的工厂.822. Factories employ both male and female workers.工厂中雇佣了男女工人.823. If you work in a factory,you usually have to punch a clock.如果你在工厂工作的话,你就需要在上下班记时卡上打孔.824. Is meat packing a big industry in your country?肉类包装在你们国家是不是一项大的工业?825. Is it true that manufacturing of automobiles is a major industry?汽车制造业是主要工业是真的吗?826. My hobby is collecting stamps. Do you have a hobby?我的爱好是集邮.你有什么爱好?827. I’ve always thought pho tography would be an interesting hobby.我总是想摄影会是一个有趣的爱好.828. Some people like horseback riding,but I prefer golfing as a hobby.一些人喜欢骑马,但是我喜欢打高尔夫球.829. Do you have any special interests other than your job?除了工作以外,你还有什么特殊的兴趣爱好吗?830. Learning foreign languages is just an avocation with me.学外语是我的一项爱好.831. I find stamp collecting relaxing and it takes my mind off my work.我发现集邮可以让人放松,能让我远离工作.832. On weekends I like to get my mind off my work by reading good books.每当周末时我总喜欢读书,从而使我的注意力从工作中脱离出来.833. My cousin is a member of a drama club. He seems to enjoy acting.我的堂兄是戏曲俱乐部的成员.他看上去很喜欢这项娱乐.834. He plays the piano for his own enjoyment. 他因为兴趣而弹钢琴.835. I’ve gotten interested in hi-fi. I’m building my own equipment.我对高保真收音机渐渐产生了兴趣.我正在装备一台.836. He’s not a professional.He plays the piano for the fun of it.他不是职业演员.他仅仅因为兴趣而弹钢琴.。

网络时代的新经济——注意力经济（1）以计算机和因特网为代表的信息革命极大地改变着人类社会，影响着人与人之间的社会关系，也引起了一系列的值得研究的新问题。

人们的生活习惯、交流方式发生天翻地覆的变化。

不仅如此，信息革命对于商业的影响也是极其深远的，它改变了贸易的方式、管理的手段、信息的传播渠道、商品的营销模式和不同的市场主体参与市场的途径。

因此，说信息革命带来了商业革命是不为过的。

因特网的遍地开花，许许多多的经济行为可以变成网络行为，人们呆在网络上的时间将越拉越多，甚至会超过人们呆在电视机前的时间。

因此，网络成为越来越抢手的商业信息传递平台，网络广告开办的红红火火。

不仅如此，人们还可以在网上开店、网上购物、网上投递信件、网上签订交易合同等等。

但从商业来看，网络交易将在未来人们的生活中占有越来越大的份额。

因此，如何在网络上吸引消费者的注意力，使消费者产生购买本产品的需求，成为企业竞争的关键。

美国学者托马斯.达文波特和约翰.贝克的著作《注意力经济》对于注意力经济进行了全面系统的分析。

据该书的描述，米切尔.韦德最先提出，对于因特网的未来而言，注意力可能是最苛刻的限制之一。

1997年9月份的《联线》杂志上，那期杂志上有咨询顾问汤姆.波坦特和荣.塔勒写的一篇关于注意力的文章。

加州大学洛杉矶分校的修辞学教授理查德.兰汉姆写的一本叫做《电子词汇：民主、技术和艺术》的书，第一个研究信息技术对人类注意力管理影响的学者。

另外，肯.萨查伦写了一本名叫《注意力！》的广告方面的书籍。

本书的作者是比较早的全面系统地论述注意力经济的学者。

越来越多的学者和商界人士开始关注注意力经济问题。

注意力经济研究的兴起与网络经济蓬勃发展和信息时代的到来是紧密地联系在一起的。

网络经济和信息时代的特征是：信息供过于求。

当我们打开网页，我们可以了解到很多商业信息，这些信息并不是我们所需要的，即使是我们在搜索我们需要的信息，许多具有竞争性的同类的信息将会呈现在我们的面前，消费者具有很大的选择余地，因此，那些信息能够吸引我们的注意力，将会被我们购买。

【#英语口语# 导语】英语口语的广泛应用，使能够熟练掌握英语口语技能的综合性人才越发得到社会的认可和青睐，因此大学英语口语教学在培养综合全面的人才方面和推进中国对外交流方面都起到了举足轻重的作用。

以下是?无忧考网整理的商务英语口语900句，欢迎阅读！1.商务英语口语900句1. We will inform you of the weight, measurements, number of cases, cost of the drawings and other documents seven days before delivering the documents to the airplane.我方将在把文件数据送到机杨的7天前，通知贵方箱子的重量、尺码和数量以及图纸和其它文件数据的费用。

2. Drawings and technical documents will be sent to you by registered airmail.图纸和技术数据将通过挂号邮件的方式寄达贵方。

3. Expenses for the technology transfer shall be fair and reasonable.技术的转让费应该公平合理。

4. The royalty rate shall not be higher than the standard international rate.专利权使用费不应高于国际标准。

5. The technology transfer fee shall be paid in royalties.技术转让费将以专利使用费的形式来支付。

6. The royalty rate shall be 15% of the net sales value of the products.专利权使用费是产品凈销售价值的15%。

7. The royalty rate shall be calculated on the net sales of the products turned out with transferred technology.专利权使用费率将根据用转让技术生产出的产品净销售来计算。

商务英语交谈中美战略经济对话常用词汇商务交谈的话题中，少不了对中美关系的讨论，更少不了对中美战略经济合作话题的讨论，来看看下面汇总的中美战略经济对话的常用词汇。

opening ceremony 开幕式closing remarks 闭幕辞high-level dialogue 高层对话government procurement 政府采购hi-tech goods 高科技产品hi-tech export 高科技出口high-end manufacturing 高端制造业anti-protectionism in international trade 反对国际贸易保护主义global economic recovery 全球经济复苏full market economy status 完全市场经济地位open trade and investment regimes 开放的贸易和投资体制energy-saving products 节能产品intellectual property rights/IPR protection 知识产权保护market aess barriers 市场准入障碍supply chain 供给链European debt crisis 欧洲债务危机alternative energy 可替代能源clean energy 清洁能源lower carbon economy 低碳经济currency rate/exchange rate reform 汇率改革currency appreciation 货币升值currency flotation 浮动汇率currency manipulator 货币操纵国foreign exchange rate mechanism 汇率机制external pressure 外部压力rebalance global growth 重新平衡全球开展MOU/memorandum of understanding 谅解备忘录Framework for EcoPartnerships 生态合作框架produce concrete results 取得实效long-term reforms 长期改革bilateral forum 双边论坛bilateral ties 双边关系mutually-beneficial and win-win cooperation 互惠和共赢的合作credit agreements 贷款协定reach consensus 达成共识bear fruit 取得成果revised agreement 修订协议oute statement 成果声明。

外贸新客户话术引言：随着全球经济的发展和国际贸易的日益频繁，外贸行业成为了许多企业拓展市场的重要途径。

然而，在开拓新客户时，我们需要通过有效的话术来吸引他们的注意力并建立合作关系。

本文将为大家分享一些针对外贸新客户的有效话术，帮助您在拓展市场时取得更好的成果。

一、引起兴趣1. 问候和介绍：您好！我是来自XXX公司的销售经理，我们是一家专业从事XXX产品的制造和出口的企业。

很高兴与您进行交流。

2. 引起兴趣：我注意到贵公司在XXX方面的业务非常出色，我们希望能够与您合作，共同开拓市场，实现互利共赢。

二、了解需求1. 提问以引导：请问贵公司在XXX方面的需求是什么？我们可以为您提供什么样的产品或服务？2. 引导对话：贵公司对于XXX产品的市场需求如何？我们可以提供高品质的产品和竞争力的价格。

三、强调优势1. 突出产品特点：我们的产品具有独特的设计和优良的质量，通过持续的技术创新和质量控制，我们可以满足客户的各种需求。

2. 强调服务优势：我们有专业的团队提供全方位的售前和售后服务，包括技术支持、产品定制等，确保客户的满意度和市场竞争力。

3. 强调竞争力：我们的产品具有竞争力的价格和可靠的供货能力，可以帮助客户提高市场份额并降低成本。

四、建立信任1. 提供信誉保证：我们是一家有着多年外贸经验和良好声誉的企业，与全球多家知名客户建立了长期合作关系。

2. 提供案例分析：我们可以提供一些我们与其他客户合作的案例，以让您更了解我们的产品和服务。

3. 提供合作方式：我们可以通过签署合作协议或者提供样品来进一步增强彼此的合作信任。

五、约定下一步1. 安排会议：能否请您安排一次会议，我们可以对具体的合作细节进行深入讨论？2. 提供资料：我可以将我们的产品资料和报价单发送给您，供您参考。

3. 询问意向：贵公司对于与我们合作的意向如何？我们可以进一步商讨合作的具体细节。

结束语：通过以上的话术，我们可以更好地与外贸新客户进行沟通，建立起合作的基础。

全面开发注意力的研究----读书《注意力经济学》“注意力经济”（The Economy of Attention）是最近一段时间，特别是随着Internet在中国的逐渐升温，媒体上出现最频繁的术语之一。

那么，到底什么是注意力经济，什么样的经济算是注意力经济？在信息时代,我们可以用注意力做些什么??怎样做??这些问题在张雷先生所著《注意力经济学》一书中可以找到明确的答案。

本书旁征博引，从多维度解答和论证了有关注意力经济和注意力经济学的问题，并用大量的篇幅从实践的角度阐述了如何全面开发注意力服务于经济的问题。

作者以深厚的公共关系研究作为基础，以严密的逻辑和丰富的素材为依托，从一个公共关系专家所具有的特别视角，全面的论述和研究注意力经济问题。

本书既有理论上的指导性，又有实战的参考性。

是现代经济生活里不可多得的一本著作。

一、注意力经济的研究价值和注意力经济学应该承认，高德哈伯无疑是比较早而且比较系统的提出注意力经济概念并进行过深入研究的一位学者。

注意力经济能够在学术界获得大量的关注，一则缘自于网络的飞速发展，另外和高德哈伯研究是分不开的。

同时的爱格琳也是重要人物之一，爱格琳与高德哈伯的研究，偏重于注意力经济的不同侧面，高氏更偏重于本源和意义的研究，爱氏则试图能够找到经济学的实际解释和实际操作的路径。

当然，注意力经济研究者众多，在笔者看来，大部分都没有超越概念和纯理论范畴，反而使这个新经济现象变得玄虚起来。

当然，高氏研究的最大成果，就是成功的解释了为什么信息爆炸并没有如预测的一样，给人类社会带来超量冲击，注意力有限说是非常科学的论断。

爱氏的努力则使人们把目光更加关注在注意力的经济价值和实现上面。

这样的背景下，注意力经济学作为一门新兴学科，得到高速发展。

所谓注意力经济学就是从注意力的角度分析和探索经济实践中的问题，从中找出注意力和经济的各种联系，发现并总结其内在规律以服务于社会经济实践的一门科学。

二、注意力经济漫谈1、注意力是有价商品，具有交换性。

什么是注意力经济？著名的诺贝尔奖获得者赫伯特·西蒙在对当今经济发展趋势进行预测时也指出：“随着信息的发展，有价值的不是信息，而是注意力。

”这种观点被IT业和管理界形象地描述为“注意力经济”。

“注意力经济”这一观点最早见于美国加州大学学者Richard wbam在1994年发表一篇题为《注意力的经济学》（The Economics of Attention）的文章最早正式提出“注意力经济”这一概念的是美国的迈克尔·戈德海伯（Michael H．Goldhaber）1997年在美国发表了一篇题为《注意力购买者》的文章。

他在这篇文章中指出，目前有关信息经济的提法是不妥当的，因为按照经济学的理论，其研究的主要课题应该是如何利用稀缺资源。

对于信息社会中的稀缺资源，他认为，当今社会是一个信息极大丰富甚至泛滥的社会，而互联网的出现，加快了这一进程，信息非但不是稀缺资源，相反是过剩的。

而相对于过剩的信息，只有一种资源是稀缺的，那就是人们的注意力。

注意力经济向传统的经济规律发起挑战，认为经济的自然规律在网络时代会产生变异，传统经济的主导稀有资源由土地、矿产、机械化设备、高科技工厂等物质因素转变为“注意力”。

所谓注意力，从心理学上看，就是指人们关注一个主题、一个事件、一种行为和多种信息的持久程度。

它有如下几个特点：一是它是不能共享，无法复制的；二是它是有限的、稀缺的；三是它有易从众的特点，受众可以相互交流、相互影响；四是注意力是可以传递的，名人广告就说明了这一点，受众的注意力可以由自己关注的名人到名人所做的广告物——产品；五是注意力产生的经济价值是间接体现。

在把注意力转化为经济价值的过程中，媒体既是注意力的主要拥有者，同时又是注意力价值的交换者，所以传媒经济就是以注意力为基础的经济。

但在当今信息过剩的社会，吸引人们的注意力往往会形成一种商业价值，获得经济利益，因此在经济上，注意力往往又会成为一种经济资源，在这一意义上，注意力就是“把精神活动投注在特定的资讯项目上。

注意力经济作者：By Tom Chatfield来源：《英语学习》2018年第08期How many other things are you doing right now while you’re reading this piece？ Are you also checking your email， glancing at your Twitter feed， and updating your Facebook page？ What five years ago Davi d Foster Wallace labelled “Total Noise”—“the seething static of every particular thing and experience，and one’s total freedom of infinite choice about what to choose to attend to”1—is today just part of the texture of living on a planet that will， by next year， boast one mobile phone for each of its seven billion inhabitants. We are all amateur attention economists， hoarding and bartering our moments2—or watching them slip away down the cracks of a thousand YouTube clips.If you’re using a free on line service， the adage3 goes，you are the product. It’s an arresting4 line， but one that deserves putting more precisely：it’s not you， but your behavioural data and the quantifiable facts of your engagement that are constantly blended for sale， with the aggregate of every single interaction （yours included） becoming a mechanism for ever-more-finely tuning the business of attracting and retaining users.Consider the confessional slide show released in December 2012 by Upworthy，the “website for vir al content”， which detailed the mechanics of its online attention-seeking. To be truly viral，they note， content needs to make people want to click on it and share it with others who will also click and share. This means selecting stuff with instant appeal—and then precisely calibrating5 the summary text， headline， excerpt， image and tweet that will spread it. This in turn means producing at least 25 different versions of your material， testing the best ones， and being prepared to constantly tweak6 every aspect of your site. To play the odds， you also need to publish content constantly，in quantity， to maximise the likelihood of a hit—while keeping one eye glued to Facebook. That’s how Upworthy got its most viral hit ever，under the headline “Bully Calls News Anchor Fat，News Anchor Destroys Him on Live TV”， with more than 800，000 Facebook likes and 11 million views on YouTube.But even Upworthy’s efforts pale into insignificance compared with the algorithmic might of sites such as Yahoo！—which， according to the American author and marketer Ryan Holiday，tests more than 45，000 combinations of headlines and images every five minutes on its home page. Much as corporations incrementally improve the taste， texture and sheer enticement of food and drink by measuring how hard it is to stop eating and drinking them， the actions of every individual online are fed back into measures where more inexorably means better： more readers， more viewers， more exposure， more influence， more ads， more opportunities to unfurl the integrated apparatus of gathering and selling data.7Attention， thus conceived， is an inert and finite resource， like oil or gold： a tradable asset that the wise manipulator auctions off to the highest bidder， or speculates upon to lucrative effect.8 There has even been talk of the world reaching “peak attention”， by analogy to peak oil production， meaning the moment at which there is no more spare attention left to spend.This is one way of conceiving of our time. But it’s also a qu antification that tramples across other， qualitative questions—a fact that the American author Michael H Goldhaber recognised some years ago，in a piece for Wired magazine called “Attention Shoppers！” （1997）. Attention， he argued，“comes in many forms： love， recognition， heeding， obedience， thoughtfulness9，caring， praising， watching over，attending to one’s desires， aiding， advising， criticalappraisal， assistance in developing new skills，et cetera. An army sergeant ordering troops doesn’t want the kind o f attention Madonna seeks. And neither desires the sort I do as I write this.”For all the sophistication of a world in which most of our waking hours are spent consuming or interacting with media， we have scarcely advanced in our understanding of what attention means. What are we actually talking about when we base both business and mental models on a “resource” that， to all intents and purposes， is fabricated from scratch every time a new way of measuring it comes along？In Latin， the verb attendere—from which our word“attention” derives—literally means to stretch towards. A compound of ad （“towards”） and tendere （“to stretch”）， it invokes an archetypal10 image： one person bending towards another in order to attend to them， both physically and mentally.Attending is closely connected to anticipation. Soldiers snap to attention to signify readiness and respect—and to embody it. Unable to read each others’ minds， we demand outward shows of mental engagement. Teachers shout “Pay attenti on！”at slumped11 students whose thoughts have meandered，calling them back to the place they’re in. Time， presence and physical attentiveness are our most basic proxies12 for something ultimately unprovable： that we are understood.The best teachers， one hopes，don’t shout at their students—because they are skilled at wooing13 as well as demanding the best efforts of others. For the ancient Greeks and Romans， this wooing was a sufficiently fine art in itself to be the central focus of education. As the manual on classical rhetoric Rhetoricaad Herennium put it 2，100 years ago：“We wish to have our hearer receptive， welldisposed， and attentive （docilem， benivolum， attentum）.” To be civilised was to speak persuasively about the things that mattered： law and custom， loyalty and justice.Underpinning this was neither honour nor idealism， but pragmatism embodied in a five-part process. Come up with a compelling proposition， arrange its elements in elegant sequence， polish your style， commit the result to memory or media， then pitch14 your delivery for maximum impact. Short of an ancient “share” button，the similarities to Upworthy’s recipe for going viral are impressive. Cicero15， to whom Rhetoricaad Herennium is traditionally attributed， also counted flattery， bribery， favour-bargaining and outright untruth among the tools of his trade. What mattered was results.However， when it comes to automated systems for garnering attention，there’s more at play than one person listening to another； and the processes of measurement and persuasion have some uncannily16 totalising tendencies. As far as getting the world to pay attention to me online， either I play by the rules of the system—likes， links， comments， clicks， shares， retweets—or I become ineligible17 for any of its glittering prizes.There’s a similarly reductive exaltation in defining attention as the contents of a global reservoir， slopping interchangeably between the brains of every human being alive.18 Where is the space， here， for the idea of attention as a mutual construction more akin to empathy than budgetary expenditure—or for those unregistered moments in which we attend to ourselves， to the space around us， or to nothing at all？We watch a 30-second ad in exchange for a video；we solicit a friend’s endorsement19； we freely pour sentence after sentence， hour after hour， into status updates and stock responses. None of this depletes our bank balances. Yet its cumulative cost， while hard to quantify， affects many of those things we hope to put at the heart of a happy life： rich relationships， rewarding leisure，meaningful work， peace of mind.What kind of attention do we deserve from those around us， or owe to them in return？ What kind of attention do we ourselves deserve， or need，if we are to be “us” in the fullest possible sense？These aren’t questions that even the most finely tuned popularity contest can resolve. Yet， if contentment and a sense of control are partial measures of success， many of us are selling ourselves far too cheap.Are you still paying attention？ I can look for signs，but in the end I can’t control what you think or do. And this must be the beginning of any sensible discussion. No matter who or what tells you otherwise， you have the perfect right to ignore me—and to decide for yourself what waits in each waking moment.你在阅读这篇文章的同时还在进行多少件其他的事情？你是否也在查看你的电子邮件，浏览你的Twitter信息，更新你的Facebook页面？五年前，戴维·福斯特·华莱士所说的“全面的噪音”——“每一件事物、每一个经历所带来的无处不在的滋滋噪音，以及人们对于究竟关注什么拥有无限选择的全面自由”——如今只是在这个星球上生活的一部分。

1.The price of vegetables and fruits fluctuates according to the season. 蔬菜和⽔果的价格随季节⽽波动。

重点词语：fluctuate v.波动，涨落，起伏商务英语⼝语 商务⽤语：fluctuating prices 波动的价格 2.That''s an interesting idea， and we''ll certainly follow it up. 那是⼀个有意义的想法，我们⼀定要进⼀步予以研究。

重点词语：follow v.①跟随，遵循，从事②了解 n.追随 商务⽤语：follow-up 细节落实;接连要做的事 follow-on 随后发⽣的事情;继任者 as follows 如下商务英语⼝语 The results are as follows... 结果如下… 3.Price increases forecast inflation. 物价上涨预⽰着通货膨胀。

重点词语：forecast n./v. 预测，预报 商务⽤语：business forecast 企业预测 cash forecast 现⾦预测 mathematical forecast 数值预报 quantitative forecast 数量预测 4.He has been charged with tax fraud. 他被指控逃税。

重点词语：fraud n.①欺诈⾏为②骗⼦③假货 商务⽤语：credit fraud 信⽤欺诈 non-management fraud ⾮管理⼈员舞弊 5.He freelanced pieces to a magazine publisher. 他为⼀位杂志出版社⾃由撰稿。

1.The project was abandoned for want of funds. 这个计划因为缺少资⾦⽽作罢。

国贸专业求职英语词汇必备招牌词汇Admisson Free 免费入场All Sold Out Today 今日售完Beware of Fire 小心火烛Beware of Pick Pockets 谨防扒手Closed 打烊Caution 注意Danger 危险Emergency Exit 紧急出口Entrance 入口Exit 出口For Sale 出售Gentlemen 男用卫生间Hands off 请勿动手Information 咨询处Keep off 禁止入内Ladies 女用卫生间Lavatory 厕所No Left Turn 禁止左转No Trepassing 非公莫入No Smoking 禁止吸烟Nor for Sale 非卖品No Parking 禁止停车Off Limits 禁止入内One Way 单行道Parking Lot 停车场Please Remove Y our Hats 请脱帽Quiet 肃静Railway Crossing 铁路道口Safety Island 安全岛Shoes Off 禁止穿鞋Sold 已售出T oll Road 收费公路Trash 垃圾箱Under Construction 正在施工Wet Paint 油漆未干Watch Your Step 注意脚下No Thoroughfare 禁止通行求职英语考试常出现的常识与实事英语Communism 共产主义U.N Charter 联合国宪章U.N. member state 联合国成员国（U.N.）General Assembly 联合国大会Secretary General 秘书长Security Council 安理会Diplomacy 外交Racial discrimination 种族歧视Liberalism 自由主义Socialism 社会主义Public opinion 舆论Export 出口Import 进口Export of industrial plant 出口成套设备Foreign currency 外汇Overseas markets 海外市场Customs，duties，tariffs 关税Constitution of Japan 日本宪法Diet 国会House of Representatives 众议院Senate 参议院Dietman 国会议员Extraordinary diet session 临时国会Production 生产Reproduction 再生产Oil crisis 石油危机Oil producing nations 产油国Enterprise 企业Big business 大企业Minor enterprise prises 中小型企业Economic policy 经济政策Amalgamation 企业合并Antimonopoly 反垄断Fair trade commission 公平交易委员会Mass production 大规模生产Raw materials 原材料International trade 国际贸易Diet approval 国会表决通过Majority 多数Dissolution 解散Superpower 超级大国Atomic energy 原子能Nuclear weapons 核武器Nuclear war 核战争Nuclear power 有核国家Nuclear Non-proliferation Trdaty 核不扩散条约Disarmament committee 裁军委员会Territorial air 领空Violation of territorial waters 侵犯领海Hawl 捕鱼量Candidacy 候选资格V ote 投票Liberal-democratic party 自民党Opposition party 在野党，反对党Radical 激进的Conservative 保守的Independent 无党派的Cabinet 内阁Prime 总理Minister 大臣Minister ruling party 部长Governing party 执政党经济金融Extraterritoriality 治外法权Negotiation 谈判Diplomat 外交官Ambassador 大使Japan-U.S. security treaty日本安全保障条约Japan-Soviet Talks 日苏会谈Joint Japan-China statement中日联合声明Japan-Russia fishery talks 日俄渔业会谈free trade swap arrangement自由贸易易货协定Capitalism 资本主义Import liberalization 进口自由Protectionism international monetary crisis贸易保护主义国际货币危机Floating exchange rate 浮动汇率Foreign exchange 外汇Dollar devaluation 美元贬值Yen revaluation 日元升值Economic diplomacy 经济外交Speculation 投机Tight money policy 金融紧缩政策Import surcharge 进口附加税Foreign reserve 外汇储备Gross national product 国民生产总值National income 国民所得Rate of economic 经济增长率High growth 高速增长depression 萧条consumption 消费commodity price 物价economic white paper 经济白皮书living standards 生活水平in the black 有盈余in the red 亏空，负债easy money policy 放松信贷政策merchandise cost accounting商品成本核算Wholesaler 批发商Manufacturer 制造商Distributor 销售商Installment 分期付款Markup 涨价Discount 折扣Demand 需求Supply 供给Contract 合同Collateral 担保Fixed deposit 定期存款Interest 利息Check 支票Budget 预算Revenue 收入Rice price council 稻米价格审议会Income tax 所得税Direct tax 直接税Public works 公共事业Finance 金融Circulate 流通Official rate 官方汇率Bill 票据Public debt 公债National debt 国债Central bank 中央银行Investment 投资Stock 股票Profit 利润Life insurance 人寿保险Accident insurance 意外保险Fire insurance 火灾保险Listed brand 上市品牌Growth stock 上涨股票Letter of credit 信用证Liabilities 负债Stockholder 股东Yield 利润Cash 现金社会一般Unemployment 失业Discharge，fire，dismiss 解雇Retiring age 退休年龄Seniority order wage system 论资排辈式的工资制度Labour standards law 劳动基准法Employment agency 职业介绍所Five-day work a week 双休制Spring labour offensive 春季劳工运动Law abiding struggle 守法斗争Criminal 罪犯Suspicion 嫌疑Investigate 调查Arrest 逮捕Record，criminal 犯罪前科Detective 侦探Thief 盗贼Witness 目击者Confess 坦白Kidnap 绑架Hijack 劫持Ransom 赎金Suicide 自杀On-the-spot 在现场Driver’s license 驾驶执照世界主要港口一览北美洲地区加拿大（Canada）哈利法克斯港埠公司(Halifax PortCorporation)哈密尔顿港（Port of Hamilton）蒙特利尔港（Port of Montreal）圣约翰港埠公司(Saint John Port Corporation)多伦多港（Port of Toronto）锡得尼港（Port of Sydney-Canada）埃尔波尼港（Port Alberni）贝塞德港（Port of Bayside）贝拉顿港（Port of Belledune）彻奇尔港（Port of Churchill）达尔豪西港（Port of Dalhousie）鲁珀特港埠公司(Prince Rupet Port Corporation)魁北克港（Port of Québec）墨西哥（Mexico)维拉克鲁斯港（Puerto de Veracruz）马萨特兰港（Port of Mazatlan）美国（United States）安那柯的斯港（Port of Anacortes）巴尔的摩港（Port of Baltimore）贝灵哈姆港（Port of Bellingham, Wa.）查尔斯顿港（Port of Charleston）克珀斯-克里斯堤港（Port of Corpus Christi）卡拉玛港（Port of Kalama）格雷斯港（Port of Grays Harbor）休斯顿港（Autoridad Portuaria de Houston）维特曼港（Port of Whitman）杰克森维尔港（Port of Jacksonville）洛杉矶港（Port of Los Angeles）莫比尔港（Port of Mobile）新罕布什尔港（New Hampshire PortAutority）塔科马港（Port of T acoma）威尔明顿港（Port of Willmington）奥克兰港（Port of Oakland）斯托克顿港（Port of Stockton）圣路易斯港（St. Louis Port Authority）亚瑟港（Port of Port Arthur）波特兰港（Port of Portland）圣保罗港（The Saint Paul Port Authority）圣地亚哥港（Port of San Diego）西雅图港（Port of Seattle）纽约-新泽西港（Port Authority of New York and New Jersey）费城-卡姆登港（Port of Philadelphia and Camden）匹兹堡港管理委员会（Port of Pittsburg Commission）印第安那港口管理委员会(Indiana Port Commission) 德拉华河港口管理局(Delaware River Port Authority)北卡罗来纳港（North Carolina State Ports Authority）非洲地区安哥拉（Angola）罗安达港（Port of Luanda）南非（South Africa）德班港（Port of Durban）理查德湾港（Port of Richards Bay）塞丹哈港（Port of Saldanha）开普敦港（Port of Capetown）伊丽莎白港（Port of Port Elizabeth）莫斯湾港（Port of Mossel Bay）东伦敦港（Port of East London）南美洲地区阿根廷（Argentina）阿根廷港口（Ports of Argentina）布兰卡港（Port of Bahia Blanca）里伐达维亚港（Comodoro Rivadavia）马德普拉塔港（Mar del Plata Port）巴拿马（Panama）巴拿马港口国家管理局（National Port Authority of Panama）巴西（Brazil）伊塔日阿伊港（Port of Itajai）达.马德拉港（Port of Ponta da Madeira）里奥格兰特港（Port of Rio Grande）萨尔瓦多港（Port of Salvador）圣多斯港（Port of Santos）维多利亚港（Port of Vitoria）巴巴多斯（Barbados)巴巴多斯港（Port of Barbados）哥伦比亚（Colombia）布韦那文图拉港（Port of Buenaventura）巴兰基利亚港（Port of Barranquilla）埃尔鲍斯克海港（El Bosque Sea Terminal）萨尔瓦多（El Salvador)阿卡胡特拉港（Port of Acajutla）库图科港（Port of Cutuco）秘鲁（Peru）秘鲁港口国有公司（National Port Enterprise of Peru）瓦尔帕莱索港（Port of Valparaiso）阿里卡港（Port of Arica）智利港口（Ports of Chile）欧洲地区比利时（Belgium）安特卫普港（Port of Antwerp）根特港（Port of Ghent）泽不腊赫港（Port of Zeebrugge）克罗地亚（Croatia）克罗地亚港口（Ports of Croatia）丹麦（Denmark）奥尔堡港（Port of Aalborg）奥尔胡斯港（Port of Aarhus）奥本罗港（Port of Aabenraa）芬兰（Finland）上海港（Port of ShangHai）芬兰港口（Finnish Ports）赫尔辛基港（Port of Helsinki）盖密港（Port of Kemi）科科拉港（Port of Kokkola）科特卡港（Port of Kotka）奥鲁港（Port of Oulu）波里港（Port of Pori）彼太萨立港（Port of Pietsarsaari）腊黑港（Port of Raahe）托尔尼奥港（Port of Tornio）哈米纳港（Port of Hamina）法国（France）波尔多港（Port of Bordeaux）布勒斯特港（Port of Brest）勒阿弗尔港（Port of Le Havre）德国（Germany）汉堡港（Port of Hamburg）直布罗陀（Gibraltar）直布罗陀港（Port of Gibraltar）希腊（Greece）塞色勒狄克港（Port of Thessaloniki）冰岛（Iceland）雷克亚未克港（Port of Reykjavik）热那亚港（Port of Geneva）斯培西亚港（Port of La Spezia）那不勒斯港（Port of Napoli）拉文纳港（Port of Ravenna）萨累诺港（Port of Salerno）萨沃纳港（Port of Savona）奥古斯塔港（Port of Augusta）拉脱维亚（Latvia）拉脱维亚港口（Ports of Latvia）荷兰（Netherlands）鹿特丹港（Port of Rotterdam）挪威（Norway）奥斯陆港（Port of Oslo）苏拉港（Port of Sola）波兰（Poland）格但斯克港（Port of Gdansk）斯文诺斯切港（Port of Swinoujscie）葡萄牙（Portugal）锡土巴尔港（Port of Setúbal）锡尼什港（Port of Sines）罗马尼亚（Romania）康斯坦萨港（Port of Constantza）俄罗斯（Rusia）诺沃罗西斯克港（Port of Novorossiysk）圣彼得堡港（Saint Petersburg Port Authority）乌斯特-鲁戈港（Port of Ust-Luga）符拉迪敖斯托克港（Port of Vladivostok,即海参威港）西班牙（Spain）巴塞罗那港（Port of Barcelona）卡塔赫纳港（Port of Cartagena）桑坦德港（Port of Santander）毕尔巴鄂港（Port of Bilbao）拉.科鲁纳港（Port of La Coru?a）塔腊戈纳港（Port of Tarragona）维利亚加西亚.德.阿罗萨港（Port of Vilagarcia deArosa）卡的斯港（Port of Cadiz）拉斯柏尔马斯港（Port of Las Palmas）巴伦西亚港（Port of Valencia）马拉加港（Port of Malaga）阿尔梅里亚港（Ports of Almeria and Motril）休达港（Port of Ceuta）瑞典（Sweden）瑞典港口（Swedish Ports）法尔肯贝里港（Port of Falkenberg）哥德堡港（Port of Goteborg）哈尔姆斯塔德港（Port of Halmstad）赫纳散德港（Port of Harnsosand）赫尔辛堡港（Port of Helsingborg）马尔默港（Port of Malmoe）诺尔彻平港（Port of Norrkopings）塞德特里耶港（Port of Sodertalje）瓦尔汉姆港（Port de Wallhamn）英国（United Kingdom）英吉利港口（Associated British Ports）埃尔和特隆港（Ayr and Troon）巴罗港（Barrow）巴里港（Barry）加的夫港（Cardiff）科尔切斯特港（Colchester）弗利特伍德港（Fleetwood）加斯顿港（Garston）古耳港（Goole）格里姆斯比港（Grimsby）赫尔港（Hull）伊明翰港（Immingham）金斯林港（King′s Lyn n）洛斯托夫特港（Lowestoft）纽波特港（Newport）伦敦港口管理局（Port of London Authority）普列茅斯港（Plymouth）锡洛斯港（Silloth）南安普顿港（Southampton）斯温西港（Swansea）泰尔柏特港（Talbot）廷默思港（Teignmouth）惠特比港（Whitby）贝尔法斯特港（Port of Belfast）亚洲地区中国（China）上海港（Port of ShangHai）连云港港（Port of Lianyungang）宁波港（Port of NingBo）大连港（Port of Dalian）青岛港（Port of QingDao）香港港口（Port of Hong Kong）高雄港（Port of kaohsiung）花莲港（Port of Hualien）基隆港（Port of Keelung）台中港（Port of Taichung）韩国（Korea）釜山港（Port of Busan）仁川港（Port of Inchon）木蒲港（Port of Mokpo）日本（Japan）神户港（Port of Kobe）名古屋港（Port of Nagoya）横滨港（The Port of Yokohama）川崎港（Port of Kawasaki）梗津港（Port of Kisarazu）北九州港（Port of Kitakyushu）酒田港（Port of Sakata）千叶港（Port of Chiba）科威特（Kuwait）科威特港（Kuwait Ports Public Authority）马来西亚（Malaysia）民都鲁港（Bintulu Port Authority）柔佛港（Johore Port Authority）昆坦港（Kuantan Port Authority）古晋港（Kuching Port Authority）马六甲港（Malacca Port Authority）阿联酋（United Arab Emirates）迪拜港（Port of Dubai）菲律宾（Philippines）马尼拉港（Manila）印度（India）加尔各答港（Port of Calcutta）贾瓦哈拉港（Port of Jawaharlal）孟买港（Port of Mumbai）印度尼西亚（Indonesia）丹绒布绿港（Port of Tanjung Priok）以色列（Israel）以色列港（Israel Ports and Railways Authority）巴基斯坦（Pakistan）卡拉奇港（Port of Karachi）Singapoore（新加坡）新加坡港（Port of Singapore Authority）经贸常用词缩写表(A)A.A.R = against all risks 担保全险,一切险A.B.No. = Accepted Bill Number 进口到单编号A/C = Account 账号AC. = Acceptance 承兑acc = acceptance,accepted 承兑,承诺a/c.A/C = account 帐,帐户ackmt = acknowledgement 承认,收条[/color]a/d = after date 出票后限期付款(票据) ad.advt. = advertisement 广告adv. = advice 通知(书)ad val. = Ad valorem(according to value) 从价税A.F.B. = Air Freight Bill 航空提单Agt. = Agent 代理商AI = first class 一级AM = Amendment 修改书A.M.T. = Air Mail Transfer 信汇Amt. = Amount 额,金额A.N. = arrival notice 到货通知A.P. = account payable 应付账款A/P = Authority to Purchase 委托购买a.p. = additional premiun 附加保险费A.R. = AccountReceivable 应收款Art. = Article 条款,项A/S = account sales 销货清单a/s = after sight 见票后限期付款asstd. = Assorted 各色俱备的att,.attn. = attention 注意av.,a/v = average 平均,海损a/v = a vista (at sight) 见票即付经贸常用词缩写(B)B/-,b/- = bale,bag 包,装bal.,balce. = balance 余额bbl. = barrel 桶,樽B/C = bill for collection 托收票据B.D. = Bills discounted 贴现票据B/D = bank draft 银行汇票b/d = brought down 承前页B’dle,bdl = bundle 束,把B/E = bill of exchange 汇票B/F = brought forward 承前页bg = bag 袋BIS = Bank for International Settlement 国际清算银行BK = Bank 银行Bkg. = Banking 银行业务B/L = Bill of Lading 提单B/N = bank note 银行纸币B.O. = Branch Office 分支行b/o = brought over 承前bot. = bottle 瓶B/P = bill purchased 买入票据,出口押汇B/P = bills payable 应付票据B/R = bills receivable 应收票据Brl.,barl. = barrel 桶,樽bx = box 箱,盒经贸常用词缩写(C)C/- = case,currency,coupon 箱,通货,息票 c. =cent,centimes,centigrade 分(美),分(法),百分度(寒暑表)C.A. = Credit Advice 收款报单C.A.D. = cash against documents on arrival of good货到后凭单付款c.a.d. = cash against documents 凭单证付现金c.a.f.= cost and freight 成本加运费cat. = catalogue 货品目录C.B. = clean bill 光票C/B = Clean Bill 光票C.B.D. = Cash before delivery 付现金后交货c.c. = carbon copy,cubic centimeter 副本,立方公分C/C,C.C = Chamber of Commerce 商会pC/D = cash against document 凭单据付款C.D. = Collection and Delivery 托交Cert.= Certificate 证明书c/f = carried forward 过次页C&F = cost and freight 运费在内价C.F.S. = container freight station 集装箱集散场c.f.& i. = Cost freight and insurance 运费保险费在内价C.H. = Clearing House 票据交换所C.I. = Certificate of Insurance 保险单C&I = Cost and Insurance 货价及保险c.i.a. = cash in advance 预付现金cif,c.i.f. = cost,insurance and freight 运费保险费在内价c.i.f.&c.= cost,insurance,freight and commission 运费,保险费,利息在内价C.I.F.E. = Cost,Insurance,Freight and Exchange 运费,保险费,汇票在内价C.I.F.I. = Cost,Insurance,Freight and Interest 运费,保险费,利息在内价C.I.F.C.I.=Cost,Insurance,Freight,Commission and Interest 运费,保险费,佣金,利息在内价CK = Check 支票CL = collection 托收CM = Commission 佣金C/N.C.N. = credit note,covering note,consignment note 货方通知,保险承保单,发货通知书C.O. = certificate of origin 产地证明书c/o = care of carried over 烦转,过次页Co. = company 公司c.o.d.= cash on delivery 货到付款Con.Inv. = Concular Invoice 领事发票corp. = corporation 法人,公司C/P = charter party 租船契约cr. = credit 货方,债权人cs = case 箱csk.,ck = cask 樽C.W.O.= cash with order 现金订货,下定付款cwt. = hundred weight 衡量名C.Y. = container yard 集装箱集散场经贸常用词缩写(D)、(E)DD/A =documents against acceptance, 承兑后交付单= documents for acceptance,= documents attached, 备承兑单据= deposit account 存款账号d/a = days after acceptance 承兑后……日付款D.A. = Debit advice 付款报单D/D,D. = Demand draft,documentary draft 即期汇票,跟单汇票d/d = day’s date (days after date) 出票后……日付款d.f.,d.fet. = dead freight 空载运费(船) Disc. = Discount 贴现;折扣DLT = Day Letter Telegram 书信电D/N = debit note 借方通知D/O = delivery order 卸货通知书D/P = documents against payment 付款后交付单据Dr. = debit debter 借方,债务人d/s. = days’ sight 见票后……日付款DV = Dividends 股利Eea. = each 每,各e.e.E.E. = error excepted 错误除外E/B = Export-Import Bank p 进出口银行(美国)enc.,encl.= enclosure 附件E.& O.E. = errors and omissions excepted 错误或遗漏不在此限ETA = estimated time of arrival 预定到达日期ex. = example,executive,exchange,extract 例子,执行官,外汇交换,摘要Exp. = Export 出口经贸常用词缩写(F)f.a.q.=fair average quality 良好平均品质f.a.s.=free alongside ship 船边交货价F.B.E.=foreign bill of exchange 国外汇票f.c.l.=full containerload 整个集装箱装满f.d.free discharge 卸货船方不负责F.& D.=Freight and Demurrage 运费及延装费f.i.=free in 装货船方步负责f.i.o.=free in and out 装卸货船方均不负责f.i.o.=free in out stowed and trimming 装卸堆储平仓船方均不负责f.o.=free out 卸货船方不负责f.o.,f/o=firm offer 规定时限的报价f.o.b.=free on board 船上交货价f.o.c.=free of charge免费F.O.I.=free of Interest 免息f.o.r.=free on rail,free on road 火车上交货价f.o.s.=free on steamer 轮船上交货价f.o.t.=free on truck 卡车上交货价f.p.a.=free of particular average 单独海损不保fr.f=franc,from,free 法郎,从,自由FX=Foreign Exchange 外汇经贸常用词缩写(G)、(H)Gg=good,goods,gramme 佳,货物,一克G/A=general average 共同海损GATT=General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税贸易总协定gm.=gramme 一克g.m.b.=good merchantable brand品质良好适合买卖之货品g.m.q.=good merchantable quality良好可售品质G/N=Guarantee of Notes 承诺保证g.s.w.=gross shipping weight 运输总重量gr.wt.=gross weight 毛重Hh.=hour,harbour,height 时,港,高度H.O.=Head Office 总公司h.p.=horse power 马力hr.=hour 时IIATA=International Air Transport Association 国际航空运输协会IBRD=International Bank Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴开发银行I/C=Inward Collection 进口托收ICC=International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会IMO=International Money Orders 国际汇票Imp=Import 进口IN=Interest 利息IMF=International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金inst.=instant(this month) 本月int.=interest 利息Inv.=Invoice 发票IOU=I owe you 借据I/P=Insurance Policy 保险单I/R=Inward Remittance 汇入汇款ISIC=International Standard Industrial Classification 国际行业标准分类it.=item 项目Kk.=karat(carat) 卡拉(纯金含有度)kg.=keg,kilogramme笑,公斤K.W.=Kilo Watt 千瓦LL/A=Letter of Authorization 授权书lbs.=pounds 磅L/C=Letter of Credit 信用证L/H=General Letter of Hypothecation 质押权利总股定书L/I=Letter of Indemnity赔偿保证书L/G=Letter of Guarantee 保证函l.t.=long ton 长吨(2,240磅)L/T=Letter Telegram 书信电报Ltd.=Limited 有限责任L/U=Letter of Undertaking 承诺书Mm.=mile,metre,mark,month,minute,merid ian(noon)哩,公尺,记号,月,分,中午m/d=month after date 出票后……月付款memo.=memorandum 备忘录M.I.P.=marine insurance policy 海上保险单misc.=miscellaneous杂项M/L=more or less增或减M/N=Minimum最低额MO=Money Order拨款单,汇款单,汇票m/s=months after sight见票后……月付款m.s.=mail steamer,mail transfer油船,轮船M.T.=metric ton,mail transfer公吨,信汇M/T=Mail Transfer信汇m.v.=motor vessel轮船NN.B.=Nota Bene(take notice)注意NO.=number号码n/p=non-payment拒付Nt.Wt=Net Weight净重OO.=Order定单，定货O.B/L=Order bill of lading指示式提单O.C.P.=Overland Common Point通常陆上运输可到达地点O/C=Outward Collection出口托收OD.=Overdraft透支O/d=overdraft,on demand透支，要求即付款（票据）O/No.=order number定单编号o.p.=open policy预约保单O/R=Outward Remittance汇出汇款ORT=ordinary telegram 寻常电报o/s=on sale,out of stock廉售，无存货O/S=old style老式o.t.=old term旧条件oz=ounce盎斯PP/A，p/a=particular average单独海损pa=power of attorney 委任状=private account私人账户p.a.=per annum(by the year)每年p.c.=per cent,petty cash百分比,零用金p.l.=partial loss分损P.&I.=Protection and Indemnity意外险P.&L.=profit and loss 益损P.M.O.=postal money order邮政汇票P/N=promissory note本票P.O.B.=postal office box邮政信箱p.o.d.=payment on delivery交货时付款P.O.D.=Pay on Delivery发货付款P/O=Payment Order支付命令P/R=parcel receipt邮包收据prox.=proximo(next month)下月PS.=postscript再启pt.=pint品脱P.T.O.=please turn over请看里面PTL=private tieline service电报专线业务Qqlty=quality品质qr=quarter四分之一qty=quantity数量quotn=quotation报价单qy=quay码头Rrecd=received收讫recpt=receipt收据ref.=reference参考,关于RFWD=rain,fresh water damage雨水及淡水险remit.=remittance汇款r.m.=ready money,readymade备用金,现成的RM=Remittance汇款R.O.=remittance Order汇款委托书R.P.=reply paid,returnof post邮下或电费预付,请即会示rt.=rate率SS.A.=-Statement of Account账单s.a.=subject to approval以承认(赞成,批准)为条件S/C=sale contract售货合同S/D=sight draft即期汇票S/D=sea damage海水损害SD.=Sundries杂项SE.=Securities抵押品S/N=shipping note装运通知S.O.s.o.=shipping order,seller’s option装船通知书,卖方有权选择S/S,s/s,ss,s.s=steamship轮船s.t.=short ton短吨TT/A=telegraphic address电报挂号tgm=telegram电报T.L.O.=total loss only只担保全损(分损不赔)T.M.O.=telegraphic money order电报汇款T.R.=trust receipt信托收据T.T.=telegraphic transfer电汇TPND=theft,pilferage and nondelivery盗窃遗失条款Uult.=ultimo(last month)上月u/w=underwriter保险业者Vvoy.=voyage航次V.V.=Vice Versa反之亦然Ww.a.=with average水渍险(单独海损赔偿) war=with risk担保一切险W/B=way bill warehouse book货运单,仓库簿wgt=weight重量whf=wharf码头W/M=weight or measurement重量或容量w.p.a.=with particular average单独海损赔偿W.R.=War Risk战争险W.R.=warehouse receipt仓单wt=weight重量Xx.d.=ex dividend除息XX=good quality良好品质XXX=very good quality甚佳品质XXXX=best quality最佳品质Yyd.=yard码yr.=your,year你的，年ZZ=Zone地区，地带。