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定语从句讲议一．什么是定语从句1.定语从句(Relative Clause, Adjective Clause, Attributive Clause, Defining RelativeClauses, Restrictive Clauses ) 是一种由关系词(Relative Word) 引导的从句形式的后置定语。
它分限定性和非限定性两种(Defining and Non-defining)。
2.关系词分关系代词(Relative Pronoun) 和关系副词(Relative Adverb)以及关系限定词(Relative Adverb ).二．限定性和非限定性定语从句在句法和语意上的区别1．限定性定语从句对其所修饰的先行项(Antecedent) 起限制作用，不可缺少，否则句意不完全。
主句和从句间不用逗号隔开。
2．非限定性定语从句只是对其所修饰的Antecedent提供有用的补充情况，缺了它，主句句意仍完整。
主句和从句间用逗号分开，常用在书面语中，文体较正式。
三．关系词的分类关系词分两类：1．关系代词：WHO: refers to persons and used as a subject;WHOM: refers to sb. and used as an objectWHICH: refers to sth. and as a subject, object and prepositional objectTHAT: often refers to sth. sometimes to sb. and a subject, object and prepositionalobjectNote: THAT can’t be used to introduce a non-defining relative clause in an EnglishExamination.2.关系副词:WHEN: refers to time and used an adverbial.WHERE: refers to place or location and as an adverbial.WHY: refers to reason and as an adverbial. It can’t be used to introduce a non-defining relative clause.3.Whose 是表示所属/所有权关系的关系词，是唯一的关系限定词。
定语从句语法专题（Attributive Clauses）教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语，被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl（who got the first prize.）girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。
二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as（主, 宾, 定）关系副词: when, where, why.（状语）2.关系词的作用:（1）引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用；（2）代替先行词在句中充当成分。
定语从句■有关定语从句的概念(1)定语从句：就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。
(2)先行词：就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
(3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词who, whom, whose,which和that等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词不仅起连接作用，而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，关系副词作状语。
如：This is the book that my father bought yesterday. 这就是我父亲昨天帮我买的那本书。
说明：句中修饰the book的that my father bought yesterday就是定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的the book这是先行词；代表the book的关系代词that在定语从句中作bought的直接宾语。
The time when he arrives is not known. 他到达的时间还不知道。
说明：句中when he arrives是定语从句，被定语从句修饰的the time是先行词，关系副词when作时间状语。
■关系代词的一般用法先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who，作定语用whose；先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用of which或whose均可。
在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。
关系代词作宾语时常被省略。
This is the man who helped me yesterday. 这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。
(作主语) The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming. 你要见的老师来了。
(作see 的宾语，可以省略)I met a boy whose father was an astronaut. 我认识一位男孩，他的父亲是宇航员。
大学英语四级考试语法：—定语从句很多同学在大学英语四级考试中会存在一些误区，认为语法不那么重要，其实英语语法是学习英语的指南，对我们帮助很大。
以下是小编给大家整理的大学英语四级考试语法：—定语从句，希望可以帮到大家1、mary is a beautiful girl.名词的扩展靠限定，最基本的就是在名词的前面增加一个形容词这样的定语，上面的句子就是表语girl的前面加了一个形容词。
显然，如果只是mary is a girl这样的句子会让人觉得非常枯燥，没有什么意义，所传递的信息量极其有限。
所以，名词前面加定语，可以使被限定的名词更加生动，更加形象而富有生命。
如果要对名词给出更多限定，挖掘更多内部信息，我们可以在名词前面加多个定语来限定，如mary is a beautiful chinese girl.放在名词前面起到限定作用的定语有很多种形式，形容词，名词，动词现在分词，动词过去分词等。
虽然形式多样，但是这类定语还是比较好理解，只要顺着句子的顺序，就基本可以明白是怎么回事。
2、the computer that i bought yesterday works well.有时候，我们需要对名词给出很多的说明，用大量的信息来限定名词。
这时，如果还是把长长的限定成分放在名词前面，就会头重脚轻，所以英语中会用跟在名词后面的定语从句来限定前面的名词。
根据定语的功能还可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
两者的区别在于前者与被限定名词之间没有逗号，而后者则有逗号隔开;前者起到限定作用，不可或缺，后者起到补充作用，舍去后对剩余部分影响不大。
本句子通过“that i bought yesterday”这个that引导的定语从句，使得主语the computer得到限定而明确，是我昨天买的计算机而不是别的。
如果明白了这个名词可以通过后面加定语从句来扩展，我们的句子马上可以变得复杂起来，请看下例：another popular spectator sport, which is known as the sport of kings, is horse-racing, which is controlled by the jockey club.译文：另一种以特大型运动著称的流行观赏运动是赛马，这种比赛由赛马总会控制。
英语四级高级语法讲解：从句英语四级高级语法讲解：从句【复合句】：定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句。
一、定语从句：1. that，which，who的使用。
一个句子当中有两个相同的名词，将其中的一个名词进行替换，如果是人，用who;如果是物，用which;that既可以指人又可以指物。
2. 谓语动词(结构)和后面的介词有两种关系：关系紧密&关系疏远;定语从句中如果谓语结构和介词关系紧密，则介词必须保留在谓语结构的后面，不能做任何位置的改动;如果谓语结构和介词关系疏远，介词一般提到which/who/that的前面; 介词加which正好表示时间，可以表达成whe- n;表示地点时，可以表达成where;表示原因时，变成why;3. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
限定性定语从句：定语从句和关系词关系非常紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意思会改变;非限定性定语从句：定语从句和关系词关系不是很紧密，删掉定语从句后，整个句子意思不会改变，定语从句只起到补充说明的意义;eg: He won the first place in the competition, which is out of our expectation.② 非限定性定语从句：which引导非限制性定语从句只能放在后面，as则只能放在句子前面二、名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同谓语从句;形式：名词+从句;连接词取决于后面的从句是什么样的形式;如果是陈述句，直接加that引导;一般疑问句：先把一般疑问句变成陈述句语序，然后在其前加上weather或者if;特殊疑问句：直接保留特殊疑问词，后面的`句子变成陈述句语序;定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子，且在句子中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同谓语、介词宾语等成分;eg. Yuminhong, the president of New Oriental School.三、状语从句:两个独立的句子中间用一些含义不同的连接词连接;状语从句用来表达两个句子之间的逻辑关系;分成原因状语、条件状语、结果状语、时间状语、地点状语、让步状语、目的状语、比较状语、方式状语等九大类型;定语从句是名词+关系词+从句，关系词的用法取决于名词的问题;名词性从句：同谓语从句：名词+关系词+从句，关系词跟后面的从句有关系，如果是陈述句，直接加that引导;一般疑问句：先把一般疑问句变成陈述句语序，然后在其前加上weather或者if;特殊疑问句：直接保留特殊疑问词，后面的句子变成陈述句语序;宾语从句：动词+关系词+从句;表语从句：系动词+关系词+从句;主语从句：关系词+从句+谓语动词;名词性从句，其关系词的来源取决于后面的从句的性质。
定语从句目录·定语从句·（序）·（一）限定性定语从句·（二）非限定性定语从句·（三）定语从句及相关术语·（四）关系代词引导的定语从句·（五）注意·（六）关系副词引导的定语从句·（七）判断关系代词与关系副词·（八）介词+关系词·（十）先行词和关系词二合一·（十一as）which 非限定性定语从句·（十二）关系代词that 的用法·（十三）难点分析定语从句（序）１定语可以由形容词，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句．２定语从句用来修饰名词，代词或整个主句．３定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
４定语从句存在的条件:先行词+关系词（有的版本作关联词）+从句（一）限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢I like the place which I livedI like the place which I stayedI like the place which I visited4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格（二）非限定性定语从句不能用that 引导非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom 代表人，用which代表事物.（三）定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
定语从句定语 修饰一个名词或代词 ···的先行词 被修饰的名词,词组或代词，由关系词引出。
关系词 引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词 关系词 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose ，as 没有what关系副词 where, when, why ，how作用：①引导定语从句。
②代替先行词。
③在从句中充当成分主语,宾语或表语定语从句复合句I have acoat （来说明coat ）改错 This is the right book that you are looking for the book.关系代词的用法表一限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例：(1) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句举例：不能用that(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.〔误〕The book，that I bought yesterday，was very good要注意区分以下几个句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他还有其他哥哥(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他只有一个哥哥具体用法(一)下列情况,定语从句须用that引导.1.先行词是all, much, a little, none, the one 等不定代词或由no- , any- , every- 构成的复合不定代词时. 但something前有the 时从句可由which 引出如:All that is worth doing should be done well.一切值得做的事都应该做好.2.先行词被all , every, no, some, any, little, much, one of , the only, the very , the same, theright等修饰时. 如:There is little money that I can spend on books. 我几乎无钱买书.The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助于警察.3.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时. 如:We will never forget the first lesson (that) our chemistry teacher gave us.化学老师上的第一课我们永远难忘.4.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时. 如:This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard. 可省略。
一、定语从句1．什么是定语从句？定语从句就是用一句话做定语，放在被修饰名词的后面。
This is a good book. 形容词作定语This is the book that got No.1 sale last week. 从句作定语This girl is my girlfriend. She is dancing with that guy.The girl / who is dancing with that guy is my girlfriend.she 指代的是the girl, 因此she 后面的内容就是修饰the girl, 两句话合并时，用who 代替the girl, 把从句嵌入原句中。
the girl 为先行词who 为关系词2．构成定语从句的两大要素（先行词，关系词）①先行词（定语从句所修饰名词）先行词可以是一个词，短语，一个分句，一个完整的句子He who laughs last laughs best.He likes climing mountains, which is a good exercise.He said that he had no time, which isn’t true.He arrived an hour later, which annoyed his girlfriend.②关系词（也可以称为引导词，引导从句）两大作用：连词作用和代词作用∴关系词分为：关系代词: who, that, which, whom, whose, （which, that 指物，who 作主语时指代人，whom 作宾部时指代人whose 指代所有格，…的）关系副词: when , where, whyPS: when = on/at whichwhere = in/on/at whichwhy = for whichI like people who are honest. 这里面who 指代的people, 作关系代词I like the library where I can read.where= in which, 引导的定语从句修饰library, 把library 带回定语从句中，Ican read in the library. 做状语，因此where 是关系副词。
英语四六级常考语法精讲：从句I 定语从句1．先行词为all, anything, something, nothing, everything, much, little, none等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。
在大多数情况下that可以省略．Please tell me everything (that) you know about the matter.That’s all (that) we can do at the moment.2．as引出的限制性定语从句在such … as的结构中as可作关系代词，引出限制性定语从句。
有时和same连用，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语等。
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.I’ve never seen such a talented young man as he is.I have the same trouble as you (have).3．as引出的非限制性定语从句as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，通常译为“（正）如…一样”，“（正）象…一样”等。
as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面．I live a long way from work, as you know.She did not, as her friend had feared, break down.As is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.4．分隔式定语从句定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但有时会被其他句子成分与先行词隔开，从而构成分隔式定语从句。
The days are gone when power politics worked.A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you French.5．介词+关系代词（which/whom等）引出的定语从句如果关系代词（which/whom等）在定语从句中作介词的宾语，那么这个介词可以提到从句前，构成“介词+关系代词（which/whom等）+定语从句”。
大学英语四级考试语法讲解：定语从句2015年大学英语四级考试语法讲解：定语从句一、定语从句的回顾Fruit that contains vitamin C can relieve a cold.The man who we met yesterday is a famous psychologist.iuThis is the right book that you are looking for.二、关系词充当宾语的时候三、关系词充当主语(1)谓语结构为实词(2)谓语结构为be + 名词四、先行词为the way定语从句省略A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a micro-processor and memory, and a GPS (全球定位系统) satellite positioning receiver. (06。
6旧)She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. (06。
6旧)Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic (长久的.) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.(06。
6旧)It enrolls 90,000 student , a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.(07.12) Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at annual rate of 3.9 percent, form 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. (07.12)18. W: You had a job interview yesterday, didn’t you? How did it go?M: Not too bad, I guess. There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager’s job. And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified.Q: What does the man imply?A)He is confident he will get the job.B)His chance of getting the job is slim.C)It i sn’t easy to find a qualified sales manager.D)The interview didn’t go as well as he expected.Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. 09.12汉密尔顿并不是第一位跨越大西洋到外国任职的教育家。
