英语阅读II 考试试卷A适用于；考试日期：；试卷所需时间：120分钟；闭卷； 总分：100分。
Part I True or False (10 points)Section ADirections: The following ten statements are details of plots adapted from the novels read during the semester. Read and decide whether they are true or false, and mark a T for a true statement and an F for a false one.1. ( ) For most of the novel, Pip suspects Jaggers of being his secret benefactor.2. ( ) In the novel Great Expectations , the two most important traits of Pip are hisimmature, romantic idealism and his innately good conscience.3. ( ) The reason for Miss Havisham’s being mad and vengeful is the death of herhusband on their wedding day.4. ( ) Charles Dickens ’ Oliver Twist was written in late 18th century.5. ( ) In novel Oliver Twist, Oliver is between nine and twelve years old when the mainaction of the novel occurs.6. ( ) William Boldwood is a character that appears in Dickens ’ Great Expectations .7. ( ) In the novel Far From the Madding Crowd , two major characteristic of theprotagonist Bathsheba Everdene is her vanity and spiritual dependence on others.8. ( ) In Wuthering Height , the major factor that drives Catherine to marry Edgar is herbrother ’s approval.9. ( ) The most notable physical feature of Heathcliff ’s is his eyes.10. ( ) The plight of the weak, equality in Marriage, wealth and Class are the majorthemes in the novel David Copperfield .Part II Vocabulary (20 points)Section ADirections: There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1. The storage vessel has a ______ of 10,000 liters.A. capacityB. capabilityC. abilityD. faculty 2. The crippled man tried his best to ______ his step to look normal.A. adjustB. adaptC. manipulateD. coordinate 3. I _______ to one daily newspaper and one weekly magazine.A. prescribeB. subscribeC. describeD. transcribe 4. The road is full of ________ turns.A. accidentalB. urgentC. abruptD. swift5. She once again went through her composition carefully to ______ all spelling mistakesfrom it.A. scrapB. eliminateC. abolishD. diminish6. The shop-assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of ______ quality, he ’d tell them so.A. humbleB. inferiorC. minor D awkward.7. Postage rates depends upon several factors: the type of communication, the ________, the weight and the method of transportation.A. destinationB. destinyC. distributionD. termination8. The winners of the football championship ran off the field carrying the silver cup ______.A. turbulentlyB. tremendouslyC. triumphantlyD. tentatively 9. Leaving the burn open to the air is the quickest way to ________ it over.A. healB. cureC. treatD. remedy10. In my opinion, you can widen the _______ of these improvements through your active participation.A. dimensionB. volumeC. magnitudeD. scope11. Teachers can never give pupils any _______ in exams where pupils must cope with all the problems on their own.A. accessB. assistanceC. assumptionD. application 12. Language, culture, and personality may be considered ________ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.A. indistinctiveB. separateC. irrelevantD. independent 13. Don ’t ________ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.A. releaseB. relieveC. relateD. retain 14. My brother was _______ from school because his bad behavior.A. exceededB. expelledC. banishedD. flushed 15. There was a tent at the show where they had lots of rare ________ of birds.A. breedsB. bleedsC. varietiesD. categories 16. The captive was _________ in a dungeon.A. restrictedB. confinedC. controlledD. restrained 17. His skill in negotiating earned him a reputation as a ________ tactician.A. slyB. cunningC. prudentD. subtle18. We were _________ by the news that they were getting divorced; they got married just a month ago and were considered such a perfect match.A. relievedB. dismayedC. startledD. mourned19. The weather is hot; the river is clean and cool. Joe felt it very hard to ________ the temptation to swim.A. resistB. indulgeC. abandonD. hinder20. He is a (n) ________ lawyer since he has passed the National Judicial Examination. A. qualified B. accorded C. deprived D. conferred院系： 专业班级： 姓名： 学号装 ……… 订 线Part III Reading Comprehension (55 points)Section A (10%)Directions: In this part there is one passage followed with five statements. Read the passage and decide each of the statements is true or false, and mark a T for a true statement and an F for a false one.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Most people think of a camel as an obedient beast of burden, because it is best known for its ability to carry heavy loads across vast stretches of desert without requiring water. In reality, the camel is considerably more than just the Arabian equivalent of the mule. It also possesses a great amount of intelligence and sensitivity.The Arabs assert that camels are so acutely aware of injustice and ill treatment that a camel owner who punishes one of the beasts too harshly finds it difficult to escape the camel’s vengeance. Apparently, the animal will remember an injury and wait for an opportunity to get revenge.In order to protect themselves from the vengeful beasts, Arabian camel drivers have learned to trick their camels into believing they have achieved revenge. When an Arab realizes that he has excited a camel’s rage, he places his own garments on the ground in the animal’s path. He arranges the clothing so that it appears to cover a man’s body. When the camel recognizes its master’s clothing on the ground, it seizes the pile with its teeth, shakes the garments violently and tramples on them in a rage. Eventually, after its anger has died away, the camel departs, assuming its revenge is complete. Only then does the owner of the garments come out of hiding, safe for the time being, thanks to this clever ruse.1. ( ) The camel is more than an obedient beast of burden.2. ( ) The camel is insensitive but vengeful.3. ( ) Camels are generally vicious towards their owners.4. ( ) When an Arab realizes that he has excited a camel’s rage, he’d better channel it toescape the camel’s revenge.5. ( ) It is dangerous to keep a camel as a domesticated animal.Section BDirections:In this section there are two passages followed by ten questions, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that you think is the best answer.Passage 2Questions 6 to 9 are based on the following passage:The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution legislation, economic in-centimes and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays--not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industry’s and our recognition that protecting mankind’s great treasure is the single most im portant responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge.We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-versioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion. I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.6. We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because _____.A. They are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing.B. They are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests.C. Time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on it.D. It is difficult for them to take effective measures.7. The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is _____.A. to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasionB. to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protectionC. to take radical measures to control environmental pollutionD. to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards8. The word tunnel-versioned (Line 2, Para.4) most probably means ____.A. narrow-mindedB. blind to the factsC. short-sightedD. able to see only one aspect9. Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?A. Legislation and government interventionB. The industry's understanding and supportC. The efforts of environmental health professionalsD. The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationistsPassage 3Questions 10 to 14 are based on the following passage:Locusts, which can consume their own weight in food each day, have a large neuron called the locust giant movement detector (LGMD) located behind their eyes. The LGMD releases bursts of energy whenever a locust is on a collision course with another locust or a predatory bird.A few years ago Rind and her colleagues studied the activity of the LGMD as locusts watched action scenes from the movie Star Wars. The team found that the LGMD releases more energy when something is coming directly at the locust.These spikes of energy, called action potentials, prompt the locusts to take evasive action. The entire process from motion detection to reaction takes about 45 milliseconds--or 45 thousandths of a second.“Locusts, like most insects, can see many more images per second than we do. This means they can react in time to things that are approaching very rapidly and so make their escape before collision,” Ring said.The locusts’ ability to see many more images per second than humans gives them a remarkable view of the world. For humans, it would be like watching everything go by in slow motion, Rind added.And because the insects only detect things that are on a collision course with them, the locusts are ignorant of all other movements. It’s a particularly useful trait, as the locusts travel in dense swarms akin to rush hour traffic.“The (LGMD) system is complemen ted by the brain of the locust, which provides the necessary experience and knowledge to really react according to the situation,” said Jorge Cuadri, a project engineer with Spain’s National Center of Microelectronics. Cuadri is helping to develop the circuitry for the locust-inspired crash avoidance technology.Cuadri and his colleagues are responsible for adapting the locust collision-avoidance system to the automotive environment.Their adapted system is based on a single, integrated step that combines visual optics and electronics. The conventional way of doing this would involve two steps: First, a camera would capture the image. Second, a digital processor would analyze it.The two-step approach, which uses radar images, is expensive and currently limited only to luxury cars, Rind said.（357 words）10. One of the reasons why human beings are unable to react in time to avoid car collisions themselves is that _____.A. They have no LGMD behind their eyes.B. Cars are not advanced enough yet.C. Their visual is too limited.D. Their brain is never good at functioning in this way.11. What would immediately happen if human beings were endowed with the power to seea good many images in quite a short instant?A. Every movement would become so easily observable that it is just like in slow motion.B. Human beings would be ignorant of all other movements except things that are on a crash route with them.C. Everything around would pass by at a lower speed.D. Human beings would be very sensitive to those cars that are about to bump.12. In the 7th paragraph, what does “complement” mean here?A. CombineB. ExtendC. ExpandD. Complete13. What kind of field is covered when Cuadri adapts the locust collision-avoidance system to the automotive environment?A. Visual optics and electricsB. Electronics and visual opticsC. Visual optics and visual electronicsD. Physics and chemistry14. The passage will most probably be followed by a discussion of _____.A. how to decrease the price of this adapted systemB. how to derive new methods from other insectsC. what problems researchers would face and the future development of crash-avoidancecircuitryD. the further analysis of LGMDSection CDirections: In this section there are two passages followed by nine questions. Answer each question with one or more statements.Passage 4Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion--a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world lacks rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no morepleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us--hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are “bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life--from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.15. Why might people not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion?16. According to the passage, why are people’s learning activities are possible in an emotional world?17. According to the passage, what is the economic foundation of society dependent on?18. Why are emotions significant for man's survival and adaptation?Passage 5Questions 19 to 23 are based on the following passage:Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined. C. R. Barnes has suggested that it is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building. Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water. The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they can be taken into to the root. They are carried to all parts of the growing plant and are built into essential plant material while in a dissolved state. The carbon dioxide(二氧化碳）from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is dissolved in water in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to from simple sugars--the base material from which the plant body is mainly built. Actively growing plant parts are generally 75 to 90 percent water. Structural parts of plants, such as woody stems, due to longer actively growing, may have much less water than growing tissues.The actual amount of water in the plant at any one time, however, is only a very small part of what passage through it during its development. The processes of photosynthesis (光合作用), by which carbon dioxide and water are combined--in the presence of chlorophyll (叶绿素）and with energy derived from light-to from sugars, require that carbon dioxide from the air enter the plant. This occurs mainly in the leaves. The leaf surface is not solid but contains great numbers of minute openings, through which the carbon dioxide enters. The same structure that permits the one gas to enter the leaf, however, permits another gas-water vapor--to be lost from it. Since carbon dioxide is present in the air only in trace quantities (3 to 4 parts in 10,000 parts of air) and water vapor is near saturation in the air only in the air spaces within the leaf at 80°H, saturated air would contain about 186 parts of water vapor in 10,000 parts of air), the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake. Actually, because of wind and other factors, the loss of water in proportion to carbon dioxide intake may be even greater than the relative concentrations of the two gases. Also, not all of the carbon dioxide that enters the leaf is synthesized into carbohydrates (碳水化合物).19. What does a growing plant need water for?20. What is the essential function of photosynthesis in terms of plant needs?21. What is the essential idea the second paragraph use facts to develop?22. How does carbon dioxide enter the plant?23. What factors result in the total amount of water vapor lost is many times the carbon dioxide intake?Part IV Summary Writing (15 points)Direction:There is one passage in this section.Read the passage and write a summary of it within 150 words.Those who distrust pills will take satisfaction in recent news from America’s National Institute of Health. On January 18th the NIH announced the results of two studies of the effects of taking vitamin A and beta-carotene (which the body turns into vitamin A) pills, both widely believed to protect people against lung cancer. For pills taker, the news was bad.In neither study did the pills live up to people’s expectations. In the mixed-sex testing, in fact, those who were given dummy pills that looked like the vitamin pills go on rather better — developing 28% fewer lung cancers — than those who took the real thing. Besides that, the death rate of the real vitamin takers was 17% higher from all causes and 26% higher from heart and blood-vessel diseases than that of the control group. All those showed no strong influence either way from taking vitamin pills.Taken together, the two studies suggest that non-smokers have nothing to gain from adding vitamin A or beta-carotene pills to their diets. For smokers and people at high risk for other reasons their use may be dangerous. Much the same conclusion emerged from an earlier study published in 1994, of nearly 30,000 male smokers in Finland. Here, the men who took beta-carotene pills daily for between five and eight years developed 18% more lung cancers and had a death rate 8% higher than the controls.With all this bad news, the cautious might be tempted to keep away from peaches,pumpkins, carrots and other natural sources of beta-carotene, as well as from pills. But they should not do so, in the opinion of Richard Klausner, director of the NIH’s National Cancer Institute.Population studies, he noted, have linked high dietary intake of beta-carotene in vegetables and fruit to a reduced risk of cancer, and in particular lung cancer. That, after all, is what got people excited about the stuff in the first place. But food rich in beta-carotene would seem to have additional, as-yet-unknown elements that help discourage the abnormal cell growth characteristic of cancer. The absence of these extra elements is likely to explain the failure of the beta-carotene and vitamin A pills to provide the same protection.英语阅读II 考试试卷A答题纸适用于考试日期：；试卷所需时间：120分钟； 闭卷； 总分：100分。
