2018年影像上海艺术博览会赞助与合作机遇-Photofairs

CCE 中国会展90行业先锋INDUSTRY PIONEER由重庆沪渝国际展览有限公司主办，重庆市摄影行业协会协办，中国人像摄影学会、上海市国际贸易促进委员会、上海市国际展览有限公司和重庆国际博览中心有限公司共同作为特别支持单位的2018 FLS重庆国际时尚生活展览会——暨西部地区首届婚纱儿童摄影展将于11月22-24日（周四-周六）在重庆（悦来）国际博览中心开幕。

2018 FLS 11月闪耀山城文丨上海国际展览服务有限公司供稿 责任编辑丨朱永润******************沪渝展览作为上海国展（上海国际婚纱摄影展的主办方）和重庆国博（拥有20万平方米全平层无柱式展馆，集展览、会议、餐饮、住宿、演艺、赛事等多功能于一体）的子公司，立足重庆，深挖西南婚纱儿童摄影市场，将现有成熟、稳固的展会资源整合运用，着力为新老展商开发西部商贸采购平台！西部首届婚纱儿童摄影展：布局西部重庆，作为西部唯一的中央直辖市，GDP增速连续多年保持第一，是经济、金融、商贸物流、科技创新和航运中心，也是“一带一路”与“长江经济带”等国家战略Y型重要连接点，是国内外贸易采购最重要的城市之一。

西部婚纱、儿童摄影消费市场潜力巨大，影楼规模逐年增加。

据重庆市摄影行业协会《2017年行业发展报告》显示，重庆本地经营单位已达2,720家，比上年增长1%，从业人员23,000余人，增长1.8%，其中婚纱摄影、儿童摄影占总结构比重超六成；此外，四川、贵州、云南等地后期工厂与影楼市场正在逐渐扩大，西部婚纱儿童摄影行业发展迎来了新的机遇！沪渝展览将结合“中国上海国际婚纱摄影展”的品牌优势与当地市场资源，为参展商搭建面向西部市场的“婚纱儿童影楼贸易采购平台”，在展示企业形象、获得行业曝光机会的同时，得以快捷而全面地了解西部影楼行业发展趋势与资讯，巩固现有客户，着力寻找西部潜在目标客户，挖掘新渠道。

众多品牌企业参展：展品丰富展出内容包括婚纱\儿童摄影机构、婚纱\礼服\男装、儿童服饰、相册相框、摄影器材及配件、旅拍机构、影楼用品及耗材、后期制作、彩妆用品、造型配饰、婚礼用车、珠宝等。

2018年不可错过的展览清单作者：刘玉侠来源：《公关世界》2018年第06期2018年已经步入三月份，对于生活有着美好向往的你，相信一定开始规划自己的旅游行程了。

不知在你的旅游目的地中，有没有一栏是为展览留着的呢？在游玩目的地的同时，去展览现场瞻仰一下大师的艺术风韵，一定能为你的旅行增加不少文化内涵，下面请收下这份年度值得一去的展览清单。

中国·上海见者的书信：约瑟夫·博伊斯×白南准场馆：昊美术馆展期：2018年1月20日 - 2018年5月13日【推荐理由】：联合展出的两位大师，一位代表着西方当代艺术最前卫、最具探索性的艺术取向，一位是东方文化背景的艺术家在当代艺术领域的杰出代表。

他们的作品自足于当时的语境与个人的经历，却也同时达到了未知潮流的引领与超前预言的探索。

“书信”则象征着两位艺术家作品中千丝万缕的联系和在“激浪派”艺术浪潮中积攒的深情厚谊。

当一个喜欢涂抹蜂蜜的男人，遇到一个对克林顿脱过裤子的男人，会发生什么？这次展览将会为我们展示一些意想不到的惊喜。

中国·北京2018画廊周北京地点：798国际艺术区和草场地艺术区展期：2018年3月23日-2018年3月30日【推荐理由】：如果你喜欢当代艺术，这个展览一定不能错过。

北京的第二届画廊周，在798国际艺术区和草场地艺术区，共计17家国内外顶尖画廊、3家非盈利机构将会参展。

那里将呈现北京地区年度最重要的当代艺术展览内容。

美国·纽约Joseph Cornell 作品展：致敬 Juan Gris场馆：大都会艺术博物馆展期：2018年1月23日 - 4月15日【推荐理由】：不认识Joseph Cornell？但是你一定知道他的女朋友——草间弥生。

没错，这位就是和波点女王精神恋爱的奇男子。

这次将展出他的约20件作品，这些作品创作于1950-1960年代，旨在向西班牙立体主义艺术家 Juan Gris（1887-1927）致敬。

2019第18届上海国际电影节开幕时间及看点第18届上海国际电影节前瞻第18届上海国际电影节时间：2019.06.13 - 2019.06.21第18届上海国际电影节开幕式红地毯仪式地点：上海大剧院(参考去年)第18届上海国际电影节展映地点：上海各大影院第18届上海国际电影节有哪些看点?创办于1993年的上海国际电影节作为中国唯一的A类国际电影节，在推动中国电影产业创新与发展方面作出不懈努力与积极贡献，目前已成为亚洲最具规模、成长最快、也是最具活力的电影节品牌。

今年的电影节在传承中革新：金爵奖增设动画片、纪录片评奖部分，亚洲新人奖由“入围制”改“提名制”，并推出“互联网电影嘉年华”和“成龙动作电影周”两大创新项目。

本届电影节海报以红蓝二色为主要色调，红色象征着上海国际电影节的经典红，蓝色则象征上海，寓意激烈电影市场中的一片广阔蓝海。

设计师韩秉华表示：“海报采用简练的艺术线条勾勒出金爵，在蓝色块中神似双人在电影舞台上翩翩起舞，写意而灵动，精炼而巧妙。

同时通过红蓝两大色块的交织传递红蓝之间，世界共舞的理念，共同舞向电影事业浪漫而美好的未来。

”1 / 5此外，海报体现本届国际电影节“关注亚洲、关注华语、关注新人”的全新定位，坚持创新开放，强调亲民互动，展现电影节包容、开放、热情的情怀，引领世界的目光聚焦上海，全球影人欢聚上海，营造都市节庆气氛。

第18届上海国际电影节参展影片有哪些?《狐狸猎手》《万物理论》《夜行者》《爆裂鼓手》等热门影片将展映继此前公布向大师致敬之戈达尔影展、4K经典影展部分片单后，上海国际电影节4月24日再抛重磅片单，《狐狸猎手》、《两天一夜》、《吉米的舞厅》、《夜行者》、《爆裂鼓手》、《万物理论》、《至暴之年》、《利维坦》、《锡尔斯玛利亚》、《第二扇窗》、《喝彩》、《少年时代》和《天之茶助》13部在国际舞台斩获奖项的影片将在电影节期间展映。

公布13部热门影片从4月开始，上海国际电影节已陆续公布了部分影展篇目，其中既有观众心目中殿堂级人物戈达尔的回顾展，也有令经典影片在大银幕焕发新神采的4K修复部分。

让这位“画家摄影师”来告诉你，如何将照⽚拍出油画质感⽂/塔蒂亚娜·罗森斯坦(Tatiana Rosenstein)图/卡斯珀·法森(Casper Faassen)编译/纳塔摄影和绘画通常被认为是⽐较相似的艺术媒介，不少摄影师在接触摄影之前也擅长绘画。

⽐如曼·雷 (Man Ray) 或亨利·卡蒂埃-布列松 (Henri Cartier-Bresson)，以前是画家，后来多了⼀重摄影师的⾝份。

⽽他们在不断变化的光线和构图等⽅⾯的艺术造诣影响了他们的摄影风格。

01 |花苗卡斯珀·法森 (Casper Faassen) 也是其中之⼀。

他出⽣于荷兰莱顿，从⼩就对美术产⽣了浓厚的兴趣。

他童年时就以伦勃朗《夜巡》为蓝本来创作⾃⼰的绘画作品。

对于绘画艺术的深刻理解，⽇后让他在摄影中，能够创造性地使⽤材料和⼀些新技术，使摄影作品脱颖⽽出。

在他的摄影作品中，可以看出那些 17 世纪荷兰莱顿画家给他带来的灵感。

法森⽤摄影融合绘画的⽅式，描绘了城市景观、⼈造花和插花等主题。

02 |克⾥斯在睡觉⽽这种⽅式，让他被冠以“摄影画家”的称号。

短暂、美丽等特质，构成了他作品的底⾊。

⽬前，法森的不少作品受邀出现在各种国际艺术博览会上，也在 Frans Hals 和 Dordrechts 等博物馆展出。

2015 年，在 Dordrecht 博物馆为他举办的个展“多德雷赫特的看法” (Gezicht op Dordrecht) 上，他的摄影作品和画家扬·范·⾼恩 (Jan van Goyen) 在 1651年创作的绘画作品⼀起并列展出。

最近在莱顿的 Lakenhal 博物馆，也举办了他的“莱顿的视图” (Gezicht op Leiden) 展览。

03 | YUKA对话卡斯珀·法森对话卡斯珀·法森你从什么时候开始摄影的?卡斯珀·法森:我⼩的时候认定未来职业⼀定会是那些可以发挥创造⼒的⼯作，⽐如建筑师或者艺术家。

媒体创意经济：玩转互联网时代答案课程简介：本课程围绕媒体独特内容产品、娱乐产品、新兴媒体创新等方面，展示了媒体经济的独特品质，融合文化价值、艺术力量和娱乐价值，揭示了媒体独特运作规律和管理特点，提升了学生媒介素养知识，让学生深入体验媒体创意经济的魅力。

1.11【单选题】广义地讲,传媒产业属于()产业门类的企业。

A、第一B、醒目加强法C、部位替代法D、悬念联想法我的答案：C3【多选题】如何进行广告策划?()A、首先要筹措资金B、明确产品性质C、明确市场目标D、制定广告策划方案我的答案：BCD4【判断题】新兴媒体是包括所有形式(报刊杂志、微博微信等)的媒体。

() 我的答案：×2.21【单选题】广告片成为最现代化和最引入注目的广告形式,是因为它()的特点。

A、简短有力B、生动活泼C、1【单选题】电视越过读写障碍,成为一种最()化的传媒媒体。

A、生动B、形象C、大众D、有趣我的答案：C2【多选题】印刷媒体的优势有哪些?A、容易保存B、携带方便C、便于读者进行理性思考D、静态、单一枯燥我的答案：ABC3【多选题】下面哪些属于游戏内置广告的策略?()A、地毯式轰炸B、强制接受C、思想控制C、形象植入D、事件植入我的答案：ABCD4【判断题】“植入式广告是把产品及其服务具有代表性的视听品牌符号融入影视或舞台作品中的一种广告方式。

我的答案：√5【判断题】事件植入是指某一品牌的商品成为推动整个故事情节的有机组成部分。

()我的答案：×2.51【单选题】本节案例”连粉都没有”是什么产品的广告?()A、粉饼B、保健品C、火腿肠D、房地产我的答案：C2【判断题】广告要追求出其不意的效果必须要打破常规。

() 我的答案：√2.61【单选题】A、流量B、盈利C、交口相传D、点击量我的答案：AD4【多选题】微信广告信息流营销包括下面哪些方式?()A、推广标签B、详情外链C、推广图片D、社交互动我的答案：ABCD5【判断题】微信不同于其他媒体广告的优势在于:互动性强;通过社交和链接的方式再传播;直接触达消费行为。

现场 | ON LOCATION140 / Chinese Photography2016年，举办了两届的上海艺术影像展（Photo Shanghai）正式更名为影像上海艺术博览会（PHOTOFAIRS ｜Shanghai）。

从“影像展”到“影像艺博会”的变化，一方面，“影像艺博会”更明确了“这就是艺术画廊的主场，是一个和买家的照片交易平台”的主旨，兴许避免了“影像展”容易被人误以为只是摄影师或艺术家的秀场；一方面似乎更强调了艺博会艺术总监亚历山大·蒙塔格-斯裴瑞PhotoFairs | Shanghai 2016：Internationalizing Strategy and Local Weight国际化策略和本土权重2016年影像上海艺术博览会观察文／钟华连Text by Zhong Hualian2016年影像上海艺术博会现场（Alexander Montague – Sparey）对艺博会的期许：成为中国大陆最国际化的艺术博览会，以及亚太地区最顶级的摄影收藏目的地。

主办方宣称2016影像上海艺术博览会是目前为止国际化程度最高的一届，参展的50余家画廊分别来自15个国家的24个城市，有四分之一的画廊首次参展。

不过，纵观这次参展画廊名单，不过，纵观这次参展画廊名单，亚洲画廊的比例从往届的50%左右到此届已超过70%，中国的画廊也比以往增加了10%左右，展出的亚洲艺术家作品自然比以往更多，这一现象表明影像上海艺博会一边在用国际化的策略来吸引藏家和观众，一边又对亚洲影像作品的权重，这显然是要通过亚洲摄影来激活建在亚洲的影像卖场。

这次的观展票价比往届还高出不少，除了9月8日的媒体预展和开幕晚会，三天的展期特地留出一天给VIP 藏家，而三天套票价从第二届的230元升至600元。

但人们观展的热情依然如昔，官方统计称有超过27000名观众前来观展。

人群聚集的艺博会上，虽然观展多于买卖，但买卖依然是艺博会的主心骨。

赛场利器作者：暂无来源：《摄影之友·影像视觉》 2011年第11期付增凯2006年毕业于大连医科大学影像艺术学院，毕业后一直从事商业和体育摄影工作，现为视觉中国（CFP）首席签约体育摄影师，中国男篮、女篮官方摄影师，水立方花样游泳国际比赛官方摄影师，世界跳水锦标赛官方摄影师。

作品《中巴男篮冲突》获得2011年度金镜头体育单项金奖，多次受邀为体育明星及运动员拍摄专题以及赛场特约拍摄。

今年除了继续拍摄篮球比赛外，付增凯不断扩展自己的拍摄领域，通过扎实的体育摄影基础和对赛场瞬息万变的画面把握博得行业的认可。

付增凯作为视觉中国（CFP）首席体育摄影师，在拍摄体育赛事和广告摄影领域已经取得业内的认可。

除了可靠的器材、扎实的基本功和勤奋的努力，他还有什么要和我们分享的吗？撰文：EAO 摄影：付增凯编辑：林曦作为2011年度中国新闻摄影“金镜头”体育新闻类单幅金奖的获得者，付增凯所拍摄的照片在篮球迷中有很大的影响力。

今年付增凯不仅只活跃于篮球赛场，在水上运动、排球、网球、铁人三项等赛场也会时常出现他的身影。

他并不满足成为优秀的篮球摄影师，现在就让我们一起分享他在往“顶尖”体育摄影师努力的道路上都有哪些心得。

“我高中开始就喜欢摄影，大学就读的是大连医科大学艺术学院摄影专业，要说开始从事摄影工作原因，完全是对摄影的向往和热爱。

由于在大学选修的是商业摄影专业，所以在毕业后就开始从事商业摄影的相关工作。

因为拍摄了一些体育用品的广告，所以我逐渐对体育摄影产生了极大的兴趣。

现在体育摄影为我的创作思路和手法又做了进一步的拓展和延伸。

”付增凯第一次拍摄体育比赛是2007年冬季，在北京首钢体育馆拍CBA联赛。

当时他使用的是一台尼康D700和80~200/2.8D镜头。

随着拍摄比赛场次的增加，原有的器材并不能满足拍摄的需要，于是他果断对自己的摄影器材进行了更新，现在他使用的是众多体育摄影师选择的佳能EOS-1D Mark IV。

“散是满天星，聚是一团火”——“中国联合展台”助力中国影视剧走向世界作者：周瑜来源：《传媒》 2020年第4期文/周瑜“中国联合展台”作为中国国家馆形象，亮相在世界各地举办的多个主流影视节展。

对海外行业同仁和中国友人来说，每当在节展中看到温暖、熟悉的中国红，便会相约远道而来，并在展台内与中国影视企业交流，拓展与中国合作的机会。

十几年来，“ 中国联合展台”始终坚持进驻顶级影视内容交易市场，以规模化、集中化、开放式的姿态，欢迎来自世界各国的业内同仁。

2019年11月13日，由国家广播电视总局发展研究中心与北京广播电视局主办的“中国剧集，闪耀全球——电视剧走出去高峰论坛”在北京秋季电视节目交易会上成功举行。

笔者应邀参会，在会上分享了多年来五岸传播在受国家广播电视总局委托承办“中国联合展台”过程中，助力中国影视剧走向世界的经验和体会。

“火之源”——“中国联合展台”是什么？随着中国电视剧的不断繁荣发展，“走出去”成为推动中国电视剧产业高质量创新性发展动能。

而在这个过程中，上海尚世影业、五岸传播有限公司既是这其中的参与者、受益者，也有幸成为组织者之一，见证并助推中国影视剧走向世界。

2019年6月14日，东方明珠新媒体股份有限公司宣布启动影视文娱板块改革，将旗下上海尚世影业有限公司、上海五岸传播有限公司两家公司进行品牌整合，以“双轮驱动、两翼齐飞”的全新形象亮相。

其中，尚世影业一直以影视剧的投资、制作见长，近年来出品了很多别具匠心的精品佳作。

公司曾连续3届蝉联“上海市精神文明单位”称号，多部作品荣获精神文明建设“五个一工程”奖、“中国电影国际传播突出贡献奖”、“飞天奖”、“金鹰奖”、“白玉兰奖”等国家及业内重要奖项和荣誉。

五岸传播则擅长版权运营，渠道客户已遍布全球120个国家和地区。

公司曾连续7届14年获得国家重点文化出口企业，2019年还先后获得首届上海市知识产权创新奖、“中国联合展台优秀组织单位”及“电视节目走出去突出贡献企业”等荣誉。

美丽新世界Move on China 2019张离 张培力 冯梦波 汪建伟 马珏 周昕 付了了 （排名不分先后，按发言顺序排列）Zhang Li Zhang Peili Feng Mengbo Wang Jianwei Ma Jue Zhou XinFu Liaoliao (No Preference Ranking, in Order of Speech)摘要：作为“W W W和中国新媒体艺术三十年”三年计划之第一年项目，“美丽新世界（Move on China 2019）”：张培力、汪建伟、冯梦波三人展于2019年12月12日于昊美术馆（上海）举办。

在万维网诞生及“中国现代艺术大展”之后30年的今天，影像和数字艺术日益成为当今公共文化空间中不可忽视的力量。

在展览开幕当天下午，举行了本次展览的开幕论坛，邀请艺术家及策展人进行现场对话。

关键词：新媒体，创作，公共文化Abstract: As the program of WWW & New Media in China for the first year, the exhibition of Move on China 2019 was held in How Art Museum (Shanghai) on Dec 12, 2019. After the birth of World Wide Web 30 years ago, video and digital art have become the unignorable power in the space of public culture. After the opening ceremony, the opening forum was held, and the participating artists and curators were invited to discuss art creation and new media.Keywords: new media, creation, public culture美丽新世界（Move on China 2019）2019年12月12日—2020年6月28日艺术家：张培力、汪建伟、冯梦波策展人：马珏联合策展人：付了了、周昕展览地点：昊美术馆（上海）主办：昊美术馆张离：2019年是WWW（万维网）发明30周年，在这样一个有纪念意义的时间点，我们重新提出如何看待中国当代艺术的问题。

于翔和他的沙慕尼相机2019-09-07⼀位中国摄影师，为了造⼀台⾃⼰满意的相机⽽创⽴了⼀个相机品牌——这⼤概是关于沙慕尼流传最⼴的故事，这位摄影师就是于翔。

对于翔来说，通过制造⼤画幅相机来获取⾼品质画⾯可以说是出于本能。

经过不断的摸索。

创新和改良，如今沙慕尼被公认为最适合外拍的⼤画幅相机品牌之⼀。

它轻便、坚固，摇摆移轴范围⼤，是不少摄影师眼中的“外拍神器”，同时也是不少相机收藏家眼中的“收藏佳品”。

虽然在业界已经享有相当⾼的知名度，但沙慕尼从来不做商业⼴告，没有中⽂⽹站，甚⾄没有职业经销商，显得⼗分低调。

通过创始⼈于翔的叙述，我们得以揭开神秘的⾯纱，了解到⼀个更加真实、具体的沙慕尼。

“影像质量”与“便捷性”的取舍于翔与⼤画幅摄影的初次接触要追溯到上世纪90年代中期，那时他就读于北京电影学院图⽚摄影专业。

当他使⽤135相机拍摄学校作业时，发现放⼤后的画质差强⼈意，于是跑到潘家园⼆⼿市场花⼏百元买了⼀台⼆⼿⼤画幅相机。

这台相机的画质的确优秀，然⽽实在太旧了，不久便出现了故障。

这台旧相机形成了于翔对⼤画幅的最初印象：做⼯⽋佳，不靠谱。

毕业后于翔购买了⼀台哈苏120柜机，成为了⼀名⾃由摄影师，之后数年没有再使⽤⼤画幅相机。

2000年，⼀次拍摄珠峰绒布冰川的经历改变了他对⼤画幅摄影的看法。

他使⽤⼀台⽊制的骑⼠4×5⼤画幅相机，经过⼀个⽉的拍摄以及后期的印放，才发现⼤画幅相机不仅画质出众，其精度和操作性能丝毫不逊⼲135、120的相机。

于翔事后得出结论：摄影是⼀种⾮常依赖器材的艺术形式，例如没有徕卡就没有布列松，⽽没有⼤画幅也就不会有亚当斯。

在摄影史上，摄影语⾔的变化，发展往往伴随着摄影器材的进步。

然⽽“影像质量”与“获取影像的便捷性”之间往往是⽭盾的，例如135的画质不如1 20，4×5的画质不如8×10；⽽就使⽤的便捷性来说，则正好相反。

作为⼀个追求极⾼影像品质的摄影师，于翔认为⾃⼰可以在便携性上做出让步，这样⼀来⼤画幅就成为了必然的选择。

April 2011Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.English price group 12No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 21.060.60; 21.120.10!$t+4"1810817www.din.de DDIN 471Retaining rings for shafts –Normal type and heavy typeEnglish translation of DIN 471:2011-04Sicherungsringe (Halteringe) für Wellen –Regelausführung und schwere Ausführung Englische Übersetzung von DIN 471:2011-04Anneaux d’arrêt pour arbres –Type standard et type robusteTraduction anglaise de DIN 471:2011-04©SupersedesDIN 471:1981-09www.beuth.deIn case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.Document comprises 24 pages10.11DIN 471:2011-04A comma is used as the decimal marker.Contents PageForeword (3)1 Scope (4)references (4)2 Normative3 Symbols (5)4 Dimensions and design details (6)5 Material (16)6 Finish (16)7 Testing (17)the material (17)7.1 Testingfracture test (17)and7.2 Benddeformation (17)the7.3 Testingtheconical deformation (17)7.3.1 Testingspiral flatness (18)the7.3.2 Testing7.4 Testing the function (permanent set and grip test) (18)7.5 Acceptance inspection (18)bearing capacity (19)8 Load8.1 General (19)8.2 Load bearing capacity of groove F N (19)8.3 Load bearing capacity of retaining ring F R (19)speed (20)9 Detaching10 Design of the groove (21)d2 (21)diameter10.1 Groovem (21)width10.2 Groove10.3 Design of the groove base (22)11 Assembly (23)12 Designation (24)2DIN 471:2011-04ForewordThis standard has been prepared by Working Committee NA 067-00-09 AA Verbindungselemente ohne Gewinde of the Normenausschuss Mechanische Verbindungselemente (Fasteners Standards Committee). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. DIN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.AmendmentsThis standard differs from DIN 471:1981-09 as follows:a) normative references have been updated;b) the specifications for load bearing capacity, detaching speed and assembly have been revised;c) the tolerances on radial run-out have been deleted from Figure 2 (formerly Figure 3);d) in Clause 10, Figure 11 (formerly Figure 14) “Taper assembly” has been revised;e) Figure 10 “Design of groove base” has been included in 10.3;f) examples of designation for retaining rings with corrosion protection have been included;g) the standard has been editorially revised.Previous editionsDIN 471: 1941-12, 1942-11, 1952-01, 1954-01, 1981-09DIN 471 and DIN 472 Supplement 1: 1945-01, 1954x-03DIN 471-1: 1965-03DIN 471-2: 1965-03DIN 995: 1970-013DIN 471:2011-041 ScopeThis standard specifies requirements for retaining rings for shafts and lays down design details for the grooves into which such rings are fitted.NOTE Retaining rings are used to hold components or assemblies (e.g. rolling bearings) on shafts and are suitable for the transmission of axial forces.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.DIN 988, Shim rings and supporting ringsDIN 5254, Pliers for retaining rings for shaftsDIN 50938, Black oxide coatings on iron or steel — Requirements and test methodsDIN EN 10132-4, Cold-rolled narrow steel strip for heat-treatment — Technical delivery conditions — Part 4: Spring steels and other applicationsDIN EN 12476, Phosphate conversion coatings of metals — Method of specifying requirementsDIN EN ISO 3269, Fasteners — Acceptance inspectionDIN EN ISO 4042, Fasteners — Electroplated coatingsDIN EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test methodDIN EN ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)DIN EN ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres — Salt spray testsDIN EN ISO 18265, Metallic materials — Conversion of hardness valuesDIN ISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes — Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection4--`,,,,```,,,,,,`````,,,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---DIN 471:2011-043 Symbolsa radial width of the lugb radial width of retaining ring opposite the aperturec distance between measuring plates for testing spiral flatnessd1shaft diameterd2groove diameterd3internal diameter of retaining ring in the unstressed state--`,,,,```,,,,,,`````,,,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---d4maximum centre line diameter of external clearance during assembly, to be calculated from: d4 = d1 + 2,1 ad5diameter of the assembly holesE modulus of elasticityF force acting on the retaining ring when testing conical deformationF N load bearing capacity of groove at a yield point of the grooved material of 200 MPa (see 8.2)F R load bearing capacity of retaining ring with sharp-edged abutment of a machine component (see 8.3) F Rg load bearing capacity of retaining ring for abutment with edge distance g (see 8.3)g edge distance of the machine component abutting the retaining ringh distance between the plates when testing conical deformationm groove widthn edge marginn abl detaching speed of the retaining ring (see Clause 9)R eL yield pointr curvature in the groove base or test jawss thickness of retaining ringt groove depth with nominal sizes of d1 and d25DIN 471:2011-044 Dimensions and design detailsThe designs shown in Figure 1 are for illustrative purposes only; however, the dimensions of retaining rings and grooves shall be as specified in Tables 1 and 2. The tolerances specified relate to retaining rings in their uncoated condition.UnstressedShape of ring at manufacturer’s discretiona)b)Detail Xd 1 ≤ 9 mm9 mm < d 1 ≤ 300 mmd 1 ≥ 170 mm at manufacturer’sdiscretionKey1 External clearanceFigure 1 — Dimensions of retaining ring (notation)6--`,,,,```,,,,,,`````,,,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---DIN 471:2011-047Figure 2 — Example of installationValues for peak-to-valley height for groove base and loaded edge shall be specified in each case. The design of the groove base shall be as specified in 10.3.--`,,,,```,,,,,,`````,,,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---DIN 471:2011-048Table 1 — Normal typeDimensions in millimetresRing Groove Supplementary data dShaft diameterd 1 s d 3 ab ad 5Mass per 1 000 units in kgd 2bm ctn 4d 4F NF RgF Rgn ablNominal sizeperm.dev.perm. dev.max. ≈ min.≈perm.dev.H13 min. kN kN kN min −1Nominalsize of pliers as in DIN 52543 0,4 2,7 1,9 0,8 1,0 0,017 2,8−0,040,5 0,10 0,3 7,0 0,15 0,47 0,5 0,27 360 000 4 0,4 3,7 2,2 0,9 1,0 0,022 3,8 0,5 0,10 0,3 8,6 0,20 0,50 0,5 0,30 211 000 5 0,6 4,7 2,5 1,1 1,0 0,066 4,8 0,7 0,10 0,3 10,3 0,26 1,00 0,5 0,80 154 0006 0,7 5,6 +0,04 −0,15 2,7 1,3 1,2 0,084 5,7 0 −0,05 0,8 0,15 0,5 11,7 0,46 1,45 0,5 0,90 114 000 7 0,8 6,5 3,1 1,4 1,2 0,121 6,7 0,9 0,15 0,5 13,5 0,54 2,60 0,5 1,40 121 000 8 0,8 0 −0,05 7,4 3,2 1,5 1,2 0,158 7,6 0−0,06 0,9 0,20 0,6 14,7 0,81 3,00 0,5 2,00 96 000 9 1,0 8,4 +0,06 −0,183,3 1,7 1,2 0,300 8,6 1,1 0,20 0,6 16,0 0,92 3,50 0,5 2,40 85 000310 1,0 9,3 3,3 1,8 1,5 0,340 9,6 1,1 0,20 0,6 17,0 1,01 4,00 1,0 2,40 84 000 3; 10 11 1,0 10,2 3,3 1,8 1,5 0,410 10,5 1,1 0,25 0,8 18,0 1,40 4,50 1,0 2,40 70 000 12 1,0 11,0 3,3 1,8 1,7 0,500 11,5 1,1 0,25 0,8 19,0 1,53 5,00 1,0 2,40 75 00013 1,0 11,9 3,4 2,0 1,7 0,530 12,4 1,1 0,30 0,9 20,2 2,00 5,80 1,0 2,40 66 000 14 1,0 12,9 3,5 2,1 1,7 0,640 13,4 1,1 0,30 0,9 21,4 2,15 6,35 1,0 2,40 58 000 15 1,0 13,8 3,6 2,2 1,7 0,670 14,3 1,1 0,35 1,1 22,6 2,66 6,90 1,0 2,40 50 000 16 1,0 14,7 3,7 2,2 1,7 0,700 15,2 1,1 0,40 1,2 23,8 3,26 7,40 1,0 2,40 45 000 171,00 −0,06 15,7+0,10 −0,36 3,8 2,3 1,7 0,820 16,2−0,111,1 0,40 1,2 25,0 3,46 8,00 1,0 2,40 41 00010 See page 13 for a, b, c and d .--`,,,,```,,,,,,`````,,,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---DIN 471:2011-049Table 1 (continued)Dimensions in millimetresRingGroove Supplementary data d Shaft diameterd 1 s d 3 ab ad 5Mass per 1 000 units in kgd 2bm ctn 4d 4F NF RgF Rgn ablNominal size perm.dev.perm. dev.max. ≈ min.≈perm.dev.H13 min. kN kN kN min −1Nominal size of pliers as in DIN 525418 1,20 16,5 3,9 2,4 2,0 1,11 17,0 1,30 0,50 1,5 26,2 4,58 17,0 1,5 3,75 39 000 10 19 1,20 17,5 +0,10 −0,36 3,9 2,5 2,0 1,22 18,0 0−0,11 1,30 0,50 1,5 27,2 4,48 17,0 1,5 3,80 35 000 20 1,20 18,5 4,0 2,6 2,0 1,30 19,0 1,30 0,50 1,5 28,4 5,06 17,1 1,5 3,85 32 000 21 1,20 19,5 4,1 2,7 2,0 1,42 20,0 1,30 0,50 1,5 29,6 5,36 16,8 1,5 3,75 29 00022 1,20 20,5 +0,13 −0,42 4,2 2,8 2,0 1,50 21,0 0−0,13 1,30 0,50 1,5 30,8 5,65 16,9 1,5 3,80 27 000 24 1,20 22,2 4,4 3,0 2,0 1,77 22,9 1,30 0,55 1,7 33,2 6,75 16,1 1,5 3,65 27 000 25 1,20 23,2 4,4 3,0 2,0 1,90 23,9 1,30 0,55 1,7 34,2 7,05 16,2 1,5 3,70 25 000 10; 1926 1,20 24,2 4,5 3,1 2,0 1,96 24,9 1,30 0,55 1,7 35,5 7,34 16,1 1,5 3,70 24 000 28 1,50 25,9 4,7 3,2 2,0 2,92 26,6 1,60 0,70 2,1 37,9 10,00 32,1 1,5 7,50 21 200 29 1,50 26,9 4,8 3,4 2,0 3,20 27,6 1,60 0,70 2,1 39,1 10,37 31,8 1,5 7,45 20 000 30 1,50 27,9 5,0 3,5 2,0 3,31 28,6 0−0,21 1,60 0,70 2,1 40,5 10,73 32,1 1,5 7,65 18 900 32 1,50 29,6 +0,21 −0,425,2 3,6 2,5 3,54 30,31,60 0,85 2,6 43,0 13,85 31,2 2,0 5,55 16 900 34 1,50 31,5 5,4 3,8 2,5 3,80 32,3 1,60 0,85 2,6 45,4 14,72 31,3 2,0 5,60 16 100 35 1,50 32,2 5,6 3,9 2,5 4,00 33,0 1,60 1,00 3,0 46,8 17,80 30,8 2,0 5,55 15 500 36 1,75 33,2 5,6 4,0 2,5 5,00 34,0 1,85 1,00 3,0 47,8 18,33 49,4 2,0 9,00 14 500 38 1,75 35,2 +0,25−0,5 5,8 4,2 2,5 5,62 36,0 1,85 1,00 3,0 50,2 19,30 49,5 2,0 9,10 13 600 19401,750 −0,0636,5+0,39 −0,96,0 4,4 2,5 6,03 37,5−0,25 1,851,253,852,625,3051,02,09,5014 30019; 40See page 13 for a, b, c and d .--`,,,,```,,,,,,`````,,,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---DIN 471:2011-0410Table 1 (continued)Dimensions in millimetresRing Groove Supplementary data dShaft diameterd 1sd 3ab ad 5Massper 1 000 units in kg d 2b m c t n d 4 F N F RgF Rg n ablNominalsizeperm. dev.perm.dev. max. ≈min.≈perm.dev. H13min. kN kNkN min −1Nominal size of pliers as in DIN 525442 1,75 38,56,5 4,5 2,5 6,5 39,5 1,85 1,25 3,8 55,7 26,70 50,0 2,0 9,45 13 000 45 1,75 41,56,7 4,7 2,5 7,5 42,5 1,85 1,25 3,8 59,1 28,60 49,0 2,0 9,35 11 40048 1,75 0−0,0644,56,9 5 2,5 7,9 45,5 1,85 1,25 3,8 62,5 30,70 49,4 2,0 9,55 10 30050 2,0 45,86,9 5,1 2,5 10,2 47,0 2,15 1,50 4,5 64,5 38,00 73,3 2,0 14,40 10 50052 2,0 47,8 +0,39−0,97,0 5,2 2,5 11,1 49,0−0,252,15 1,50 4,5 66,7 39,70 73,1 2,5 11,50 9 85055 2,0 50,8 7,2 5,4 2,5 11,4 52,0 2,15 1,50 4,5 70,2 42,00 71,4 2,5 11,40 8 960 56 2,0 51,8 7,3 5,5 2,5 11,8 53,0 2,15 1,50 4,5 71,6 42,80 70,8 2,5 11,35 8 670 58 2,0 53,8 7,3 5,6 2,5 12,6 55,0 2,15 1,50 4,5 73,6 44,30 71,1 2,5 11,50 8 200 60 2,0 55,8 7,4 5,8 2,5 12,9 57,0 2,15 1,50 4,5 75,6 46,00 69,2 2,5 11,30 7 620 62 2,0 57,8 7,5 6,0 2,5 14,3 59,0 2,15 1,50 4,5 77,8 47,50 69,3 2,5 11,45 7 240 63 2,0 58,8 7,6 6,2 2,5 15,9 60,0 2,15 1,50 4,5 79,0 48,30 70,2 2,5 11,60 7 050 65 2,5 60,8 7,8 6,3 3,0 18,2 62,0 2,65 1,50 4,5 81,4 49,80 135,6 2,5 22,70 6 640 68 2,5 63,5 8,0 6,5 3,0 21,8 65,0 2,65 1,50 4,5 84,8 52,20 135,9 2,5 23,10 6 910 70 2,5 65,5 8,1 6,6 3,0 22,0 67,0 2,65 1,50 4,5 87,0 53,80 134,2 2,5 23,00 6 530 722,5−0,07 67,5+0,46 −1,1 8,2 6,8 3,0 22,5 69,0−0,30 2,65 1,50 4,5 89,2 55,30 131,8 2,5 22,80 6 19040 See page 13 for a, b, c and d .--`,,,,```,,,,,,`````,,,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---DIN 471:2011-0411Table 1 (continued)Dimensions in millimetresRing Groove Supplementary data dShaft diameterd 1sd 3ab ad 5Massper 1 000 units in kg d 2b m c t n d 4 F N F RgF Rg n ablNominal sizeperm.dev.perm.dev. max. ≈min.≈perm.dev. H13 min.kN kNkN min −1Nominal size of pliers as in DIN 525475 2,5 70,5 8,4 7,0 3,0 24,6 72,0 2,65 1,50 4,5 92,7 57,60 130,0 2,5 22,80 5 740 78 2,5 73,5 8,6 7,3 3,0 26,2 75,0 2,65 1,50 4,5 96,1 60,00 131,3 3,0 19,75 5 450 80 2,5 74,5 8,6 7,4 3,0 27,3 76,5 2,65 1,75 5,3 98,1 71,60 128,4 3,0 19,50 6 10082 2,5 0 −0,07 76,5 8,7 7,6 3,0 31,2 78,5 0−0,3 2,65 1,75 5,3 100,3 73,50 128,0 3,0 19,60 5 860 40 85 3,0 79,5 +0,46 −1,18,7 7,8 3,5 36,4 81,53,15 1,75 5,3 103,3 76,20 215,4 3,0 33,40 5 71088 3,0 82,5 8,8 8,0 3,5 41,2 84,5 3,15 1,75 5,3 106,5 79,00 221,8 3,0 34,85 5 20090 3,0 84,5 8,8 8,2 3,5 44,5 86,5 3,15 1,75 5,3 108,5 80,80 217,2 3,0 34,40 4 98095 3,0 89,5 9,4 8,6 3,5 49,0 91,5 3,15 1,75 5,3 114,8 85,50 212,2 3,5 29,25 4 550 40; 85 100 3,0 0 −0,08 94,5 9,6 9,0 3,5 53,7 96,5 0−0,543,15 1,755,3 120,2 90,00 206,4 3,5 29,00 4 180 105 4,0 98,0 9,9 9,3 3,5 80,0 101,0 4,15 2,006,0 125,8 107,60 471,8 3,5 67,70 4 740 110 4,0 103,0 10,1 9,6 3,5 82,0 106,0 4,15 2,006,0 131,2 113,00 457,0 3,5 66,90 4 340 115 4,0108,0 10,6 9,8 3,5 84,0 111,0 4,15 2,006,0 137,3 118,20 438,63,5 65,50 3 970120 4,0 113,0 11,0 10,2 3,5 86,0 116,00 −0,544,15 2,00 6,0 143,1 123,50 424,6 3,5 64,50 3 685 85125 4,0 118,0 +0,54−1,311,4 10,4 4,0 90,0 121,04,15 2,00 6,0 149,0 128,70 411,5 4,0 56,50 3 420 130 4,0 123,0 11,6 10,7 4,0 100,0 126,04,15 2,006,0 154,4 134,00 395,54,0 55,20 3 1801354,0 0−0,1128,0 +0,63 −1,5 11,8 11,0 4,0 104,0 131,0−0,634,15 2,00 6,0 159,8 139,20 389,5 4,0 55,40 2 950eSee page 13 for a, b, c, d and e .DIN 471:2011-0412Table 1 (continued)Dimensions in millimetresRing Groove Supplementary data dShaft diameterd 1sd 3ab ad 5Massper 1 000 units in kg d 2b m c t n d 4 F N F RgF Rg n ablNominal sizeperm.dev.perm.dev. max. ≈min.≈perm.dev. H13 min.kN kNkN min −1Nominal size of pliers as in DIN 5254140 4,0 133,0 12,0 11,2 4,0 110,0 136,0 4,15 2,0 6,0 165,2 144,5 376,5 4,0 54,4 2 760 145 4,0 138,0 12,2 11,5 4,0 115,0 141,0 4,15 2,0 6,0 170,6 149,6 367,0 4,0 53,8 2 600 150 4,0 142,0 13,0 11,8 4,0 120,0 145,0 4,15 2,5 7,5 177,3 193,0 357,5 4,0 53,4 2 480 155 4,0 146,0 13,0 12,0 4,0 135,0 150,0 4,15 2,5 7,5 182,3 199,6 352,9 4,0 52,6 2 710 160 4,0 151,0 13,3 12,2 4,0 150,0 155,0 4,15 2,5 7,5 188,0 206,1 349,2 4,0 52,2 2 540 165 4,0 155,5 13,5 12,5 4,0 160,0 160,04,15 2,5 7,5 193,4 212,5 345,3 5,0 41,4 2 520 170 4,0 160,5 13,5 12,9 4,0 170,0 165,04,15 2,5 7,5 198,4 219,1 349,2 5,0 41,9 2 440 175 4,0 165,5 13,5 12,9 4,0 180,0 170,04,15 2,5 7,5 203,4 225,5 340,1 5,0 40,7 2 300180 4,0 170,4 14,2 13,5 4,0 190,0 175,0 4,15 2,5 7,5 210,0 232,2 345,3 5,0 41,4 2 180185 4,0 175,5 +0,63 −1,5 14,2 13,5 4,0 200,0 180,0 0−0,63 4,15 2,5 7,5 215,0 238,6 336,7 5,0 40,4 2 070190 4,0 180,5 14,2 14,0 4,0 210,0 185,0 4,15 2,5 7,5 220,0 245,1 333,8 5,0 40,0 1 970 195 4,0 185,5 14,2 14,0 4,0 220,0 190,0 4,15 2,5 7,5 225,0 251,8 325,4 5,0 39,0 1 835 200 4,0−0,1190,5 14,2 14,0 4,0 230,0 195,0 4,15 2,5 7,5 230,0 258,3 319,2 5,0 38,3 1 770210 5,0 198,0 14,2 14,0 4,0 248,0 204,0 5,15 3,0 9,0 240,0 325,1 598,2 6,0 59,9 1 835220 5,0 208,0 14,2 14,0 4,0 265,0 214,0 5,15 3,0 9,0 250,0 340,8 572,4 6,0 57,3 1 620 230 5,0 218,0 14,2 14,0 4,0 290,0 224,0 5,15 3,0 9,0 260,0 356,6 548,9 6,0 55,0 1 445 2405,00 −0,12 228,0+0,72 −1,7 14,2 14,0 4,0 310,0 234,0−0,725,15 3,0 9,0 270,0 372,6 530,3 6,0 53,0 1 305e See page 13 for a, b, c, d and e .DIN 471:2011-0413Table 1 (continued)Dimensions in millimetresRing Groove Supplementary data dShaft diameterd 1sd 3ab ad 5Massper 1 000 units in kg d 2b m c t n d 4 F N F RgF Rg n ablNominalsizeperm.dev.perm. dev.max. ≈ min.≈perm.dev.H13 min. kN kN kN min −1Nominal size of pliers as in DIN 5254250 5,0 238,0 14,2 14,0 4,0 335,0 244,0 0−0,725,15 3,0 9,0 280 388,3 504,3 6,0 50,5 1 180 260 5,0 245,0 +0,72 −1,716,2 16,0 5,0 355,0252,0 5,15 4,0 12,0 294 535,8 540,6 6,0 54,6 1 320 270 5,0 255,0 16,2 16,0 5,0 375,0 262,0 5,15 4,0 12,0 304 556,6 525,3 6,0 52,5 1 215 280 5,0 265,0 16,2 16,0 5,0 398,0 272,0 5,15 4,0 12,0 314 576,6 508,2 6,0 50,9 1 100 290 5,0 275,0 16,2 16,0 5,0 418,0 282,0 5,15 4,0 12,0 324 599,1 490,8 6,0 49,2 1 005 3005,00 −0,12 285,0+0,81 −2 16,2 16,0 5,0 440,0 292,0−0,815,15 4,0 12,0 334 619,1 475,0 6,0 47,5 930ea Dimensionb shall not exceed dimension a max. b See 10.1.c See 10.2.d The supplementary data apply only to retaining rings made of spring steel as in DIN EN 10132-4. ePliers are available in special designs.--`,,,,```,,,,,,`````,,,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---DIN 471:2011-0414Table 2 — Heavy typeDimensions in millimetresRing Groove Supplementary data dShaft diameterd 1sd 3a b a d 5 Mass per1 000 units in kgd 2bm c t n d 4 F N F RgF Rg n ablNominal size perm.dev.perm. dev.max. ≈ min. ≈perm.dev.H13 min. kN kNkN min −1Nominal size of pliers as in DIN 525415 1,5013,8 4,8 2,4 2,0 1,10 14,3 1,600,35 1,1 25,1 2,66 15,5 1,0 6,40 57 00016 1,5014,7 5,0 2,5 2,0 1,19 15,2 1,600,40 1,2 26,5 3,26 16,6 1,0 6,35 44 00017 1,5015,7 5,0 2,6 2,0 1,39 16,2 1,600,40 1,2 27,5 3,46 18,0 1,0 6,70 46 00018 1,5016,5+0,10 −0,36 5,1 2,7 2,0 1,56 17,0−0,111,600,50 1,5 28,74,58 26,6 1,55,85 42 7501020 1,7518,5 5,5 3,0 2,0 2,19 19,0 1,850,50 1,5 31,6 5,06 36,3 1,5 8,20 36 00022 1,7520,5+0,13−0,426,0 3,1 2,0 2,42 21,0 0 −0,13 1,850,50 1,5 34,65,65 36,0 1,58,10 29 00024 1,75 0−0,06 22,2 6,3 3,2 2,0 2,76 22,9 1,850,55 1,7 37,3 6,75 34,2 1,5 7,60 29 20025 2,0023,2 6,4 3,4 2,0 3,59 23,9 2,150,55 1,7 38,5 7,05 45,0 1,5 10,30 25 00010; 19 28 2,0025,9 6,5 3,5 2,0 4,25 26,6 2,150,70 2,1 41,7 10,00 57,0 1,5 13,40 22 20030 2,0027,9 6,5 4,1 2,0 5,35 28,6 0−0,212,150,70 2,1 43,7 10,70 57,0 1,5 13,60 21 10032 2,0029,6+0,21 −0,42 6,5 4,1 2,5 5,85 30,32,150,85 2,6 45,7 13,80 55,5 2,0 10,00 18 40034 2,5031,5 6,6 4,2 2,5 7,05 32,3 2,650,85 2,6 47,9 14,70 87,0 2,0 15,60 17 80035 2,5032,2 6,7 4,2 2,5 7,20 33,0 2,651,00 3,0 49,1 17,80 86,0 2,0 15,40 16 50038 2,5035,2 +0,25−0,56,8 4,3 2,5 8,30 36,0 2,651,00 3,0 52,3 19,30 101,0 2,0 18,60 14 50019 40 2,5036,5 7,0 4,4 2,5 8,60 37,5 2,651,25 3,8 54,7 25,30 104,0 2,0 19,30 14 300422,500 −0,07 38,5 +0,39 −0,97,2 4,5 2,5 9,30 39,5 0 −0,252,651,25 3,8 57,2 26,70 102,0 2,019,20 13 00019; 40 See page 15 for a, b, c and d .--`,,,,```,,,,,,`````,,,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---DIN 471:2011-0415Table 2 (continued)Dimensions in millimetresRing Groove Supplementary data dShaft diameterd 1sd 3ab ad 5Massper 1 000units in kg d 2b m c t n d 4 F N F RgF Rg n ablNominal sizeperm.dev.perm.dev. max. ≈min.≈perm.dev. H13 min.kN kN kNmin −1Nominal size of pliers as in DIN 525445 2,5 41,5 7,5 4,7 2,5 10,7 42,5 2,65 1,25 3,8 60,8 28,6 100,0 2,0 19,1 11 400 48 2,5 0−0,0744,5 7,8 5,0 2,5 11,3 45,5 2,65 1,25 3,8 64,4 30,7 101,0 2,0 19,5 10 300 50 3,0 45,8 8,0 5,1 2,5 15,3 47,0 3,15 1,50 4,5 66,8 38,0 165,0 2,0 32,4 10 500 52 3,0 47,8+0,39 −0,98,2 5,2 2,5 16,6 49,00 −0,253,15 1,504,5 69,339,7 165,0 2,526,0 9 850 55 3,0 50,88,5 5,4 2,5 17,1 52,0 3,15 1,50 4,5 72,9 42,0 161,0 2,5 25,6 8 960 58 3,0 53,8 8,8 5,6 2,5 18,9 55,0 3,15 1,50 4,5 76,544,3 160,0 2,5 26,0 8 200 60 3,0−0,08 55,8 9,0 5,8 2,5 19,4 57,0 3,15 1,50 4,5 78,946,0 156,0 2,5 25,4 7 620 19; 40 65 4,0 60,8 9,3 6,3 3,0 29,1 62,0 4,15 1,50 4,5 84,6 49,8 346,0 2,5 58,0 6 640 70 4,0 65,5 9,5 6,6 3,0 35,3 67,0 4,15 1,50 4,5 90,0 53,8 343,0 2,5 59,0 6 53075 4,0 70,59,7 7,0 3,0 39,3 72,0 4,15 1,50 4,5 95,4 57,6 333,0 2,5 58,0 5 740 80 4,0 74,59,8 7,4 3,0 43,7 76,5 0−0,304,15 1,755,3 100,6 71,6 328,0 3,050,0 6 100 4085 4,0 79,5 +0,46 −1,110,0 7,8 3,5 48,5 81,5 4,15 1,75 5,3 106,0 76,2 383,0 3,059,4 5 710 90 4,0 84,5 10,2 8,2 3,5 59,4 86,5 4,15 1,75 5,3 111,5 80,8 386,0 3,0 61,0 4 980 1004,0 0−0,194,5+0,54 −1,310,5 9,0 3,5 71,6 96,5 0−0,354,15 1,75 5,3 122,1 90,0 368,0 3,5 51,6 4 18040; 85 a Dimension b shall not exceed dimension a max. b See 10.1. c See 10.2. dThe supplementary data apply only to retaining rings made of spring steel as in DIN EN 10132-4.--`,,,,```,,,,,,`````,,,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---DIN 471:2011-045 MaterialC67S or C75S spring steel as in DIN EN 10132-4 (at the manufacturer’s discretion).The hardness shall be as specified in Table 3.Table 3 — Hardness of retaining ringsRetaining ring for shaft diameter d1Hardnessd1≤ 48 mm 470 HV to 580 HV or 47 HRC to 54 HRC48 mm < d1≤ 200 mm 435 HV to 530 HV or 44 HRC to 51 HRC200 mm < d1≤ 300 mm 390 HV to 470 HV or 40 HRC to 47 HRCHardness values converted in accordance with DIN EN ISO 18265.6 FinishRetaining rings shall be free from burr.Retaining rings are normally supplied provided with corrosion protection in accordance with Table 4 (at the manufacturer’s discretion). No special details concerning this condition on delivery are to be stated in the designation of a retaining ring.Table 4 — Anti-corrosion treatment of retaining ringsNo. Typeofanti-corrosiontreatment Corrosionresistance1 Phosphated and oiled in accordance withDIN EN 12476Symbol: Znph/r/…/T4No sign of corrosion permitted after8 hours exposure to salt spray testDIN EN ISO 9227 — NSS.2 Blackened and oiled in accordance withDIN 50938Process class ASymbol: br A fDegree of protection as in DIN 50938If a particular anti-corrosion treatment is required, either of the type specified in Table 4 or of a different type, the designation of the retaining ring shall be supplemented accordingly.In the case of retaining rings provided with a coating other than those specified in Table 4, the upper limit of the ring thickness s may be exceeded by the thickness of the coating required. This shall be taken into account when dimensioning the groove.NOTE 1 When applying surface coatings to retaining rings, it is not possible to maintain closely toleranced coating thicknesses.NOTE 2 As regards the risk of hydrogen-induced delayed brittle fracture in the case of retaining rings with electroplated coating, DIN EN ISO 4042 shall be observed.NOTE 3 An example of designation is given in Clause 12.16--`,,,,```,,,,,,`````,,,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---DIN 471:2011-047 Testing7.1 Testing the materialVickers hardness test in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6507-1Rockwell hardness test in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6508-1In cases of doubt, the Vickers hardness test is decisive.7.2 Bend and fracture testTesting of the retaining ring for ductility shall be carried out in accordance with Figure 3.Figure 3 — Bend testOne half of the retaining ring is clamped between two jaws, one of which has a radius equal to the thickness of the ring (r = s) (see Figure 3). The ring is then bent through 30° by repeated light hammer blows or using a lever, following which there shall be no fractures or cracks in the ring.7.3 Testing the deformation7.3.1 Testing the conical deformationThe retaining ring is placed between two parallel plates and loaded as shown in Figure 4. The distance h – s measured under force F shall not exceed the maximum value given in Table 5.KeyF ForceFigure 4 — Testing the conical deformation17--`,,,,```,,,,,,`````,,,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---DIN 471:2011-04Table 5 — Conical deformationForce F N ± 5 % h – sRetaining ring for shaft diameter d 1Normal typeHeavy typemax.d 1 ≤ 22 mm 30 60 22 mm < d 1 ≤ 38 mm 40 80 38 mm < d 1 ≤ 82 mm 60 120 b × 0,0382 mm < d 1 ≤ 150 mm 80 160 150 mm < d 1 ≤ 300 mm150 300b × 0,027.3.2 Testing the spiral flatnessThe retaining ring shall fall through two parallel, perpendicular plates with a clearance c (see Figure 5) as given in Table 6.Table 6 — Spiral flatnessRetaining ring for shaftdiameter d 1c d 1 ≤ 100 mm1,5 × s 100 mm < d 1 ≤ 300 mm1,8 × sFigure 5 — Testing the spiral flatness7.4 Testing the function (permanent set and grip test)The retaining ring shall be passed three times over a taper with a diameter of 1,01 × d 1 as shown in Figure 11, which may cause a permanent deformation. The ring shall then be fitted onto a bolt of minimum groove diameter d 2, where it shall be held under its own weight.7.5 Acceptance inspectionFor acceptance inspection, the principles for testing and acceptance specified in DIN EN ISO 3269 shall apply.See Table 7 for characteristics and Table 8 for the acceptance quality level.18--`,,,,```,,,,,,`````,,,,,`,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---DIN 471:2011-04Table 7 — CharacteristicsCharacteristicsThickness of retaining ring sInternal diameter of retaining ring in the unstressed state d 3 Conical deformation Spiral flatnessFunction (set and grip)Table 8 — Acceptable quality level AQLAcceptable quality level AQL afor testing characteristics for testing faulty parts1 1,5aSee DIN ISO 2859-1.If other sampling plans are to be applied, this shall be agreed at the time of ordering. For hardness testing, DIN EN ISO 3269 shall apply.The hardness test of retaining rings shall be regarded as a destructive test.8 Load bearing capacity8.1 GeneralDimensioning of a retaining ring assembly requires separate calculations for the load bearing capacity of the groove F N and for the load bearing capacity of the retaining ring F R . In each case the resulting lower value is decisive. The load bearing capacities listed in Tables 1 and 2 (F N , F R , F Rg ) contain no safety factor against yield under static stress or against fatigue fracture under swelling stress. There is at least twice the level of safety against fracture under static stress.8.2 Load bearing capacity of groove F NThe values of F N given in Tables 1 and 2 apply for a yield point of the material in the region of the shaft groove of R eL = 200 MPa as well as for the given nominal groove depths t and edge margins n .The load bearing capacity for deviating groove depths t ' and yield points R 'eL shall be calculated using Equation (1):200'''eL N N R t t F F ⋅⋅= (1)8.3 Load bearing capacity of retaining ring F RThe values of F R given in Tables 1 and 2 apply for an assembly over the maximum diameter 1,01 × d 1 (see Clause 11) and up to the given detaching speed n abl (see Clause 9) as well as for a sharp-edged abutment of the machine component (see Figure 6).19'N F。

BASED on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) pro-posed by Chinese Presi-dent Xi Jinping in 2013,the Belt and Road Film Festival Alliance and the Belt and Road Film Week were founded at the 21st Shanghai International Film Festival (SIFF) in June 2018. In the past five years membership of the alliance has grown from 31 film institutions in 29 countries to 55 institutions in 48 countries. It pro-vides an international platform for filmmakers to jointly improve the ability of film curation, promote mutual understanding and coop-eration, and explore development models of film festivals.SIFF is the first competitive feature film festival in China. With its influence in the world, SIFF has helped the alliance and the film week gain a reputation in China and other BRI countries. It not only enables Chinese audiences and filmmakers to see a largeBy ZHANG JINGCHAOfirstLights, Camera, Action: The Belt and Road Film Festival AllianceOver the past five years, the Belt and Road Film Festival Alliance has grown exponentially in its quest to promote cultural exchange through international film festivals.SIFF is thefirst compet-itive feature film festival in China.number of films from BRI coun-tries, but also provides filmmakers more opportunities to show their works and create new opportuni-ties for cooperation on the inter-national stage.Over the past five years, there have been countless cultural ex-changes through films. In 2018, the Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival screened films from BRI countries. Chinese films, Absurd Accident directed by Li Yuhe and Soul on a String directed by Zhang Yang, were shown. Jointly produced by Lebanon, France, and the U.S., Capernaum was seen by Chinese audiences at the Belt and Road Film Week in Shanghai in 2018. Af-ter its 2019 release in China’s main-land, the film earned RMB 376 mil-lion at the box office. Meanwhile, Chinese director Zheng Dasheng was a jury member of the CineFest Miskolc International Film Festival in 2019, and Chinese actress and producer Zhao Tao sat on the jury of the Durban International Film Festival in 2022.These exchanges and coopera-tion are the original intention of the alliance and film week. With increasing interactions between film festivals in BRI countries, the scope of film exchange is ex-panding, and the mechanisms of mutual sharing and promotion for filmmakers are also playing a greater role.Sha Dan, curator of the China People enjoy an outdoor movie screening at the Belt and Road Film Week inShanghai on July27, 2020.40 overseas co-production films, and one film co-produced by China and a foreign country.A cross-cultural communica-tion research report jointly re-leased by the School of Journalism of Fudan University and Shanghai International Film and TV Festi-vals Center at the Belt and Road Film Week in June 2023 says that Chinese films pay attention toand Road Film Week are those recommended by alliance mem-bers and then selected by SIFF experts to ensure the diversity of categories and high quality of pro-duction. In the past five years, the film week has shown 91 films by 95 directors from 46 countries, in-cluding 23 female directors. It hasalso included 49 independently produced films from 31 countries,Film Archive, said that the film week is a very valuable platform. The members of the alliance can easily connect with SIFF and show their works to Chinese audiences promptly. It also forms a film eco-system integrating film festivals, film distribution, and art cinemas.Spreading Chinese StoriesThe films exhibited in the Beltseeking common values. They cov-er wide global themes such as thefamily and kinship, and humansand nature. In terms of aestheticstyle, the films have moved awayfrom the stylized sensory stimula-tion of Western commercial films,in favor of national and Easternbeauty, leaving the audience tothink more about what they haveseen.The report also says that amongthe exhibited Chinese films at thefilm week, those themed on ethnicminorities account for the highestproportion, at 31 percent, whilefamily dramas rank second with28 percent. “For example, Girls Always Happy tells a story about the relationship between a motherand daughter, Sister is about fam-ily love, Ala Changso explores the meaning of life through a family journey in Lhasa, and Anima tells the story of a lumberjack protect-ing a primitive forest in northeast China. All these films are focused on international trends and global issues, so they can resonate with cross-cultural communication,” said Tang Jun, a researcher at the School of Journalism of Fudan University. He also said that inter-views and surveys indicate that these types of films will be popular among BRI countries and overseas audiences.Some Chinese filmmakers andpeople working in related indus-tries have come up with the ideaof adapting their own stories intofilms. A woman surnamed Wang,who works in a cultural communi-cation enterprise in the ShanghaiInternational Resort, said: “Mywork relates to offline drama inthe theater. After I noticed theplatform of the film week, I feel my drama can be adapted into afilm and participate in festivalsand competitions in the future.”Hearing InternationalVoicesWhile spreading Chinese sto-ries, the film week has also pro-vided a platform for members ofthe alliance to communicate andcooperate with each other, show-ing the diversity of the world in theChinese market.Indonesian director Kamila An-dini’s third film Yuni was screenedduring the film week in June 2023.She usually focuses on Indonesianthemes in local languages, butthe language difference does nothinder her films from being shownin China. “Although many differ-ences exist between cultures, thereare also many commonalities thatpeople can understand. There areover 300 dialects in Indonesia, andwe use these dialects to expressand convey emotions along withgestures and cultural signals. I be-lieve that these dialects can show-case the diversity of films. I usuallymake movies in local languages,and am surprised that so many au-diences can become emotionallyconnected with my local stories,regardless of language. Therefore,I think this not only applies inIndonesia, but also globally,” saidAndini.Sha Dan said that individualityis a prominent feature of the filmfestival. “It has gathered many au-diences and shows them moviesfrom countries that they are notfamiliar with. China has proposedmany important initiatives, suchas the Global Civilization Initia-tive and the Global DevelopmentInitiative. Films can help the audi-ences to learn various customs andproblems of different countries,so that people can compare andcommunicate based on their ownexperiences, which can also helpimprove the efforts of the alliance,”said Sha.Through the film week and thealliance, many foreign filmmakershave felt the vitality of the Chinesemarket. “The other day, I had a dis-cussion with a producer and someaudience members. We talkedabout his movie which is related toa specific region, and the producerwas concerned about whether themovie could have internationalappeal. However, when he enteredIn addition to promot-ing film exchanges and cooper-ation, inter-national film festivals also have a goal to cul-tivate young filmmakers.cultivatethe cinema, he was surprised to find that it was fully booked. Many audience members wanted his autograph and wanted to chat with him about the movie. He was very excited as he did not expect such a reaction. This showcases the best aspect of the film week, as it fires up both the audience and the filmmakers,” said Armin Hadzic, an official of the Sarajevo Film Festival. He also praised SIFF for organizing various forums to promote the exchange among filmmakers across the world.Tang Jun said that the film week covers the themes of hu-manistic care, family narrative,and common concerns in various cultures, which resonate with audiences. He also said that the value of the film week lies in the discovery of some excellent films that may not be seen at other international film festivals. The diversification of the film week makes up for their lack of market presence, due to the dominance of commercial blockbusters, and has created a doorway to break through.Nurturing Young FilmmakersIn addition to promoting film exchanges and cooperation, in-ternational film festivals also have a goal to cultivate young filmmak-ers.Project pitches, training and master classes are currently the main methods adopted by most film festivals to help cultivate young filmmakers. According to He Wenquan, general manager of Shanghai International Film and TV Festivals Co., Ltd., SIFF consists of six parts: short video, short film, venture capital, proj-ects training, Asian New Talent, and Golden Goblet Awards. A cul-tivation plan for young filmmak-ers called SIFF YOUNG will also be launched. It will help create a feeder system for the young film-makers of BRI countries.The film screening during the festival is an opportunity for many young filmmakers to learn from others. The talent cultivation sys-tem has also been integrated in different sections of the festival. A new workshop for young film-makers, launched at the film week in June 2023, invited experts from film festivals and film companies to discuss with filmmakers practi-cal strategies for integrating con-tent creation with international production and distribution, shar-ing experiences and exploring new models for future development.“After a period of cooperation and exchange between Chinese filmmakers and international counterparts, they can find inte-gration opportunities and form a new film style with more Chinese characteristics. This is a glorious moment when Chinese films are coming into their own,” said He. CZHANG JINGCHAO is a reporter at China Business Journal .An audience dis-cussion after the screening of Six Weeks at the Belt and Road Film Week in Shanghai on June 11, 2023.。