托福大作文——那些让论证更加强有力的verbs

高中语文作文强有力的论证Writing a strong argumentative essay in high school Chinese can be a challenging task for many students. 高中学生在中文作文中写出有力的论证是一项具有挑战性的任务。

It requires not only a clear understanding of the topic, but also the ability to present logical and convincing arguments. 这不仅需要对话题有清晰的理解，还需要有表达逻辑和令人信服的论点的能力。

In order to write a successful argumentative essay, students need to follow certain guidelines and strategies. 为了写出成功的议论文，学生需要遵循一定的指导原则和策略。

One important aspect of writing a strong argumentative essay is conducting thorough research on the topic. 写一篇有力的辩论性文章的一个重要方面是对题目进行深入研究。

Having a solid understanding of the subject matter will allow students to present well-informed and persuasive arguments. 对主题有扎实的了解将使学生能够提出见解深刻且具有说服力的论点。

Research can involve reading relevant articles, books, and studies, as well as conducting interviews and surveys. 研究可能涉及阅读相关文章、书籍和研究，还包括进行访谈和调查。

如何提升托福作文论述力度在托福写作中，过于单一的论述不但会让自己觉得才穷词尽，也同时让作文的论述没有力度，无法体现想要表述的论点。

所以在论述中，为大家推荐以下几种写作手法加强文章力度。

如何提升托福作文论述力度?掌握3种常用论述方法比较(contrast comparison)在托福大作文的写作中，考生可以拿相同或相反的事物做比较，相同关系叫对照(comparison)，相反关系叫对比(contrast)。

此类论证我们重点掌握一些对比对照关系的连词：In contrast，by contrast，on the contrary，while，whereas Likewise，similarly引用(quotation)比如，拿名人名言来进行论证则更有说服力，说明某位名人的观点和你的观点是达成一致，形成共鸣的。

但这需要考平时的积累，不能在考试时候过于生搬硬套。

此外，引用名人名言就意味着引用别人的观点，所以只要引两到三句起到论证自己观点的作用的话就可以了，点到为止，而不是中文写作中，引用越多越好。

让步(making concession)让步的论证是中国考生较陌生的一个概念，其实在学状语从句时，我们就学过让步的关系，先退一步承认一个与自己观点相反的事实，再转折给出自己的观点，否定前者。

这种方法在中文写作中由于应用的比较少，所以在没有完成掌握的情况下，不要强行套用。

句型如下：Although/ though/ in spite of the fact thatAs is granted/ Admittedly，Opponents would argue that从上面的总结我们就可以看出来，在托福作文中想要吸引考官的注意，我们还是有很多办法的。

一些复杂句的运用必须在平时的练习中，就熟悉使用。

托福写作素材：辩论是否支持艺术家事业托福写作题目：The government should support artists or should artists support themselves.Introduction:First of all, financial support to artists would enable current artists to contribute more to our society.主题句：扩展支持艺术利一：有利于艺术繁荣。

托福写作的论证方式托福写作的文体是argumentative essay (议论文)，所以在写作时，时刻要记住一个完整的论证就是论点+论据。

那么我们在写议论文时，有哪些论证方式呢?一般而言，常见的有5种。

一起来学习一下!托福写作的论证方式1. 举例论证：定义：列举确凿、充分，有代表性的事例证明论点。

通过列举典型事例，具体有力地证明了中心论点，增强了说服力。

这些事例可以是发生在我们平常生活中的小事，也可以是名人轶事，新闻报道或者历史事件。

举例的惯用表达:1) For example / For instance, ...2) A (具体) aptly illustrates B (抽象) = A is an apt illustration of B = To illustrate = As an illustration3) A case in point is ....4) The story of... best demonstrates this point5) T o pick / take... as an example 托福真题：Competition between friends always has a negative effect on their friendship.举例论证示范：Nevertheless, competition between friends does not necessarily put a dent in the friendship. On the contrary, friendship can be consolidated as long as friends help one another over the course of competition. A case in point is my niece who had a contest with his intimate friend Lucas. They both agreed that whoever obtained the lower score in the final exam of math had to buy a great present for the winner. During the preparation for the exam, they often shared useful materials and compared notes about some complicated problems. In the end, my niece did not perform as well as his friend Lucas, however, he still kept his promise and bought a PSP for Lucas. When asked the question whether this competition did damage to their friendship. My niece disapproved such statement and maintained that thecontest provided a wonderful opportunity to strengthen their friendship. Hence healthy competition of this kind is wholesome for friendship, indeed.2. 反面论证定义：从某个论点的对立面入手，通过证明它的错误来体现该论点的正确。

【托福写作】如何提升论证的力度？详解写作中例证的3个角度很多考生在托福写作中，将例证狭隘的理解为是讲一个故事，或是举个例子就行，其实这只是例证的一种角度，如果通篇都用这种方法写作，难免会让阅卷老师感觉单一与重复。

其实例证有三个角度：泛例、特例与调查研究。

一、例证的重要性没有例证的托福作文算不得是一篇好文章，在托福写作评分标准部分提到论证的展开模式有两种：reasoning、examplification.没有具体实质内容而又假大空的论证是得不了高分的，所以例证成为托福作文论证模式的关键，一般托福独立写作的题目都要求”Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer”我们很难想象一篇没有例证的作文是如何写到400字的。

1.泛例所谓的范例就是范举一些普遍现象来证明一个论点，不涉及具体时间和场景，如：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Nowadays, young people nowadays are more independent than before.用泛例以后就可以是：The easier and wider education access makes young people more independent. For example,numerous teenagers go abroad and study overseas. In the new strange circumstance,they have to solve all the problems they confront mainly by themselves. Such experience will certainly strengthen their independence.2.特例特例的意思就是特质具体某个事例与个案，带有情节感。

常见论证方式之举例&因果实例1.举例实例：Title: The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teachers’ salaries.解题思路：disagree让步转折法。

让步段：增加老师工资对于提高教学质量的确有好处，特别是在不发达的地区。

举例论证如下：This point can be confirmed by the example of my friend Li, a teacher i n a small town with a salary of 1,500 yuan a month.In order to make ends meet, he has to do some part-time jobs after work and even on weekends. It is usually the case that when he comes back home in the evening every day, he is too tired to make full preparations for the classes next day. If he had a higher salary, he could spend more time in preparing for his teaching rather than taking so many odd jobs, which would undoubtedly contribute to the improvement of the education quality in the long run.2.因果实例：More and more people are spending money on their pets, even though there can be other good ways to spend money.解题思路：让步转折。

托福写作技巧：主体段之实例论证法托福写作技巧：主体段之实例论证法这种托福写作方法尤其是对于一些考生在开头提出观点之后，就不知道该如何继续下去的情况是一个非常好的解决办法。

这种情况下，考生可以举实例论证，举例是我们解释论证一个观点最好的方式，也是最有说服力的。

托福大作文的主体段是整篇托福作文的核心，在这个部分大家可以应用实例论证的托福写作方法，这样即可以增加字数，有有说服力，是非常实用的写作方法。

下面新东方网托福频道就通过两个例子来为大家更加清晰地介绍一下这个方法。

1、第一种应用实例论证的托福写作方法就是应用名人实例，因为这是大家都知道的事情，能够引起共鸣。

Although sticking to one’s goal is key to success, sometimes one should be ready to give up. Napoleon’s story is a case in point. After Napoleon succeeded in seizing the crown of France, he should have been satisfied with his achievement. But he did not. He went on to conquer the whole Europe. Then after he succeeded in ruling almost the whole Europe, he should have given up this ambition to e某panding his empire. But he did not. He went on to invade Russia and there he suffered a total defeat. Later he was sent into e某ile and died in a lonely island.在这个托福大作文主体中，引用了拿破仑的事迹来加以论证。

托福考试的写作过渡与连接词在托福考试的写作部分，过渡词和连接词的使用是非常重要的，它们能够帮助我们在文章中清晰地表达思想，使文章的结构更加紧密和连贯。

本文将为大家介绍托福考试写作中常用的过渡与连接词，并解释它们的用法和作用。

1. 表示递进的连接词首先，我们来讨论表示递进关系的连接词。

当我们需要表达一个观点在另一个观点之上进行扩展或补充时，可以使用这些连接词，如furthermore, moreover, in addition, additionally等。

这些词常常出现在段落的开头，用来引出新的论点，并将其与之前的观点联系起来，帮助我们更好地展开论述。

比如："Many people believe that exercise is essential for good health. Furthermore, regular exercise has been proven to reduce stress levels and improve mental well-being."2. 表示对比的连接词对比是写作中常用的手法之一，它能够帮助我们突出两个不同观点或者事物之间的差异。

因此，在表达对比时，我们可以使用一些连接词，如however, on the other hand, in contrast, nevertheless等。

这些词语的使用能够使我们的论述更加全面，增加文章的可读性。

例如："Some people prefer city life due to its convenience and excitement. However, others argue that rural areas provide a quieter and more peaceful living environment."3. 表示因果关系的连接词表示因果关系是写作中常用的方式之一，它能够帮助我们解释一个事件或现象的原因和结果。

英语托福写作中如何让从句作用发挥最大英语托福写作中如何让从句作用发挥最大托福写作中如何让从句作用发挥最大托福写作中从句是很重要的句型，并且使用率比较高，考生们常常用到的从句句型主要有：主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和同位语从句。

下面我们就来看看托福写作中如何让我们的从句将作用发挥到最大吧。

凡事过犹不及，就像美酒再好也不能贪杯一样，从句虽然有很多好处，但千万不要过多重复。

虽然从句的优点是简单句不能比拟的，但只有简单句结合从句，才能体现句子的多变性;也只有全部的句子都为主题句服务，文章的整体性才会更好的体现。

以下是议论文写作中比较好的一些从句例子：1)Manyexpertsclaimthatpeopleshouldpositivelyparticipatei ngarbagerecycle.宾语从句，一般出现在首段背景介绍部分。

2)Horrormovies,inwhichtheremightbebleedingandterrifyings cenes,arenotrecommendedforchildren.定语从句，一般在主体部分中比较常见，用以解释说明，达到简化句子的目的`。

3)Aslongasyouareastudent,youshouldalwaysbehaveyourself.状语从句，让步状语从句比较常见的使用although或者though来引导，这里介绍一个使用aslongas来引导的句子，这个例句可以解释成做一天和尚撞一天钟。

4)Whenitcomestopsychology,mostpeoplebelievethatitisabeha vioralstudy.以上就是在托福写作中从句的用法及重要性，在掌握了从句的正确用法后，我们的托福写作不管在样式上还是在内容上都会有很大改观，离突破托福写作障碍自然也就不远了。

《十天突破新托福Essays》是出国考试类畅销书作者慎小嶷老师的又一力作。

《十天突破新托福Essays》紧扣官方资料要求而编写，所涉及资料均选自美国本土出版的最新资料。

《十天突破新托福Essays》将探讨中国留美考生在准备新托福作文过程中急需解决的大量实战问题：如何选择写作中真正需要的美语词汇；怎样才能写出灵活多样的地道英文句子；哪种段落结构才符合美国人的“审美观”；为什么必须果断放弃已经被用烂了的经典人物，而改举Made in theU.S.的新例子；偏题、难题的高分素材和段落；北美作文同义词替换台集等等。

十天突破新托福Essays：Day 1 i的初体验新托福考生很难回答的10个问题 My AnswersDay 2 思路的尽头3种快速解题方法分类法裸奔法测测你的进肽学有余力课后练习Day 3 无糖语法正确理解5种句子成分有效区分3种句子有效避免7类语法错误来自老托福考试的启示学有余力课后练习参考答案Day 4 词汇不是纸老虎（上）Pat对新托福作文核心词汇的总结新托福写作完整加分词库：1180词（下）Pat关于写作词汇的心里话中国考生最容易失手的写作单词总结新托福作文抽象加分词总结（非牛人请飘过）那些让你的论证更强有力的verbs（高分内容）《那些花儿》魅力四射拉丁族 Pat总结的美国人表述自己的价值观时最喜欢用的12个词在北美长大的孩子必须面对的8大挑战（高分内容）学有余力课后练习Day 5 轻松玩转linkers 复杂句主、从关系完全透视因果关系举例关系类比与对比关系让步关系假设关系修饰关系限定关系下定义关系不是关系的关系学有余力课后练习Day 6 给你的句子一点颜色看（高分内容，非大牛留个脚印即可）状语前置句中做手脚副词领路人倒装是进步的阶梯强调但不强势虚拟不等于忽悠抽象画法的of 被动也疯狂变性表决心副词排长队点、线勾出层次感“the+形容词”语法可没错儿双重否定就是肯定学有余力课后练习参考答案Day 7 该出手时就出手：考场里真正实用的写作句型北美写作172句型前进类（论证positive方面常用）倒退类（论证negative方面常用）中间类（论证不好不坏/可好可坏方面常用） 6个俗不可耐却没被淘汰的句型学有余力课后练习Day 8 显微镜下的开头、主体与结尾（上）万事开头未必难/197 什么是开头/197 美式议论文Introduction的十四种方案课后练习（中）Body的诱惑 Bodr Paragraphs的展开路径详图课后练习（下）蛇尾或豹尾告别的五种方式学有余力课后练习Day 9 独立作文的结构与解构最简单也最困难的“一边倒”“一边倒”范文分析真写High了怎么办（只适合大虾或者考前德芙摄入过多的童鞋们）中立但不中庸的“折中式”写法“折中式”范文分析致“反动派”们的一封信（只适合基础薄弱或者备考时间极短的小白新托福作文模板工具箱学有余力课后练习Day 10 单一的综合体 Integrated wring的结构与个性化模板综合写作模板之解构版综合写作模板同义词替换全集 The Devil Is in the Details（高分内容）。

托福学术讨论写作素材英文回答：In higher education, students are often required to engage in critical thinking, which involves evaluating information and arguments and forming reasoned judgments. This skill is essential for academic success and for lifelong learning. However, research suggests that many students struggle with critical thinking.One reason for this may be that critical thinking is not explicitly taught in many schools. Students may not be aware of the steps involved in critical thinking or how to apply these steps to their own work. As a result, they may resort to surface-level reading and memorization, rather than engaging in deep analysis and evaluation.Another reason why students may struggle with critical thinking is that it can be difficult to challenge one's own assumptions and beliefs. Critical thinking requires us toquestion our own biases and to be open to new perspectives. This can be an uncomfortable process, and it may lead to feelings of uncertainty or even resistance.Despite the challenges, it is important for students to develop strong critical thinking skills. Critical thinking is not only essential for academic success, but it is also a valuable life skill. Critical thinkers are able to make informed decisions, solve problems, and communicate their ideas effectively. They are also more likely to be successful in their careers and to contribute positively to society.To improve critical thinking skills, students should:Be aware of their own biases and assumptions. Everyone has biases, but it is important to be aware of them so that they do not cloud our judgment.Seek out different perspectives. Don't just read or listen to information that confirms your own beliefs. Challenge yourself by exposing yourself to new ideas andperspectives.Ask questions. Don't be afraid to ask questions about information or arguments that you encounter. Asking questions helps you to clarify your understanding and to identify any weaknesses in the argument.Evaluate evidence. When you encounter new information or an argument, don't just accept it at face value. Evaluate the evidence to determine whether it is credible and relevant.Form reasoned judgments. Once you have evaluated the evidence, form a reasoned judgment about the information or argument. Be prepared to explain your reasoning and to defend your position.Critical thinking is a skill that takes time and practice to develop. By following these tips, students can improve their critical thinking skills and become more successful learners.中文回答：在高等教育中，学生经常被要求进行批判性思维，这涉及评估信息和论点并形成经过思考的判断。

托福作文写作范文详解Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion.1. 题目翻译：电视，报纸，杂志戒其他媒体对诸如公众人物戒名人倾注过多的关注，同意与否？2. 审题关键词：Media; Personal lives of famous people; Entertainment3. 论证分析：反: It could be said that having little or no privacy in one's personal life "comes with the territory" of being a famous personality.正: Much of the media, be it television, newspaper or magazines, is primarily motivated by sales and profits.正：A prime example of the media exploiting the personal life of public figure is that of the late Princess Dinana.范文：I think the media pays too much attention to the private lives of famous people. Television, newspaper magazines and web sites dig up all kinds of past bad actions and gossip. They say that these are true reflections of a person's character. This may be true if they occurred only a few years before, but some of these are things people did as teenagers. People in their forties are expected to explain something they did when they were fifteen, which is an impossible position, because everyone grows up and reflects on their foolish and childish actions from youth. If they killed someone, obviously that's more than a youthful mistake. Usually, though, these incidents involve experiments with drugs or being reckless in a car. They're not something that the public needs to know.此段结构本段是一个总分的结构。

托福作文写作范文详解Nowadays, food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live?Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.1. 题目翻译：现代食物容易准备是否改变了人们的生活？2. 审题关键词：Food; Easier to prepare; Life attitude3. 论证分析：正: The number one positive effect from having foods which are easier to prepare is the additionaltime which can be saved.正: The second way in which having easier to prepare foods has improved our lives is that we cannow enjoy a greater variety of dishes more often.反: However, people sometimes put their health in danger.范文The twentieth century has brought with it many advances. With those advances, human lives have changed dramatically. In some ways life is worse, but mostly it is better. Changes in food preparation methods, for example, have improved our lives greatly.此段结构分总结构。

托福写作策略：技巧论证由于托福独立写作的体裁均为议论文，因此，考生必须灵活运用多重论证技巧，最为典型的论证技巧包括：1. 例证法举例是说服力极强的论证技巧。

此外，应尽量使事例具体化。

如：...For instance, traffic jam fees were introduced in Singapore in 1975. Since then, Sweden, Britain, Norway, Italy, Portugal and China have followed suit... 又如：Having an intelligent partner by our side is just like receiving charcoal when the snow falls. He is competent enough to offer sincere and applicable suggestions that could drag us out of troubled waters. By making full use of our combined wisdom, problems can be solved easily. Take my cousin as an example: He has just set up his own company. At the very beginning, he was faced with a series of problems in business administration. After consulting his best friend, an MBA student in Harvard, he smoothly tackled those problems. As an old Chinese saying goes, ‘he who gets in contact with vermillion will become red’. A friend’s wisdom and accomplishments can directly influence us in positive ways. 建议考生平时广泛搜集可作为热点话题论据的各种素材，包括名人轶事、历史事件、新闻报道、生活经历等等，不断积累，并学会将其恰当地应用于论证过程之中。

托福写作中的独立写作如何组织思路和提高论证能力托福考试中的独立写作部分是考察考生对于一定话题的观点表达和论证能力的重要环节。

如何组织思路和提高论证能力对于取得良好的写作成绩至关重要。

本文将从以下几个方面展开论述：选题和主题句的确定、主体段落的分析和论证、逻辑和语言的运用。

一、选题和主题句的确定在托福独立写作中，首先要选择一个合适的话题。

可根据自己的经验、兴趣、知识储备以及对相关事物的了解进行选择。

一个好的选题可以为论证提供足够的素材和观点。

确定选题后，写作开始之前，我们需要明确一个主题句。

主题句是文章的核心，概括了整个段落的主题。

主题句应简洁明了，能够清晰表达该段落的中心思想。

二、主体段落的分析和论证每个主体段落都应紧扣主题句展开内容，对于所选择的论点进行分析和论证。

以下是一个合理的主体段落结构：1. 提出论点：首先明确自己的观点和立场，明确主题句。

2. 分析细节：对于论点进行支持和解释，给出具体的例子、数据、或者论据，以增强论证的可信度。

3. 对立观点反驳：针对可能存在的对立观点进行反驳，或者表明自己的观点比对立观点更有说服力。

4. 总结归纳：总结该段的论证过程和结果，清晰明了地再次强调自己的观点。

三、逻辑和语言的运用在托福的独立写作中，良好的逻辑和语言运用有助于增强文章的连贯性和说服力。

逻辑上，可以运用因果关系、对比、转折等手法，使得论证更加有力。

同时，注意段落间的逻辑关联，采用适当的过渡词或者短语使得文章的结构更加紧密。

语言上，应使用准确、简洁和具有表现力的词汇和句式。

避免使用模糊、含糊不清的词汇和句子，以免影响读者对于观点的理解。

同时，注意使用连接词和过渡词来增强句子之间的联系。

总结：托福独立写作需要考生有良好的组织思路和论证能力。

通过合理选择选题和确定主题句，能够更好地构建文章的框架。

在主体段落中进行充分的分析和论证，提供细节和例子，增强论证的说服力。

同时，逻辑和语言的运用对于增强文章的连贯性和表达力也是至关重要的。

托福写作实用的高分副词1.reportedly 据报道英英释义：according to reports or other information相比于用“it is reported that”会更加简洁。

例：Technical engineers who worked on the plane prior to takeoff are reportedly going to be questioned by the police.据报道，起飞前在飞机上工作的技术工程师将接受警方的询问。

2.correspondingly 相应地英英释义：accompanying/similar especially in position or purpose同近义词：united/consistent/comparative/solid/matching 例：And the beaker on the left will be emptied and the beaker on the right will fill up correspondingly.左边的烧杯将会慢慢地变空，与之相应的是，右边的烧杯将会渐渐地变满。

3.realistically 从现实角度来看英英释义：in a realistic manner同近义词：practically/to the life可以用在强调不希望某件事会这样发展，但事实确实如此。

例：But realistically you can't rely on one technique.但实际上，你不可能只依赖一种解决方法。

例：The only one we can realistically check is the last.但我们实际上可以核实的信息只有最后那个邮箱地址。

4.proportionately 成比例地英英释义：to a proportionate degree/in proportion同近义词：appropriately / commensurately例：In view of the technological improvements in the last few years, business will require in the future proportionately fewer workers than ever before.考虑到过去几年的技术进步，相应地，未来企业所需的工人将比以往任何时候都要少。

托福独立写作中常用的高分句型大家都知道官方独立写作评分标准中明确提出了对语言方面的要求，今天我们就来看看如何让我们的语言更美——多运用高分句型。

具体有以下五种：1. 名词性从句名词性从句主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。

A.主语从句：Eg: What has caught our attention is that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating.译文：值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。

B：宾语从句：Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.译文：一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。

Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.译文：许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

C.同位语从句：Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.译文：环境污染变得越来越严重是不可否认的事实。

Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.译文：没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

托福考试作文常见的主题以及写作技巧和思路1. 教育类题目：-题目示例：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is better to have a teacher for your whole life than to have multiple teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.-写作思路：可以从持续的师生关系对学习的影响、不同老师的优势和劣势、个人学习风格和需求等方面展开讨论，并给出自己的观点。

2. 科技类题目：-题目示例：Some people believe that the internet has made people's lives more convenient. Others believe that the internet has made people's lives more complicated. Which viewpoint do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.-写作思路：可以从互联网的便利性与挑战、社交媒体的影响、信息获取的改变等方面进行讨论，并给出自己的观点。

3. 社会类题目：-题目示例：Some people prefer to spend their free time with a few close friends. Others choose to spend their free time with a large number of friends. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.-写作思路：可以从与亲密朋友相处的优点、与大量朋友相处的优点、个人性格和需求等方面展开讨论，并给出自己的观点。

托福独立写作如何提升论证说服力很多考生写不好托福独立写作的主要缘由都在于例证环节。

考生在论证某个观点时无法给出具有说服力的例子，就会让自己的观点显得无力站不住脚，作文得分自然也会受到影响。

下面我就和大家共享托福独立写作如何提升论证说服力，来观赏一下吧。

托福独立写作如何提升论证说服力托福官方指南OG独立写作例子评分细节首先我先通过托福官方指南OG中给出的评分标准来为大家讲解一些独立写作对例子使用的一些要求。

根据OG中的说法，独立写作从5分到2分这四个级别的评分级别对于例证也就是exemplification都是有所要求的。

5分的要求是using clearly appropriate exemplifications，4分要求是appropriate and sufficient exemplifications，3分要求是somewhat developed exemplifications，2分要求是inappropriate or insufficient exemplifications。

从满分到低分的评分标准中都对例证给出了明确要求，由此可见例证这一项要求对作文评分的重要性。

而大家也可以看到appropriate是各项要求中消失次数最多的一个形容词。

很多考生之所以例证方面被扣分，也正是由于举的例子不够合适恰当。

托福独立写作举例两条心得共享那么考生应当如何给出appropriate的例子呢?我认为大家在举例时需要留意这两点：1. 多用群体性例子而非个人例子这个要求可能和很多同学的想法完全相反。

许多人觉得既然要举例，那自然应当尽可能多用名人事例，而这些东西在托福写作备考预备案例素材时也会大量背诵各类所谓的名人案例。

这种思路在托福写作中其实并不符合当下要求。

大家要知道，如今的托福独立写作中，涉及个人观点类的话题越来越少，而关系到社会现象的题目则在不断增加。

也就是说，考生在举例时，运用名人事例来进行例证的机会越来越少，论证效果也在渐渐下降，究竟在广泛的社会现象明前，个人事例其实是比较缺乏说服力的。