2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)

2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:In this task,you are to write an essay on the necessity of developing social skills for college students.You will have30minutes for the task.You should write at least120 words but no more than180words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）,B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Part of its dam wall collapsed.B)It released a lot of harmful gases.C)It was destroyed by an earthquake.D)Some miners were trapped underground.2.A)It posed a safety threat to the miners.B)It caused damage too heavy to assess.C)It brought the mine’s operations to a halt.D)It was followed by two more earthquakes.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)It prepared beds for all the six new citizens.B)It assigned a team of doctors for each expected baby.C)It made ample preparations for various possibilities.D)It brought in the most advanced instruments.4.A)They had to undergo2-3physical checkups.B)They were all of normal size except the sixth.C)They could go home together with their mother a day later.D)They needed to stay in the hospital for a couple of months.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)It is owned by the local government.B)It has been turned into a public park.C)It has been bought by an American.D)It is a perfect tourist destination.6.A)Its seafood.B)Its unusual coastline.C)Its unspoiled beaches.D)Its architecture.7.A)It has an unmatched location.B)It is worth over18million euros.C)It has beautiful weather all year round.D)It is an ideal place to meet famous stars.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)She has been attending some group classes.B)She has registered for two new gym classes.C)She became a member of the gym two months ago.D)She is entitled to a discount on all the gym exercises.9.A)Considering the promotion of its regular classes.B)Taking measures to expand its exercise programs.C)Recruiting coaches for hot yoga and advanced spinning.D)Offering existing members a discount of two new classes.10.A)She missed the deadline for the10-week course.B)She missed out on the gym’s general discount.C)She didn’t sign up for membership in time.D)She wasn’t so much interested in hot yoga.11.A)She doesn’t want to reveal her card details over the phone.B)She doesn’t think it wise to pay before attending any class.C)She might have to cancel her registration any minute.D)She prefers to have the fee added to her monthly billQuestions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)To make investments.B)To sign a business contract.C)To research new markets.D)To open a new office.13.A)Dubai.B)Beijing.C)Amsterdam.D)Earl’s Court.14.A)Rent a bike for him to get around the town.B)Reserve a meeting room in the head office.C)Help him prepare his presentation.D)Send him a map of the hotel area.15.A)Bring his projector.B)Keep all his receipts.C)Submit his claims form.D)Pay with his credit card.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)Whether a country’s educational level is linked to women’s rights.B)Whether women’s rights are making good progress around the world.C)Whether a country’s protection of women’s rights is related to its public health.D)Whether women’s rights are more often overlooked in less-developed countries.17.A)Their people still have better health if women’s rights are respected.B)They must make efforts to increase women’s access to health care.C)Their people tend to attach importance to women’s rights.D)They need to invest more in hospital staff and facilities.18.A)Their link with a country’s public health.B)Their potential impact on social progress.C)Their value to a country’s international image.D)Their positive effect on economic development.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)It creates a wonderful setting for dating.B)It may cause strange physical reactions.C)It turns parks into picnic sites.D)It may result in a crowded beach.20.A)Breathing difficulty.B)Bad breath.C)Excessive sweating.D)High blood pressure.21.A)It protects people against bacteria.B)It enables people to build up endurance.C)It accelerates people’s blood circulation.D)It provides people with extra energy.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)They are more likely to win in combat sports.B)They are in the minority among the population.C)They have a higher chance of joining sports teams.D)They have more disadvantages in getting ahead.23.A)Their brain is more powerful than that of right-handed people.B)The left side of their brain is more powerful than its right side.C)They tend to be a lot more aggressive than right-handed people.D)Their brain has a stronger connection between its two sides.24.A)They have a larger brain.B)It still remains unknown.C)It is related to their genes.D)They are better at reasoning.25.A)Teach them how to perform tasks with their right hand.B)Help them fully develop their mathematical abilities.C)Encourage them to play fast-paced interactive sports.D)Advise them to choose jobs that require quick reactionsPart III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Researchers,writing in the journal Heart,pooled data from23studies and found that social isolation or feelings of loneliness were tied to an increased risk of coronary heart disease(冠心病)and strokes.The studies included data from181,006men and women ages18and over.There were4,628 coronary events and3,002strokes in follow-up periods26from three to21years. Three of the papers27loneliness,18looked at social isolation and two included both. Social isolation and loneliness were determined with questionnaires;the researchers depended on medical records and death28for determining coronary events and strokes.The scientists found that loneliness and social isolation increased the29risk of having a heart attack or a death from heart disease by29percent,and the risk of stroke by32 percent.There were no30between men and women.“People have tended to focus from a policy point of view on31lonely people to make them more32,”said the lead author,Nicole K.Valtorta,a research fellow at the University of York in England.“Our study33that if this is a risk factor,then we should be trying to prevent the risk factor in the first place.”The authors34that this was a review of observational studies and did not35 cause and effect.A)acknowledge F)establish K)producesB)certificates G)formats L)rangingC)connected H)measured M)relativeD)demonstrates I)narrow N)submittingE)differences J)permanent O)targetingSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.The hidden costs colleges don’t want you to know aboutA)This fall,thousands of college students from across the country will begin theirundergraduate studies at colleges around the nation.They will inevitably pack too much to fit in their tiny dorm rooms.They will also carry with them a huge student loan debt,in addition to countless“hidden”out-of-pocket costs paid for by their bank accounts and the bank accounts of their families.B)At my well-respected,private,four-year university in Washington,D.C.,which boasts ayearly tuition of$44,046not including room and board,I receive over$57,000yearly in financial aid.As a student from a family that is struggling to make ends meet,my financial aid package is a combination of federal grants and federal work study,university merit scholarships and financial aid awards,and about$8,000yearly in federally subsidized(有补贴的)and unsubsidized loans.On paper,my expenses and my financial aid just about even out.Off paper,they don’t.C)Universities today are in the business of making money,and mine is no exception.Theyhit me right out of gate with a$160fee to attend my freshman orientation,a price which does not include the cost of travel to and from the District.Almost every class has an associated fee not included in the cost of tuition,most between$40and$100.Fees for lab science classes are the highest,and all students at my university are required to take at least one lab before they graduate.Buying a laptop proved a necessity and,thankfully,a relative bought me one as a gift.Renting a mini-fridge for my dorm room costs my roommates and me about$140a year.D)Schools will charge you whatever they can.The costs of any damage to the dorm,including elevators,bathrooms,and common areas,are billed to every person on a dorm floor,or even the entire building if they do not know who caused the damage.After I fell out of my bed twice during my freshman year,the university installed a railing—for$20, billed to my student account.My financial aid did not anticipate any of the costs and so it did not cover them.E)An Internet search of“hidden costs”of college turns up a host of articles on parent-centered websites on the college application process.These articles are almost always geared towards upper-and middle-class families.For students already struggling to pay tuition,these costs may be the least of their worries.F)So what hidden costs should low-income students really be paying attention to?My college experience offers a few examples.G)If you are a low-income student who will be attending school out-of-state,make sure youknow if you can use your state benefits,such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program,or SNAP.It wasn’t until after I had accepted admission to an out-of-state school that I learned that I could not use my Ohio Medicaid on campus for anything other than emergency care.My benefits became invalid the second I moved out of Ohio.After my freshman year,I had to opt for the school’s insurance plan,which costs around$2,000a year.Even if your school offers a flat-rate fee for a doctor’s appointment at the student health center(mine is$20a visit),these fees often do not include extra fees for lab tests or prescription medications(药物).H)If you plan on paying off bills in your student account with a credit card,be aware of anyadditional costs.My school charges an additional fee for the use of a credit card to settle outstanding charges,which can add upwards of3%of the balance to your bill.I)There is another depressing reality hidden within even the largest financial aid packages:Colleges often offer the most generous packages during freshman year as a way to attract new students.My family was careful to ask about the chances of financial aid being taken away after my freshman year.We were assured that,except for low grades or a raise in family income,no money would be taken away.We did not know to ask—and the school did not readily point out—that even if tuition rises,my financial aid package will stay the same.So when my university voted to raise tuition costs3%at the end of my freshman year,my financial aid package remained the same and I was suddenly responsible for an additional$1,200for the next year.The university administration will likely vote to raise costs at least once more before my graduation.J)Yes,I chose to attend an expensive university far from my hometown.Yes,there were cheaper options.But there are promising students from struggling families across the nation who should not rule out their dream schools entirely.All things considered,I am paying significantly less than the ticket price of my university,and having an educational experience in Washington,D.C.,that I would not have had anywhere else.As a low-income student from a down-and-out Rust Belt community,these educational experiences have enormous potential to brighten my future—and my family’s future.K)The key is to make sure that students and their families understand that hidden costs exist, and that they may prove problematic.Fill out a more comprehensive checklist,and be wary of listed prices that seem too low.Understand just how complicated the financial aid process is.L)Students and families must also understand their ability to self-advocate.They should not pay student bills or excess fees blindly.If something does not look right,ask about it.If it still doesn’t look right,negotiate it.In cases where parents are working multiple jobs,are less knowledgeable about college bureaucracies,have limited English language skills,orare not contributing financially to their child’s education,the burden of self-advocacy will fall on the student.I understand the difficulty,and the embarrassment.But it is necessary. M)In the grand scheme of things,however,colleges also must come to understand that the hidden fees they ask for may prove unmanageable for the very kinds of low-income or first-generation students they are trying desperately to attract.36.Students’financial aid remains unchanged even when tuition rises.37.Students may not be able to enjoy their state benefits when they go to college out of the state.38.The financial aid the author receives is supposed to cover all her college expenses.39.When the person who damages dorm facilities is not identified,students are required to share the cost.40.Though it is difficult and embarrassing,students should make inquiries about what fees they have to pay and why.41.Today,many Americans have to go to college on student loans.42.Receiving education in a private university in the nation’s capital may change the author’s future life and that of her family’s.43.Students may no longer be qualified for financial aid if they perform poorly in school or if their family income has increased.44.In addition to tuition,college students have to pay extra fees for the courses they take.45.Some schools charge students a fee to their student accounts for using credit cards to pay billsSection CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.To write his2010book,The5-Factor World Diet,nutritionist Harley Pasternak traveled to the healthiest countries around the world to learn more about what made their meals extra nourishing.He noted that Japanese people ate a wonderful variety of seaweeds,and that Chinese people tried to include at least five different colors in every meal.Pasternak also came away with some valuable observations about how different the North American way of life was, compared with many other countries.For starters,Americans eat much bigger portions than people in other countries.“We don’t prioritize eating seasonally or locally,and we also add lots of salt,sugar and thickening agents to our foods,”explained Pasternak.Contrast that to the healthy Mediterranean,Nordicand Okinawan diets listed in Pasternak’s book.They all seem to stick to the ethos(特质)of regional,seasonal produce.For example,a traditional Mediterranean diet includes fruits,vegetables,whole grains, nuts and olive oil as the main components of nutritional intake.Fish,chicken and red wine make moderate appearances,while red meat,salt and sugar are used much less often.The benefits of a traditional Mediterranean diet have been studied since the1970s,and researchers have found that living that olive oil life can help people lose weight,lower their heart disease risk and reverse diabetes.Most other healthy eating cultures also make meals an event—say,multiple courses around the family table,or a glass or two of red wine at a long lunch—as opposed to hastily wolfing down handfuls of cereal above the kitchen sink and calling it dinner.Each of the healthy eating cultures has its own unique feature.But Pasternak did take note of one unifying factor in all of the healthy societies he observed.“The only overlapping feature in most of these healthy countries is that they all walk way more than the average American,”said Pasternak,“So really,regardless of what you’re eating,if someone’s walking four miles more than you each day,they’re going to be a lot thinner and live a lot longer than you.”46.What characterizes Japanese and Chinese foods?A)Variety.B)Flavor.C)Color.D)Naturalness.47.What is typical of Americans in the way of eating?A)They emphasize nutrition.B)They tend to eat quite a lot.C)They prioritize convenience.D)They care about flavors.48.What features in Mediterranean,Nordic and Okinawan diets?A)Fruits and vegetables.B)Olive oil and red wine.C)Seasonal local produce.D)Unprocessed ingredients.49.What do people in most healthy eating cultures have in common?A)They get the whole family to eat at a table.B)They eat their meals regularly and punctually.C)They consume plenty of cereal for breakfast.D)They attach great importance to their meals.pared with the average American,people in healthy societies______.A)walk at least4miles a dayB)do considerably more walkingC)pay more attention to body shapeD)consume a lot more organic foodPassage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Recognizing when a friend or colleague feels sad,angry or surprised is key to getting along with others.But a new study suggests that being sensitive to people’s feelings may sometimes come with an extra dose of stress.This and other research challenge the prevailing view that emotional intelligence is uniformly beneficial to its bearer.In a study,psychologist Myriam Bechtoldt of the Frankfurt School of Finance and Management in Germany asked166male university students a series of questions to measure their emotional intelligence.For example,they showed the students photographs of people’s faces and asked them to what extent feelings such as happiness or disgust were being expressed.The students then had to give job talks in front of judges who displayed serious facial expressions.The scientists measured concentrations of stress hormones in the students’saliva(唾液)before and after the talk.In students who were rated more emotionally intelligent,the stress measures increased more during the experiment and took longer to go back to baseline.The findings suggest that some people may be too emotionally clever for their own good,says Bechtoldt.“Sometimes you can be so good at something that it causes trouble,”she notes.Indeed,the study adds to previous research hinting at a dark side of emotional intelligence.A study published in2002in Personality and Individual Differences suggested that emotionally perceptive people might be particularly influenced by feelings of depression and hopelessness.Furthermore,several studies have implied that emotional intelligence can be used to manipulate others for personal gains.More research is needed to see how exactly the relation between emotional intelligence and stress would play out in women and in people of different ages and education levels. Nevertheless,emotional intelligence is a useful skill to have,as long as you learn to also properly cope with emotions—both others’and your own,says Bechtoldt.For example,some sensitive individuals may assume responsibility for other people’s sadness or anger,which ultimately stresses them out.Remember,as Bechtoldt says,“you are not responsible for how other people feel.”51.What is the finding of the new study?A)Emotional intelligence helps people get along with others.B)Emotional intelligence is generally beneficial to its bearer.C)People who are aware of others’feelings may experience more stress.D)People who are emotionally stressed may have trouble making friends.52.What was the purpose of psychologist Myriam Bechtoldt’s experiment?A)To define different types of human feelings.B)To assess the impacts of being emotionally clever.C)To demonstrate how to distinguish different feelings.D)To identify gender differences in emotional intelligence.53.What does the finding of Myriam Bechtoldt’s study indicate?A)Greater emotional cleverness means less trouble in one’s life.B)Emotional intelligence helps people succeed in job interviews.C)People’s psychological wellbeing is related to various factors.D)People may suffer from having a high emotional intelligence.54.What do we learn about emotional intelligence from a number of studies?A)People suffering from depression are emotionally immature.B)People who look at the dark side of life often feel depressed.C)Some people may take advantage of it and benefit themselves.D)Some people may lack it and are easily manipulated by others.55.What does the author suggest sensitive individuals do?A)Avoid burdening themselves with others’feelings.B)Rid themselves of worries over worldly affairs.C)Learn to cope with people’s negative feelings.D)Help people to deal with their troubles in life.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.立春（Start of Spring）在中国农历中表示春天的开始。

2020年12月英语四级真题及答案第二套(网络整理版)2020年12月英语四级真题及答案第二套2020年12月的英语四级考试已经结束，考生们迫不及待地想要知道真题及答案。

以下是网络整理版的2020年12月英语四级真题及答案第二套，希望能为大家提供参考。

听力部分（略）阅读部分（略）第一节翻译1. 答案：In the past few years, an increasing number of college students have been involved in part-time jobs. This phenomenon has aroused wide public concern.2. 答案：The rapid development of information technology has brought about many changes in people's lifestyles and work patterns. More and more people choose to work from home.3. 答案：It is universally acknowledged that environmental protection is crucial to our existence. As a result, many countries have implemented measures to reduce pollution and promote sustainable development.4. 答案：The government has introduced a series of policies to encourage innovation and entrepreneurship among young people. This has resulted in a significant increase in the number of startups in recent years.第二节阅读理解5. 答案：C. The growing popularity of paid paternity leave.6. 答案：A. The importance of early intervention in language development.7. 答案：D. The need for parents to help their children develop good study habits.8. 答案：B. By reducing job positions and cutting costs.9. 答案：C. The role of sleep in memory consolidation.10. 答案：A. Using mobile devices to deliver personalized learning experiences.11. 答案：D. The potential negative effects of excessive exposure to artificial lighting.12. 答案：A. People feel more relaxed when they are surrounded by plants.第三节完形填空13. 答案：B. citizens14. 答案：A. committed15. 答案：C. gain16. 答案：B. diverse17. 答案：A. difference18. 答案：C. supplement19. 答案：D. creating20. 答案：B. addressed21. 答案：D. accomplish22. 答案：A. measures23. 答案：C. potential24. 答案：A. enhance25. 答案：B. access26. 答案：D. correspondingly27. 答案：C. available28. 答案：B. opportunity29. 答案：A. simple30. 答案：C. achieve写作部分第一节作文近年来，网购在我国迅速发展，改变了人们的消费方式。

201612月大学英语四级第二套真题和答案解析(总16页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--2016年12月大学英语四级试题（第二套）Part I Writing （30minutes）（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section， you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C）. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) To satisfy the curiosity of tourists. C) To enable tourists to visit GoatIsland.B) To replace two old stone bridges. D) To improve utility services in the state2. A) Countless tree limbs. C) Lots of wrecked boats and ships.B) A few skeletons. D) Millions of coins on the bottom. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard3. A)It suspended diplomatic relations with Libya.B)It urged tourists to leave Tunisia immediately.C)It shut down two border crossings with Libya.D)It launched a fierce attack against Islamic State.4. A) Advise Tunisian civilians on how to take safety precautions.B)Track down the organization responsible for the terrorist attack.C)Train qualified security personnel for the Tunisian government.D)Devise a monitoring system on the Tunisian border with Libya.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) An environment-friendly battery. C) A plant-powered mobile phone charger.B) An energy-saving mobile phone. D) A device to help plants absorb sunlight.6. A) While sitting in their school's courtyard. C) While solving a mathematical problem.B) While playing games on their phones. D) While doing a chemical experiment.7. A)It increases the applications of mobile phonesB)It speeds up the process of photosynthesis.C)It improves the reception of mobile phones.D)It collects the energy released by plants.Section BDirections: In this section，you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from four choice marked A），B），C） and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter an Answer sheet1 with a single line though the centre.Question8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He visited the workshops in the Grimsby plant.B) He called the woman and left her a message.C)He used stand-ins as replacements on all lines.D)He asked a technician to fix the broken production line.9. A)Itis the most modern production line. C)It has stopped working completelyB)It assembles super-intelligent robots. D)It is going to be upgraded soon.10. A) To seek her permission. C) To request her to return at once.B) To place an order for robots. D) To ask for Tom's phone number.11. A) She is on duty. C) She is on sick leave.B) She is having her day off. D) She is abroad on business.Question12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) He saved a baby boy's life. C) He prevented a train crash.B) He wanted to be a superhero. D) He was a witness to an accident13. A) He has a 9-month-old boy. C) He enjoys the interview.B) He is currently unemployed. D) He commutes by subway.14. A) A rock on the tracks. C) A strong wind.B) A misplaced pushchair. D) A speeding car.15. A) She stood motionless in shock. C) She called the police at once.B) She cried bitterly. D) She shouted for help.Section CDirections：In this section，you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage，you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C） and D）.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) She inherited her family ice-cream business in Billings.B)She loved the ice-cream business more than teaching primary school.C)She started an ice-cream business to finance her daughter's education.D)She wanted to have an ice-cream truck when she was a little girl.17. A)To preserve a tradition. C)To help local education.B)To amuse her daughter. D)To make some extra money.18. A)To raise money for business expansion. C)To allow poor kids to have ice-cream too.B)To make her truck attractive to children. D)To teach kids the value of mutual supportQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A)The reasons for imposing taxes. C)The various burdens on ordinary citizens.B)The various serious money can buy.D)The function of money in the modern world.20. A)Educating and training citizens. C)Protecting people’s life and property.C)Improving public translation. D)Building hospitals and public libraries.21. A)By asking for donations. C)By selling government bonds.B)By selling public lands. D)By exploiting natural resources.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A)It is located at the center of the European continent.B)It relies on tourism as its chief source of revenues.C)It contains less than a square mile of land.D)It is surrounded by France on three sides.23. A)Its beauty is frequently mentioned in American media.B)Its ruler Prince Rainier married an American actress.C)It is where many American movies are shot.D)It is a favorite place Americans like to visit.24. A) Tobacco. B) Potatoes. C) Machinery. D) Clothing25. A)European history. C) Small countries in Europe.B)European geography. D) Tourist attractions in Europe.PARTⅢ Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section， there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The ocean is heating up. That's the conclusion of a new study that finds that Earth's oceans now (26)heat at twice the rate they did 18 years ago. Around half of ocean heat intake since 1865 has taken place since 1997, researchers report online in Nature Climate Change.Warming waters are known to (27)to coral bleaching(珊瑚白化) and they take up more space than cooler waters, raising sea (28). While the top of the ocean is studied, its depths are more difficult to (29)The researchers gathered 150 years of ocean temperature data in order to get better (30)of heat absorption from surface to seabed. They gathered together temperature readings collected by everything from a 19th century (31)of British naval ships to modern automated ocean probes. The extensive data sources, (32)with computer simulations(计算机模拟), created a timeline of oceantemperature changes, including cooling from volcanic outbreaks and warming from fossil fuel (33).About 35 percent of the heat taken in by the oceans during the industrial era now residents at a (34)of more than 700 meters, the researchers found. They say they're (35)whether the deep-sea warming canceled out warming at the sea's surface.Section BDirections：In this section， you are gonging to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2.The Secret to Raising Smart Kids[A] I first began to investigate the basis of human motivation-and how people persevere after setbacks-as a psychology graduate student at Yale University in the 1960s. Animal experiments by psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania had shown that after repeated failures, most animals conclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond their control. After such an experience an animal often remains passive even when it can effect change-a state they called learned helplessness.[B]People can learn to be helpless, too. Why do some students give up when encounter difficulty, whereas others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learnOne answer, I soon discovered, lay in people’s beliefs about why they had failed.[C] In particular, attributing poor performance to a lack of ability depresses motivation more than does the belief that lack of effort is to blame. When I told a group of school children who displayed helpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned to keep trying when the problems got tough. Another group of helpless children who were simply rewarded for their success on easier problems did not improve their ability to solve harm math problems. These experiments indicated that a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and generate success.[D] Later, I developed a broader theory of what separates the two general classes of learners-helpless versus mastery-oriented. I realized these different types of students not only explain their failures differently, but they also hold different “theories” of intelligence. The helpless ones believe intelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and that's that. I call this a "fixed mind-set(思维模式)."Mistakes crack their self-confidence because they attribute errors to a lack of ability, which they feel powerless to change. They avoid challenges because challenges make mistakes more likely. The mastery-orient children, on the other hand, think intelligence is not fixed and can be developed through education and hard work. Such children believe challenges are energizing rather than intimidating (令人生畏);they offer opportunities to learn. Students with such a growth mind-set were destined(注定)for great academic success and were quite likely to outperform their counterparts.[E] We validated these expectations in a study in which two other psychologists and I monitored 373 student for two years during the transition to junior high school, when the work gets more difficult and the grading more strict, to determine how their mind-sets might affect their math grades. At the beginning of seventh grade, we assessed the students' mind-sets by asking them to agree or disagree with statements such as "Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can't really change." We then assessed their beliefs about other aspects of learning and looked to see what happened to their grades.[F] As predicted, the students with a growth mind-set felt that learning was more important goal than getting good grades. In addition, they held hard work in high regard, They understood that even geniuses have to work hard. Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade, students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different strategy. The students who held a fixed mind-set, however, were concerned about looking smart with less regard for learning. They had negative views of effort, believing that having to work hard was a sign of low ability. They thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard to do well. Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with a fixed mind-set said that would study less in the future, try never to take that subject again and consider cheating on future tests.[G] Such different outlook had a dramatic impact on performance. At the start of junior high, the math achievement test scores of the students with a growth mind-set were comparable to the those of students who displayed a fixed mind-set. But as the workbecame more difficult, the students with a growth mind-set showed greater persistence. As a result, their math grades overtook those of the other students by the end of the first semester-and the gap between the two groups continued to widen during the two years we followed them.[H] A fixed mind-set can also hinder communication and progress in the workplace and discourage or ignore constructive criticism and advice. Research shows that managers who have a fixed mind-set are less likely to seek or welcome feedback from their employees than are managers with a growth mind-set.[I] How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work. For instance, talking about mathematical geniusesWho were more or less born that way puts students in a fixed mind-set, but mathematicians who fell in love with math and developed amazing skills produce a growth mind-set.[J] In addition, parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instruction regarding the mind as a learning machine, I designed an eight-session workshop for 91 students whose math grades were declining in their first year of junior high. Forty-eight of the students received instruction in study skills only, whereas the others attended a combination of study skills sessions and classes in which they learned about the growth mind-set and how to apply it to schoolwork. In the growth mind-set classes, students read and discussed an article entitled “You Can Grow Your Brain.” They were taught that the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and that learning prompts thebrain to grow new connections. From such instruction, many students began to see themselves as agents of their own brain development. Despite being unaware that there were two types of instruction, teachers reported significant motivational changes in 27% of the children in the growth mind-set workshop as compared with only 9% of students in the control group.[K]Research is converging(汇聚)on the conclusion that great accomplishment and even genius is typically the result of years of passion and dedication and not something that flows naturally from a gift.author's experiment shows that students with a fixed mind-set believe having to work hard is an indication of low ability.on effort is effective in helping children overcome frustration and achieve success.can cultivate a growth mind-set in children by telling success stories that emphasize hard work love of learning.’ belief about the cause of their failure explains their attitude toward setbacks.t he author’s experiment, student with a growth mind-set showed greater perseverance in solving difficult math problems.author conducted an experiment to find out about the influence of students’ mind-sets on math learning.failing again and again, most animals give up hope.students about the brain as a learning machine is a good strategy to enhance their motivation for learning.with a fixed mind-set believe that one’s intelligence is unchangeable.the workplace, feedback may not be so welcome to managers with a fixed mind-set. Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section .Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices maked A），B），C）and D）.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage."Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote, "are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation."Two and a half centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico's taxation found a fall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales if untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action. Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure to demonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty.Over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its offerings. For example, some drink manufactures have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages.Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. More recently, however.Some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.While reformulating recipes(配方)is one way to improve public health, it should be part of a multi-sided approach. The key is to remember thatthere is not just one solution. To deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches-including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes-will be needed. There is no silver bullet.46. What did Adam Smith say about sugar, alcohol and tobacco?A)They were profitable to manufacture.B)They were in ever-increasing demand.C)They were subject to taxation almost everywhere.D)They were no longer considered necessities of life.have many countries started to consider taxing sugar?A)They are under growing pressures to balance their national budgets.B)They find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems.C)They practice of taxing alcohol and tobacco has proved both popular and profitable.D)The sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods?A)It did not work out as well as was expected.B)It gave rise to a lot of problems on the border.C)It could not succeed without German cooperation.D)It met with firm opposition from the food industry.is the more recent effort by food companies to make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty?A)Replacing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients.B)Setting a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in their products.C)Investing in research to find ways to adapt to consumers' needs.D)Adjusting the physical composition of their products.does the author mean by saying, at the end of the passage, "There is no silver bullet"(Line 4, Para 7)A)There is no single easy quick solution to the problem.B)There is no hope of success without public cooperation.C)There is on hurry in finding ways to solve the obesity problem.D)There is no effective way to reduce people's sugar consumption.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cotton balls to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds after they step off the runway.Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy for decades, and two researchers say a model's body mass should be a workspace health and safety issue. In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry.The average international runway model has a body mass index (BMI) under 16-low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization's standard. And Record and Austin are worried not just about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence."Especially girls and tens", says Record. "Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that they define perfect body image based on what they see in magazines." That's especially worrying, she says, given that anorexia(厌食症)results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.It's commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners. Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders resulting from occupational demands to maintain extreme thinness.Record's suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18.In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model's weight. Agents and fashion houses who hire models with BMI under 18 could pay $82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail. Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won't be easy, Record says. But with the new rules in France, . support could make a difference. "A designer can't survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week", she says, adding, "Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week."do Record and Austin say about fashion models' body mass?A)It has caused needless controversy.B)It is focus of the modeling business.C)It is but a matter of personal taste.D)It affects models' health and safety.are Record and Austin advocating in the Monday editorial?A)A change in the public's view of female beauty.B)Government legislation about models' weight.C)Elimination of forced weight loss by models.D)Prohibition of models eating non-food stuff.are Record and Austin worried about the low body mass index of models?A)It contributes to many mental illnesses.B)It defines the future of the fashion industry.C)It has great influence on numerous girls and women.D)It keeps many otherwise qualified women off the runaway.54. What do we learn about France's fashion industry?A)It has difficulty hiring models.B)It has now a new law to follow.C)It allows girls under 18 on the runway.D)It has overtaken that of the United States.55. What does Record expect of New York Fashion Week?A)It will create a completely new set of rules.B)It will do better than Paris Fashion Week.C)It will differ from Paris Fashion Week.D)It will have models with a higher BMI.Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions：For this part， you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English .You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。

2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题完整版(第二套)Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to teach English in China. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A)Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer.B) It found its way back to the park’s zoo.C) It became a great attraction for tourists.D) It was sent to the animal control department.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It is the largest of its kind.B) It is going to be expanded.C) It is displaying more fossil specimens.D) It is staring an online exhibition.4. A)A collection of bird fossils from Australia.B) Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.D) Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Pick up trash.B) Amuse visitors.C) Deliver messages.D) Play with children.6. A) They are especially intelligent.B) They are children’s favorite.C They are quite easy to tame.D) They are clean and pretty.7. A) Children may be harmed by the rooks.B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.C) Children may contract bird diseases.D) Children may overfeed the rooks. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University.B) It will be hosted by famous professors.C) It will cover different areas of science.D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.9. A)It will be more futuristic.B) It will be more systematic.C) It will be more entertaining.D) It will be easier to understand.10. A) People interested in science.B) Youngsters eager to explore.C) Children in their early teens.D) Students majoring in science.11. A) Offer professional advice.B) Provide financial support.C) Help promote it on the Internet.D) Make episodes for its first season.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Unsure.B) Helpless.C) Concerned.D) Dissatisfied.13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect.B) He loses heart when faced with setbacks.C) He is too ambitious in achieving goals.D) He takes on projects beyond his ability.14. A) Embarrassed.B) Unconcerned.C) Miserable.D) Resentful.15. A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens.B) Compare his present with his past only.C) Always learn from others’ achievements.D) Treat others the way he would be treated.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.C) They are more likely to become engineers.D) They have greater potential to be leaders.17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.c) Insist that boys and girls work together more.D) Respond more positively to boys’ comments.18. A) Offer personalized teaching materials.B) Provide a variety of optional courses.C) Place great emphasis on test scores.D) Pay extra attention to top students.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It often rains cats and dogs.B) It seldom rains in summer time.C) It does not rain as much as people think.D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.20. A) They drive most of the time.B) The rain is usually very light.C) They have got used to the rain.D) The rain comes mostly at night.21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.B) It has never seen thunder and lighting.C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.B) It results from exerting one’s muscles continuously.C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.D) It comes from staining one’s muscles in an unusual way.23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.B) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.C) They begin to make repairs immediately.D) They gradually become fragmented.24. A) About one week.B) About two days.C) About ten days.D) About four weeks.25. A) Apply muscle creams.B) Drink plenty of water.C) Have a hot shower.D) Take pain-killers.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section AFinally, some good news about airplane traverl. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the 26 of a new study that looked at how respiratory(呼吸道)viruses 27 on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in individual – had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very 28 chance of getting sick ,according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented 29 information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore , these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less 30 to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.Prior to the new study, litter was known about the risks of getting 31 infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So,to 32 the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different 33 in the U.S. 34 side of a person infected with flu, as well as those sitting one roe in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 person chance of getting sick. But other passengers were 35 safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.A) accurateB) conclusionC) directlyD) eitherE) evaluateF) explorationsG) flightsH) largelyI) nearbyJ) respondK) slimL) spreadM) summitN) vividlyO) vulnerableSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.A South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its ownA) Getting around a city is one thing - and then ther e’s the matter of getting from one city to another. One vision of the perfect city of the future: a place that offers easy access to air travel.In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses “rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.”B) “The 18th century really was a waterborne (水运的) century, the 19th century a rail century. the 20th century a highway, car, truck century一and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomesincreasingly connected by air,”Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda’s prime examples. It has existed for just a few years.“ From the get-go, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness,”says Kasada. “The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built in tandem with the new airport.”C) Songdo is a stone’s throw from South Korea’s Incheon Airport, its main international hub (枢纽). But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an “international business district”doesn’t mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived (构想)this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. “I am a visionary,”he says. Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park’s baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36.000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It’s about an hour outside Seoul, built on reclaimed tidal flats along the Ye llow Sea, There’s a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and university.D) Chances are you’ve actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come ou of South Korea. “Gangnam Style” r efers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo.“I don’t know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway station. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo,” says Jung Won Son, a professor of urbande velopment at London’s Bartlett School of Planning, “Part of the reason to shoot there is that it’s new and nice.”E) The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the world. But hat’s not how it has turned out. Songd o’s reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there’s a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there’s a Sta rbucks and a 7-Eleven--all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.F) The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing strollers,old women with walkers -- even in the middle of the day. when it’s 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city 一more popular as a residential area than a business one. It’s not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined. “It’s a great place to live. And it’s becoming a great place to work,”says Scott Summers, the vice president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company’s offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of kayaks and paddle boats. Shimmering (闪烁的)glass towe rs line the canal’s edge.G) “What’s happened is, because we focused on creating that quality of life first, which enabled the residents to live here, what has probably missed the mark is for companies to locate here,” he says. “There needs to be strong economic incentives.”The city is still unfinished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn’t feel all that futuristic. There’s a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody’s television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.H) But Star Trek this is not. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. “I’m, like, in prison for weekdays. That’s what we call it in the workplace,” says a woman in her 20s. She doesn’t want to use her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. “I say I’m prison-breaking on Friday nights.” B ut she has to make the prison break in her own car. There’s no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.I) The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated. too. Park says he built South Korea a luxury vehicle, “like Mercede s or BMW. It’s a good car now. But we’re waiting for a good driver to accelerate.”But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The worldis dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companiesJ) Songdo’s backers contend that it’s still early, and business space is filling up-about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. “There have been a lot of utopian (乌托邦的) cities in history. And the reason we don’t know about a lot of them is that a lot of them have vanished entirely.”In other words, when it comes to cities-or anything else-it is hard to predict the future.36. Songdo’s popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.37. The man who conceives Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.38. A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.39. Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses toset up shop there.40. Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.41. Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.42. Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.43. A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to international transportation.44. Acording to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what happen in the future.45. Park Yeon So. Who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税)1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors.Philadelphia’s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the county. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It’s expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.“The tax passed today unfairly singles outbeverages-including low- and no-calorie choices,” sai d Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. “But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.”An industry backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure. characterizing it as a“grocery tax.”Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other plac es,” said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. “Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It’s not just Berkeley’ anymore.”Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?A) It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.B) It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.C) It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.D)It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?A) Bargain with the city council.B) Refuse to pay additional tax.C) Take legal action against it.D) Try to win public support.48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?A) It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.B) It tried to win grocers’ support against the measure.C) It kept sending letters of protest to the media.D) It criticized the measure through advertising.49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?A) Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.B) Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.C) Add to the fund for their research on diseases.D) Benefit low-income people across the country.50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?A) They are becoming rather sensitive issues.B) They are spreading panic in the soda industry.C) They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.D)They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industry. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe’s stock of thesequick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status” items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2-the main greenhouse gas responsible forclimate change-at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. “It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment,” say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour. For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other from of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves arethe most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.51. What is the finding of the new study?A) Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.C) CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.D) The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?A) They are becoming more affordable.B) They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.C) They are getting much easier to operate.D) They take less time to cook than other appliances.53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?A) Cooking food of different varieties.B) Improving microwave users’ habits.C) Eating less to cut energy consumption.D) Using microwave ovens less frequently.54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?A) There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars lessoften.C) The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.D) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?A) It will become less popular in the coming decades.B) It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.C) It plays a positive role in environmental protection.D) It consumes more power than conventional cooking.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes totranslate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。

2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have twooptions upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to agraduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain thereasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180words.Part ⅢReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The ocean is heating up. That's the conclusion of a new study that finds that Earth's oceans now26heat at twice the rate they did 18 years ago. Around half of ocean heat intake since 1865 hastaken place since 1997, researchers report online in Nature Climate Change.Warming waters are known to27 to coral bleaching (珊瑚白化) and they take up more spacethan cooler waters, raising sea28While the top of the ocean is well studied, its depths are moredifficult to 29The researchers gathered 150 years of ocean temperature data in order to get abetter30 of heat absorption from surface to seabed. They gathered together temperature readingscollected by everything from a 19th century31 of British naval ships to modem automated oceanprobes. The extensive data sources,32 with computer simulations ( 计算机模拟), created atimeline of ocean temperature changes, including cooling from volcanic outbreaks and warming fromfossil fuel33About 35 percent of the heat taken in by the oceans during the industrial era now resides at a34 of more than 700 meters, the researchers found. They say they're35whether the deep-seawarming canceled out warming at the sea's surface.A. absorbB. CombinedC. ContributeD. depthE. emissionsF. excursionG. exploreH. floorI. heightsJ. indifferentK. levelsL. mixedM. pictureN. unsureO. voyageSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Secret to Raising Smart KidsA) I first began to investigate the basis of human motivation--and how people persevere aftersetbacks--as a psychology graduate student at Yale University in the 1960s. Animal experiments bypsychologists at the University of Pennsylvania had shown that after repeated failures, most animalsconclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond their control. After such an experience an animaloften remains passive even when it can effect change--a state they called learned helplessness.B) People can learn to be helpless, too. Why do some students give up when they encounter difficulty,whereas others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn? One answer, I soondiscovered, lay in people's beliefs about why they had failed.C) In particular, attributing poor performance to a lack of ability depresses motivation more than doesthe belief that lack of effort is to blame. When I told a group of school children who displayedhelpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned to keep tryingwhen the problems got tough. Another group of helpless children who were simply rewarded fortheir success on easier problems did not improve their ability to solve hard math problems. Theseexperiments indicated that a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and generate success.D) Later, I developed a broader theory of what separates the two general classes of learners--helplessversus mastery-oriented. I realized these different types of students not only explain their failuresdifferently, but they also hold different "theories" of intelligence.The helpless ones believeintelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and that's that. I call this a"fixed mind-set (思维模式). "Mistakes crack their self-confidence because they attribute errors toa lack of ability, which they feel powerless to change. They avoid challenges because challengesmake mistakes more likely. The mastery-oriented children, on the other hand, think intelligence isnot fixed and can be developed through education and hard work. Such children believe challengesare energizing rather than intimidating (令人生畏); they offer opportunities to learn. Studentswith such a growth mind-set were destined (注定) for greater academic success and were quitelikely to outperform their counterparts.E) We validated these expectations in a study in which two other psychologists and I monitored 373students for two years during the transition to junior high school, when the work gets more difficultand the grading more strict, to determine how their mind-sets might affect their math grades. At thebeginning of seventh grade, we assessed the students' mind-sets by asking them to agree or disagreewith statements such as "Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can't reallychange. " We then assessed their beliefs about other aspects of learning and looked to see whathappened to their grades.F) As predicted, the students with a growth mind-set felt that learning was a more important goal thangetting good grades. In addition, they held hard work in high regard. They understood that evengeniuses have to work hard. Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade, studentswith a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different strategy. The students whoheld a fixed mind-set, however, were concerned about looking smart with less regard for learning.They had negative views of effort, believing that having to work hard was a sign of low ability.They thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard to do well.Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with a fixed mind-set said that they wouldstudy less in the future, try never to take that subject again and consider cheating on future tests.G) Such different outlooks had a dramatic impact on performance. At the start of junior high, the mathachievement test scores of the students with a growth mind-set were comparable to those ofstudents who displayed a fixed mind-set. But as the work became more difficult, the students witha growth mind-set showed greater persistence. As a result, their math grades overtook those of theother students by the end of the first semester--and the gap between the two groups continued towiden during the two years we followed them.H) A fixed mind-set can also hinder communication and progress in the workplace and discourage orignore constructive criticism and advice. Research shows that managers who have a fixed mind-setare less likely to seek or welcome feedback from their employees than are managers with a growthmind-set.I) How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories aboutachievements that result from hard work. For instance, talking about mathematical geniuses whowere more or less born that way puts students in a fixed mind-set, but descriptions of greatmathematicians who fell in love with math and developed amazing skills produce a growth mind-set.J) In addition, parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instruction regarding themind as a learning machine. I designed an eight-session workshop for 91 students whose mathgrades were declining in their first year of junior high.Forty-eight of the students receivedinstruction in study skills only, whereas the others attended a combination of study skills sessionsand classes in which they learned about the growth mind-set and how to apply it to schoolwork. Inthe growth mind-set classes, students read and discussed an article entitled "You Can Grow YourBrain. " They were taught that the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and thatlearning prompts the brain to grow new connections. From such instruction, many students beganto see themselves as agents of their own brain development. Despite being unaware that there weretwo types of instruction, teachers reported significant motivational changes in 27% of the childrenin the growth mind-set workshop as compared with only 9% of students in the control group.K) Research is converging (汇聚) on the conclusion that great accomplishment and even genius istypically the result of years of passion and dedication and not something that flows naturally from agift. 36. The author's experiment shows that students with a fixed mind-set believe having to work hard is an indication of low ability.37. Focusing on effort is effective in helping children overcome frustration and achieve success.38. We can cultivate a growth mind-set in children by telling success stories that emphasize hard work and love of learning.39. Students' belief about the cause of their failure explains their attitude toward setbacks.40. In the author's experiment, students with a growth mind-set showed greater perseverance in solving difficult math problems.41. The author conducted an experiment to find out about the influence of students' mind-sets on math learning.42. After failing again and again, most animals give up hope.43. Informing students about the brain as a learning machine is a good strategy to enhance their motivation for learning.44. People with a fixed mind-set believe that one's intelligence is unchangeable.45. In the workplace, feedback may not be so welcome to managers with a fixed mind-set.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. AndD . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage."Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote," are commodities which arenowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and whichare, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation. "Two and a haft centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. Withsurging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the worldhave begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico's taxation found afall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales of untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast,a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims thatconsumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattierfare.The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action.Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure todemonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty.Over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of itsofferings. For example, some drink manufacturers have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages.Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount ofsugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. More recently, however, somecompanies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust thefundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on theinside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.While reformulating recipes ( 配方) is one way to improve public health, it should be part of amulti-sided approach. The key is to remember that there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity,a mixture of approaches--including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes--will beneeded. There is no silver bullet.46. What did Adam Smith say about sugar, alcohol and .tobacco?A. They were profitable to manufacture.B. They were in ever-increasing demand.C. They were subject to taxation almost everywhere.D. They were no longer considered necessities of life.47. Why have many countries started to consider taxing sugar?A. They are under growing pressure to balance their national budgets.B. They find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems.C. The practice of taxing alcohol and tobacco has proved both popular and profitable.D. The sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.48. What do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods?A. It did not work out as well as was expected.B. It gave rise to a lot of problems on the border.C. It could not succeed without German cooperation.D. It met with firm opposition from the food industry.49. What is the more recent effort by food companies to make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty?A. Replacing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients.B. Setting a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in their products.C. Investing in research to find ways to adapt to consumers' needs.D. Adjusting the physical composition of their products.50. What does the author mean by saying, at the end of the passage, "There is no silver bullet" ( Line 4, Para.7)?A. There is no single easy quick solution to the problem.B. There is no hope of success without public cooperation.C. There is no hurry in finding ways to solve the obesity problem.D. There is no effective way to reduce people's sugar consumption.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cottonballs to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds afterthey step off the runway.Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy for decades, and two researchers saya model's body mass should be a workplace health and safety issue. In an editorial released Monday inthe American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case forgovernment regulation of the fashion industry.The average international runway model has a body mass index (BMI) under 16--low enough toindicate starvation by the World Health Organization's standard. And Record and Austin are worried notjust about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence."Especially girls and teens," says Record. "Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that theydefine perfect body image based on what they see in magazines. " That's especially worrying, she says,given that anorexia(厌食症) results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according tothe National Institute of Mental Health.It's commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coalminers. Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders resulting fromoccupational demands to maintain extreme thinness.Record's suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18.In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model's weight. Agents and fashion houseswho hire models with a BMI under 18 could pay $ 82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail.Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won't be easy, Record says. But with the new rulesin France, U.S. support could make a difference. "A designer can't survive without participating inParis Fashion Week", she says, adding," Our argument is that the same would be true of New YorkFashion Week. "51. What do Record and Austin say about fashion models' body mass?A. It has caused needless controversy.B. It is but a matter of personal taste.C. It is the focus of the modeling business.D. It affects models' health and safety.52. What are Record and Austin advocating in the Monday editorial?A. A change in the public's view of female beauty.B. Government legislation about models' weight.C. Elimination of forced weight loss by models.D. Prohibition of models eating non-food stuff.53. Why are Record and Austin especially worried about the low body mass index of models?A. It contributes to many mental illnesses.B. It defines the future of the fashion industry.C. It has great influence on numerous girls and women.D. It keeps many otherwise qualified women off the runway.54. What do we learn about France's fashion industry?A. It has difficulty hiring models.B. It has now a new law to follow.C. It allows girls under 18 on the runway.D. It has overtaken that of the United States.55. What does Record expect of New York Fashion Week?A. It will create a completely new set of rules.B. It will do better than Paris Fashion Week.C. It will differ from Paris Fashion Week.D. It will have models with a higher BMI.Part ⅣTranslation( 30 minutes )Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第一套）Part I Writing （25 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to besthandle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）C) They are only about half an inch thick.D) They are made from cheap materials.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research.B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species.6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance.C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.D) To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.7. A) Lions walking. C) Some camping facilities.B) Lions’ tracks. D) Traps set by local hunters.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark theC) They know when to adopt a tough attitude.D) They take the rival’s attitude into account.13. A) They know how to adapt. C) They know when to make compromises.B) They know when to stop. D) They know how to control their emotion.14. A) They are patient. C) They learn quickly.B) They are good at expression. D) They uphold their principles.15. A) Make clear one's intentions. C) Formulate one's strategy.B) Clarify items of negotiation. D) Get to know the other side.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.B) They enjoyed living a living a life of ease. D) They were known to be creative.21. A) Chatting with her ancestors. C) Polishing all the silver work.B) Furnishing her country house. D) Doing needlework by the fire.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Use a map to identify your location. C) Sit down and try to calm yourself.B) Call your family or friends for help. D) Try to follow your footprints back.23. A) You may find a way out without your knowing it.B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.C) You may get drowned in a sudden flood.D) You may end up entering a wonderland.24. A) Look for food. C) Start a fire.B) Wait patiently. D) Walk uphill.25. A) Inform somebody of your plan. C) Check the local weather.B) Prepare enough food and drink. D) Find a map and a compass.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section Arats the ability to detect __33 smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB（肺结核）. When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is infected.Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.A) associated I) slightB) examine J) specifyC) indicate K) superiorD) nuisance L) suspiciousE) peak M) tipF) preventing N) treatedG) prohibiting O) visualH) sensitiveSection Bthe morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained,“Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.”Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solidknow how to find out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, “I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, butthere is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.”[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personaltest-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, andhe responded.It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two inadvance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her finalexam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “It is going to be apiece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a bluebook in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were givena slice.36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses.38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful toPassage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it whenperformance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques thatA) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphinsD) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.D) She compared the responses of different participants.50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefitsthem most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-evenif that means doing the boring work themselves.This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.A) women tend to be easily satisfiedB) men are generally more persuasiveC) men tend to put their personal interests firstD) women are much more ready to compromise55. What is important to a good leader?A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failureB) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。

年12月大学英语四级真题和答案解析第二套一、阅读理解Passage 1Questions 15B)Increase their flexibility in work arrangements.C)They will have to give up some employeebenefits.D)It provides a flexible work schedule foremployees.A)Traditional work arrangements have lostpopularity.D)They allow employees to choose when andwhere to work.Passage 2Questions 610D)They lack the necessary regulation.C)Governments should step up their regulation ofcryptocurrencies.A)They have become the targets of cyber hackers.B)The risk outweighs the benefits.D)Control the supply of cryptocurrencies. Passage 3Questions 1115A)It is increasingly becoming a luxury product.D)It may have a negative effect on people’smental and emotional health.C)It has become a symbol of prestige.B)They can afford the high price of topC)tier smartphones.A)They will become less willing to switch to newmodels.二、听力理解Section AConversation 1D)Rebate.C)Get a refund.B)She doesn’t like its style.Conversation 2A)Wting for the man.B)Take a seat.D)They will have a meeting on Thursday. Section BPassage 1B)Bad weather condition.C)Special gloves.B)Changes in body temperature.A)Their body temperature fluctuates less.Passage 2C)Bad weather condition.B)Keep Fit Gym.三、翻译Sentence Translationnguage is the carrier of civilization and the bridgeof communication between people.29.The professor agreed to have a face30.to31.face interview with the talented student.32.Although the weather was terrible, the teamsuccessfully reached the top of the mountn.33.The manager arranged for me to have a meetingwith his secretary next Monday.Paragraph TranslationVegetable farming in urban areas has become increasingly popular in recent years. Due to limited space and resources, urban farmers have come up with various innovative farming techniques such as vertical farming and rooftop gardening.Vertical farming involves the use of stacked layers of plants, while rooftop gardening utilizes the rooftops of buildings for growing vegetables.utilizing these innovative techniques, urban farmers are able to produce fresh vegetables right in the heart of the city. This not only helps to provide healthy food for urban residents but also reduces the carbon footprint associated with transportation and storage of vegetables. In addition, urban farming also promotes a sense of community and encourages people to reconnect with nature even in the midst of concrete jungles.四、写作Part I: Writing an EssayTopic: The Impact of Social Media on Interpersonal CommunicationSocial media has become an integral part of our lives, changing the way we communicate and interact with others. While social media platforms provide numerous benefits, they also have a significant impact on interpersonal communication.One major impact of social media on interpersonal communication is the ease and convenience of staying connected. Social media allows individuals to communicate with friends and family from anywhere, at any time. Whether through messages, video calls, or status updates, social media enables instant communication and the sharing of information. This has greatly improved the ability to stay in touch with loved ones, especially for those who are physically apart.Additionally, social media has expanded our social circles and facilitated the formation of new relationships. Through online communities and interest groups, individuals can connect with likeminded people from around the world. This has opened up opportunities for meaningful interactions and the exchange of ideas. People can now build friendships and professional connections beyond geographical boundaries.However, social media has also posed challenges to interpersonal communication. One particular challenge is the loss of nonverbal cues. Much of communication is nonverbal, including body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice. These nonverbal cues provide vital context and emotional depth to conversations. In online communication, these cues are often absent or misunderstood, leading to misinterpretation and misunderstandings.Moreover, social media has the potential to create a sense of isolation and superficiality in relationships. With the focus on curated online personas and the pressure to present a filtered version of oneself, genuine connections can be overshadowed. The constant comparison and fear of missing out can also lead to feelings of inadequacy and social anxiety. Facetoface interactions, on the other hand, allow for a deeper level of understanding and connection.In conclusion, social media has revolutionized interpersonal communication, providing new avenues for connection and information exchange. However, it is important to recognizethe challenges it presents, such as the loss of nonverbal cues and the potential for superficial relationships. Striking a balance between online and offline interactions is crucial for mntning meaningful connections in the digital age.Part II: Writing a LetterDear Professor Thompson,I am writing to express my appreciation for your passionate and engaging teaching style throughout the semester. Your enthusiasm for the subject matter has made each class a joy to attend, and I have found myself genuinely interested in the topics we have covered.I wanted to specifically highlight your ability to expln complex concepts in a clear and concise manner. Your use of reallife examples and practical applications has greatly enhanced my understanding of the subject matter. Your dedication to ensuring that every student understands the material is commendable.Furthermore, I would like to thank you for your accessibility outside of class. Your willingness to answer questions and provide additional resources has been invaluable to my learning experience. Your prompt responses to emls and willingness to meet with students during office hours have demonstrated your commitment to our academic success.In conclusion, I feel privileged to have had the opportunity to learn from you this semester. Your passion for teaching and dedication to your students have left a lasting impression onme. Thank you once agn for a wonderful semester, and I look forward to continuing my academic journey under your guidance.Sincerely, [Your Name]。

大学英语四级考试2015年12月真题(第三套)Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying“Never go out there to see what happens,go out there to make things happen.”You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of being participants rather than mere onlookers in life.You should write at least120words but no more than180 words.Part I Listening(30minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)A lawsuit has been filed against Malaysia Airlines.C)The cause of the disappearance has been unveiled.B)The missing passengers’bodies have been found.D)Flight MH370got lost during its trip to Hong Kong.2.A)On a beach in Mozambique.C)In Reunion Island.B)In Malaysia.D)In Beijing.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)Because they are used to living here.B)Because it is cheaper for them to live here.C)Because it is easier for them to get a job.D)Because the government forced them to live here.4.A)The snowstorm.C)The war.B)The bombing.D)The starvation.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)Enriching the menu.C)Opening new branches.B)Meeting customer needs.D)Improving customer sales.6.A)U.S.-based McDonald’s president.C)McDonald’s Japan’s president.B)McDonald’s Japan’s customer.D)U.S.-based McDonald’s customer.7.A)In1971.C)In1997.B)In1991.D)In2015.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)Hosting an evening TV program.C)Lecturing on business management.B)Having her bicycle repaired..D)Conducting a market survey.9.A)He repaired bicycles.C)He worked as a salesman.B)He served as a consultant.D)He coached in a racing club.10.A)He wanted to be his own boss.C)He didn’t want to start from scratch.B)He found it more profitable.D)He didn’t want to be in too much debt.11.A)They work five days a week.C)They are paid by the hour.B)They are all the man’s friends.D)They all enjoy gambling. Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)It has gradually given way to service industry.B)It remains a major part of industrial activity.C)It has a history as long as paper processing.D)It accounts for80percent of the region’s GDP.13.A)Transport problems.C)Lack of resources.B)Shortage of funding.D)Poor management.14.A)Competition from rival companies.B)Product promotion campaigns.C)Possible locations for a new factory.D)Measures to create job opportunities.15.A)It’s just so-so.C)Its very good and improving.B)Its perfect.D)Its disappointing.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage，you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)They shared mutual friends in school.B)They had known each other since childhood.C)They shared many extracurricular activities.D)They had many interests in common.17.A)At a local club.C)At the sports center.B)At Joe’s house.D)At the boarding school.18.A)Durable friendships can be very difficult to maintain.B)One has to be respectful of other people in order to win respect.C)It is hard for people from different backgrounds to become friends.D)Social divisions will break down if people get to know each other.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)Near the entrance of a park.C)At a parking meter.B)In his buildings parking lot.D)At a street corner.20.A)It had been taken by the police.C)It had been stolen by someone.B)It had been moved to the next block.D)It had been parked at a wrong place.21.A)At the Greenville center.C)In a neighboring town.B)At a public parking lot.D)In the city garage.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)Famous creative individuals.C)A major scientific discovery.B)The mysteriousness of creativity.D)Creativity as shown in arts.23.A)It is something people all engage in.C)It starts soon after we are born.B)It helps people acquire knowledge.D)It is the source of all artistic work.24.A)Creative imagination.C)Natural curiosity.B)Logical reasoning.D)Critical thinking.25.A)It is beyond ordinary people.C)It is part of everyday life.B)It is yet to be fully understood.D)It is a unique human trait.Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Question26to35are based on the following passage.For many Americans,2013ended with an unusually bitter cold te November and December36early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country,part of a year when,for the first time in two37,record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones.But the U.S.was the exception: November was the warmest ever38,and current data indicates that2013is likely to have been the fourth hottest year on record.Enjoy the snow now,because39are good that2014will be even hotter, perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept.That’s because,scientists are predicting,2014will be an El Nino year.El Nino,Spanish for“the child”,40when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm.So large is the Pacific,covering30%of the planet’s surface,that the41energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes around the world.El Ninos are42with abnormally dry conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia.They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America,even as southern Africa43dry weather.Marine life may be affected too:El Ninos can44the rising of the cold,nutrient-rich（营养丰富的）water that supports large fish45,and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral（珊瑚）.A)additional I)logicallyB)associated J)occursC)bore K)populationsD)chances L)realizeE)communicated M)reduceF)decades N)sawG)Experiences O)SpecificH)globallySection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.How to Eat WellA)Why do so many Americans eat tons of processed food,the stuff that is correctlycalled junk(垃圾）and should really carry warning labels?B)It’s not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by.Supermarkets offer morevariety than ever,and there are over four times as many farmers,markets in the U.S.as there were20years ago.Nor is it for lack of available information.There are plenty of recipes（食谱）how-to videos and cooking classes available to anyone who has a computer,smartphone or television.If anything,the information is overwhelming. C)And yet we aren’t cooking.If you eat three meals a day and behave like mostAmericans,you probably get at least a third of your daily calories(卡路里）outside the home.Nearly two thirds of us grab fast food once a week,and we get almost25% of our daily calories from snacks.So we’re eating out or taking in,and we don’t sit down—or we do,but we hurry.D)Shouldn’t preparing—and consuming—food be a source of comfort,pride,health,well-being,relaxation,sociability?Something that connects us to other humans?Why would we want to outsource（外包）this basic task,especially when outsourcing it is so harmful?E)When I talk about cooking,I’m not talking about creating elaborate dinner parties orthree-day science projects.I’m talking about simple,easy,everyday meals.My mission is to encourage green hands and those lacking time or money to feed themselves.That means we need modest,realistic expectations,and we need to teach people to cook food that’s good enough to share with family and friends.”F)Perhaps a return to real cooking needn’t be far off.A recent Harris poll revealed that79%of Americans say they enjoy cooking and30%“love it”;14%admit to not enjoying kitchen work and just7%won’t go near the stove at all.But this doesn’t necessarily translate to real cooking,and the result of this survey shouldn’t surprise anyone:52%of those65or older cook at home five or more times per week;only a third of young people do.G)Back in the1950s most of us grew up in households where Mom cooked virtuallyevery night.The intention to put a home-cooked meal on the table was pretty much universal.Most people couldn’t afford to do otherwise.H)Although frozen dinners were invented in the40s,their popularity didn’t boom untiltelevisions became popular a decade or so later.Since then,packaged,pre-prepared meals have been what’s for dinner.The microwave and fast-food chains were the biggest catalyst(催化剂）,but the big food companies—which want to sell anything except the raw ingredients that go into cooking—made the home cook an endangered species.I)Still,I find it strange that only a third of young people report preparing meals at homeregularly.Isn’t this the same crowd that rails against processed junk and champions craft cooking?And isn’t this the generation who say they’ve concerned about their health and the well-being of the planet?If these are truly the values of many youngpeople,then their behavior doesn’t match their beliefs.J)There have been half-hearted but well-publicized efforts by some food companies to reduce calories in their processed foods,but the Standard American Diet is still the polar opposite of the healthy,mostly plant-based diet that just about every expert says we should be eating.Considering that the government’s standards are not nearly ambitious enough,the picture is clear:by not cooking at home,we’re not eating the right things,and the consequences are hard to overstate.K)To help quantify（量化）costs of a poor diet,I recently tried to estimate this impact in terms of a most famous food,the burger（汉堡包）.I concluded that the profit from burgers is more than offset（抵消）by the damage they cause in health problems and environmental harm?L)Cooking real food is the best defense—not to mention that any meal you’ve likely to eat at home contains about200fewer calories than one you would eat in a restaurant. M)To those Americans for whom money is a concern,my advice is simple:Buy what you can afford,and cook it yourself.The common prescription is to primarily shop the grocery store,since that’s where fresh produce,meat and seafood,and dairy are.And to save money and still eat well you don’t need local,organic ingredients;all you need is real food.I’m not saying local food isn’t better;it is.But there is plenty of decent food in the grocery stores.N)The other sections you should get to know are the frozen foods and the canned goods.Frozen produce is still produce;canned tomatoes are still tomatoes.Just make sure you’re getting real food without tons of added salt or sugar.Ask yourself,would Grandma consider this food?Does it look like something that might occur in nature?It’s pretty much common sense:you want to buy food,not unidentifiable foodlike objects.O)You don’t have to hit the grocery store daily,nor do you need an abundance of skill.Since fewer than half of Americans say they cook at an intermediate level and only 20%describe their cooking skills as advanced,the crisis is one of confidence.And the only remedy for that is practice.There’s nothing mysterious about cooking the evening meal.You just have to do a little thinking ahead and redefine what qualifies as dinner.Like any skill,cooking gets easier as you do it more;every time you cook, you advance your level of skills.Someday you won’t even need recipes.My advice is that you not pay attention to the number of steps and ingredients,because they can be deceiving.P)Time,I realize,is the biggest obstacle to cooking for most people.You must adjust your priorities to find time to cook.For instance,you can move a TV to the kitchen and watch your favorite shows while you’re standing at the sink.No one is asking youto give up activities you like,but if you’re watching food shows on TV,try cooking instead.36.Cooking benefits people in many ways and enables them to connect with one another.37.Abundant information about cooking is available either online or on TV.38.Young people do less cooking at home than the elderly these days.39.Cooking skills can be improved with practice.40.In the mid-20th century,most families ate dinner at home instead of eating out.41.Even those short of time or money should be encouraged to cook for themselves andtheir family.42.Eating food not cooked by ourselves can cause serious consequences.43.To eat well and still save money,people should buy fresh food and cook itthemselves.44.We get a fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks.45.The popularity of TV led to the popularity of frozen food.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.The wallet is heading for extinction.As a day-to-day essential,it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers.The kind of shopping—where you hand over notes and count out change in return—now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters,like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from a comer shop.At the shops where you spend any real money,that money is increasingly abstracted.And this is more and more true,the higher up the scale you go.At the most cutting-edge retail stores—Victoria Beckham on Dover Street,for instance—you don’t go and stand at any kind of cash register when you decide to pay.The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.Which is nothing more or less than excellent service,if you have the money.But across society,the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy.Maybe I’m just old-fashioned.But earning money isn’t quick or easy for most of us.Isn’t it a bit weird that spending it should happen in half a blink(眨眼）of an eye?Doesn’t a wallet—thattime-honoured Friday-night feeling of pleasing,promising fatness—represent something that matters?But I’ll leave the economics to the experts.What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment.Everything about the look and feel of a wallet—the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age,the plastic and paper and gold and silver,and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets—is the very opposite of what our world is becoming.The opposite of a wallet is a smartphone or an iPad.The rounded edges,cool glass,smooth and unknowable as a pebble(鹅卵石）.Instead of digging through pieces of paper and peering into comers, we move our fingers left and right.No more counting out coins.Show your wallet,if you still have one.It may not be here much longer.46.What is happening to the wallet?A)It is disappearing.B)It is being fattened.C)It is becoming costly,D)It is changing in style.47.How are business transactions done in big modern stores?A)Individually.B)Electronically.C)In the abstract.D)Via a cash register.48.What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays?A)Saving money is becoming a thing of the past.B)The pleasing Friday-night feeling is fading.C)Earning money is getting more difficult.D)Spending money is so fast and easy.49.Why does the author choose to write about what’s happening to the wallet?A)It represents a change in the modem world.B)It has something to do with everybody’s life.C)It marks the end of a time-honoured tradition.D)It is the concern of contemporary economists.50.What can we infer from the passage about the author?A)He is resistant to social changes.B)He is against technological progress.C)He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.D)He feels insecure in the ever-changing modem world.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Everybody sleeps,but what people stay up late to catch—or wake up early in order not to miss—varies by culture.From data collected,it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep,on average,are sporting events,time changes,and holidays.Around the world,people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time,Russians,for example,began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to“winter time”starting on October26.Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year’s Eve,Russians have the world’s latest bedtime,hitting the hay at around 3:30a.m.Russians also get up an hour later on International Women’s Day,the day for treating and celebrating female relatives.Similarly,Americans,late nights,late mornings,and longest sleeps fall on three-day weekends.Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey（冰球）.The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation(剥夺）. The worst night for sleep in the U.K was the night of the England-Italy match on June14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it,and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights,the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime.That was nothing,though,compared to Germans, Italians,and the French,who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations,it’s likely that only the richest people do.And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person.Even if that’s the case,though,the above findings are still striking.If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year,how much sleep are the rest of us losing?51.What does the author say about peopled sleeping habits?A)They are culture-related.C)They change with the seasons.B)They affect peopled health.D)They vary from person to person.52.What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep?A)They don’t fall asleep until very late.B)They don’t sleep much on weekends.C)They get less sleep on public holidays.D)They sleep longer than people elsewhere.53.What is the major cause for Europeans’loss of sleep?A)The daylight savings time.B)The colorful night life.C)The World Cup.D)The summertime.54.What is the most probable reason for some rich people to use a device to record their sleep patterns?A)They have trouble falling asleep.B)They want to get sufficient sleep.C)They are involved in a sleep research.D)They want to go to bed on regular hours.55.What does the author imply in the last paragraph?A)Sleeplessness does harm to peopled health.B)Few people really know the importance of sleep.C)It is important to study our sleep patterns.D)Average people probably sleep less than the rich.Part IV Translation(30minutes) Section ADirections:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.今年在长沙举行了一年一度的外国人汉语演讲比赛。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）Part ⅡListening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A) Go to a place he has visited.C) Consult a travel agent.B) Make her own arrangements.D) Join in a package tour.2. A) They are on a long trip by car.C) They are used to getting up early.B) They are stuck in a traffic jam.D) They are tired of eating out at night.3. A) He is a person difficult to deal with.C) He is unwilling to speak in public.B) He dislikes any formal gathering.D) He often keeps a distance from others.4. A) Work in another department.C) Recruit graduate students.B) Pursue further education.D) Take an administrative job.5. A) He would not be available to start the job in time.B) He is not quite qualified for the art director position.C) He would like to leave some more time for himself.D) He will get his application letter ready before May 1.6. A) Cleaner.B) Mechanic.C) Porter.D) Salesman.7. A) Request one or two roommates to do the cleaning.B) Help Laura with her term paper due this weekend.C) Get Laura to clean the apartment herself this time.D) Ask Laura to put off the cleaning until another week.8. A) A problem caused by the construction.C) The building project they are working on.B) An accident that occurred on the bridge.D) The public transportation conditions.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) To look for a job as a salesperson.C) To place an order for some products.B) To have a talk with Miss Thompson.D) To complain about a faulty appliance.10. A) The person in charge is not in the office.B) The supplies are out of stock for the moment.C) They failed to reach an agreement on the price.D) The company is re-cataloguing the items.11. A) 0743, 12536 extension 15.C) 0734, 38750 extension 15.B) 0734, 21653 extension 51.D) 0743, 62135 extension 51.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Since he found a girlfriend.C) Since he began to exercise regularly.B) Since he took to heavy smoking.D) Since he started to live on his own.13. A) He is getting too fat.C) He doesn’t eat vegetables.B) He smokes too much.D) He doesn’t look well at all.14. A) They are overweight for their age.C) They are still in their early twenties.B) They are respectful to their parents.D) They dislike doing physical exercise.15. A) To quit smoking.C) To find a girlfriend.B) To reduce his weight.D) To follow her advice.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。