2017考研英语翻译：强化热点话题 打牢基本功

考研英语翻译答题技巧大全考研英语翻译答题技巧大全考研英语翻译答题技巧都有哪些？2023年考研英语翻译题有哪些答题解题思路？下面就让我给大家带来考研英语翻译答题技巧，盼望大家喜爱！考研英语翻译答题技巧考研英语翻译是广阔考生英语复习中的一个难点，其实英译汉的重点在于阅读理解，适用于阅读理解的许多部分均适用于英译汉的复习与解答。

英译汉是把一种语言承载的信息用另一种语言表达出来。

要充分、精确、快速地传达原文信息，译者首先要理解原文。

假如理解不精确，好的翻译就无从谈起。

从近年来的讨论生入学试题来看，划线的部分一般来说句子结构都比较简单。

假如不弄清晰他的语法结构，很难正确地理解原文的要求。

在分析划线部分句子的结构时，我们要留意首先把句子的主语、谓语和宾语找出来，这样句子的主干结构也就清晰了。

下面我们以_年英译汉第46题为例说明句子结构的分析方法：but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.解析：这是一个复合句，句子的主干为he believes，that后引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主干是difficulty may have had the compensating advantage。

of引导介词短语修饰advantage。

不定式结构to think long and intently about every sentence和to detect errors 是him的宾语补足语。

这样通过具体的分析，在弄清句子的详细结构之后，再动笔翻译就简洁多了。

2017考研英语（二）翻译真题参考译文及考点解析来源：文都教育2017年考研英语考试已经结束，文都教育给大家提供了的2017考研英语（二）真题翻译答案解析，供广大考生参考：【原文题目】My DreamMy dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!【参考译文】我的梦想我的梦想一直是在时装设计和出版界之间找寻一个工作。

考研英语翻译强化冲刺：考研英语翻译的难点词汇与长难句一、难点词义会推导词汇是备考考研英语翻译的基础和重中之重。

认识翻译句子中的每个单词，是考生拿到高分的最基本前提。

然而，对于考研英语大纲中给出的五千多个单词，多数考生在准备时感到很茫然，不知该如何记忆。

从历年翻译题目中看出翻译很少有生僻词，重点应该是词汇的一词多义、词性转换、词义引申、词组搭配等，即考生要在词汇的纵深上下工夫。

针对这一点，老师给大家提出几点建议：第一，将近10年翻译真题中出现过的单词强化记忆考研翻译的单词是有相当高的重复出现率的。

比如justify 这个词经考过三次：2011-48，2012-47，2013-50。

(2011-48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need。

此处justification需要进行词性转化，译文为辩护;证明合理译文：这似乎是在为忽视贫困者的行为作辩护。

(2012-47) Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings。

此处justification 可直译为合理化的解释;理由。

译文：在此，达尔文似乎给出了合理化的解释，这是因为如果整个人类有相同的起源，那么我们就有理由认为，文化的多样性同样也可以追溯到更为具体的开端。

(2013-50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a liberated sense, to describe these synthetic constructions。

2017考研英语翻译考点解析(二)一、翻译重点考点预测1. 定语从句2. 并列结构3. 代词指代4. 复杂修饰语5. 特殊结构6. 一词多义二、翻译考前得分指导（一）翻译做题步骤翻译做题时间建议20分钟，每个题4分钟，具体翻译步骤如下：第一步：阅读首句，确定学科领域15s第二步：直奔句子，跳过细节词，拆分结构30s第三步：进入细节，确定词义，口译每部分 1.5m第四步：调整语序，口头整合译文1m第五步：写译文1m（二）预测考点得分指导句法层面：1、定语从句定语从句最大的特点即是位置在被修饰词的后面，但是在翻译时位置却比较灵活。

定语从句总的翻译原则在于使表达符合汉语的表达习惯。

定语从句的翻译方法和难点如下：1）常用方法：前置/后置法定语从句较短时，即把定语从句的内容翻译成"......的"，放在被修饰词的前面。

定于从句较长时，可将定语从句后置。

方法：重复先行词或用"这"代替较长的先行词由于定语从句的引导词往往指代主句中的某一成分或者整个主句，所以在翻译时可以将引导词译为"这"，从而使句子表达更加符合汉语习惯。

2）较难方法：状译法有些定语从句相当于主句的状语，修饰主句的谓语或者全句。

起到原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等功能，所以翻译时需要根据逻辑关系进行翻译。

如：(2007-49) journalists (who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution) cannot do a competent job on political stories本句中who引导的定语从句和主句存在着"条件关系"，因此可译为"如果…那么…"3）定状判别：where，when判别方法：主句里是否有时间地点名词，有时间地点名词就是定语从句，没有就是状语从句。

【摘要】考研英语翻译需要不断的积累，尤其是要注意把握一些翻译的技巧和方法。

2017考研英语翻译有哪些技巧？下面是小编为大家整理的考研英语翻译的实用技巧，仅供大家参考。

一、理解英语原文，拆分语法结构在翻译过程中，理解是表达的前提，不能正确理解就谈不上正确表达。

因此，首先要理解英语原文，从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，并理解划线部分与文章其他部分之间的语法与逻辑关系。

由于英语语言具有“形合”的特点，也就是说，英语句子无论多么复杂，都是通过语法手段和逻辑手段连接起来的“像葡萄藤一样”的结构。

如果搞不清楚句子的语法结构，考生是很难做出正确的翻译的。

因此在翻译句子之前，必须先通读全句，一边读一边拆分句子的语法结构，这是正式动笔翻译之前的一项重要准备工作。

怎么拆分呢？具体来讲，考生可以寻找下面一些“信号词”来对英语句子进行拆分，进而更加有效地理解英语原文。

1.基本原则：把主句和从句拆分出来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。

2.连词：如and, or, but, yet, for等并列连词连接着并列句；还有连接状语从句的连接词，如：when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, since, thought, although, so that, ......等等；它们是考生要寻找的第一大拆分点。

3.关系词：如连接名词性从句的who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever等关系代词和when, where, how, why等关系副词；还有连接定语从句的关系代词，如who, which, that, whom, whose等等；它们是第二大拆分点。

4.标点符号：标点符号常常断开句子的主干和修饰部分，也是一个明显的拆分点。

5.除此之外，介词on, in, with, at, of, to等引导的介词短语，不定式符号to，分词结构也可以作为拆分点。

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades. (46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future. Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol (47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities. David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages. If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads. (49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage. The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50)It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment.That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.。

2017考研英语翻译常见四类强调结构在考研英语科目中的翻译题里，有的时候会涉及到一些强调结构的知识，接下来就帮助大家了解和认识翻译题中的强调结构。

▶强调宾语Such good students we have never seen.像这样好的学生，我们还从来没有见过。

(直接按照英语顺序翻译)Not a word did she say the whole two hours.整整两个小时她一句话也没有说。

(把宾语还原到谓语动词后面翻译)▶强调状语At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use or menace to use nuclear weapons.在任何时候和任何情况下，中国都不会首先使用或威胁使用核武器。

(直接按照英语的顺序翻译)Never will they give up the struggle for freedom and peace.他们绝对不会放弃为自由和和平而斗争。

(把状语还原到谓语动词前面翻译)▶强调宾语补足语一、英语中通过改变语序来强调，常把要强调的部分往前提，翻译时还原正常语序。

Electronic computers make possible the fast complicated calculation.电子计算机使快速进行复杂计算成为可能。

(把possible还原为到宾语后面)A scandal people call the whole matter.人们把这件事称为丑闻。

(把a scandal还原为到宾语后面)二、在动词前面加上助动词do，也是英语中一种表示强调的方法。

翻译成汉语时，可使用“的确，确实，务必，一定，千万，真的”等词来突出强调语气。

She did accomplish the task in time.她的确准时完成了任务。

We do have sufficient food and drink.我们确实有足够的事物和饮料。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone”18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.拥抱可以使医生远离我们吗？答案也许是响亮的“是的”。

2017考研英语真题翻译翻译原文：原文：Governments, irrespective of their political orientation, have embraced globalization as an inevitable, irreversible and irresistible force. Decisions that shape the future of globalization and our collective global destinies are constantly being made by individuals, organizations and governments.译文：不论政治取向如何，各国政府都将全球化视为不可避免、不可逆转和不可抗拒的力量。

决定全球化的未来和我们共同的全球命运的决策正不断地由个人、组织和政府做出。

原文：With increased scale and speed of flows of goods, services, capital and knowledge, significant changes have taken place in the global economy in the past thirty years. Countries have grown closer economically, and international interactions have intensified. However, globalization has had both positive and negative impacts on people’s lives and societies.译文：在过去的30年里，随着物品、服务、资本和知识流动的规模和速度的增加，全球经济发生了重大变化。

各国在经济上变得更加密切，国际互动变得更加密集。

下载毙考题APP免费领取考试干货资料，还有资料商城等你入驻邀请码：8806 可获得更多福利2017考研英语翻译每日一句：出国留学热考研英语翻译部分在试题中分值占10%，建议同学们还是要重视起来，为自己争取更多的分数。

小编考研为大家搜集了有关社会生活、科普知识、文化教育等方面的相关句子，以此拓展大家的视野。

一起来学习吧!本期主题【出国留学热】As early as 100 years ago，studying abroad was seenas a strategy tostrengthen the nationalpower.Now，more and more students crave forstudyingabroad.Students nowadays are a bitaimless and casual when craving forstudyingabroad, which leads to many problems like exhausting all the savings oftheir family,wastingtheir youths but ending up by giving up halfway and evenbecoming trouble-makingstudents with many bad habits.It s better not follow thecurrent craze of studying abroadblindly and it s most important to choose thedirection fit for oneself,for one can perform wellin any field .参考翻译：早在100年前，出国留学就被视为一种强国之策。

直至今日，越来越多的学生热衷于出国留学。

但当下风行的留学热，掺杂着一定的盲目性和随意性，从而导致很多问题的发生，如许多留学生花掉家中积蓄，搭上个人青春，到头来却是半途而废，有的甚至成为恶习缠身的问题学生。

2017年考研英语二translation一、概述考研英语二中的翻译题一直是考生备考的重点和难点之一。

2017年的考研英语二翻译题同样备受关注，该题目旨在考查考生对英语语言运用能力的综合考量和应用能力。

本文将围绕2017年考研英语二翻译题展开分析和解读，以期为考生提供一些有价值的备考资料和思路。

二、2017年考研英语二翻译题整体情况2017年考研英语二翻译题的总体难度适中，题目较为贴近生活，与考生在日常生活中接触较多的话题相关。

该题目一共有两道翻译题，分别是汉译英和英译汉，涉及到的主题包括全球气候变化和数字化时代的挑战。

翻译难度相对较大，需要考生具备一定的语言功底、翻译能力和逻辑思维能力。

三、第一道翻译题分析第一道翻译题是汉译英，主题为全球气候变化。

该题主要考查考生对气候变化这一全球性问题的理解和表达能力，要求考生准确把握中文原文的意思，并以流畅自然的英文表达出来。

难点在于如何用地道的英语表达出全球气候变化对人类和地球环境的影响，同时保持译文的准确性和简洁性。

考生需要在短时间内准确把握文意，做到信达雅，注意使用科学性、学术性的词汇和表达方式，同时避免过度使用从句和复杂句式。

四、第二道翻译题分析第二道翻译题是英译汉，主题是数字化时代的挑战。

该题目主要考查考生对数字化时代的理解和应用，需要考生准确把握原文意思，并以流畅自然的汉语表达出来。

难点在于如何用中文表达出数字化时代对人类生活和社会产生的影响，同时保持译文的准确性和简洁性。

考生需要在短时间内准确把握文意，做到信达雅，注意灵活使用各类中文词汇和表达方式，同时避免句式过长和过多修饰词。

五、备考建议为了应对2017年考研英语二翻译题的挑战，考生在备考过程中需要充分利用各种资源，准备充分。

在平时的学习中，考生可以多积累词汇和短语，培养自己的语感和表达能力。

在模拟考试中，考生可以多做一些真题和模拟题，提高自己的应试能力。

考生也可以参加一些翻译训练班或者进行一些翻译练习，通过不断磨炼来提高翻译水平。

2017考研《英语一》翻译真题及答案（勤思版）考试采取“一题多卷”模式，试题答案顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。

Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position ofEnglish as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages,such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题Section I Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danahe r says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run－up to 2012－but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in theplanning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularityB．created many jobsC．strengthened community tiesD．become an official festival22. The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____. A．boost population growthB．promote sport participationC．improve the city's imageD．increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talentsB．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitismD．does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____. A．organize "grassroots" sports eventsB．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubsD．invest in public sports facilities25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____. A．tolerantB．criticalC．uncertainD．sympatheticText 2W ith so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget abouttheir own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device－it can be extreme ly disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. "Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents shoul d always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______. A．simplify routine mattersB．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relationsD．increase work efficiency27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______. A．takes away babies’ appetiteB．distracts children’s attentionC．slows down babies’ verbal developmentD．reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive t o changes in their parents’ moodD．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______. A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their childrenD．remain concerned about kid's use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.A．give their parents some free timeB．make their parents more creativeC．help them with their homeworkD．help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits－in fact, it probably enhances it. Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes－all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least on ce. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to anotherafter taking college classes. It’s not neces sarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____. A．they think it academically misleadingB．they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC．it feels strange to do differently from othersD．it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____. A．keep students from being unrealisticB．lower risks in choosing careersC．ease freshmen’s financial burdensD．relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word “acclimation”（Line 8, Para. 3）is closest in meaning to_____. A．adaptationB．applicationC．motivationD．competition34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.A．avoid academic failuresB．establish long-term goalsC．switch to another collegeD．decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be_____.A．In Favor of the Gap YearB．The ABCs of the Gap YearC．The Gap Year Comes BackD．The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate i s a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015they_____.A．exhausted unprecedented management effortsB．consumed a record-high percentage of budgetC．severely damaged the ecology of western statesD．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37. Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _____.A．raise more funds for fire-prone areasB．avoid the redirection of federal moneyC．find wildfire-free parts of the landscapeD．guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____. A．public debates have not settled yetB．fire-fighting conditions are improvingC．other factors should not be overlookedD．a shift in the view of fire has taken place39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____. A．discover the fundamental makeup of natureB．explore the mechanism of the human systemsC．maximize the role of landscape in human lifeD．understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.A．do away withB．come to terms withC．pay a price forD．keep away fromPart BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. "We don't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages. "They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love working with tools. I love creating." he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is."Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives," she says.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)46. My DreamMy dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!Section IV WritingPart A47 Directions:Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1）Accept the invitation, and2）Introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.Do not write the address .(10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)You should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题答案解析答案速查：1-5 CADAB 6-10 BCADC11-15 CBADC 16-20 DABDB21-25 ABCDB 26-30 BDDCA31-35 CDADA 36-40 BDCBD41-45 EAGBFSection I Use of English文章题材结构分析本文选自《大西洋月刊》中7月28日的题为“Would a Work-Free World Be So Bad?”的文章，主要描述对无需工作的一种未来的设想和分析。

2017考研英语一翻译参考答案题源：语言学家David Graddol的著作“English Next”（《英语走向何方》）主题：英语语言学考试原文The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades. (46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol. (47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generations of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48) many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish, Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant. (50) It gives a basis to all organizations which seek to promote the learning and the use of English, a basis for planning to meet possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.参考答案46. But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.参考译文：但是，尽管说英语的人数进一步增加，还是有迹象表明，英语的全球优势地位在不久的将来可能会减弱。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案详解（完整版）注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对万学海文教研中心英语教研室Section I Use of English1、【答案】[C] warning【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

首句说：人们几个世纪以来一直在思索没有工作的未来。

该句含义为：现在也是如此，学者们再次_______技术正在取代人类劳动。

从句为负向，故首先排除boasting吹嘘，ensuring确保。

Denying否认与首句中心句相冲突，故答案为Warning警告，语义逻辑通顺。

2、【答案】[A] inequality【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

该句含义为：“一些人认为即将来临的不用工作的世界通过______来定义。

少数的富人拥有所有的财富，而大多数人则在一片贫穷的荒芜之地中挣扎着生存。

”后一句话为对前一句的解释，所以这是一个不平等的世界，选inequality。

3、【答案】[D] prediction【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

该句含义为：一个不同的，而并不相互排斥的_______认为未来将成为一面不同类别的荒芜之地。

此处，prediction（语言）呼应了文中future （未来），为最佳选项，且代入原文语义通顺。

Policy政策，guideline指导方针，resolution 决心，在此处都不符合题意。

4、【答案】[A] characterized【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

前文说一种与众不同的荒芜之地，one为同位语补充说明荒地特征。

该句含义为：未来将成为一面不同类别的荒芜之地，一个以漫无目的性________的荒芜之地。

Be characterized by以……为特征，此处purposelessness（漫无目的）的确是一种特征，故该选项为正确答案。

Divide分割，measure测量，balance 平衡，均语义不通。

5、【答案】[B] meaning【解析】此处考察词义辨析及词义复现。

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它‎的主席叫大‎卫格兰多的‎一本书，叫‎《英语下一‎步》，他讲‎到整本书意‎思是英语将‎走向何处。

‎‎很有意思的‎是主席曾经‎这本书里说‎到了中文将‎以后成为世‎界语言。

英‎语1考题作‎为序言部分‎作为考题。

‎‎今年英语1‎总体难度和‎去年相比，‎刚刚过去2‎017年考‎研题稳中有‎一点点上升‎，没有任何‎难句出现，‎只是长句。

‎我认为稳中‎上升。

‎第一‎句话有一个‎单词难一点‎，(英文)‎，英语全球‎性主导地位‎。

翻译里没‎有考过。

(‎英文)主导‎地位考过，‎但是是阅读‎里经常出现‎，翻译都是‎可以的。

这‎句话基本意‎思说到了，‎说英语的人‎进一步扩大‎，这是一个‎(英文)状‎语从句。

后‎面跟着有迹‎象表明，是‎主句，表明‎的迹象是什‎么呢?从句‎，英语全球‎性主导地位‎在可预见地‎位将减弱。

‎‎f ade(‎英文)略微‎有难度。

我‎对考研阅读‎没有那么熟‎，但是20‎17年出现‎过。

如果按‎照新东方老‎师关注的精‎读方法来学‎习有很好的‎效果。

‎第二‎句话讲到了‎大卫这个人‎分析，会终‎结一些人的‎(英文)，‎他们或许会‎认为英语全‎球性地位是‎如此稳定。

‎他们有一次‎词，是(英‎语)如此稳‎定，英国年‎轻一代不需‎要额外学习‎其他的语言‎能力。

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