新编英语教程6_Unit_9_A_Red_Light_for_Scofflaws

新编英语教程6练习与答案高级英语（二）教与学指南Practice TestsforAdvanced English(2)主编张华鸿第五、六册本书的主要特点：1．2．前言编写本书的目的：目前英语专业三年级所使用的由上海外国语大学李观仪教授主编的〈新编英语教程〉紧扣精读课文编写练习，实用性、针对性强。

对于同义词辨析的练习配以详尽的解释和相应的例句，旨在帮助学生真正弄懂并掌握这些词的用法。

3．设计了旨在提高学生语言运用熟练程度的系列练习，分别为：一、英语释义二、英语句型转换三、汉译英四、完形填空五、成段改错4．练习均配有参考答案。

本书由张华鸿主编。

高华老师负责编写同义词辨析部分；郑艳丽老师负责编写句型转换部分；张华鸿老师负责编写英语释义、汉译英、完形填空和成段改错四部分，以及全书的编排、设计、整合与审编定稿等工作。

本书承华南师范大学外国语言文化学院领导的大力支持，以及英语系高年级教研室全体同仁的热心帮助，编者在此表示衷心的感谢。

编者2021年1月于华南师范大学外文学院ContentsUnit One: *****S ERUPTSUnit Two: THE FINE ART OF ***** THINGS OFFUnit Three: WALLS AND *****SUnit Four: THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？Unit Five: THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？Unit Six: DULL WORKUnit Seven: BEAUTYUnit Eight: *****EUnit Nine: A RED LIGHT FOR *****WSUnit Ten: *****T-A *****ACYUnit Eleven: ON *****ING *****IPTS TOFLOPPY DISCS AND *****S TO *****NUnit Twelve: GRANT AND LEEUnit Thirteen: *****SMUnit Fourteen: THAT *****ING *****---NATUREUnit Fifteen: *****G AS **********3 16 28 40 53 65 74 84 98 114 131 147 163 175 191TEXT I Unit One*****S ERUPTSI. Paraphrase the parts underlined in the following:So the letter which you asked me to write on my uncle s death has made you eager tohear about the terrors and also the hazards I had to face 12I took a bath, dined, and then dozed 3had been earth 4Campania: but that night the shocks were so violent that everything fell as if it were notonly shaken but overturned.I don t know whether I should call this courage or 5on my part (I was onlyseventeen at the time) but I 6 and went on reading as if I hadnothing else to do.Up came a friend of my uncle s who had just come from Spain to join him. When hesaw us sitting there and me actually reading, he scolded us both ―me for my 7and my mother for allowing it.By now it was dawn [25 August in the year 79], but the light was still dim and 8The buildings round us were already 9and the open space we were in was toosmall for us not to be in real and 10danger if the house collapsed. This finally 11to leave the town. We were followed by a panic- stricken mob of peoplewanting to act on someone else s decision 12looks like 13who 14in a densecrowd.We also saw the sea sucked away and apparently forced back by the earthquake: at anyrate it receded from the shore so that 1516sand. On the landward side a fearful black cloud was 17of flame, and parted to reveal great tongues of fire, like flashes of lightning magnified insize.At this point my uncle s friend from Spain 18still more urgently: “If yourbrother, if your uncle is still alive, he will want you both to be saved; if he is dead, he wouldwant you to survive him so why put off your escape?”Soon afterwards the cloud sank down to earth and covered the sea; it had already 19Capri and hidden the promontory of Misenum from sight. Then my mother 20I looked round: a dense black cloud was coming up behind us, spreading over the earthlike a flood. “Let us leave the road while we can still see,” I said, “or we shall be knockeddown and 21in the dark by the crowd behind.”You could hear the shrieks of women, the 22some were calling their parents, others their children or their wives, trying to recognize them by their voices. People 23were some who 2425gods, but still more imagined there were no gods left, and that the universe was plungedinto eternal darkness forevermore. There were people, too, who 26inventing 27part was on fire, and though their tales were false they found others to believe them. A 28than daylight.I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear 2930dying with me and I with it.We returned to Misenum where we 31and then spent an anxious night alternating between hope and fear.II. Rewrite the followingFor each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to1. We were followed by a panic-stricken mob of people wanting to act on someone else sdecision in preference to their own, who hurried us on our wayby pressing hard behindin a dense crowd.2. We replied that we would not think of considering our own safety as long as we wereuncertain of his.3. There were people, too, who added to the real perils by inventing fictitious dangers: somereported that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, and though theirtales were false they found others to believe them.4. I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear escaped me in these perils, had I not derivedsome poor consolation in my mortal lot from the belief that the whole world was dyingwith me and I with it.5. Several hysterical individuals made their own and other people s calamities seemludicrous in comparison with their frightful predictions.Compared with several individuals frightful predictions, the calamities____________III. Translate the following into English1. 还未等我们坐下来喘息，夜幕已经降临，这黑暗使你觉得不是在无月色或多云的夜晚，而像是在灯火熄灭的紧闭的房间里。

Unit OneTEXT IVESUVIUS ERUPTSII. Rewrite the followingFor each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.1. We were followed by a panic-stricke n mob of people wanting to act on someone else‟s decision in preference to their own, who hurried us on our way by pressing hard behind in a dense crowd.Panic-stricken, the mob of people close behind us ___________ _ 2. We replied that we would not think of considering our own safety as long as we were uncertain of his.Unless we were ___________________________________3. There were people, too, who added to the real perils by inventing fictitious dangers: some reported that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, and though their tales were false they found others to believe them.By reporting that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, _______4. I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear escaped me in these perils, had I not derived some poor consolation in my mortal lot from the belief that the whole world was dying with me and I with it.Because I derived some poor consolation_____________________5. Several hysterical individuals made their own and other people‟s calamities seem ludicrous in comparison with their frightful predictions.Compared with several individuals‟ frigh tful predictions, the calamities____________III. Translate the following into English1. 还未等我们坐下来喘息，夜幕已经降临，这黑暗使你觉得不是在无月色或多云的夜晚，而像是在灯火熄灭的紧闭的房间里。

第1单元避免两词铭记两词在生活中，没有什么比顿悟更令人激动，更有益处了，它可以改变一个人，不仅仅是改变，而且变得更好，当然这种顿悟的时刻很罕见，但仍然会降临到我们所有人身上，它有时来自于一本书，一次不到一句诗歌，有时来自于一个朋友，在曼哈顿一个寒冷的冬季下午，我坐在一个法国小餐馆儿里，倍感失落和压抑，因为我的几次错误估算，一个对我人生至关重要的项目落空了，就连马上要见到一个老朋友（这个老人，我常私下亲切的这样想到他）的念头，都不像以前那样让我兴奋，我坐在桌边，皱起眉头看着色彩多样的桌布，反复咀嚼着自己的失误。

他来了，穿过街道，裹着旧大衣，不成形的毡帽低低的压在光头上，看上去不像是一个有名的精神病医生，倒像是一个精力充沛的小土地神，他的几个办公室就在附近，我知道他看完今天的最后一个病人，他年近80，但仍然拎着装满文件的公文包，工作起来像一个大机构的主管，只要有空，他仍然爱溜去打高尔夫球。

他敏锐的观察力早已不让我感到惊奇，于是我就详细的把烦恼告诉了他，带着一丝忧伤的自豪，我尽量的陈述实情，对自己的失意，我只能怪自己，不怪任何人，我分析了整件事情，所有的错误判断，以及不明智的行动，我讲了约有15分钟，老人默默的喝着啤酒。

老人从纸盒里拿出一盒磁带，放进录音机，然后说，磁带上有到我这里来求助的三个人的简短录音，当然我不告诉你是谁，我想让你听听，看你是否能找出，一个两字短语，是三个案例所共有的。

他笑道，别这么困惑，我有我的理由。

在我看来，磁带上三个人所共有的不是愉快的事，首先讲话的是个男人，他显然做生意遭受了一些损失，或经历了失败，他怪自己工作不够努力，没有远见，第二个说话的是个女人，他一直未婚，因为他要对自己的寡母尽孝心，他痛苦的回忆了被自己放弃的所有嫁人的机会，第三个说话的是位母亲，她十多岁的儿子被警察抓了，她不停的责备自己。

老人关掉录音机，靠在椅子上：“这些录音中有一个充满微妙毒性的短语，反复出现了六次，你听出来了吗？没有，噢，这可能是因为几分钟前在餐馆里，你自己说了三次。

Unit Nine Text I A Red Light for Scofflaws Frank Trippettw-and-order is the longest-running and probably the best-loved political issue in U.S. history. Y et it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as lawbreakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society. Indeed, there are moments today—amid outlaw litter, tax cheating, illicit noise and motorized anarchy—when it seems as though the scofflaw represents the wave of the future. Harvard Sociologist David Riesman suspects that a majority of Americans have blithely taken to committing supposedly minor derelictions as a matter of course. Already, Riesman says, the ethic of U.S. society is in danger of becoming this: "Y ou're a fool if you obey the rules."2.Nothing could be more obvious than the evidence supporting Riesman. Scofflaws abound in amazing variety. The graffiti-prone turn public surfaces into visual rubbish. Bicyclists often ride as though two-wheeled vehicles are exempt from all traffic laws. Litterbugs convert their communities into trash dumps. Widespread flurries of ordinances have failed to clear public places of high-decibel portable radios, just as earlier laws failed to wipe out the beer-soaked hooliganism that plagues many parks. Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say NO SMOKING. Respectably dressed pot smokers no longer bother to duck out of public sight to pass around a joint. The flagrant use of cocaine is a festering scandal in middle-and upper-class life. And then there are (hello, Everybody!) the jaywalkers.3.The dangers of scofflawry vary wildly. The person who illegally spits on the sidewalk remains disgusting, but clearly poses less risk to others than the company that illegally buries hazardous chemical waste in an unauthorized location. The fare beater on the subway presents less threat to life than the landlord who ignores fire safety statutes. The most immediately and measurably dangerous scofflawry, however, also happens to be the most visible. The culprit is the American driver, whose lawless activities today add up to a colossal public nuisance. The hazards range from routine double parking that jams city streets to the drunk driving that kills some 25,000 people and injures at least 650,000 others yearly. Illegal speeding on open highways? New surveys show that on some interstate highways 83% of all drivers are currently ignoring the federal 55 m.p.h. speed limit.4.The most flagrant scofflaw of them all is the red-light runner. The flouting of stop signals has got so bad in Boston that residents tell an anecdote about a cabby who insists that red lights are "just for decoration." The power of the stoplight to control traffic seems to be waning everywhere. In Los Angeles, red-light running has become perhaps the city's most common traffic violation. In New Y ork City, going through an intersection is like Russian roulette. Admits Police Commissioner Robert J. McGuire: "Today it's a 50-50 toss-up as to whether people will stop for a red light." Meanwhile, his own police largely ignore the lawbreaking.5.Red-light running has always been ranked as a minor wrong, and so it may be in individual instances. When the violation becomes habitual, widespread and incessant, however, a great deal more than a traffic management problem is involved. The flouting of basic rules of the road leaves deep dents in the social mood. Innocent drivers and pedestrians pay a repetitious price in frustration, inconvenience and outrage, not to mention a justified sense of mortal peril. The significance of red-light running is magnified by its high visibility. If hypocrisy is the tribute that vice pays to virtue, then furtiveness is the true outlaw's salute to the force of law-and-order. Thered-light runner, however, shows no respect whatever for the social rules, and society cannot help being harmed by any repetitious and brazen display of contempt for the fundamentals of order. 6.The scofflaw spirit is pervasive. It is not really surprising when schools find, as some do, that children frequently enter not knowing some of the basic rules of living together. For all their differences, today's scofflaws are of a piece as a symptom of elementary social demoralization—the loss by individuals of the capacity to govern their own behavior in the interest of others.7.The prospect of the collapse of public manners is not merely a matter of etiquette. Society's first concern will remain major crime (see Cover Story), but a foretaste of the seriousness of incivility is suggested by what has been happening in Houston. Drivers on Houston freeways have been showing an increasing tendency to replace the rules of the road with violent outbreaks. Items from the Houston police department's new statistical category—freeway traffic violence: 1) Driver flashes high-beam lights at car that cut in front of him, whose occupants then hurl a beer can at his windshield, kick out his tail lights, slug him eight stitches' worth. 2) Dump-truck driver annoyed by delay batters trunk of stalled car ahead and its driver with steel bolt. 3) Hurrying driver of 18-wheel truck deliberately rear-ends car whose driver was trying to stay within 55 m.p.h. limit. The Houston Freeway Syndrome has fortunately not spread everywhere. But the question is: Will it?8.Americans are used to thinking that law-and-order is threatened mainly by stereotypical violent crime. When the foundations of U.S. law have actually been shaken, however, it has always been because ordinary law-abiding citizens took to skirting the law. Major instance: Prohibition. Recalls Donald Barr Chidsey in On and Off the Wagon: "Lawbreaking proved to be not painful, not even uncomfortable, but, in a mild and perfectly safe way, exhilarating." People wiped out Prohibition at last not only because of the alcohol issue but because scofflawry was seriously undermining the authority and legitimacy of government. Ironically, today's scofflaw spirit, whatever its undetermined origins, is being encouraged unwittingly by government at many levels. The failure of police to enforce certain laws is only the surface of the problem; they take their mandate from the officials and constituents they serve. Worse, most state legislatures have helped subvert popular compliance with the federal 55 m.p.h. law, some of them by enacting puny fines that trivialize transgressions. On a higher level, the Administration in Washington has dramatized its wish to nullify civil rights laws simply by opposing instead of supporting certain court-ordered desegregation rulings. With considerable justification, environmental groups, in the words of Wilderness magazine, accuse the Administration of "destroying environmental laws by failing to enforce them, or by enforcing them in ways that deliberately encourage noncompliance." Translation: scofflawry at the top.9.The most disquieting thing about the scofflaw spirit is its extreme infectiousness. Only a terminally foolish society would sit still and allow it to spread indefinitely.From: M. A. Miller, pp. 266-269Unit Ten Text I Straight-A Illiteracy James P. Degnan1.Despite all the current fuss and bother about the extraordinary number of ordinary illiterates who overpopulate our schools, small attention has been given to another kind of illiterate, an illiterate whose plight is, in many ways, more important, because he is more influential. This illiterate may, as often as not, be a university president, but he is typically a Ph.D., a successful professor and textbook author. The person to whom I refer is the straight-A illiterate, and the following is written in an attempt to give him equal time with his widely publicized counterpart. Comment on the the effect of the present tense, the parallelism, and name of the student, and other linguistic devices used to highlight the problem of this straight-A illiterate.2.The scene is my office, and I am at work, doing what must be done if one is to assist in the cure of a disease that, over the years, I have come to call straight-A illiteracy. I am interrogating, I am cross-examining, I am prying and probing for the meaning of a student’s paper. The student is a college senior with a straight-A average, an extremely bright, highly articulate student who has just been awarded a coveted fellowship to one of the nation’s outstanding graduate schools. He and I have been at this, have been going over his paper sentence by sentence, word by word, for an hour. “The choice of exogenous variables in relation to multi-colinearity,” I hear myself reading from his pape r, “is contingent upon the derivations of certain multiple correlation coefficients.” I pause to catch my breath. “Now that statement, I address the student --- whom I shall call, allegorically, Mr. Bright —“that statement, Mr. Bright, what on earth does it mean?” Mr. Bright, his brow furrowed, tries mightily. Finally, with both of us combining our linguistic and imaginative re-sources, finally, after what seems another hour, we decode it. We decide exactly what it is that Mr. Bright is trying to say, what he really wants to say, which is: “Supply determines demand.”3.Over the past decade or so, I have known many students like him, many college seniors suffering from Bright’s disease. It attacks the best minds, and gradually destroys the critical faculties, making it impossible for the sufferer to detect gibberish in his own writing or in that of others. During the years of higher education it grows worse, reaching its terminal stage, typically, when its victim receives his Ph.D. Obviously, the victim of Br ight’s disease is no ordinary illiterate. He would never turn in a paper with misspellings or errors in punctuation; he would never use a double negative or the word “irregardless.” Nevertheless, he is illiterate, in the worst way: he is incapable of saying, in writing, simply and clearly, what he means. The ordinary illiterate --- perhaps providentially protected from college and graduate school --- might say: “Them people down at the shop better stock up on what our customers need, or we ain’t gonna be in business long.” Not our man. Taking his cue from years of higher education, years of reading the textbooks and professional journals that are the major sources of his affliction, he writes: “The focus of concentration must rest upon objectives centered around the knowledge of customer areas so that a sophisticated awareness of those areas can serve as an entrepreneurial filter to screen what is relevant from what is irrelevant to future commitments.” For writing such gibberish he is awarded straight As on his papers (both samples quoted above were taken from papers that received As), and the opportunity to move, inexorably, toward his fellowship and eventual Ph.D.4.As I have suggested the major cause of such illiteracy is the stuff --- the textbooks and professional journals --- the straight-A illiterate is forced to read during his years of higher education. He learns to write gibberish by reading it, and by being taught to admire it asprofundity. If he is majoring in sociology, he must grapple with such journals as the American Sociological Review, journals bulging with barbarous jargon, such as “ego-integrative action orientation”and “orientation toward improvement of the gratificational-deprivation balance of the actor” (the latter of which monstrous phr ases represents, to quote Malcolm Cowley, the sociologist’s way of saying “the pleasure principle”). In such journals, Mr. Cowley reminds us, two things are never described as being “alike.” They are “homologous” or “isomorphic. Nor are things simply “different.” They are “allotropic.” In such journals writers never “divide anything.” They “dichotomize” or “bifurcate” things.From: M. A. Miller, pp. 355-358Unit Eleven Text I On Consigning Manuscripts to Floppy Discs and Archives to OblivionWillis E. McNelly1.Manuscripts, those vital records of an author’s creative process, are an endangered species. The advent of word processors, and their relatively low cost together with increasing simplic ity, means that even impoverished, unpublished, would-be write rs’ (as well as the Names who top the best-seller list) have turned to their Wangs, IBMs and Apples, inserted Wordstar, Scriptsit or Apple Writer programs and busily begun writing, editing and revising their creative efforts. The result? A floppy disc!2.We should deplore the disappearance of manuscripts. How can anyone, student or scholar, learn anything about the creative process from a floppy disc? Can this wobbly plastic reveal the hours, the endless hours, where beauty was born out of its own despair (as William Butler Y eats put it) and blear-eyed wisdom out of midnight oil? Manuscripts are these records of creative agony, often sweat-stained, coffee-splattered or cigarette-charred. Manuscripts tell us what went on in a writer’s soul, how he or she fel t during the agony of creation. Edna St.V incent Millay may have burned the candle at both ends and wondered at its lovely light, but her first I drafts are treasures for future generations.3.Imagine if Yeats had written those magnificent lyrics celebrating his futile love for Maud Gonne on a word processor! No floppy disc can possibly reveal the depth of his sorrow. Almost a century later his manuscripts in the National Library in Dublin still glow with the power of his passion. They tell young, wan poets of either sex that faded tearstains are not new, that their feelings, hopes, despairs, loves and losses are actually eternal. Suppose Ray Bradbury had written “Fahrenheit 451” on a Wang. How appropriate, even ironic, it might have been had his various drafts gone the way of the burning books that he deplores and disappeared into a memory bank.4.Fortunately, any student of writing can inspect those same drafts in the Special Collections Library of California State University, Fullerton. Novices and professionals alike can examine how a brief story, “The Fireman,” grew into an unpublished novelette, “Fire Burn, Fire Burn!” and then developed into another longer version, “The Hearth and the Salamander,” also unpublished. The final copy (complete with an occasional typo, since it was typed by the author himself) is available for inspection. On these pages Bradbury’s own bold handwriting has substituted a vivid verb for a flabby one, switched a sentence or two around, sharpened or sometimes eliminated an adjective, substituted a better noun. The manuscript provides a perfect example of the artist at work. We would never see that kind of development or final polishing on any number of floppy discs.5.Moreover, put a lot of manuscripts together and you have an archive. Memoranda, diaries, journals, jottings, first, second and third drafts --- these archives are important to all of us. The archives of a city are often musty collections of scribbled scraps of paper, meaningful doodles about boundary lines or endless handwritten records of marriages, divorces, deeds, births and deaths. Our country’s archives of all kinds are a priceless heritage. The National Archives is jammed with ragged papers, preserved for the scrutiny of historians.6.Manuscripts tell us how Thomas Jef ferson’s mind worked as he drafted the Declaration of Independence. A famous letter to the president of Y ale informs us of Benjamin Franklin’s true feelings about religion. We’ve learned volumes from the diaries, papers, letters and exhortations of those who put our Constitution together. Would we know as much if they had done it all on a newfloppy disc? Unthinkable!7.Similarly, would letters from famous men and women spewed out on a dot-matrix printer have the same fascination as an original holograph? Would a machine-signed, mass-produced letter generated in some White House basement have the same emotional impact --- or the same value, for that matter --- as a handwritten letter mailed by Citizen Ronald Reagan in 1965, complete with hand-addressed envelope and canceled 5-cent stamp? Hardly.8.James Joyce once wrote that the errors of an artist are the portals of discovery. Unfortunately, we’ll never know of those errors if clean, neat, immaculate but errorless floppy discs replace tattered, pen-scratched, scissored, taped, yellowed, rewritten, retyped manuscripts. Libraries preserve them, students learn from them, auctioneers cry them at fabulous prices, owners cherish them. And word processors totally eliminate them. Our loss would be incalculable.9.Manuscripts are our gift to our heritage, and we have no right to deprive future generations of learning how we think and feel, simply because we find word processing more convenient. Patiently corrected manuscripts, not floppy discs, can tell any novice writer or future historian that writing is hard work, that it takes vision and revision alike --- and that it should be done on paper, not with electrons on a screen.From: J. R. McCuen and A. C. Winkler, pp. 512-515Unit Twelve Text I Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts Bruce Catton1.When Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee met in the parlor of a modest house at Appomattox Court House’, V irginia, on April 9, 1865, to work out the terms for the surrender of Lee’s Army of Northern V irginia, a great chapter in American life came to a close, and a great new chapter began.2.These men were bringing the Civil War to its virtual finish. To be sure, other armies had yet to surrender, and for a few days the fugitive Confederate government would struggle desperately and vainly, trying to find some way to go on living now that its chief support was gone. But in effect it was all Over when Grant and Lee signed the papers. And the little room where they wrote out the terms was the scene of one of the poignant, dramatic contrasts in American history.3.They were two strong men, these oddly different generals, and they represented the strengths, of two conflicting currents that, through them, had come into final collision.4.Back ofRobert E. Lee was the notion that the old aristocratic concept might somehow survive and be dominant in American life.5.Lee was tidewater V irginia, and in his background were family, culture, and tradition… the age of chivalry transplanted to a New World which was making its own legends and its own myths. He embodied a way of life that had come down through the age of knighthood and the English country squire. America was a land that was beginning all over again, dedicated to nothing much more complicated than the rather hazy belief that all men had equal rights and should have an equal chance in the world. In such a land Lee stood for the feeling that it was somehow of advantage to human society to have a pronounced inequality in the social structure. There should be a leisure class, backed by ownership of land; in turn, society itself should be keyed to the land as the chief source of wealth and influence. It would bring forth (according to this ideal) a class of men with a strong sense of obligation to the community; men who lived not to gain advantage for themselves, but to meet the solemn obligations which had been laid on them by the very fact that they were privileged. From them the country would get its leadership; to them it could look for the higher values --- of thought, of conduct, of personal deportment --- to give it strength and virtue.6.Lee embodied the noblest elements of this aristocratic ideal. Through him, the landed nobility justified itself. For four years, the Southern states had fought a desperate war to uphold the ideals for which Lee stood. In the end, it almost seemed as if the Confederacy fought for Lee; as if he himself was the Confederacy... the best thing that the way of life for which the Confederacy stood could ever have to offer. He had passed into legend before Appomattox. Thousands of tired, underfed, poorly clothed Confederate soldiers, long since past the simple enthusiasm of the early days of the struggle, somehow considered Lee the symbol of everything for which they had been willing to die. But they could not quite put this feeling into words. If the Lost Cause, sanctified by so much heroism and so many deaths, had a living justification, its justification was General Lee.7.Grant, the son of a tanner on the Western frontier, was everything Lee was not. He had come up the hard way and embodied nothing in particular except the eternal toughness and sinewy fiber of the men who grew up beyond the mountains. He was one of a body of men who owed reverence and obeisance to no one, who were self-reliant to a fault, who cared hardly anything for the past hut who had a sharp eye for the future.8.These frontier men were the precise opposites of the tidewater aristocrats. Back of them, in the great surge that had taken people over the Alleghenies and into the opening Western country, there was a deep, implic it dissatisfaction with a past that had settled into grooves. They stood fordemocracy, not from any reasoned conclusion about the proper ordering of human society, but simply because they had grown up in the middle of democracy and knew how it worked. Their society might have privileges, but they would be privileges each man had won for himself. Forms and patterns meant nothing. No man was born to anything, except perhaps to a chance to show how far he could rise. Life was competition.9.Y et along with this feeling had come a deep sense of belonging to a national community. The Westerner who developed a farm, opened a shop, or set up in business as a trader, could hope to prosper only as his own community prospered --- and his community ran from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada down to Mexico. If the land was settled, with towns and highways and accessible markets, he could better himself. He saw his fate in terms of the nation’s own destiny. As its horizons expanded, so did his. He had, in other words, an acute dollars-and cents-stake in the continued growth and development of his country.10.And that, perhaps, is where the contrast between Grant and Lee becomes most striking. The Virginia aristocrat, inevitably, saw himself in relation to his own region. He lived in a static society which could endure almost anything except change. Instinctively, his first loyalty would go to the locality in which that society existed. He would fight to the limit of endurance to defend it, because in defending it he was defending everything that gave his own life its deepest meaning.11.The Westerner, on the other hand, would fight with an equal tenacity for the broader concept of society. He fought so because everything he lived by was tied to growth, expansion, and a constantly widening horizon. What he lived by would survive or fall with the nation itself. He could not possibly stand by unmoved in the face of an attempt to destroy the Union. He would combat it with everything he had, because he could only see it as an effort to cut the ground out from under his feet.12.So Grant and Lee were in complete contrast, representing two diametrically opposed elements in American life. Grant was the modern man emerging; beyond him, ready to come on the stage, was the great age of steel and machinery, of crowded cities and a restless burgeoning vitality. Lee might have ridden down from the old age of chivalry, lance in hand, silken banner fluttering over his head. Each man was the perfect champion of his cause, drawing both his strengths and his weaknesses from the people he led.13.Y et it was not all contrast, after all. Different as they were — in background, in personality, in underlying aspiration --- these two great soldiers had much in common. Under everything else, they were marvelous fighters. Furthermore, their fighting qualities were really very much alike. 14.Each man had, to begin with, the great virtue of utter tenacity and fidelity. Grant fought his way down the Mississippi V alley in spite of acute personal discouragement and profound military handicaps. Lee hung on in the trenches at Petersburg after hope itself had died. In each man there was an indomitable quality… the born fighter’s refusal to give up as long as he can still remain on his feet and lift his two fists.15.Daring and resourcefulness they had, too; the ability to think faster and move faster than the enemy. These were the qualities which gave Lee the dazzling campaigns of Second Manassas and Chancellorsville and won Vicksburg for Grant.stly, and perhaps greatest of all, there was the ability, at the end, to turn quickly from war to peace once the fighting was over. Out of the way these two men behaved at Appomattox came the possibility of a peace of reconciliation. It was a possibility not wholly realized, in the years to come, but which did, in the end, help the two sections to become one nation again…after a warwhose bitterness might have seemed to make such a reunion wholly impossible. No part of either man’s life became him more than t he part he played in this brief meeting in the McLean house at Appomattox. Their behavior there put all succeeding generations of Americans in their debt. Two great Americans, Grant and Lee --- very different, yet under everything very much alike. Their encounter at Appomattox was one of the great moments of American history.From: K. Flachmann and M. Flachmann, pp. 305-311。

新编英语教程1-9,11课本译文第1单元避免两词铭记两词1.在生活中，没有什么比顿悟更令人激动和兴奋的，它可以改变一个人——不仅仅是改变，而且变得更好。

当然，这种顿悟是很罕见的，但仍然可以发生在我们所有人身上。

它有时来自一本书，一个说教或一行诗歌，有时也来自一个朋友。

2.在曼哈顿一个寒冷的冬天的下午，我坐在一个法国小餐馆，倍感失落和压抑。

因为几次误算，在我生命中一个至关重要的项目就这样落空了。

就因为这样，甚至连期望看到一个老朋友（我常常私下亲切的想到的一个老人）的情形都不像以前那样令我兴奋。

我坐在桌边，皱起眉头看着色彩多样的桌布，清醒的嚼着苦涩的食物。

3.他穿过街道，裹着旧棉袄，一顶帽子从光头打下来，看上去不像是一个有名的精神病医生，倒像是一个精力充沛的侏儒。

他的办公室在附近到处都有，我知道他刚刚离开他最后一个病人。

他接近80岁，但仍然扛着一个装着满满文件的公文包，工作起来仍然像一个大公司的主管，无论何时有空，他都仍然爱去高尔夫球场。

4.当他走过来坐我旁边时，服务员早已把他总是要喝的啤酒端了过来，我已经几个月没有见他了，但他似乎还是老样子。

没有任何寒暄，他就问我“怎么了，年轻人？”5.我已经不再对他的样子感到奇怪，所以我详细地把烦恼告诉他。

带着一丝忧伤的自豪。

我尽量说出实情，除了我自己，我并没有因为失望而责备任何人。

我分析了整件事情，但所有负面评价以及错误仍然继续。

我讲了约有十五分钟，这期间老人只是默默的喝着啤酒。

6.我讲完后，他取下眼镜说：“到我的办公室去。

”7.“到你的办公室？你忘了带什么了吗？”8.他和蔼的说“不是，我想看看你对某些事情的反应，仅此而已。

”9.外面开始下起小雨，但他的办公室很温暖，舒服，亲切：放满书的书架靠着墙壁，长皮沙发，弗洛伊德的亲笔签名照，还有墙边放着的录音笔。

他的秘书回家了，只有我们在那里。

10.老人从纸盒里拿出一盘磁带放进录音笔，然后说：“这里有到我这来求助的三个人的简单录音，当然，这没有说明具体是哪三个人。

新编英语教程6_高英_翻译1 由于缺少资金，整个计划失败了The whole plan fell through for want of fund.2 牛顿被公认为是世界最杰出的科学家之一。

Newton is actnowledged as one of the world;s most eminent scientists.3 他对生产成本的估算总是准确无误He calcuates the cost of production with invariable accuracy4 公司发言人的不负责任的讲话受到了严厉的指责The spokesman of the corporation was berated for his irresponsible words.5 这名商业银行的年轻职员看出那张十英镑的假币The young clerk from the commercial bank soitted thecorinterfeit ten-pound note.6 这个精干的经理立刻行动起来The efficient manager acted promptly7 请把候补名单上她的名字换成你的名字Pleasure replace her name for yours on the waiting list8 她觉得她在当地综合医院任实习医师是一段宝贵的经历Shen found that her internship in the local general hospital was a rewarding experience 9 不要感叹过去得不幸，振作起来行前看Don't lament your past misfortunes., keep your shin up and look to the future1 富兰克林在他的自传里力劝读者要勤俭Franklin exhorted readers to be diligent and thrifty in his Autobiography.2.谁能证实这签名无讹Who can attest to the genuineness of the signature?3. 人们给它起了小家伙的绰号。

新编英语教程6Unit9ARedLightforScofflawsUnit 91. outlaw litter (l.5) unlawful stewing (a place) with rubbish2. illicit noise (l.5) very loud noise which is not permitted3. motorized anarchy (ll.5-6) disorder or chaos created by motorists4. pot smoker (ll.17-18) marijuana addict5. joint (l.18) cigarette containing marijuana6. fare beater (l.23) one who evades paying the fare on a public vehicle. “Beat” is U.S. slang meaning “swindle”, “cheat”.7. toss-up (l.38) the tossing-up of a coin to decide something by its fall8. mortal peril (l.45) danger that causes or is liable to cause death9. rear-end (l.64) (U.S.) collide, or cause (one’s vehicle) to collide with the rear-end (back part of a vehicle) of another vehicle10. Prohibition (l.69) the forbidding by law of the manufacture and sale of intoxicating drinks in the U.S.A. from 1920 to 1933take liberties with (ll. 3-4) misinterpret; distort; violate; treat something freely, without strict observance of the fact (随意对待) blithely (l. 7) heedlessly; without thought or regard; happily 轻率、冒失、不注意、高兴dereliction (l. 8) deliberate neglect; negligence 玩忽职守，旷职~ of duty 失职 exempt from (l. 13) not subject to an obligation be exempt from duty/taxes; a beauty somehow exempt from the aging process.免去义务/免税；永恒之美flurry (l. 14) 1) abundance; great quantity 2) 暴雨、风、雪；阵风3) 慌张ordinance (l. 15) authoritative command or order; a statute or regulationflagrant (l. 18) shameless; notoriousa flagrant offence 大罪, 重罪flagrant crime 滔天罪行a flagrant error明显的错误a flagrant sinner罪恶昭彰的罪犯festering scandal (l. 19) disgrace that has become worse and more intensestatutes (l. 24) lawspublic nuisance (l. 27) sth. offensive or annoying to the community, esp. in violation of others’ legal rightsDon't make a nuisance of yourself.别那么讨厌。

参考译文对违反法律者亮红灯A Red Light for Scofflaws弗兰克·特立皮德1Law-and-order is the longest-running and probably the best-loved political issue in U.S. histor y. Yet it is painfully apparent 2 that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as lawbreakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are desig ned to protect and nourish their society. 3 Indeed, there are moments today — amid outlaw litter, t ax cheating, illicit noise and motorized anarchy — when it seems as though the scofflaw represent s the wave of the future. 4 Harvard Sociologist David Riesman suspects that a majority of America ns have blithely taken to committing supposedly minor derelictions as a matter of course. Already, Riesman says, the ethic of U.S. society is in danger of becoming this: “You're a fool if you obey the rules.”[1] 法律和秩序是美国历史上持续时间最长的、也可能是政治上的最热门的话题。

Unit 1 Two Words to Avoid, Two to Remember1. insight: the capacity to gain an accurate and deep instinctive understanding of a situation 洞察力2. checkered tablecloth: tablecloth that has a pattern consisting of alternating squares of different colors. The British spelling of checkered is chequered.3. chew the cud (slang): think reflectively4. gnome: (in legends) a little old man who lives underground and guards the earth’s treasures 土地神; a small ugly person 侏儒5. melancholy: (adj.) sad, gloomy, depressed6. berate: scold or criticize angrily7. a perverse streak: an obstinate quality8. ruefully: regretfully9. drag: (slang) a boring thing; nuisance10. immortality: never-ending life or endless fameUnit 2 The Fine Art of Putting Things Off1. cool one’s heels: be forced to wait; be kept waiting2. attest to: testify to; serve as an evidence to affirm/ to be proof of 证实, 证明3. apocalyptic: foreboding imminent disaster or final doom 预示灾难/最后毁灭的4. proconsul: an administrator in a colony usually with wide powers地方总督5. ruminate: go over in the mind repeatedly and often slowly 反刍, 沉思6. nattering: chattering; hence, noisy7. echelon: rank, level 等级，阶层8. fortify: encourage; support 鼓励9. reappraisal: re-evaluation10. academe: the academic community; academics 学术界11. shrink: (slang) psychoanalyst or psychiatrist心理分析学者/神经科医生12. subliminal: existing or functioning outside the area of conscious awareness潜意识的13. truism: an undoubted or self-evident truth 不言而喻的道理14. mellow and marinate: to mellow is to become ripe or fully developed, and the marinate is to steep (浸, 泡) (meat, fish) in a savory sauce to enrich its flavor; here, ripen and mature 成熟及完善Unit 3 W alls and Barriers1. tangible: substantially real; material 确实的；有形的2. custom: business patronage; the fact of a person or people buying goods or services at a shop/store or business (顾客对商店的)惠顾，光顾.3. impregnable: unassailable, unattackable; sturdy无法攻取的；不能征服的4. credit: trust in a person’s ability and intention to pay at a later time for goods, etc. supplied 信用5. dash: vigor in style and action; here means enthusiasm 精力, 干劲6: flair: ingenuity and vitality才能, 本领7. invulnerability: freedom from harm or attack不会受伤害8. composition: arrangement into proper proportion or relation and especially into artistic form布局9. illusory: deceptive幻影的, 错觉的, 虚假的10. preclude: make impossible 预防; 排除1. exuberant: wild and excessive 狂野的；极度的2. withal: together with this; besides 此外；而且3. bland and genial: adj. composed and gracious 沉着亲切的4. hitch: difficulty 妨碍；困难5. assert oneself: act in such a way as to show one’s power or authori ty6. poetic justice: an outcome in which vice is punished and virtue rewarded 理想的赏罚7. emanate: come out from 发出，散发8. wend one’s way: travel over a distance, esp. slowly9. air: tune, melody10. hilarious: joyous, jubilant 欢闹的1. imperious: domineering, overbearing, arrogant 专横的2. the apple of one’s eye: one that is dear; one’s favorite person3. premises: a tract of land with the buildings thereon房屋(及其附属基地、建筑等)4. throng (v.): fill by crowding into5. moiety: half 一半6. parapet: a low wall or railing to protect the edge of a platform, etc. (阳台、桥等的)栏杆；女儿墙；胸墙7. devious: tricky, not straightforward 狡猾的；迂回的；曲折的8. reverie: daydreamUnit 6 Dull W ork1. assumption: sth. taken for granted; supposition 想当然2. crave for: long for; desire eagerly 渴望3. humdrum: lacking variety; dull 单调的4. immerse: involve deeply; absorb （使）沉浸, 使陷入5. transmute: change; transform 改变6. physiological pressures: irritation; annoyance; affliction 生理压力7. vexation: illness; discomforts 恼怒8. seminal: having possibilities of future development; highly original and influencing the development of future events 影响深远的9. inordinate: excessive 过度的；过分的10. compatible with: able to exist together 和谐的；兼容的11. thrive on: enjoy and do well as a result of 以…为乐；因…而有成12. stave off: keep off; prevent in time 延缓；暂时挡住，避开1. lamely: weakly, unsatisfactorily （听起来）信心不足的；不具说服力的2. paradoxical: seemingly self-contradictory; incongruous; puzzling3. seductive: attractive; charming4. pedagogical: teaching 教学法的5. wary: heedful; careful6. on the defensive: prepared for disapproval or attack7. demeaning overtones: implications of humiliation8. vestiges: traces that have once existed but exist no more 遗迹9. to the detriment of: to the harm of10. throes: a condition of agonizing struggle or effort; upheaval 处于极为痛苦的斗争或苦恼中；挣扎11. narcissism: excessive admiration of oneself 自我陶醉, 自恋12. obligation: duty; social requirement that compels one to follow a certain course of action13. fretful: irritable; complaining14. pass muster: be accepted as satisfactory 及格, 符合要求15. depreciation: a disparaging or a belittling act or instance 轻视，蔑视16. censure: (v. or n.) an expression of blame or disapproval 谴责17. preen: adorn or trim (oneself) carefully刻意打扮并自我欣赏18. interminable: endless1. multitudinous: (fml.) very numerous, existing in great numbers 大量的, 多种多样的2. lust: overwhelming desire or craving强烈欲望, 渴望3. orgy: excessive indulgence in any activity; wild festivity纵欲；放纵4. pitch: point, level, degree 程度；强度5. texture: quality; structure of a substance 质地；结构6. deliberate fasting: eating little or no food on purpose7. bludgeon: (written) force sb. into (doing sth.); beat 胁迫；棒击8. blow-out: (slang) a large, usu. lavish, meal 大餐；盛宴9. indulgence: great satisfaction; gratification of desires 享受；纵容10. homage: honor or respect; reverence paid 敬意11. gorge: stuff/fill oneself completely with food 狼吞虎咽12. impotence: powerlessness; ineffectualness 无力, 无效Unit 9 A Red Light for Scofflaws1. take liberties with: misinterpret; distort; violate2. blithely: heedlessly; without thought or regard3. dereliction: deliberate neglect; negligence 玩忽职守：故意忽视（职责或原则)4. exempt from: not subject to an obligation5. flurry: profusion; abundance; great quantity6. ordinance: authoritative law; command 法令；条例7. flagrant: shameless; notorious 恶名昭著的8. festering scandal: tormenting disgrace9. statutes: laws10. public nuisance: something offensive or annoying to the community, especially in violation of others' legal rights11. flouting: treating with contemptuous disregard12. dent: a depression in a surface, as from a blow; hence, damage凹痕；伤害13. brazen: shameless; impudent厚颜无耻的14. slug: (v.) (infml.) hit hard, especially with the fist 用力猛击15. skirt: avoid; keep distant from; go around the edge of 绕开；回避16. mandate: command from a superior official to an inferior one; authoritative command17. constituent: voters选民18. subvert: undermine the principle of 颠覆19. enact: institute; levy制定法律, 颁布20. puny: small and weak; insignificant弱小的；孱弱的；微不足道的21. nullify: declare legally void 使失去法律效力22. desegregation rulings: official (court) decisions on desegregation23. disquieting: upsetting24. terminally: fatally新编英语教程6（词汇Unit1-10）ants05Unit 10 Straight-A Illiteracy1. plight: condition, state, or situation; esp. an unfavorable one2. as often as not: at least half the time; frequently3. articulate: using language easily and fluently; having facility with words4. a coveted fellowship: a fellowship (i.e., the money given to postgraduate students to allow them to continue their studies at an advanced level) that everyone longs jealously to possess5. allegorically: figuratively6. gibberish: talk or writing containing many obscure, pretentious, or technical words; meaningless or unintelligible talk or writing7. providentially: fortunately; luckily8. inexorably: inescapably9. profundity: profound or deep matters10. grapple with: try to deal with11。

新编英语教程6unit9、10课文翻译Unit 9 T ext I A Red Light for Scofflaws 对藐视法律者的警告弗兰克·特里皮特法律和秩序时美国历史上最悠久的政治问题，可能也是人们最喜爱探讨的政治问题。

然而，一个显而易见令人心痛的事实是，数百万那些从来不认为自己违法，更不用说犯罪了的美国人从来不认为自己曾经违法，更不用说犯罪了；他们正越来越随便地对待旨在保护美国社会并促进其发展的法规。

这一显而易见的事实令人厌烦心痛。

虽然人们制定了法规来保护社会并促进其发展，但是上述美国人却享有了越来越多的自由。

事实上，当今社会充斥着非法乱丢垃圾、骗税、非法制造噪音和机动车秩序混乱的现象，以致于有时候藐视法律的行为有时候让人看来好像代表了未来发展的潮流。

哈佛大学的社会学家戴维·里斯曼察觉到，大部分美国人已轻率地养成了一种习惯，犯一些据称是轻微的失职，把这当成是理所当然的事情。

里斯曼他早先说，美国社会的伦理道德已经正面临着逐渐沦落为“傻子才会遵守规则”这种危险的情况境地。

支持里斯曼这一说法的证据是再明显不过的了。

藐视法律者数量众多，以各种各样的方式存在，其数目令人吃惊。

喜欢涂鸦的人把公共场所的墙面变成了视觉垃圾。

骑自行车的人经常把车骑得好像两轮得交通工具不受所有得交通法规约束一样。

喜欢习惯乱丢垃圾得人把自己得社区变成垃圾堆。

一阵一阵得法规条文虽然铺天盖地、来势汹汹，但是，却无法把高分贝得便携式收音机从公共场所清除出去，这就像正如早先得法律无法消除因啤酒引用过度而导致得困扰众多公园的流氓行为一样。

令人绝望的是，烟鬼们仍然不可救药地对“禁止吸烟”的标记熟视无睹。

穿着体面的大麻吸食者的人再在分烟卷时，也懒得麻烦，不再而劳烦自己避人耳目，巧妙地避开公众的视线。

明目张胆地使用可卡因这一丑行正在中上阶层社会人生活当中逐渐恶化愈演愈烈。

此外还有那些（哈罗，各位）乱穿马路的人。

藐视法律引起的危险程度，在不同情况下相差别很大。

新编英语教程6第三版练习册答案【篇一：新编英语教程第六册练习册paraphrase答案】nothing in life is more exciting and rewarding than the sudden flash of light that leaves you a changed person--not only changed, but changed for the better.the most inspiring and gratifying fact of life is the unexpected spark of enlightenment that makes you different and a better person than before.2. he came across the street, finally, muffled in his ancient overcoat, shapeless felt hat pulled down over his bald head, looking more like an energetic gnome than an eminent psychiatrist.at last he walked over from the other side of the street,wrapped in his old-fashioned overcoat, his bald head coveredby a shapeless felt hat. he looked like a dwarfish old man fullof energy rather than a well-known psychiatrist.3. the woman who spoke next had never married because of a sense of obligation to her widowed mother; she recalledbitterly all the marital chances she had let go by.the next speaker on the tape was a woman who had remained single because she thought she was obliged to take care of her mother who was a widow. she still remembered and told others miserably about all the chances of marriage she had missed.4. in the end, if you let it become a habit, it can become a real roadblock, an excuse for not trying any more.eventually, if you form a habit of saying “if only”, the phrasecan really turn to an obstruction, providing you with an excuse for giving up trying anything at all.5. ... you never got out of the past tense. not once did you mention the future.…you are always thinking of the past, regretting and lamenting. you did not look forward to what you can do in the future at all.6. my, my, said the old man slyly. if only we had come downten seconds sooner, wed have caught that cab, wouldnt we?the old man said to me trickily, using the phrase “if only” on purpose, “if only we’d got here ten seconds earlier, we’d havecaught the cab.” i laughed and understood what he meant. so i foll owed his advice and said, “next time i’ll run faster”.unit 21. moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver jehovahs edict to pharaoh. moses justified his unwillingness to pass jehovah’s order to pharaoh, saying that he was “slow of speech”.2. yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul.delay leads to problems. however, in many cases, it can often stimulate the creativity in an artist.3. he notes that speedy action can be embarrassing or extremely costly.he points out that hastiness may give rise to decision which turn out to be humiliating or expensive.4. bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal---and thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made.excessive red-tape(官样文章；繁文缛节) developed because public administration was expanding in scope and because society was growing more and more complicated. in this sense, red-tape helped those in charge of policy to be fully engaged in enormous amount of paperwork and judgment, thus making it impossible for an immature decision to result.5. ...many of my friends go through agonies when they face a blank page.…many of my friends have a hard time the moment they attempt to put pen to paper.unit 31. of course, my father is a gentleman of the old school, a member of the generation to whom a good deal of modern architecture is unnerving; but i suspect---i more than suspect, i am convinced---that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money.brought up in the old tradition, my father is naturally not prepared to accept the idea of modern architecture; his objection to it, i would assume, indeed i should say i am prettysure, is not a result of his strong dislike of the physical building itself, but rather that of his refusal to change his attitude towards money.2. if a buildings design made it appear impregnable, the institution was necessarily sound, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architectural symbol dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory.if a building was made to look sturdy/invulnerable, it would be accordingly regarded as reliable, and the significance of the thick walls would be measured not by their artistic value, but by their seeming ability to provide a safe location for money.3. in a primitive society, for example, men pictured the world as large, fearsome, hostile, and beyond human control.people in a primitive society, for example, saw the world as an enormous planet full of fear, hatred and disorder.4.the principal function of todays wall is to separate possible undesirable outside air from the controlled conditions of temperature and humidity which we have created inside.today a wall serves mainly as a physical means to protect the desired atmosphere inside from being disturbed by anything unwelcome outside.5. to repeat, it is not our advanced technology, but our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine how we shall build our walls.again, the decisive factor that can influence the design of a wall is not the advancement of science and technology, but our ever-changing attitude towards our place in this world.unit 41. he was a man of exuberant fancy, and, withal, of an authority so irresistible that, at his will, he turned his varied fancies into facts.he was a man rich in whimsies, and intolerant of any act bold enough as to challenge his authority. when his mind caught upon something, absurd as it might be, he would do everything to make sure that it was done in the way he wished.2. when every member of his domestic and political systems moved smoothly in its appointed course, his nature was bland and genial; but whenever there was a little hitch, and some of his orbs got out of their orbits, he was blander and more genialstill, for nothing pleased him so much as to make the crooked straight, and crush down uneven places.when all his subjects behaved in such a manner as they were told to, he could be gentle and kind. and he could even be more so, if anything not conforming to what he expected should occur, because that offered a great chance for him to see the undesirable removed, a thing he was most delighted in doing.3. he could open either door he pleased: he was subject to no guidance or influence but that of the aforementioned impartial and incorruptible chance.he enjoyed total freedom to choose what to do: he was not directed or influenced by anyone as to which door to open. the only thing that was decisive in terms of his fate was the above-mentioned chance, granted to all the accused alike.4. this element of uncertainty lent an interest to the occasion which it could not otherwise have attained.the fact that no one could tell for sure what might happen (to the accused) made this from of trial more attractive than any other form of justice.5. thus the masses were entertained and pleased, and the thinking part of the community could bring no charge of unfairness against this plan; for did not the accused person have the whole matter in his own hands?thus people enjoyed coming here to watch, and those guided by reason in the society could not possibly question the fairness of this form of trial; for was it not the fact that all the accused were given equal chances to make decisions upon their won destiny?unit51. this semi-barbaric king had a daughter as blooming as his most florid fancies, and with a soul as fervent and imperious as his own.this semi-barbaric king had a daughter as exuberant as the wildest of his notions, a daughter who possessed a nature as fierce and tyrannical as his own.2. of course, everybody knew that the deed with which the accused was charged had been done.it was, of course, known to all that he was guilty of the offense of conducting an affair with the princess.3. ...; but the king would not think of allowing any fact of this kind to interfere with the workings of the tribunal, in which he took such great delight and satisfaction.…,even though the king was well aware that the love affair had taken place, he would still refuse to let the normal method of deciding guilt or innocence be disturbed, because he was extremely enthusiastic about his way of setting matters of this kind.4. ...; but gold, and the power of a womans will, had brought the secret to the princess..…; but because she had the money, and above all, because her determination was so irresistible, the princess was able to get access to the secret.5. he understood her nature, and his soul was assured that she would never rest until she had made plain to herself this thing, hidden to all other lookers-on, even to the king.he knew her so well that he was perfectly positive that she would never cease to search for the secret, which remained unknown to all other spectators, even to the king himself.unit 61. there seems to be a general assumption that brilliant people cannot stand routine; that they need a varied, exciting life in order to do their best.it is generally believed that a colorless life can freeze a creative mind, and that only a colorful life can inspire a man to creative work.2. the outstanding characteristic of mans creativeness is the ability to transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences.one of the wonders human creativity works is that man can make full use of even insignificant feelings to produce far-reaching results.3. an eventful life exhausts rather than stimulates.a life full of diversions stops man’s creativity instead of activating it.4. it is usually the mediocre poets, writers, etc.,who go in search of stimulating events to release their creative flow.only literary artists of an average type rely on excitements in life as a source for their creative work./ great poets, writers, etc., create works of art out of trivial and common subject.5. people who find dull job unendurable are often dull people who do not know what to do with themselves when at leisure. people who are unable to see how to be patient with repetitious work are usually those who are unable to see where to find fun in life when it comes to relaxation.【篇二：新编英语教程6 练习与答案】txt>practice testsforadvanced english(2)主编张华鸿第五、六册本书的主要特点：1．2．前言编写本书的目的：目前英语专业三年级所使用的由上海外国语大学李观仪教授主编的〈新编英语教程〉紧扣精读课文编写练习，实用性、针对性强。

第二单元推迟的艺术”今天能做的事情决不要推到明天。

”切斯特菲尔德伯爵在1794年劝告儿子时说道，但是这位文雅的伯爵却从没有抽出时间来完成与孩子母亲的婚礼,也没有戒除让约翰逊博士此类名人在接待室久候的坏习惯，这足以证明，即使是有心人,也绝非毫无拖延,罗马的一位大将军昆塔斯费边马克西姆斯为了赢得尽可能多的喘息机会,推迟战斗时间，被冠以“拖延者”。

摩西为了使自己向法老传递耶和华法令过程中的犹豫合理化，颓唐语言有缺陷，当然，哈姆雷特把延迟上升为一种艺术形式。

世界上的人基本上可以分成均匀的两半：拖延者和马上行动者。

有些人二月份就准备好了个人所得税，预先偿还抵押借款，在常人难以忍受的6点半钟准时吃饭,而另外一些人则乐于在9点或10点钟时吃些剩菜剩饭，错放帐单和文件以期延长缴税的期限。

他们非要等到警告声变成恐吓声才肯去支付信用卡的帐单。

就象浮士德所遭遇的那样，他们推迟去理发店,看牙医或医生.尽管延误会带来诸多不便，但延迟经常可以激发和唤醒具有创新意识的灵魂。

写下许多成功小说和剧本的作家琼克尔说到，她要把厨房每个汤罐头和酱瓶子上的标签看上一遍后，才能安心坐在打字机旁.许多作家都关注着他们任务之外的大小琐事，譬如关注在缅因州法国人海湾和巴尔海港进行的海岸和土地测量，其中的地名，如古今斯暗礁、不伦特池塘、海鸥小山、伯恩特豪猪、朗豪猪、希波豪猪以及鲍尔德豪猪岛，都激起了他们的想象。

从“拖延者”年代到当今世纪,推迟的艺术实际上被军事（“赶快和等一下”）、外交和法律垄断了。

在过去的年代里,英国殖民地总督可以手中拿着杯酒，安逸的思考民族叛乱的形势,他应该庆幸没有电传和打印机在一旁喋喋不休地传递着命令，一会儿是增加机关枪啊一会儿又是增派军队啊。

直到二战时，美国将军还可以和敌方将军达成协议，休一天运动假，去掠夺村民的鸡和酒,明日再战。

律师是世界上最上瘾的延误者.据一个来自贝弗利山的,号称从不拖延的推销员弗兰克.内森叙说，“没有留下遗嘱就去世的律师数不胜数。

Unit NineTEXT IA RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWSFrank TrippettObjectives: to catch the main idea of each paragraph by identifying its topic sentence or supplying one if the paragraph doesn’t have it;to analyze the evidence in each paragraph so as to have a further comprehension of the text;to talk about or write on the scofflawry on the campus, basing the information on your personal experience or observation, or whatever.Pre-reading questions1. What is the meaning of the compound word ‘scofflaw’? What is meant by ‘A Red Light for Scofflaws’?scofflaw (chiefly US) - one who treats the law with contempt, esp. a person who avoids various kinds of not easily enforceable laws.Word formation: scoff (v., deride, ridicule irreverently) + law (n.)a red light for scofflaws - a warning to scofflawsIn-reading discussionPara. 1Sentence-by-sentence explanation:w-and-order is the longest-running and probably the best-loved political issue in US history.Law-and-order becomes a political issue that is approved and executed for a long time in the US.2. Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as law-breakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish that society.taking increasing liberties with: misinterpret, distort, violateAlthough most Americans have never broken laws or committed crimes, they do violate the rules or principles that designed to protect and nourish that society. In other words, there are many scofflaws in America.3. Indeed, there are moments today - amid outlaw litter, tax cheating, illicit noise and motorized anarchy - when it seems as though the scofflaw represents the wave of the future.Outlaw litter, tax cheating, illicit noise and motorized anarchy are scofflawries.Such behaviors are those that violate the laws, but they are against the rules and regulations. It seems that such scofflawries today will become more serious, more popular tomorrow.4. ...a majority of Americans have blithely taken to committing supposedly minor dereliction ...A majority of Americans like to deliberately commit scofflawries, doing something that is not against the law but violates some seemingly minor / insignificant rules. They don’t take this kind of behaviors as serious.5. Already, the ethic of US society is in danger of becoming this: ‘You’re a fool if you obey the rules.’In America, those who follow rules, orders, or regulations, those who conform to social conventions are considered as fools. It becomes the social convention that those obeying the rules are fools.Topic sentence: No thesis statement. It introduces the topic - millions of Americans are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes.Para. 21. Topic sentence: Scofflaws abound in amazing variety.Or, main idea: evidence to support that there are lot of scofflaws in US.2. Properly coined compound words can be an economical way of expression. Some instances are found in para. 2. Pick them out and explain their meanings. (comp. 3-1)the graffiti-prone - those who are prone to graffitilitter-bugs - those who are in the bad habit of littering public placeshigh-decibel radios - radios whose volume has been turned highbeer-soaked hooliganism - hooliganism committed by people who are drunk from drinking beer3. What are the evidence?The graffiti-prone those who are inclined to / like to / have the habit of scribbling in public places make visual pollution everywhere.Bicyclists ride as fast as they like to, and ride to run the red light, to chase with the cars, etc. neglecting the traffic laws.Litter-bugs who throw their rubbish everywhere make their neighborhood or the public places as dirty as a trash /refuse dump.There is noise pollution of high-decibel portable radios in public places though a lot of rules and regulations have been made to forbid it.There are also rules to prohibit getting drunk and making disturbance in public places, hooligans still have a lot of drinking of beers and cause trouble in the parks.Tobacco addicts / heavy smokers turn a blind eye to / take no notice of the ‘NO SMOKING’ sign. They burn their cigarette even in the place where smoking is not allowed.Pot smokers / marijuana addicts never feel ashamed when they pass around a joint (cigarette containing marijuana).Everyone does violate the traffic regulations by crossing the streets at the wrong places, or without looking at the traffic lights. Drivers run the light, drive beyond the speed limit, with more passengers than permitted, etc.4. Why does Y keep ‘jaywalkers’ as the last category of scofflaws? What other means does he use to strengthen the effect intended by this arrangement? (comp. 3-2)It is not limited to some people, but is widely committed by large numbers.The greeting: (hello, Everybody!)The conjunction ‘And then’ used to highlight the last, but by no m eans the least form of scofflawry enumerated here.Para. 31. Topic sentence: The dangers of scofflawry vary wide.2. The person who illegally spits on the sidewalk remains disgusting, but clearly poses less risk to others than the company that illegally buries hazardous chemical waste in an unauthorized location.Spitting on the sidewalk is against the law and is always despicable. But the harm it does to others seems insignificant when compared with the danger a company causes by disposing of poisonous chemical waste in a place where it is not permitted.3. What are the dangers of scofflawry?Spitting on the sidewalk is disgusting and a kind of pollution.Disposing of poisonous chemical waste in a place where it is not permitted will caus e great harm to people’s health if it releases from underground.The fare beater who evades paying the fare on a public vehicle, a kind of moral dangerNeglecting taking the measure of fire prevention will lead to fire which burns all including peo ple’s lives. e.g., in Guangdong some privately-run enterprises Drivers’ double parking (parking side by side with another car along the road) makes the streets more crowded; drunken drivers bring a lot of casualties every year; driving beyond the speed limit will kill the drivers themselves and other innocent people.4. Explain the use of the conjunctive adverb ‘however’? (comp 3-3)It indicates a contrast in meaning between the sentence it is in and the previous two, in which it is said that the more visible forms of scofflawry, i.e., spitting and fare-beating are less dangerous than the less visible ones, i.e., burying chemical waste in unauthorized location, and ignoring fire statutes. But lawless grieving, the most visible scofflawry is also the most dangerous.Para. 41. Topic sentence: The most flagrant scofflaw is the red-light runner.2. Why is the red-light runner the most flagrant scofflaw?Many drivers neglect the stop signals / the red lights. Some even take them as a kind of decoration. Red-light running is the most common traffic violation in Los Angeles. In New York city, drivers cross the intersections or junctions.It is estimated that 50% of the drivers will stop for the light while another 50% will not. And what is absurd is that police tend to ignore the cases of traffic violation. This is probably because that there are so many such cases happening every day.Para. 51. Red-light running has always been ranked as a minor wrong, and so it may be in individual instances. When the violation becomes habitual, widespread and incessant, however, a great deal more than a traffic management problem is involved.Driving through the intersection of a street with no regard to the red traffic light is generally considered as misbehaves of little importance. But when it develops into a social habit, it becomes a problem a great deal more serious than a mere traffic problem.2. What does T mean by the metaphor ‘leave deep dents’? Is it an appropriate metaphor in the context? (comp 3-4)It means ‘mar, damage, make imperfect’. It is very appropriate in the context because what is under discussion happens to be the violation of traffic rules.3. Innocent drivers and pedestrians pay a repetitious price in frustration, inconvenience and outrage, not to mention a justified sense of mortal peril. The significance of red-light running is magnified by its high visibility.Well-behaved drivers and pedestrians are constantly upset and threatened by peril from violations. The great impact of red-light running is due to its being so noticeable.4. If hypocrisy is the tribute that vice pays to virtue, then furtiveness is the true outlaw’s salute to the force of law-and-order.(note 5)The 1st half of the sentence is a proverb meaning that wrongdoers, in their dealings with the virtuous, act as though they are persons of good repute. The 2ndhalf is a development of the author’s, meaning that a true lawbreaker in confronting the police force acts furtively.5. The red-light runner, however, shows no respect whatever for the social rules, and society cannot help being harmed by any repetitions and brazen display of contempt for the fundamentals of order.The red-lights runner take no notice of the social rules. They show contempt of orders and regulations and rarely obey them. If people do the same, our society will definitely be harmed in social morals, conventions, etc.6. In what sense. according to T, is red-light running a more serious breach of social order than other lawbreaking actions? (comp 3-5)Rules are violated in open defiance of social authority. While culprits of social vices or crimes make attempts to conceal their lawbreaking acts out of fear of and / or respect for the authority of the law, red-light runners do not care a damn whether they are seen or not.7. In his analysis of scofflawry, T does not confine himself to a mere enumeration of the visible forms of scofflawry and the dangers they cause. Somewhere in the essay he turns into depth. Where? And how? (comp 3-6)Beginning from para. 5, ‘however’ indicates a transition. He turns from the physical dangers to the detriment to social morality.8. Find in the rest of the text the word ‘however’ used in a similar way. How does it contribute to the coherence of the text? (comp 3-3)Line 43:contrasts ‘a minor wrong’ and ‘a great deal more than a traffic management problem’Line 49: contrasts the visible flagrancy of red-light running, and the attempts to disguise or conceal felony by real criminals or outlaws9. Topic sentence: The flouting of basic rules of the road leaves deep dents in the social mood.The 1st sentence is coherent with the last para.. The 2nd is a transition by using ‘however’, which tells the central idea of this para..Para. 61. For all their differences, tod ay’s scofflaws are of a piece as a symptom of elementary social demoralization - the loss by individuals of the capacity to govern their own behavior in the interest of others.However different in forms, today’s scofflaws are an indication that the so ciety has basically been degraded morally. Its members seem to have lost their ability to discipline themselves in such a way that the interests of others has been duly taken care of.No matter how different the scowflawries are, they are the indication of the social demoralization. People tend to mind their own business / interests without taking care of others or others’ interests.2. What point does T want to make? What do you think of this example of children entering schools not knowing how to live together? (comp 3-7) Scofflaws are an indication of social demoralization. The example of the school children may not be an appropriate one. For children may not have acquired the capacity to govern their own behaviors yet, while social demoralization means the ‘loss’ of morality which has been cultivated.3. Topic sentence: ... scofflaws are ... a symptom of elementary social demoralization.Para. 71. The prospect of the collapse of public manners is not merely a matter of etiquette. Society’s first concern will remain major crime, but a foretaste of the seriousness of incivility is suggested by what has been happening in Houston.2. Drivers on Houston freeways have been showing an increasing tendency to replace the rules of the road with violent outbreaks.Drivers on Houston freeways are more and more likely to neglect the traffic rules by breaking out traffic violence such as (the following sentences).3. What are the traffic violence? Give your illustration.ll. 62-67Fortunately, this kind of drivers are not as many as spreading everywhere. But will they become the prevalent force?4. Topic sentence: The prospect of the collapse of public manners is not merely a matter of etiquette.Para. 81. According to the author, is violent crime as robbery, rape, murder the chief threat to law-and-order? If not, what is the real threat?No. The real threat lies in ordinary people’s neglecting the law. They never break the law, but they do skirt the law (= avoid, keep distance from, go around the edge of the law). In other words, they are not criminals, but scofflaws.2. What is ‘Prohibition’?the forbidding by law of the manufacture and sale of intoxicating drinks in the USA from 1920 to 1933.3. What is the main reason that Prohibition fail to be carried on?People show no respect for the rule. It seems that the government enjoys littleauthority and the law enjoys little legitimacy among citizens.What is more, the government seems to encourage scofflawry, unintentionally of course.4. What are the evidence to prove it?Take the police for example. On the one hand, they have to obey the order or command given by their superior officials, i.e. to do something against the lawbreakers; on the other hand, what they often confront with are scowflawries which have little to do with the law, then what can they do with these scofflaws, and they are so many? 法不责众Most state law-making bodies seem to encourage disobeying the federal law of 55 m.p.h. driving speed, because they only fine those who exceed the speed limit a little, which is far from enough to give them a lesson.The Administration in WashingtonThe Administration are also accused of destroying environmental laws by failing to enforce them, or by deliberately encouraging disobeying them even if they do enforce them.5. What premonition does T make to the American public in paras. 7 & 8? (comp 3-8)Do not overlook scofflawry as if it were only a matter of bad manners; it may be more powerful than violent crimes in shaking the foundation of w.6. Do you think it appropriate for T to end his essay by presenting evidence of scofflawry at the top? (comp 3-9)Yes. If the law-makers of the country are ignoring the law, how can the ordinary citizens be expected to abide by law, and still less the rules.7. Find in the rest of the text the word ‘however’ used in a similar wa y. How does it contribute to the coherence of the text?(comp 3-3)Para. 8, emphasizes the difference between what Americans think threatens law and order, and what Trippett thinks really does.8. Topic sentence: Scofflawry at various levels of social life was by no means a less serious menace to the foundation of law of the US than violent crimes. (Implied)Para. 91. The most disquieting thing about the scofflaw spirit is its extreme infectiousness. Only a terminally foolish society would sit still and allow it to spread indefinitely.The rapid spread of scofflawry is its most disturbing characteristic. Only a totally irrational society could ever tolerate its unchecked growth.2. Topic sentence:The thesis statement.Post-reading discussion1. Org. & DevlThe topic sentences put together present a well-worked sentence outline for the writer to work on, and a highly condensed gist of the essay for the reader.All the topic sentences are well illustrated with the exception of para. 6, which seems a bit weak in its development.2. Comp. 1, 23. Talk about or write on the scofflawry on the campus, basing the information on your personal experience or observation, or whatever.TEXT IITRUSTAndy Rooney1. Go through the text for 5 mins., trying to get as much information as possible. Then answer the following questions.2. What is the anecdote at the beginning of the essay? (paras. 1-3)Andy R didn’t run the red light even when there was no one around him. (looked left, right, and behind me; no suggestion of headlights)3. Why did he stopped for the light? (para. 4)Because it’s part of the contract .... It’s not only the law, but it’s an agreement .... trust ... restrained by the social convention ...4. How do you understand the distinction between law and the agreement people ofa society trust each other to honor? How much does such an agreement mean to a society? (Q 1)Law is a regulation all members of society are obligated to abide by; violation of it such as robbery, rape, burglary, murder, and embezzlement constitutes an act of crime, and is duly punished.On the other hand, the agreement people of a society trust each other to honor is not a legal obligation; the breach of it is not considered criminal, but socially disagreeable, undesirable, or even to the extent of offensive. In maintaining harmony in social life and interpersonal relationships, such agreement is no less important than law.5. How do you explain the trust people have for each other? Do you agree with R when he says that attitudes of mistrust do not come naturally to us? (para. 5) What R is saying seems to be that trust is a human instinct, i.e., we are all born to be trusting beings. You may not agree with him by arguing that trust is more likely a habit we are taught to cultivate through education, convention, and life experience.We have learned to trust because we know that it pays to do so.6. Can you talk something about the income tax payment in Italy, America, and China? Why would people like to pay it, or evade to pay it? (para. 6) In Italy and in China, many people evade to pay income tax, probably because there is little trust between the taxpayers and the government. The former are not sure, or don’t know where their money will be put in use? Will it be spent by some corruptive government officials freely on table-groaning blow-outs / sumptuous meals or on expensive spa, steam or sauna, bowling and billiards?It should be like this: the taxpayers pay their money to the government and to feed or support the government workers so that the latter should work for the former.PAP in S’pore, and the tax-paying.7. How can we build and maintain trust according to R? (para. 7)We do what we say we’ll do; we show up when we say we’ll show up; we deliver when we say we’ll deliver; we pay when we say we’ll pay. We must keep our promise, and never break it.8. Are there any other examples cited in the text, except the one at the beginning, to demonstrate the mutual trust or mistrust? Think of more instances in our social life of mutual trust and also of mistrust. (Q3) (paras. 8, 9)bank, buying a can of coffee or a quart of milk, selling beer in 11-ounce bottles rather than 12 ounces.9. What is relation between trust and success? Do you agree with the author on this point? Give some examples. (para. 10)People who trust others make out better (get success) in the long run than the people who distrust anyone.10. What will you be most likely to do, to run the red light or to stop for it, even if you are not witnessed by anyone? What do you think people around you will do in such a case? Why?educated, cultivated (to form a habit); constrained by social convention and ethics; prevailing; observed by some advanced facilities or equipment ...Other examples: queuing, spitting, speaking loudly, leaving the meeting for a while, ...11. What do you think of R’s life philosophy that it always pays to be more trusting than mistrusting? (Q4)Open to discussion.Generally speaking, it pays to be trusting. For trust is supposed to be reciprocal; it serves as lubricant in both social life and interpersonal relationships. But there are times when the trusting are taken advantage of. Yet in the long run, it pays to be trusting.Unit 9 Organization and Development1st para. Scofflawries are everywhere.2nd para. Evidence, or varieties of scofflawry 3rd para. Dangers of scofflawry4th para. The flagrant red-light running5th para. Deep dents in the social mood6th para. Social demoralization7th para. Seriousness of incivility8th para. Scofflawry at various levels of society shakes the foundation of US law.9th para. Scofflaw spirit is extremely infectious, so something must be done.。

高级英语（二）教与学指南Practice Testsfor Advanced English(2)主编张华鸿前言编写本书的目的：目前英语专业三年级所使用的由上海外国语大学李观仪教授主编的〈新编英语教程〉第五、六册本书的主要特点：1．紧扣精读课文编写练习，实用性、针对性强。

2．对于同义词辨析的练习配以详尽的解释和相应的例句，旨在帮助学生真正弄懂并掌握这些词的用法。

3．设计了旨在提高学生语言运用熟练程度的系列练习，分别为：一、英语释义二、英语句型转换三、汉译英四、完形填空五、成段改错4．练习均配有参考答案。

本书由张华鸿主编。

高华老师负责编写同义词辨析部分；郑艳丽老师负责编写句型转换部分；张华鸿老师负责编写英语释义、汉译英、完形填空和成段改错四部分，以及全书的编排、设计、整合与审编定稿等工作。

本书承华南师范大学外国语言文化学院领导的大力支持，以及英语系高年级教研室全体同仁的热心帮助，编者在此表示衷心的感谢。

编者2003年1月于华南师范大学外文学院ContentsUnit One: VESUVIUS ERUPTS 3 Unit Two: THE FINE ART OF PUTTING THINGS OFF16 Unit Three: WALLS AND BARRIERS28 Unit Four: THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？40 Unit Five: THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？53 Unit Six: DULL WORK65 Unit Seven:BEAUTY 74 Unit Eight: APPETITE84 Unit Nine: A RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWS98 Unit Ten: STRAIGHT-A ILLITERACY114131 Unit Eleven: ON CONSIGNING MANUSCRIPTS TOFLOPPY DISCS AND ARCHIVES TO OBLIVIONUnit Twelve: GRANT AND LEE147 Unit Thirteen: EUPHEMISM163 Unit Fourteen: THAT ASTOUNDING CREATOR---NA TURE175 Unit Fifteen: TEACHING AS MOUNTAINEERING191Unit OneTEXT IVESUVIUS ERUPTSI. Paraphrase the parts underlined in the following:So the letter which you asked me to write on my uncle’s death has made you eager to hear about the terrors and also the hazards I had to face 1when left at Misenum, for I 2broke off at the beginning of this part of my story.I took a bath, dined, and then dozed 3fitfully for a while. For several days past there had been earth 4tremors which were not particularly alarming because they are frequent in Campania: but that night the shocks were so violent that everything fell as if it were not only shaken but overturned.I don’t know whether I sh ould call this courage or 5folly on my part (I was only seventeen at the time) but I 6called for a volume of Livy and went on reading as if I had nothing else to do.Up came a friend of my uncle’s who had just come from Spain to join him. When he saw us sitting there and me actually reading, he scolded us both —me for my 7foolhardiness and my mother for allowing it.By now it was dawn [25 August in the year 79], but the light was still dim and 8faint. The buildings round us were already 9tottering, and the open space we were in was too small for us not to be in real and 10imminent danger if the house collapsed. This finally 11decided us to leave the town. We were followed by a panic- stricken mob of people wanting to act on someone else’s decision 12in preference to their own (a point in which fear looks like 13prudence), who 14hurried us on our way by pressing hard behind in a dense crowd.We also saw the sea sucked away and apparently forced back by the earthquake: at any rate it receded from the shore so that 15quantities of sea creatures were left 16stranded on dry sand. On the landward side a fearful black cloud was 17rent by forked and quivering bursts of flame, and parted to reveal great tongues of fire, like flashes of lightning magnified in size.At t his point my uncle’s friend from Spain 18spoke up still more urgently: “If your brother, if your uncle is still alive, he will want you both to be saved; if he is dead, he would want you to survive him so why put off your escape?”Soon afterwards the cloud sank down to earth and covered the sea; it had already 19blotted out Capri and hidden the promontory of Misenum from sight. Then my mother 20implored, entreated, and commanded me to escape as best I couldI looked round: a dense black cloud was coming up behind us, spreading over the earth like a flood. “Let us leave the road while we can still see,” I said, “or we shall be knocked down and 21trampled underfoot in the dark by the crowd behind.”You could hear the shrieks of women, the 22wailing of infants, and the shouting of men; some were calling their parents, others their children or their wives, trying to recognize them by their voices. People 23bewailed their own fate or that of their relatives, and there were some who 24prayed for death in their terror of dying. Many 25besought the aid of the gods, but still more imagined there were no gods left, and that the universe was plunged into eternal darkness forevermore. There were people, too, who 26added to the real perils byinventing 27fictitious dangers: some reported that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, and though their tales were false they found others to believe them. A 28gleam of light returned, but we took this to be a warning of the approaching flames rather than daylight.I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear 29escaped me in these perils, 30had I not derived some poor consolation in my mortal lot from the belief that the whole world was dying with me and I with it.We returned to Misenum where we 31attended to our physical needs as best we could, and then spent an anxious night alternating between hope and fear.II. Rewrite the followingFor each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.1. We were followed by a panic-stricken mob of people wanting to act on someone else’s decision in preference to their own, who hurried us on our way by pressing hard behind in a dense crowd.Panic-stricken, the mob of people close behind us ___________ _ 2. We replied that we would not think of considering our own safety as long as we were uncertain of his.Unless we were ___________________________________3. There were people, too, who added to the real perils by inventing fictitious dangers: some reported that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, and though their tales were false they found others to believe them.By reporting that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, _______ 4. I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear escaped me in these perils, had I not derived some poor consolation in my mortal lot from the belief that the whole world was dying with me and I with it.Because I derived some poor consolation_____________________5. Several hysterical individuals made their own and other people’s calamities seem ludicrous in comparison with their frightful predictions.Compared with several individuals’ frightful predictions, the calamities____________ III. Translate the following into English1. 还未等我们坐下来喘息，夜幕已经降临，这黑暗使你觉得不是在无月色或多云的夜晚，而像是在灯火熄灭的紧闭的房间里。

新编英语教程六练习册答案练习一：词汇填空1. Despite the heavy rain, the match went on as scheduled.2. The new policy has been implemented to improve working conditions.3. The innovation in technology has revolutionized the way we communicate.4. She is fascinated by the ancient ruins and their history.5. The diplomat played a crucial role in resolving the international dispute.6. The ecosystem is fragile and requires careful management to maintain balance.7. The architect designed a building that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing.8. The philosopher explored the nature of reality and human existence.9. The economist predicted a downturn in the market based on current trends.10. The biologist studied the behavior and genetics of various species.练习二：语法选择题1. C) Although he is young, he is very experienced.2. A) The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.3. D) She has been working on this project for over a year.4. B) The company was founded in 1990 and has since grown rapidly.5. C) If you had told me earlier, I could have helped you.6. A) The new policy will come into effect next month.7. D) He is not only a talented musician but also a great composer.8. B) The painting was so beautiful that it was sold immediately.9. C) Despite the difficult conditions, the team managed to win the tournament.10. A) After finishing his homework, he went out to play with his friends.练习三：阅读理解Passage 1:Question 1: What is the main topic of the passage?Answer: The main topic is the importance of environmental conservation.Question 2: Why is recycling important?Answer: Recycling is important because it helps to reduce waste, conserve resources, and protect the environment.Passage 2:Question 1: What is the author's opinion on technology in education?Answer: The author believes that technology can enhance learning experiences when used appropriately.Question 2: How can technology be integrated into theclassroom effectively?Answer: Technology can be integrated effectively by using it to support teaching goals, encourage student engagement, and facilitate interactive learning.练习四：完形填空[略]（由于篇幅限制，此处不展开具体内容，但应包含一段短文和相应的填空题及答案）练习五：写作题目：描述你理想中的未来城市。