备战2022年中考英语考前时事热点话题阅读+题型专练热点79 认识依法治国的重要性一、阅读理解1China has passed a law Yangtze River Protection Law to protect the Yangtze River, which has been described as the “mother river” of the Chinese nation. The law took effect on March 1, 2021. It is the fir st law to protect a waterway in China.The 6,397 km Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and provides an important lifeline for hundreds of millions of people. It covers an area of about 1.8 million km2, about a fifth of the national total. The Yangtze River provides a third of the country’s freshwater resources, but it has suffered a lot of environmental problems in recent years, such as heavy pollution and decrease (减少) in fish populations. To solve these problems, China put a 10-year fishing ban (禁令) at the beginning of this year to protect fish resources. But more should be done. So the new law came.According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, around 231,000 fishermen said they would give up fishing along the Yangtze River to protec t the “mother river”. Chinese Vice Premier Han Zheng said that more support should be given to those fishermen to help them find new jobs and places to live. He also called for stronger efforts to prevent illegal (非法的) fishing.The new law includes not only resource protection and anti-pollution (反污染) measures, but also design and management, green development and other fields. State news agency Xinhua says the purpose of the new law is to protect the environment better, use resources correctly and make sure of sustainable (可持续的) development.1. Yangtze River Protection Law ________.A. took effect on March 1, 2021 and it’s the first law to protect the nationB. has a 10-year fishing ban to protect fish resources and the fishermen in itC. includes some measures about green development of the Yangtze RiverD. describes the Yangtze River as the “mother river” of the Chinese nation2. Paragraph 2 is written to ________.A. show it’s necessary to pass the lawB. tell us the importance of the riverC. encourage people to protect the riverD. introduce the beauty of the river3. According to Han Zheng, we can infer that ________.A. around 231,000 fishermen would give up fishingB. some people still fish without following the lawC. government should give more support to the fishermenD. the fishermen may lose their jobs and has no places to live4. This passage may be ________.A. an adB. a storyC. a diaryD. a piece of news2Should More Cities Make It Illegal (不合法) to Text While Crossing the Street?Hawaii, the U.S., recently passed a law making it illegal to text or look down at mobile phones while crossing the street. It is the first major U.S. city with a law like this. Do you think more places should pass such a law? Here are some ideas.Sally, Seoul, South KoreaWe should make it illegal in more cities because texting while walking canbe dangerous. If you are looking at your phone while walking, you might not seea car come or the traffic light turn red.Andrew, Sydney, AustraliaI disagree because we have the right to make our own decisions. The governmentneeds to stop telling us what to do. After all, this is a free country. And policeneed a lot of time to catch real criminals (犯人).Madeline, Paris, FranceThis law is a good idea. If this law goes into effect in more cities, people will beupset. But is there really a way to please everyone? This would not be for fun. Itwould be for the benefit and safety of all the people.Anjali, Tokyo, JapanPeople do many things that cause injury (伤害) to themselves but are not illegal.People might get hurt from texting while walking if they're not paying attention.But I still think they should have a choice.5. _________ recently passed a law making it illegal to text while crossing the street.A. Seoul B. Sydney C. Hawaii D. Paris6. What does Sally think of texting while walking?A. Common.B. Dangerous.C. Strange.D. Unhealthy.7. According to Madeline,_________.A. people might not see a car come while textingB. the law would be for the benefit of all the peopleC. people have the right to make their own decisionsD. people do many things that cause injury to themselves3Enjoying a better life at school, with shorter class hours, greater privacy(隐私)and more rights is all you dream of, right?For students in Shanghai, they are no longer just dreams. This week experts(行家)and law-makers in Shanghai had a meeting to talk about a new law(法律). It is called the “Shanghai Underage Protection Law(上海未成年人保护法)”.The law says students’ diaries and letters are their secrets and “Nobody can read them if they don’t agree.”Do your teachers sometimes say something bad to you? Maybe they send you out of the classroom because you fail to finish doing your homework. If this happens in Shanghai, you can stand up and say “No”.Shanghai students may have less homework because of the law. Class hours may become shorter for juniors next year, down from 45 minutes to 40 minutes in some schools.The law also talks about students’ health. According to the rules,“Smoking in these pl aces full of kids is not allowed.”That means you can ask your teacher to stop if he smokes in a classroom.The law makes schools safer for students. “No dancing halls, Internet bars or computer game bars are allowed within(在……以内)200 meters of a school gate.” the law says.The law is great, right? Many students like it.“My mom reads my diaries sometimes. I think she will be afraid if I tell her she is doing something against the law.” said Luo Jia, 13, at Shanghai Fuxing Junior School.If you want to know m ore about the law, go to “”.8. The students’ diaries and letters are their secrets and_______.A. only their parents can read themB. only their teacher can read themC. Nobody can read themD. Their teacher can read them9. Shanghai students may have _____homework, because of the law.A. lessB. moreC. many D much more10. If your teacher smokes in a classroom, you can _____.A. stop herB. agree herC. leaveD. smile11. Internet bars or computer game bars _______within 200 meters of a school gate.A. are allowedB. are importantC. aren’t allowedD. are necessary12. According to the passage, we know the new law is _______for the students.A. goodB. wrongC. not usefulD. impossible4There is a song we all can sing —March of the Volunteers (《义勇军进行曲》). It’s our national anthem (国歌). Now, there is a law to protect the song.On Sept 1, the government passed the National Anthem Law. It states how we should sing or play the song, requiring (要求) all Chinese to respect it. The law will take effect from Oct 1.According to the law, the song will only be allowed to play at nine situations, such as major sporting events, award ceremonies and flag-raising ceremonies. It shouldn’t be used at personal funerals (葬礼) or as background music in public places.Moreover, the law requires Chinese to be serious when singing the song. We can neither joke about the song nor change the song’s words or music. If someone breaks the law, he or she can be detained (拘留) for up to 15 days or held criminally liable (负刑事责任).Many foreign countries also have laws for their national anthems. For example, US people should put the right hands over their hearts while singing the song. In Russia, the national anthem must be played on television and radio before the start and the end of broadcasting(广播).13. During which of the following situations are you NOT allowed to play the national anthem?A. A major sporting event. B. Award ceremonies.C. Flag-raising ceremonies.D. As background music in public places.14. The people ______ put their right hands over their hearts while singing the national anthem.A. in ChinaB. in JapanC. in the USD. in Russia15. What is NOT true about the Chinese National Anthem Law?A. It requires Chinese to be serious when singing the song.B. Anyone can’t joke about the song, or he or she may be detained for up to 15 days.C. That someone changes the song’s words or music means breaking the law.D. At the start of broadcasting the national anthem must be played on television.16. What is the main idea of the passage?A. A new law was passed to protect the Chinese national anthem.B. What people should do to respect other countries.C. Why citizens should protect their national anthem.D. How different countries take action to respect their national anthems.5Shanghai become the first city to enforce(执行) its strictest-ever waste law on July 1, 2019. According to the law, people are required to separate(分离) dry waste, wet waste, recyclable waste and harmful waste. Those who fail to separate waste face fines(罚款) of up to 200 yuan. Companies can be fined up to 5,000 yuan. What do people think of the law? Let's have a look.Robert from the US:I totally agree! China is heading in the right direction and all the Chinese cities are expected to meet this strict standard! I am looking forward to seeing a cleaner, better and healthier China.Kim from the UK: There’s no doubt that everyone should do something to protect the environment I’m all for it. But first of all, we have to make sure people know how to separate different kinds of waste.Michael from Finland: It’s great.In Finland, all soft drinks and beer bottles have a deposit(押金). For example, a Coca-Cola bottle has a deposit in the price when you buy it.You get the money back when you return the bottle to the store. And all apartment buildings with more than five apartments must recycle paper, cardboard, glass and metal waste.Jack from China: I don’t think it will achieve expected results, but things will improve f or sure. Some people will start to realize the importance of separating waste and put waste in different bins. In my opinion, as long as we all pull together, we will be able to make our Earth a better planet.17. What does Robert think of the waste law in Shanghai?A. It’s totally useless.B. It’s much too strict.C. It’s impossible to follow.D. It’s really necessary.18. According to Kim,people should first be educated to ________.A. spend money wiselyB. separate waste correctlyC. clean up harmful wasteD. It’s really necessary.19. In ______ country, one has to pay a deposit when buying Coca-Cola.A. Robert’sB. Kim'sC. Michael'sD. Jack’s20. What can we learn from the reading?A. The waste law in Shanghai is helpful.B. Robert would like to study in China someday.C. Kim and Michael are from the same country.D. Jack is sure that the law will get good results.21. What’s the reading mainly about?A. Why to enforce the waste law?B. How to separate waste properly.C. People’s opinions on the waste law.D. The importance of separating waste.6A 12-year-old girl from Virginia, US, never thought that a simple message she put online could bring her big problems. She posted the words,"Killing. Meet me in the library Tuesday”, with three emojis（表情符号）of a gun, a knife and a bomb (炸弹)on Instagram, a social media (社交媒体). She was told that she broke the law because of threatening （威胁）her school.This problem is not far away from us. Not long ago, Ni Hanxiang, a Chinese student at university in the US, was sent back to China after expressing on social media that he would kill his teachers if he failed to pass his exams.In China, posting threatening words online is also against the law. In 2013, Wu Hongfei, a singer, got into trouble for saying on weibo that she wanted to blow up a building."Threatening happens not only face to face but also through the Internet, social media and the telephone,” said Mr.Cao, a lawyer from Chongqing."Although the law of China protects people's right of free speech, it doesn't include words that threaten others' lives and national safety.""Some people may not mean to threaten. They may just be trying to say 'I'm strong’,” said Fred Pratt, a lawyerfrom the US.The girl's mother said her daughter was a good kid who had never been in trouble before. Ni Hanxiang also said he didn't realize that what he put online was so serious."But not knowing the law doesn't mean the law will treat you any differently if you break it,” says David Allen Green, a lawyer from the UK. So, do you think we'd better spend a minute or two thinking about the words or emojis we use on social media before we press "send"?22. The12-year-old girl from Virginia put the words “ Killing. Meet me in the library Tuesday “, with three emojis________ .A. in her own diaryB. in a letter to her friendC. on a social media23. Ni Hanxiang was sent back to China ________ .A. because he broke the US lawB. because he wasn't honestC. after he klled his teachers24. From this passage,we infer (推断) that________.A. Wu Hongfei blew up a building in 2013B. the girl's mother didn't think her daughter did anything wrongC. putting threatening words on QQ may bring you problem25. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. According to the law of China, people are fee to express any opinions online.B. Many people didn't mean to threat others when they said something serious online.C. If people know little about the law, they may be treated with difference.26. This passage mainly wants to tell us that ________.A. we shouldn't break the US law if we study at a university in the USB. students and singers shouldn't post words or emojis on social mediaC. we should be careful when we send words or emojis on social media7China's national anthem, March of the V olunteers, is a song that we learn at the beginning of primary school and sing at every flag-raising ceremony. And now, there's even a law to protect it. Last September, the government passed the National Anthem Law, which became effective (生效) from Oct. 1, 2017. It states how we should sing orplay the song, requiring all of us to behave towards it politely.Primary and middle schools must teach the anthem to their students and make them understand the song's spirit and history. Moreover, the law requires us to be s erious when we are singing the song. We can’t joke about it or change the song's words or music. If someone breaks the law, he or she can be detained for up to 15 days, or face further punishment in more serious situations. The national anthem is different from other songs—it is the symbol of our country.Many foreign countries also have laws for their national anthems. For example, American school children should put their right hand over their heart while singing their country's anthem at school. In Russia, the national anthem must be played on television and radio before the start and end of broadcasting. And in the Philippines, people are required to sing the national anthem with feelings when it's played in public.27. How long has the National Anthem Law become effective till now?A. For more than one year.B. For just half a year.C. For less than 9 months.D. For about 10 months.28. Why must we be serious when singing the song?A. Because the school asks us to.B. Because it has a long history.C. Because we are good students.D. Because it's our country's symbol.29. What does the underlined word “detained” mean?A. Kept in a police station.B. Forced to work.C. Prevented from eating.D. Kept singing the song.30. Students are required to put their right hand over their heart in________.A. ChinaB. AmericaC. PhilippineD. Russia8What time does your school start? Do you wish you could get up later every morning? You are not alone if your answer is “Yes.” In the US, many middle school students have the same wish.In America, many schools start before 7:30 am. But that may change soon. A new law has been passed in California. According to the law, middle schools should not start before 8:00 a.m. The government hopes school children will have longer time in bed.Many scientific studies show that teenagers are more active in the afternoon and in the evening. Simply telling them to go to bed earlier doesn’t work well. Most of them don’t get enough sleep because of bad sleeping habits and early school starting time. They need more sleep in the morning. Scientistssuggest middle schools should start at 8:00 a.m. or later. Students can get well ready to learn and they won’t fall asleep in class. _________ The change can help improve students’ grades.While sc ientists are happy with the new law, many parents disagree with it. They won’t be able to send their children to school before they go to work. They also fear that later school starting time will lead to later ending time. As a result, their children will have less time to take part in after-school activities.It’s good news that Chinese education experts have noticed the problem and made some rules about that. So what’s your opinion? Do you expect China to pass a similar law?31. The schools shouldn’t star t ________ according to the new law in California.A. before 7:30 a.m.B. after 7:30 a.m.C. after 8:00 a.m.D. before 8:00 a.m.32. Why don’t most of the teenagers get enough sleep?A. Because their parents need them to do housework.B. Because their sleeping habits are bad and schools start early.C. Because they play computer games till late.D. Because they have too much homework.33. Which sentence do you think can be filled in the blank in Paragraph 3?A. They can put on weight.B. They will like their teachers.C. They will join more clubs.D. They will pay more attention to classes.34. What can we know from the passage?A. The government of New York has passed a new law.B. All the parents disagree with the law.C. Later school starting time may lead to fewer after-school activities.D. Teenagers are more active in the morning.35. From the passage, we can infer (推断) that ________.A. students should have enough sleeping time in the writer’s opinionB. students in California will have less sleeping timeC. Chinese experts aren’t worried about students’ sleeping timeD. China has already passed a similar law9Dog Laws Keep Us SafeTaking your dog for a walk can be fun to do. But it can also be a danger to others. People in Beijing andShanghai are already asked to keep their dogs on a leash(绳子). There will be a similar law across the country. It’s listed in the newly amended(修订的) Animal Quarantine Law(《动物防疫法》). The law will come into effect(生效) on May 1.The law mainly prevents rabies(狂犬病). The rabies is mainly carried by dogs. The law makes it clear that anyone who keeps dogs must regularly vaccinate(给…接种疫苗)them. Those who walk their dogs outdoors must keep their dogs on a leash to prevent them from hurting people or spreading disease. Or they will face a fine.In the past, the dog owners decided whether to vaccinate the dog. This meant that if someone was bitten by a dog, they would have to go to a hospital and get treated and vaccinated immediately. Actually, it’s more meaningful to vaccinate dogs than humans.Many other diseases can also spread between animals and humans. According to experts, 70 percent of animal diseases can be passed on to humans. And 75 percent of all new infectious(传染性的) human diseases come from animals, China Daily reported.36. Which of the following is a rule for walking dogs in Beijing?A. People can’t walk their dogs in public.B. People should keep their dogs on a leash.C. People can only walk their dogs at night.D. People don’t have to keep dogs on a leash.37. To stop the spread of rabies, the new law asks dog owners to________.①wash their dogs regularly ②keep their dogs on a leash③ get their dogs vaccinated regularly ④get themselves vaccinatedA. ①②B. ②③C. ②④D. ③④38. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “fine” ?A. 逮捕B. 奖励C. 罚款D. 好处39. If you have a dog, what should you know?A. I should vaccinate my dog regularly.B. It’s unnecessary to vaccinate my dog.C. My dog won’t spread diseases.D. My dog won’t need a leash, because it’s small and lovely.40. What do we know from the story?A. Raising dogs is becoming more popular in China.B. The rabies virus is only dangerous to dogs.C. About 70 percent of animal diseases come from humans.D. Most new infectious human diseases come from animals.二、完型填空It is reported that a law has been approved(通过) in Spain. Spanish children may soon require(要求) to help out 41 housework by law(法律).The law would be part of a wider child protection, and children under 42 age of 18 have to join in all areas of family life. That 43 housework and other work in the family. The rules come under a section of the law called “the rights(权利) and duties(义务) of children”Along with doing housework, children would also have to be respectful(尊敬) to their parents and teachers, and would do 44 in their studies than before. But the law doesn’t say 45 about punishment(惩罚) for children who don’t obey the law.Married Spanish men can also face punishments for 46 doing housework. The law requires men to share in household duties, and the 47 of children and elderly family members.Children 48 learn doing different kinds of housework at different ages, but it is almost impossible for Chinese children. They seem to avoid(躲避) such usual housework at similar ages, 49 their families have protected them too much since they were born. Children don’t realize that they are part of the families and have responsibilities(责任) on taking care of 50 and the family members.41. A. off B. with C. on D. at42. A. a B. an C. / D. the43. A. includes B. pays C. controls D. divides44. A. well B. better C. best D. good45. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything46. A. their refusing B. his refusing C. not refusing D. refused47. A. care B. careful C. carefully D. careless48. A. had to B. should C. mustn’t D. can’t49. A. so B. when C. as soon as D. because50. A. ourselves B. yourselves C. themselves D. himself三、短文汉语提示填空根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。
