A simple method for correcting for the presence

英文correct是什么中文意思英文correct是什么中文意思英文correct在日常口语中是很常用的，我们有必要知道它具体所指的中文意思。

下面就让店铺给大家分享单词correct所包含的中文意思吧，希望能对你有帮助!correct的中文意思英 [kəˈrekt] 美 [kəˈrɛkt]第三人称单数：corrects现在分词：correcting过去分词：corrected过去式：corrected形容词正确的; 合适的; 符合公认准则的; 得体的动词改正; 批改; 指出错误例句1. This medicine will correct the pain.这种药可止痛。

2. Mary hates to correct her children.玛丽讨厌惩罚孩子们。

3. You should correct the children when they are rude.孩子无礼时，你应该指责他们。

4. Please correct this mistake.请改正这个错误。

correct的词典解释1. 准确无误的;正确的If something is correct, it is in accordance with the facts and has no mistakes.e.g. The correct answers can be found at the bottom of page8...正确答案在第8页末尾。

e.g. The following information was correct at time of going to press...下列信息在付印时准确无误。

2. (说法或想法)对的`，正确的If someone is correct, what they have said or thought is true.e.g. You are absolutely correct. The leaves are from a bay tree...你说得很对，这是月桂树的叶子。

英文作文改正方法There are several methods to correct an English essay. First, it is important to read the essay carefully and identify any grammatical errors. This can include mistakes in verb tense, subject-verb agreement, or word order. It is also important to check for spelling errors and correct them accordingly. Additionally, it is helpful to look for any sentences or phrases that are unclear or confusing and revise them to improve clarity. Finally, it is beneficial to read the essay aloud to check for any awkward or unnatural sounding sentences and make revisions as necessary.Another method for correcting an English essay is to focus on the organization and structure of the essay. This involves checking for coherence and ensuring that the essay flows smoothly from one idea to the next. It is important to make sure that each paragraph has a clear topic sentence and that the supporting sentences provide relevant and cohesive information. Additionally, it is helpful to checkfor any repetition or redundancy and eliminate it to improve the overall structure of the essay.In addition to grammar and organization, it is important to pay attention to the style and tone of the essay. This involves using appropriate vocabulary and phrasing to convey the intended meaning. It is important to avoid using slang or informal language unless it is appropriate for the context. Additionally, it is helpful to vary sentence length and structure to add variety and interest to the essay. Finally, it is important to proofread the essay carefully to check for any errors or inconsistencies and make necessary revisions.Overall, correcting an English essay involves careful attention to grammar, organization, and style. By carefully reviewing the essay for errors and making necessary revisions, the essay can be improved and polished. It is important to approach the correction process with acritical eye and to be open to feedback and suggestions for improvement.。

《某某》当中数学纠错方法First of all, the proper method to address mathematical errors in the work "某某" depends on the nature of the mistake. If the error is a simple calculation mistake, the best way to rectify it is to double check the calculations to identify and correct the error. This may involve re-evaluating the steps taken to arrive at the incorrect calculation and identifying the misstep, which can be time-consuming but ultimately effective in rectifying the mistake. 首先，正确处理《某某》中的数学错误的方法取决于错误的性质。

如果错误是简单的计算错误，纠正的最佳方法是仔细检查计算，以找出并更正错误。

这可能涉及重新评估导致错误计算的步骤，并确定失误，这可能是耗时的过程，但最终可以有效纠正错误。

Alternatively, if the errors are more complex in nature, such as faulty assumptions or flawed logic in the mathematical proofs, the proper method to address them would involve a comprehensive review of the entire mathematical reasoning and argumentation in order to pinpoint and rectify the mistakes. This may require consulting with peers or mentors to gain insights on the best approach to correcting the errors, as well as doing extensive research to understand theunderlying concepts and principles involved in the mathematical problem. 此外，如果错误是更复杂的性质，比如数学证明中的假设错误或逻辑上的缺陷，正确的处理方法将需要对整个数学推理和论证进行全面审查，以便准确定位并纠正错误。

2024年教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力真题精选附答案单选题（共45题）1、When the teacher asks students to read a text for the main idea, he/she intends to develop students' skill of_______.A.retellingB.predictingC.skimmingD.scanning【答案】 C2、请阅读短文，完成此题。

A.boringB.very tiredC.busyD.angry【答案】 B3、He said he′ d phone you __________ he got home.A.the momentB.the moment whenC.at the momentD.at the moment when【答案】 A4、The ultimate goal of English education is to develop students′ ability to communicate in English. There-fore, English education should be __________.munication-focusedB.ability-orientedC.knowledge-centeredD.speaking-oriented【答案】 B5、--The situation was in a mess.A.should developB.would developC.must have developedD.could have developed【答案】 D6、请阅读Passage 2，完成第小题。

A.is now enjoying legal supportB.disagrees with the tradition of the countryC.was clearly stated by the country's foundersD.will exert great influence over court decisions【答案】 A7、When a teacher intends to present or explain a new language point, which of the following grouping methods is mostly recommended？A.Whole class workB.Group workC.Pair workD.Individual work【答案】 A8、The Cognitive Approach holds that students′ mistakesare__________ in the creative use of language.efulB.understandableC.unavoidableD.reasonable【答案】 C9、Passage 1A.The more a person cheats, the more creative he isB.Cheating is likely to encourage creativity to some extentC.A person who cheats is more creative than a person who doesn' tD.A person who is creative cheats more than a person who is less creative【答案】 B10、Morphemes that represent "tense", "number", "gender", "case" and so forth are called__________ morphemes．A.inflectionalB.freeC.boundD.derivational【答案】 A11、请阅读短文，完成此题。

2024年外研版英语小升初复习试卷与参考答案一、听力部分（本大题有12小题，每小题2分，共24分）1、听力原文：W: Good morning, everyone. Today we are going to have a math test. Please sit down and take out your pencils.M: Good morning, teacher. I have a question. Can I use a calculator during the test?W: No, you can’t. All the answers should be calculated manually.Question: What is the main topic of the conversation?A. A science testB. A math testC. A reading testD. An English testAnswer: B解析：对话中提到了数学考试，所以正确答案是B。

2、听力原文：M: Hi, Lily. Have you finished your homework yet?W: Not yet. I’m still working on my science project. I need to find some information about the solar system.M: That sounds interesting. Do you think you’ll finish it on time?W: I hope so. I don’t want to keep my teacher waiting.Question: What is Lily doing right now?A. Reading a bookB. Writing a storyC. Working on her science projectD. Playing video gamesAnswer: C解析：对话中提到了Lily正在做科学项目，所以正确答案是C。

英语作文提升的6个途径和技巧1Oh my goodness! Improving your English composition skills can be quite a challenging but rewarding journey. Here are six amazing ways and tips to boost your writing abilities! Firstly, expand your vocabulary. How important is that? Well, a rich vocabulary enables you to express your thoughts precisely and vividly. You can do this by reading widely and making vocabulary cards. Secondly, master the grammar rules. Without a solid understanding of grammar, your writing might be full of errors! So, study grammar books and do exercises regularly. Thirdly, read excellent model essays. This is truly wonderful! You can learn various writing styles and structures, and get inspiration from them. Fourthly, pay attention to the logic of your writing. A well-organized essay is so attractive! Make an outline before you start writing to ensure a clear flow of ideas. Fifthly, develop the habit of revising. Oh, you'll be amazed at how much improvement you can make by carefully checking and correcting your work. Finally, ask your teachers and classmates for advice. Their perspectives and suggestions can be incredibly helpful! Don't be shy to seek help when needed. So, dear friends, follow these six paths and see your English composition skills soar to new heights!2Oh my goodness! How exciting to share with you the six amazing ways and techniques to enhance your English composition skills! Firstly, diversify your sentence structures. Don't always stick to simple ones. Use complex and compound sentences to add depth and complexity to your writing. For instance, "Although it was raining heavily, we still went for a walk." Secondly, accumulate common phrases. They can make your expressions more natural and fluent. Like "in a nutshell" or "by and large". Thirdly, practice different types of writing, such as narrative, descriptive, and argumentative. This helps you master various writing styles. Fourthly, pay attention to writing norms. Neat and clear handwriting is essential. Also, correct spelling and punctuation matter a lot! Fifthly, participate in writing competitions. It's a great chance to learn from others and improve your own skills. Finally, make a study plan. Set specific goals and follow them strictly. For example, you can plan to write an essay every week. Isn't it wonderful to know these methods? So, let's put them into practice and see the remarkable improvement in our English writing!3Well, let me tell you the six amazing ways and tips to improve your English composition! Firstly, imitate the structure of excellent model essays. How wonderful it is! By doing this, you can learn the logical flowand organization of a good composition. Secondly, use connecting words skillfully. Isn't it a brilliant way? They make your writing coherent and smooth. Then, enrich the details of your content. How significant it is! It makes your composition vivid and interesting. Pay attention to the usage of punctuation marks too. Oh, you can't imagine how important this is! It helps convey your meaning accurately. Establish a writing materials database as well. Wow, it provides you with rich resources and inspirations. Last but not least, have your compositions reviewed by classmates. What a helpful method! You can get different perspectives and suggestions for improvement. So, follow these six ways and tips, and your English composition skills will surely improve greatly! Aren't you excited to try them out?4Oh my goodness! Have you ever wondered how to boost your English composition skills? Well, let me share with you six amazing ways and tips! First, watch English movies! You'll be exposed to various expressions and sentence structures. How wonderful is that? Secondly, recite classic paragraphs. It helps you internalize excellent writing patterns. Isn't it amazing? Writing a diary is also a great idea. You can express your thoughts freely and practice describing your day. What a fun way to improve! Joining an English writing club is another option. Sharing and learning with others can inspire you greatly. Don't you think so? Makegood use of online learning resources. There are countless useful materials waiting for you. How convenient! Last but not least, set up a reward mechanism for yourself. When you achieve your goals, give yourself a treat. How exciting! With these methods, your writing interest will be sparked and your writing ability will surely improve. So, what are you waiting for? Start now and see the wonderful changes!5Oh my goodness! When it comes to improving English composition skills, there are indeed six remarkable approaches and techniques that can lead us to a higher level of writing excellence. Firstly, studying rhetorical devices like metaphor, simile and personification can greatly enhance the expressiveness and vividness of our writing! How wonderful it is to make our words leap off the page and touch the hearts of readers? Secondly, engaging in timed writing practice helps us to build speed and discipline. Isn't it amazing how this can train our minds to think and write quickly under pressure? Thirdly, keeping an eye on current affairs and hot topics enriches our content and makes it relevant and engaging. Why not make our writing reflect the pulse of the times? Fourthly, attending English lectures exposes us to different perspectives and advanced knowledge. How could we miss such precious opportunities to expand our horizons? Fifthly, communicating with foreign teachers offers authentic language input and correction. Don't you think it's a direct way to improve ourlanguage accuracy and fluency? Last but not least, analyzing the framework of excellent compositions enables us to understand the logical structure and organization. How useful it is to learn from the best examples? By consistently applying these methods, we are sure to reach that coveted realm of outstanding English writing!。

失业保险离职方式更正申请流程1.你需要先下载失业保险离职方式更正申请表格。

You need to download the application form for correction of the unemployment insurance resignation method in the first place.2.填写并签署表格上的相关信息。

Fill out and sign the relevant information on the form.3.准备好与离职相关的文件，如离职证明、就业协议等。

Prepare the relevant documents related to resignation, such as the resignation certificate, employment agreement, etc.4.提供证据来支持你的离职方式更正申请。

Provide evidence to support your application for correction of the resignation method.5.将填写好的表格和相关文件一起提交到当地劳动和就业局。

Submit the completed form and relevant documents to the local labor and employment bureau.6.等待劳动和就业局的审核结果。

Wait for the review result from the labor and employment bureau.7.如有需要，根据劳动和就业局的要求进行补充材料提交。

If necessary, submit supplementary materials according to the requirements of the labor and employment bureau.8.如符合条件，劳动和就业局会进行更正并重新发放失业保险金。

山东省青岛市英语小学四年级上学期自测试题及解答一、听力部分（本大题有12小题，每小题2分，共24分）1、Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answer.( ) A. She likes playing football.( ) B. She likes playing basketball.Answer: AExplanation: In the dialogue, the speaker mentions that she enjoys playing football with her friends after school. The answer is A, as it correctly reflects what is said in the dialogue.2、Listen to the passage and answer the question.Question: What’s the weather like today?( ) A. It’s sunny.( ) B. It’s rainy.Answer: BExplanation: The passage describes that it’s raining outside and people are wearing raincoats and carrying umbrellas. This suggests that the weather is rainy, so the answer is B.3、Listen to the sentence and choose the word that doesn’t belong.Sentence: I have a book, a pen, and a banana.( ) A. book( ) B. pen( ) C. bananaAnswer: CExplanation: The sentence lists three items: a book, a pen, and a banana. Among these, the book and pen are both stationery items, while the banana is a fruit. Therefore, the word that doesn’t belong is banana, making the answer C.4、Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answer.Answer: BExplanation: In this question, the students are expected to listen to a dialogue and identify the correct information based on what they hear. The dialogue might be about two students discussing their favorite subjects in school. For example, the first student might say, “I like math best because it’s challenging and fun.” The second student might reply, “I love English. It helps me understand different cultures.” If the answer options include subjects like math, science, English, and history, and the second student’s statement is emphasized, the correct answer would b e B, indicating that English is the favorite subject mentioned in the dialogue.5、Listen to the recording and match the pictures with the activities described.Answer: Picture 3Explanation: This question requires the students to listen to a recording that describes a series of activities. For each activity, they must match it with the corresponding picture. For instance, the recording might say, “In the afternoon, I went to the park with my family. We had a picnic under a big tree and played badminton.” Am ong the given pictures, one might show a family having a picnic under a tree, which would be the correct match for the activity described. Hence, the students would select Picture 3 if it depicts this scene.6、Listen to the story and answer the question: W hat is the main character’s dream?Answer: To become a scientist.Explanation: In this question, students listen to a short story featuring a main character who has aspirations and dreams. The story would provide details about the character’s interests, mo tivations, and aspirations. After listening, students are asked to recall and summarize the character’s dream. For instance, the story might mention that the main character loves experimenting, reading science books, and always talks about inventions. At t he end, it reveals that the character’s dream is to become a scientist. Thus, the answer would be “To become a scientist.”7、Question: Listen to the recording and choose the correct answer.The weather in Beijing is________today.A. sunnyB. rainyC. snowyAnswer: AExplanation: The recording states that “It’s a beautiful sunny day in Beijing today.” So the correct answer is A, “sunny.”8、Question: Listen to the conversation between two students and answer the question.Where does Lucy want to go for her holiday?A. The beachB. The mountainsC. The cityAnswer: BExplanation: In the conversation, Lucy says, “I’m thinking of going to the mountains for my holiday. The air is so fresh there.” This indicates her desire to go to the mountains, so the answer is B.9、Question: Listen to the short passage and answer the question.How many days a week does the library open?A. Five daysB. Six daysC. Seven daysAnswer: AExplanation: The passage states, “The library is open from Monday to Friday, from 9 am to 5 pm.” This means the library is open for five days a week, so the answer is A.10、 Listen to the recording and choose the correct answer. •Question: What does the girl want to do on Saturday?• A. Go to the park.• B. Visit the museum.• C. Watch a movie.Answer: AExplanation: The recording says, “I’m going to the park with my family on Saturday. We’re going to have a picnic and play games.” The key phrase “going to the park” matches with option A.11、 Listen carefully and match the words with their definitions. •Word: expensive• A. Large in size.• B. High in price.• C. Difficult to understand.Answer: BExplanation: The word “expensive” means costing a lot of money, which corresponds to option B, “High in price.”12、 Listen to the dialogue and answer the question.•Dialogue: “John, can you help me with my math homework tonight? I’m really struggling with these problems.”“Sure, Sarah. I’ll come over after dinner.”•Question: Who is going to help Sarah with her math homework?• A. Mary.• B. John.• C. Tom.Answer: BExplanation: The dialogue clearly states that John offers to help Sarah with her math homework, so the answer is B, “John.”二、选择题（本大题有12小题，每小题2分，共24分）1.Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: “I like to_____soccer afterschool.”A. playB. playsC. playingD. playedAnswer: AExplanation: The sentence requires a verb in its base form to complete the phrase “like to do something”. The verb “play” is used correctly in this context as it matches the structure “like to play”. Option B “plays”is the third-person singular present tense, which is incorrect. Option C “playing” is the gerund form, which would be used in a phrase like “like playing”, but the sentence specifically asks for “to do something”. Option D “played” is the past tense, which is also incorrect.2.Which of the following is a verb in the present continuous tense?A. She eats an apple.B. He is eating an apple.C. They ate an apple.D. We will eat an apple.Answer: BExplanation: The present continuous tense is used to describe an action that is happening now or an action that is temporary or unfinished. The structure is “be + verb-ing”. Option B “He is eating an apple” fits this structure, indicating that the action of eating is happening at the moment. Option A “She eats an apple” is in the simple present tense. Option C “They ate an apple” is in the past tense. Option D “We will eat an apple” is in the future tense.3.Select the correct preposition to fill in the blank: “She lives_____a small town nearthe mountains.”A. inB. onC. underD. atAnswer: AExplanation: The preposition “in” is used to indicate location within a larger area, such as a town, city, or country. In this sentence, “She lives_____a small town near the mountains”, the preposition “in” is appropriate to describe her livi ng within the small town. Option B “on” is typically used for surfaces, such as “on the table”. Option C “under” indicates being below something, which doesn’t make sense in this context. Option D “at” is often used for specific locations, like addresses o r points, but not for larger areas like towns.4、Choose the word that doesn’t belong to the same category as the others.A. appleB. bananaC. carrotD. orangeAnswer: CExplanation: “Apple,” “banana,” and “orange” are all fruits, while “carrot” is a vegetable. Therefore, “carrot” does not belong to the same category as the other options.5、Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?A. I am like playing basketball.B. I like to play basketball.C. I likes playing basketball.D. I like playing the basketball.Answer: BExplanation: The grammatically correct sentence is “I like to play basketball.” “Like” is a verb that takes an infinitive (to + verb) as its object, making B the correct choice. A is incorrect because “like” shou ld not be followed by “am” and the gerund (“-ing” form) of the verb without “to.” C is incorrect because the subject “I” is singular, so the verb should be “like” not “likes.” D is incorrect because “basketball” is a sport, not an instrument, so “the” is n ot necessary.6、What does the underlined word “it” refer to in the following sentence? The cat caught a mouse, and it was very proud of itself.A. The mouseB. The catC. The action of catchingD. The owner of the catAnswer: BExplanation: In the sentence, “The cat caught a mouse, and it was very proud of itself,” the pronoun “it” refers to the subject of the first clause, “The cat.” The context suggests that the cat, having caught a mouse, felt proud of its accomplishment. Thus, “it” refers to “The cat.”7、Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: “I like toeat_______for breakfast.”A. appleB. applesC. an appleAnswer: CExplanation: The sentence requires a noun phrase that can function as the direct object of the verb “eat”. “Apple” is a singul ar noun, which doesn’t fit well in this context as it suggests eating only a part of an apple. “Apples” is plural, but when used with “eat”, it implies eating multiple apples, which might not be the intended meaning. “An apple” is a singular noun phrase with an article, which correctly indicates eating one whole apple.8、Which of the following is a correct sentence?A. She go to school by bus.B. She goes to school by bus.C. She going to school by bus.Answer: BExplanation: The correct verb form for the third-person singular subject “she” in the present simple tense is “goes”. “Go” is the base form of the verb, which is not appropriate here. “Going” is the present participle form, which is used for continuous actions but requires a helping verb like “is” to form a correct sentence. Therefore, “She goes to school by bus” is the grammatically correct sentence.9、Select the word that does NOT belong in the group:A. bookB. pencilC. rulerD. catAnswer: DExplanatio n: The words “book”, “pencil”, and “ruler” are all stationery items commonly used in school or for writing. “Cat” is an animal and does not belong to the same category as the other three options, which are all objects used for learning or writing.10、Choose the correct word to complete the sentence:_______is my favorite color.A. RedB. RunC. ReadingAnswer: AExplanation: The sentence is asking for a color, so we need to choose a word that represents a color. Among the options, only “Red” is a color. “Run” is a verb, meaning to move quickly, and “Reading” is a noun, meaning the act of looking at written material.11、Select the correct preposition to fill in the blank: I often go to school_______bus.A. byB. inC. onAnswer: AExplanation: When talking about transportation, “by” is used to indicate the mode of travel. “By bus” means taking a bus as a means of transportation. “In” can be used with vehicles to indicate being inside the vehicle, but it’s not used with the verb “go”in this context. “On” is not used with “bus” in this sense.12、Which of the following is a sentence fragment?A. The dog chased the cat.B. Running in the park is fun.C. Because it was raining.Answer: CExplanation: A sentence fragment is a group of words that does not form a complete sentence. It usually lacks a subject or a verb, or both. In option C, “Because it was raining” lacks a main clause and cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. It needs to be connected to a main clause to make sense, for example, “We stayed inside because it was raining.” Options A and B are complete sentences with subjects and verbs.三、完型填空（10分）Title: Grade 4 English, First Semester, Qingdao City, Shandong ProvincePart III: Cloze TestRead the passage and fill in the missing words with the correct options given below.Passage:I am Lily. Last weekend, I had a wonderful (1) _____. On Saturday morning,I woke up early and went to the park with my family. The sky was blue, andthe sun was shining brightly. We had a picnic under a big tree. My mother prepared delicious sandwiches, fruits, and some (2) _____. We all enjoyed the food very much.After lunch, my father suggested we go for a (3) _____. We walked along the riverbank and saw many birds flying freely. It was so peaceful and relaxing.Then, we played football in the open field. I scored a goal, which made everyone (4) _____.In the evening, we watched a movie together at home. It was a funny movie, and we couldn’t stop (5) _____. What a perfect day it was!Options:A. tripB. laughC. drinkD. joyE. walkAnswers:1.A2.C3.E4.B5.BExplanation:1.A. trip: The context talks about Lily having a wonderful experience lastweekend, suggesting it was a trip or outing. “Trip” fits the context best.2.C. drink: Mentioning “prepared delicious sandwiches, fruits, and some…”implies that along with food, there was also something to drink. “Drink”is the appropriate choice.3.E. walk: After lunch, the passage says my father suggested going for awalk, making “walk” the correct an swer.4.B. laugh: Scoring a goal in football usually brings joy and laughter. Thecontext suggests that everyone was happy, so “laugh” fits best.5.B. laugh: The movie was funny, so it made them laugh continuously.“Couldn’t stop laughing” indicates enjoyment and amusement.四、阅读理解（26分）Title: A Day at the ZooLast weekend, my family and I visited the zoo. It was a sunny day, perfect for an outing. As soon as we entered the zoo, we were greeted by the chirping of birds and the smell of fresh grass. We decided to start our journey with the animals that are closest to us – the monkeys.The monkey enclosure was full of energy. The little ones were swinging from vines, while the adults sat calmly grooming each other. I took a lot of pictures and even fed them some bananas. They were so eager to grab them that it made me laugh.After the monkeys, we walked towards the big cats area. Lions and tigers were lazily lying in the sun, but every now and then, they would open their big eyes and give us a stare that seemed to s ay, “Who are you?” It wasa little scary, but also fascinating.Next, we visited the elephant exhibit. The elephants were massive, with their long noses and wrinkled skin. They were being fed by the keepers, and one of them even sprayed water on us with its trunk. It was a cool and unexpected surprise.Our last stop was the aquarium. The colors of the fish were so vibrant that it felt like we were underwater. Sharks swam gracefully, and sea turtles lazily paddled around. It was a peaceful end to our day at the zoo.Reading Comprehension Questions:1.What was the weather like on the day the writer visited the zoo?•A) Rainy•B) Cloudy•C) Sunny•D) WindyAnswer: C) SunnyExplanation: The passage states, “It was a sunny day, perfect for an outing.” This directly tells us that the weather was sunny.2.What did the writer do after seeing the monkeys?•A) Fed the birds•B) Watched the sea lions perform•C) Visited the big cats area•D) Rode on an elephantAnswer: C) Visited the big cats areaExplanation: The passage says, “After the monkeys, we walked towards the big cats area.” This clearly indicates that the writer visited the big cats area after seeing the monkeys.3.What did one of the elephants do that surprised the writer?•A) It sang a song•B) It gave the writer a hug•C) It sprayed water on the writer•D) It dancedAnswer: C) It sprayed water on the writerExplanation: The passage states, “One of them even sprayed water on us with its trunk.It was a cool and unexpected surprise.” This tells us that one of the elephants surprised the writer by spraying water on them.五、写作题（16分）Title:Write a short story about a magical day at the beach. Imagine you found a magical shell that granted you one wish. What would you wish for, and how would your day unfold because of it?Answer Example:Once upon a sunny day in Qingdao, I went to the beach with my family. The sand was warm and soft beneath my feet, and the waves lapped gently against the shore. As I wandered along the water’s edge, searching for pretty shells,I stumbled upon one that glinted with an unusual sheen.Curiosity got the better of me, and I picked it up. To my amazement, the shell began to glow brightly, and a soft voice whispered in my ear, “Grant you one wish, my young friend.”Without hesitation, I whispered my wish: “I want everyone on this beach to be happy and to have a day they’ll never forget.”Suddenly, the air filled with laughter and joy. A rainbow arched across the sky, casting vibrant colors onto the water and sand. Families and friends hugged tighter, and strangers smiled at each other, striking upconversations. A group of children began to build an enormous sandcastle together, laughing and cheering as they worked.I looked around and saw people of all ages enjoying the magic of the moment. Some danced to the rhythm of the waves, while others sat in circles, sharing stories and laughter. The beach was transformed into a magical wonderland where everyone felt connected and content.As the sun began to set, painting the sky with hues of orange and pink, I knew my wish had come true. I closed my eyes and thanked the magical shell for granting me this unforgettable day. As I placed it back where I found it, the shell lost its glow, but the memories of the magical day would stay with me forever.Analysis:This writing task encourages creative storytelling and imagination. The student is required to develop a plot centered around a magical shell that grants a wish, exploring the consequences of that wish on a day at the beach. The example answer showcases a wish that promotes happiness and unity among beachgoers, leading to a heartwarming narrative.The story is structured with a clear beginning (finding the magical shell), middle (granting the wish and observing its effects), and end (reflecting on the experience). It also incorporates descriptive language to evoke emotions and imagery, making the story vivid and engaging.Moreover, the wish reflects a positive and altruistic mindset, teachingstudents the value of considering others’ happiness and promoting social cohesion. This not only enhances the creative writing skills of the student but also fosters empathy and compassion.。

2024年教师资格（初级中学）-英语知识与教学能力（高中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) —Do you mind if I______the TV a bit?—Yes, I do, because Fm busy with my homework now.A. turn onB. turn upC. turndownD. turnoff2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) A Chinese student makes a sentence as follows： He is a rich man who like traveling. The error in that sentence is the result of______.A. negative transferB. positive transferC. overgeneralizationD. pragmatic failure3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The party’s reduced vote was______of lack of support for its policies.A. indicativeB. positiveC. revealingD. evident4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following assumptions about vocabulary learning contradicts the modem language teaching theories?A. The best way to learn words is to use them.B. The best way to learn vocabulary is via rote learning.C. An English dictionary is an important aid to students.D. Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself.5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I will always remember my mother^ last few days in this worlD.On February 14th,2000, my class went on a field trip to the beach. I had so much fun. When we returned to school, my teacher told me to go t o the headmaster’s office. When I got into the office，I saw a police officer. Suddenly I realized something was wrong. The police officer told me what had happened and we went to pick my sister up. After that, we went to the hospital and waiteD. Time went slowly.Finally, we got to see our mother, it was terrible.On the next day, the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happeneD. I was taking a rest that day. I knew it had something to do with my mother. I kept thinking that she either died or had got better. How I wished that she had got better. When my teacher took me outside, my sister ran up to me. She started crying, “She’s gone. Teresa mommy’s gone. She’s deaD. ”1 couldn’t believe it. We jumped into the car and drove straight to the hospi tal. Most of my family were there. The silence was terrible. I knew I had to say goodbye.Today when I look back, I still miss my mother very much, but I know that I will live. My mother was a strong mother，who had the biggest heart. My mother was an angel walking on the earth. I will always remember her as she is living. When someone is asked who their heroes are ,they usually say someone famous, like Michael Jordan or Britney Spears. When someone asks me who my hero is, I tell them, my mother. My mother lives every day. That is what makes her a true hero.What did the headmaster tell the two teachers on the next day?______.A. Her mother had been very ill.B. Her mother had been deaD.C. Her mother had gotten better.D. Her sister came to see her.6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The men who race the cars are generally small, with a tight, nervous look. They range from the early 20s to the middle 40s, and it is usually their nerves that go first.Fear is the driver’s constant companion, and tragedy can be just a step behinD. Scarcely a man in the 500 does not carry the scars of accident crashes. The mark of the plastic surgeon is everywhere, and burned skin is common. Sometimes a driver^ scars are invisible, part of his heritage. Two young drivers, Billy Vukovich and Gary Bettenhausen, raced in their first 500 in 1968. Less than 20 years before, their fathers also competed against one another on the Indy track-and died there.All this the drivers accept. Over the years, they have learned to trust their own techniques, reflexes, and courage. They depend, too, on a trusted servant-scientific engineering. Though they may not have had a great deal of schooling (an exception is New Zealand’s Bruce McLaren, who had an engineering degree), many drivers are gifted mechanics， with a feeling for their engines that amount to kinship.A few top drivers have become extremely wealthy, with six-figure incomes from prize money, endorsement, and jobs with auto-product manufacturers. Some have businesses of their own. McLaren designs racing chassis (底盘).Dan GumeyJs California factory manufactured the chassis of three of the first four cars in the 1968 Indy 500, including his own second place car. Yet money is not the only reason why men race cars. Perhaps it isn’t even the major reason. Three times Indy winner(1961, 1964, 1967).A. J. Foyt, for example, can frequently be found competing on dirty tracks in minor-league races, where money, crowds and safety features are limiteD. and only the danger is not. Why does he do it? Sometimes Foyt answers, “It’s in my blooD. ’’Other times he says, “It is good practice.” Now and then he replies, “Don’t ask dumb questions. ’’A. J. Foyt often takes part in minor-league races fo r______ .A. prize moneyB. blood testC. cheers from the crowdD. enjoyment7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)A teacher may encourage students to__________ when they come acrossnew words infast reading.A. take notesB. ask for helpC. guess meaning from contextD. look up the words in a dictionary8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) You II find this Travel Guide to be of great ( ) in helping you and your children to get around Malaysia.A. costB. priceC. valueD. expenditure9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher attempts to implement the top-down model to teachA. new word sifter playing the tapeB. new words before playing the tapeC. background information after playing the tapeD. background information before playing the tape10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means______with my progress.A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What stage can the following grammar activity be usedat?______.The teacher asks the students to arrange the words of the sentences into different columns marked subject, predicate, object, object complement, adverbial and so on.A. PresentationB. PracticeC. ProductionD. Preparation12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Operations which left patients______and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.A. unhealthyB. exhaustedC. fearfulD. upset13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”Mr. Baker went to the flea market to______.A. buy a second-hand carB. have a trial driveC. choose a new carD. sell his old car14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)What is the author′ s attitude towards America′ s policies on global warming?A. Critical.B. Indifferent.C. Supportive.D. Compromising.15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities helps to train the skill of listening for gist?A. After listening, the students are required to figure out the relationship between the characters.B. After listening, the students are required to sequence the sentences according to the story.C. After listening, the students are required to identify the characters appearing in the story.D. After listening, the students are required to decide upon the title for the text.16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Did you return Tom?s call?—I didn’t need to______, Fll see him tomorrow.A. thoughtB. unlessC. whenD. because17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) This skirt was made______your mother______her own measure.A. for; toC. to; toD. for; by18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)She is __________ , from her recording, the diaries of Simon Forman.A. transcribingB. keepingC. paraphrasingD. recollecting19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There is no doubt______you will pass the exam this time. You have worked so hard in the past months.A. whetherB. thatC. ifD. what20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项（请选择唯一正确的答案）Passage OneThere are many wetlands in China and some of them have become the world’s important wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. They are home for many different kinds of birds and animals. The worlds largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve is in them. More than 700 milu deer live freely there. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world, but every winter you can see some in the Red-crowned Cranes Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands.The temperature in the wetlands is usually neither too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine, too. They are really good places for wildlife. Offering food and home for some special kinds of animals and birds is not the only reason why we need to protect wet-lands. Wetlands are important because they can also prevent floods. But some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. This means there will be less and less space for wildlife.Luckily, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance Of wetlands and wildlife. Every year, on February 2, many activities are held to tell people more about wet-lands.The World Wetlands Day is on. ______ .B. June 25C. February 2D. March 2221.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The committee __________ a conclusion only after days of discussion.A. releasedB. achievedC. reachedD. accomplished22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcas tle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the real ities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.These groups, which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society, can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”The underlined phrase “low mortality” in Paragraph 8 could best be replaced by “→←".A. short life spanB. low death rateC. low illness rateD. good health condition23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) For grammar teaching, if the rule is given first and explained and the student then has to apply the rule to given situation, the method is definedas______methoD.A. deductiveB. inductiveC. Grammar-translationD. audio-translation24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The most suitable question type to check students′ comprehension and developtheir critical thinking is __________.A. rhetorical questionsB. referential questionsC. close questionsD. display questions25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is NOT the advantage of group work?A. creating some peaceful and quiet time in classB. encouraging cooperation and negotiation skills among studentsC. encouraging different opinions and contributions to the workD. promoting students5 autonomy rather than follow the teachers26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)--Would you like some noodles, Celia?--Yes, just___________, please.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Modem scientists divide the process of dying into two stages-clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be reviveD. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disintegration of vital cells and tissues. Death is then irreversible and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can be revived before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep. By slowing down the body^ metabolism, cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called KetA. The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from its body. The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped; clinical death set in.this point the scientists pumped blood into its body in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes the monkey’s heart became active once more. Aft er fifteen minutes, spontaneous breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her heaD. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection. Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.One characteristic of clinical death is______.A. lasting damage to the lungsB. destruction of the tissuesC. temporary non-functioning of the heartD. that the organism cannot be revived28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities actually does not involve writing?→ ←.A. Completion according to outlines.B. Completion with multiple choices.C. Completion according to topic sentences.D. Completion with detailed examples related to the topiC.29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) English teachers often ask students to ______ a passage to get the gist of it.A. skimB. scanC. predictD. describe30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Must I finish the work today, Mom?__No, you_____. You can finish it tomorrow.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) ______ she heard her grandfather was bom in Germany.A. That was from her mumB. It was her mum thatC. It was from her mum thatD. It was her mum whom32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When we analyze the salt salinity (盐浓度)of ocean waters, we find that it varies only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation. In thisextreme, of course, white salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtaineD.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreaseD. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation.Normally, in hot regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behinD. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeareD. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.In the Weddell Sea, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portion of the oceans of the worlD.It can be known from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean water is caused by______.A. melting of sea iceB. precipitationC. evaporationD. supplement of salt33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”What is a flea market?______.A. A market where fleas are solD.B. A market where cars are solD.C. A market where used and cheap goods are soldD. A supermarket.34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) To their credit the Department of Energy______these ideas and funded a detailed study.A. took toB. took onC. took overD. took up35.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The phoneme/n/in the first word of all the following phrases changes to/m/except______.A. moon shineB. moon beamC. common propertyD. common wealth36.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows__________.A. generally distorted valuesB. unfair wealth distributionC. a marginalized lifestyleD. a rigid moral code37.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following can be regarded as a communicative language task? ______ .A. Information-gap activityC. Sentence transformationD. Blank-filling38.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the stead y rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the realities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the group s which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”Which statement below is TRUE concerning life expectancy according to thepassage?→←.A. Life expectancy goes on rising forever.B. There could be further increases in life expectancy.C. Life expectancy has slowed down since 1980s and it will stop.D. Life expectancy in Japan doubles what it was 200 years ago.39.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The message came to the villagers __________ the enemy had already fledthe village.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. where40.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Which of the letter "u"in the following words has a different pronunciation from others?A. abuseB. useC. excuseD. lure41.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Based on the experiment, which of the following may signal that the subjectis nearing the solution?A. The subject is begging to work.B. The subject looks away at something else.C. The subject is distracted from the given words.D. The subject concentrates on the given words all the time.42.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) New curriculum promotes the three-dimensional teaching objective which includes_______.A. knowledge, skills and method sB. emotional attitude and valuesC. knowledge, skills and emotionD. knowledge and skills； process and methods； emotional attitude and values43.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following nominating patterns can a teacher adopt to ensure that all students are actively involved in classroom activities?→ ←.A. Nominating those who are good at English.B. Asking questions in a predicable sequence.C. Nominating students after the question is given.D. Nominating students before giving the question.44.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Electronic books could revolutionize reading, but people ought to consider their far-reaching. “The e-book promises to wreak a slow havoc on life as we know it,” Jason Ohler, professor of technology assessment, University of Alaska Southeast in Juneau, warned the World Future Society, Bethesda, MD. His assessment weighed the pros and cons of e-book technology’s impact on social rela tionships, the environment, the economy，etC. Before you curl up with an e-book, consider the disadvantages.They increase eyestrain due to poor screen resolution, replace a relatively cheap commodity with a more expensive one, and displace workers in print book production and traditional publishing. E-books make it easy to share data, thereby threatening copyright agreements and reducing compensation of authors, as well as creating no biodegradable trash. On the other hand, e-books save paper and trees, reduce the burden of the carrying and storing of printed books, promote self- sufficiency in learning, and make reading a collaborative experience online. They also create new jobs for writers and artists and encourageself-publishing. In final analysis, Ohler points out, e-books should gain society’s approval if a few conditions are met: make them biodegradable and recyclable，solve the problem of eye fatigue，be sure the “have-nots” get the technology，and support e-book training in schools and business.What is e-books negative impact on social relationships?______.A. They create new jobs only for writers.B. Fewer and fewer people have access to new technology.C. They may threaten some traditional trades.。

ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＳｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ２０２２ꎬ４４(２):５０３￣５０８ＤＯＩ:１０ １６５７９/ｊ.ｉｓｓｎ.１００１ ９６６９ ２０２２ ０２ ０３５∗２０２０１０１５收到初稿ꎬ２０２１０２０３收到修改稿ꎮ江苏省高等学校自然科学研究项目(１９ＫＪＢ４４０００２)ꎬ江苏省 ３３３人才工程 项目(ＢＲＡ２０２２４２)资助ꎮ∗∗唐友亮ꎬ男ꎬ１９７７年生ꎬ山东临沂人ꎬ汉族ꎬ宿迁学院机电工程学院副教授ꎬ硕士ꎬ研究方向为数字化设计与制造技术㊁机电液一体化㊁控制技术ꎮ基于模态分析的定子各向异性材料参数矫正方法∗ＰＡＲＡＭＥＴＥＲＥＱＵＩＶＡＬＥＮＴＭＥＴＨＯＤＯＦＳＴＡＴＯＲＡＮＩＳＯＴＲＯＰＩＣＭＡＴＥＲＩＡＬＢＡＳＥＤＯＮＭＯＤＡＬＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳ唐友亮∗∗㊀吕品德㊀㊀张㊀锦㊀㊀李守军(宿迁学院机电工程学院ꎬ宿迁２２３８００)ＴＡＮＧＹｏｕＬｉａｎｇ㊀ＬＶＰｉｎＤｅ㊀ＺＨＡＮＧＪｉｎ㊀ＬＩＳｈｏｕＪｕｎ(ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌａｎｄＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇꎬＳｕｑｉａｎＣｏｌｌｅｇｅꎬＳｕｑｉａｎ２２３８００ꎬＣｈｉｎａ)摘要㊀准确计算电机定子的模态振型和固有频率是降低电机噪声和振动的基础ꎬ目前ꎬ学者对于定子铁芯和绕组材料属性参数设置存在争议ꎮ对一台２ ２ｋＷ永磁无刷直流电机定子系统进行模态仿真分析和试验测试ꎮ首先ꎬ赋予定子铁芯和绕组各项异性材料ꎬ通过有限元软件分析电机模态频率与各项异性材料参数之间的关系ꎬ根据模态频率变化规律ꎬ提出一种基于模态频率的各项异性材料参数矫正方法ꎬ该方法可完成定子的有限元模型参数矫正ꎮ其次ꎬ采用锤击法进行模态试验ꎬ验证有限元模型的准确性ꎬ确定该等效材料参数矫正方法的有效性ꎬ并且通过此方法可以快速确定定子各项异性材料参数ꎬ本次试验与仿真的误差均在３％以内ꎬ达到试验与仿真对标的目的ꎮ关键词㊀各向异性材料参数矫正方法㊀模态分析㊀模态试验㊀有限元分析中图分类号㊀ＴＭ３４１Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ㊀Ａｃｃｕｒａｔｅｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｄｅｓｈａｐｅａｎｄｎａｔｕｒａｌｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｔｏｒｓｔａｔｏｒｉｓｔｈｅｂａｓｉｓｆｏｒｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇｍｏｔｏｒｎｏｉｓｅａｎｄｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎ.Ａｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔꎬｓｃｈｏｌａｒｓｈａｖｅｄｉｓｐｕｔｅｓａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｓｅｔｔｉｎｇｏｆｓｔａｔｏｒｃｏｒｅａｎｄｗｉｎｄｉｎｇｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓ.Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒꎬｔｈｅｍｏｄａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎａｌｙｓｉｓａｎｄｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｔｅｓｔｏｆａ２ ２ｋＷｐｅｒｍａｎｅｎｔｍａｇｎｅｔｂｒｕｓｈｌｅｓｓＤＣｍｏｔｏｒｓｔａｔｏｒｓｙｓｔｅｍａｒｅｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔ.ＦｉｒｓｔꎬｔｏｇｉｖｅｔｈｅｓｔａｔｏｒｃｏｒｅａｎｄｔｈｅｗｉｎｄｉｎｇｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓꎬＴｈｅｆｉｎｉｔｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆｔｗａｒｅｉｓｕｓｅｄｔｏａｎａｌｙｚｅｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｍｏｔｏｒｍｏｄａｌｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙａｎｄｔｈｅｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｏｆｔｈｅａｎｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｉｃｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ.Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｍｏｄａｌｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｌａｗꎬａｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｏｆｔｈｅａｎｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｉｃｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｍｏｄａｌｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｉｓｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄ.Ｔｈｅｍｅｔｈｏｄｃａｎｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｔｈｅｆｉｎｉｔｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｍｏｄｅｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｓｔａｔｏｒ.Ｓｅｃｏｎｄｌｙꎬｔｈｅｍｏｄａｌｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｉｓｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔｂｙｈａｍｍｅｒｉｎｇｍｅｔｈｏｄｔｏｖｅｒｉｆｙｔｈｅａｃｃｕｒａｃｙｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｎｉｔｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｍｏｄｅｌａｎｄｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｎｅｓｓｏｆｔｈｅｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｅｑｕｉｖａｌｅｎｔｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓ.Ａｎｄｂｙｔｈｉｓｍｅｔｈｏｄꎬｔｈｅｓｔａｔｏｒｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｔａｔｏｒｃａｎｂｅｑｕｉｃｋｌｙｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｄ.Ｔｈｅｅｒｒｏｒｏｆｔｈｉｓｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｎｄｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｓｗｉｔｈｉｎ３％ꎬａｃｈｉｅｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｎｄｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋｉｎｇ.Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ㊀ＡｎｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｉｃｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄꎻＭｏｄａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓꎻＭｏｄａｌｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔꎻＦｉｎｉｔｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔａｎａｌｙｓｉｓＣｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇａｕｔｈｏｒ:ＴＡＮＧＹｏｕＬｉａｎｇꎬＥ￣ｍａｉｌ:ｍｏｔｏｒ＿ｎｖｈ＠１６３.ｃｏｍꎬＦａｘ:＋８６￣５２７￣８４２０２３０３ＴｈｅｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＮａｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＰｒｏｊｅｃｔｏｆＨｉｇｈｅｒＥｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎｓｉｎＪｉａｎｇｓｕＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ(Ｎｏ.１９ＫＪＢ４４０００２)ꎬａｎｄｔｈｅＪｉａｎｇｓｕＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ ３３３ＴａｌｅｎｔＰｒｏｊｅｃｔ (Ｎｏ.ＢＲＡ２０２２４２).Ｍａｎｕｓｃｒｉｐｔｒｅｃｅｉｖｅｄ２０２０１０１５ꎬｉｎｒｅｖｉｓｅｄｆｏｒｍ２０２１０２０３.㊀㊀引言近年来ꎬ随着高性能材料的不断的发展ꎬ铝镍钴永磁㊁铁氧体永磁和稀土永磁等磁性材料的性能不断提升ꎬ永磁电机越发的运用于电动汽车ꎮ永磁电机与电励磁电机相比ꎬ具有高转矩电流比㊁高转矩体积比㊁高效率㊁体积小和结构简单等优点ꎬ它不仅可以替代部分传统励磁电动机ꎬ而且还实现了电励磁电机难以达到的高性能[１]ꎬ因而在众多行业受到青睐ꎮ同其它类型的电机一样ꎬ永磁电机在运行过程中也会产生振动和噪声ꎮ从电机本体角度出发ꎬ要考虑电机的固有频率来避免共振[２]ꎬ高速永磁电机还要考虑机械强度等问题[３￣４]ꎮ在一些对振动或噪声要求较高的行业或场合ꎬ如航空㊁船舰㊁汽车等ꎬ运行时所产生的振动噪声仍为突出问题ꎮ目前ꎬ电磁噪声有限元仿真主要采用磁场￣结构￣声学多物理耦合方法ꎬ计算过程中主要分为磁场电磁㊀５０４㊀机㊀㊀械㊀㊀强㊀㊀度２０２２年㊀力计算和结构模态计算ꎬ进而将电磁力映射在结构上得到电磁噪声计算结果ꎬ因此ꎬ模态分析的准确是计算电机噪声的前提ꎮ文献[５￣１２][１３]１４８￣１５２[１４]１００￣１０４[１５][１６]６４５９２￣６４６０２采用各向同性材料ꎬ研究定子铁芯的模态特性ꎬ探究了绕组对定子模态的影响ꎬ将仿真结果与试验结果进行对比ꎬ在一定程度上满足了工程要求ꎮ文献[１３]１４８￣１５２赋予定子正交各向异性材料ꎬ计算电机各个部分模态频率ꎬ对其他类型的电机定子材料参数等效具有参考意义ꎮ文献[１４]１００￣１０４提出多种定子结构等效模型ꎬ对后续有限元仿真提供参考ꎬ但是上文对定子和铁芯的等效处理不够准确和完善ꎬ其仿真结果与试验存在一定误差ꎬ这给后期电机振动噪声的计算带来误差ꎮ文献[１６]６４５９２￣６４６０２采用Ｊｍａｇ软件对定子的材料属性进行详细的分析ꎬ但未写到模态频率与材料参数的具体变化规律ꎮ定子作为电机振动噪声分析的关键部件ꎬ其有限模型的准确性至关重要ꎬ本文基于Ｎａｓｔｒａｎ模态计算软件ꎬ研究材料参数对模态频率的影响ꎬ根据模态频率随材料参数的变化趋势ꎬ提出一种定子各向异性材料参数模态频率矫正方法ꎮ１㊀铁芯材料属性等效方法定子铁芯由轴向硅钢片叠压形成ꎬ在进行有限元建模时无法用实际结构来模拟ꎬ因此需要通过各向异性材料来等效定子的特殊结构ꎮ本文模态频率计算借助美国Ａｌｔａｉｒ公司的旗下的有限元前处理软件ＨｙｐｅｒＭｅｓｈ进行分析ꎬ如表１为ＨｙｐｅｒＭｅｓｈ软件中各向异性材料的输入参数ꎮ表１㊀定义各向异性材料属性Ｔａｂ.１㊀Ｄｅｆｉｎｅｓａｎｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｉｃｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ符号Ｓｙｍｂｏｌ定义Ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎρ材料密度ＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｄｅｎｓｉｔｙＧｉｊ剪切模量㊁弹性模量ＳｈｅａｒｍｏｄｕｌｕｓꎬＹｏｕｎｇ ｓｍｏｄｕｌｕｓＡｉ热膨胀系数ＣｏｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｒｍａｌｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎＴ计算热负荷参考温度ＣａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｅａｔｌｏａｄｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅＧＥ结构单元阻尼系数Ｄａｍｐｉｎｇｃｏｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｏｆｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｅｌｅｍｅｎｔ本次模态试验是在恒温条件下进行的ꎬ因此忽略温度变化的影响ꎮ根据ＨｙｐｅｒＭｅｓｈ内置材料属性参数的关系σｘσｙσｚτｘｙτｙｚｚｚｘæèççççççççöø÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷＝Ｇ１１Ｇ１２Ｇ１３Ｇ１４Ｇ１５Ｇ１６Ｇ２２Ｇ２３Ｇ２４Ｇ２５Ｇ２６Ｇ３３Ｇ３４Ｇ３５Ｇ３６Ｇ４４Ｇ４５Ｇ４６Ｇ５５Ｇ５６Ｇ６６éëêêêêêêêêêùûúúúúúúúúúεｘεｙεｚγｘｙγｙｚγｚｘéëêêêêêêêêêùûúúúúúúúúú(１)式中ꎬσｉ为不同方向的正应力ꎻτｉｊ为不同方向的切应力ꎻεｉ为不同方向的纵向应变ꎻγｉｊ为不同方向的切向应变ꎮ定子铁芯由轴向硅钢片叠压形成ꎬ考虑到定子径向(硅钢片平行面方向)刚度与轴向(垂直硅钢片方向)刚度不同ꎬ即认为一层硅钢片Ｘ㊁Ｙ方向的具有相同的力学参数ꎬ并且与Ｚ向力学参数不同ꎮ对于定子铁芯ꎬ材料参数属性进行简化σｘ＝σｙＧ１１＝Ｇ２２{(２)τｙｚ＝τｚｘＧ５５＝Ｇ６６{(３)Ｇ１２Ｇ１６ꎬＧ２３Ｇ２６ꎬＧ３４Ｇ３６ꎬＧ４５Ｇ４６ꎬＧ５６Ｇ６６＝０(４)㊀㊀采用ＭＡＴ９材料数据可以直接设置Ｇｉｊ剪切模量参数ꎬ其中Ｇ１１㊁Ｇ２２㊁Ｇ３３为弹性模量ꎬ不需要调整等效的Ｅ㊁Ｇ或Ｎｕ值ꎮ通过测量定子质量为３ｋｇꎬ根据质量与体积的关系ꎬ计算的到定子铁芯的实际密度为７６８０ｋｇ/ｍ３ꎬ本文首先参考相关文献中的材料属性ꎬ根据Ｖｏｉｇｔ￣Ｒｅｕｓｓ公式[１７]进行转换ꎮ设定大概参数初始值ꎬ如表２所示ꎮ表２㊀定子的结构等效力学参数Ｔａｂ.２Ｅｑｕｉｖａｌｅｎｔｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｏｆｓｔａｔｏｒｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ参数Ｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒ定子铁芯Ｓｔａｔｏｒｃｏｒｅρ/(ｇ ｍ￣３)７６８０Ｇ１１/ＭＰａ２０００００Ｇ３３/ＭＰａ２００００Ｇ４４/ＭＰａ１０００００Ｇ５５/ＭＰａ１３０００表３为不同的铁芯等效材料参数ꎬ通过改变参数观察模态频率的变化趋势ꎬ表中编号１~ｎ为改变Ｇ１１参数ꎬ其它参数保持不变ꎻ编号２~ｎ为改变Ｇ３３参数ꎬ其它参数保持不变ꎻ编号３~ｎ为改变Ｇ４４参数ꎬ其它参数保持不变ꎻ编号Ｇ５５为改变４~ｎ参数ꎬ其它参数保持不变ꎻ确定单一变量对模态频率的影响ꎮ如图１所示为弹性模量Ｇ１１参数改变１００００ＭＰａ时ꎬ不同振型模态频率变化程度ꎬ其中横坐标代表模态振型ꎬ纵坐标代表模态频率的变化值和相对变化率ꎬ由图可得铁芯模态振型(ｍꎬ０)和(ｍꎬ１)阶与弹性模量Ｇ１１的大小成正比ꎬ增大Ｇ１１参数(ｍꎬ０)和(ｍꎬ１)阶模态频率都有所增加ꎻ弹性模量Ｇ１１对(ｍꎬ０)阶变化程度大于(ｍꎬ１)ꎻ(ｍꎬ０)阶变化率在随着阶次的增加ꎬ相对变化逐渐增加ꎬ对于(ｍꎬ０)阶模态ꎬ弹性模量Ｇ１１对高阶次的影响大于低阶次ꎬ而弹性模量Ｇ１１对(２ꎬ０)阶次的影响程度最大ꎬ其相对变化率为２ ０５％ꎬ可能由于样本数少导致产生误差ꎻ对于(ｍꎬ１)阶模态ꎬ随着阶次的升高ꎬ相对变化率逐渐增加ꎬ因此ꎬ弹性模量Ｇ１１对高阶次的影响大于低阶次ꎮ㊀第４４卷第２期唐友亮等:基于模态分析的定子各向异性材料参数矫正方法５０５㊀㊀表３㊀铁芯等效材料参数Ｔａｂ.３Ｅｑｕｉｖａｌｅｎｔｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｏｆｉｒｏｎｃｏｒｅ材料Ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ编号Ｎｏ.ρ/(ｇ ｍ－３)Ｇ１１/ＭＰａＧ３３/ＭＰａＧ４４/ＭＰａＧ５５/ＭＰａ１－１７６８０２０００００２００００１０００００１３０００１－２７６８０１９５０００２００００１０００００１３０００１－３７６８０１９００００２００００１０００００１３０００１－４７６８０１８５０００２００００１０００００１３０００１－５７６８０１８００００２００００１０００００１３０００２－１７６８０１８５０００５００００１０００００１３０００２－２７６８０１８５０００４００００１０００００１３０００２－３７６８０１８５０００３００００１０００００１３０００２－４７６８０１８５０００２００００１０００００１３０００２－５７６８０１８５０００１００００１０００００１３０００３－１７６８０１８５０００２００００１１００００１３０００３－２７６８０１８５０００２００００１０００００１３０００３－３７６８０１８５０００２００００９００００１３０００３￣４７６８０１８５０００２００００８００００１３０００３￣５７６８０１８５０００２００００７００００１３０００４￣１７６８０１８５０００２００００１０００００１３０００４￣２７６８０１８５０００２００００１０００００１２５００４￣３７６８０１８５０００２００００１０００００１２０００４￣４７６８０１８５０００２００００１０００００１１５００４￣５７６８０１８５０００２００００１０００００１１０００图１㊀弹性模量Ｇ１１对模态频率的影响Ｆｉｇ.１㊀ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｓｈｅａｒｍｏｄｕｌｕｓＧ１１ｏｎｍｏｄａｌｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ如图２所示为弹性模量Ｇ３３参数改变１００００ＭＰａ时ꎬ不同阶次模态频率的变化程度ꎮ从中可知ꎬ改变弹性模量Ｇ３３对(ｍꎬ０)和(ｍꎬ１)阶次模态频率影响较小ꎮ弹性模量Ｇ３３对(ｍꎬ０)阶模态频率无影响ꎬ其Ｇ３３改变１００００ＭＰａ时(ｍꎬ０)的变化率为０ꎻ对(ｍꎬ１)阶模态影响也较小ꎬ相对变化率在０ １％左右ꎮ因此得到Ｇ３３对模态频率影响较小ꎬ在选择等效材料时暂且不考虑弹性模量Ｇ３３的变化ꎮ如图３所示为剪切模量Ｇ４４变化对不同阶次模态频率的影响ꎬ以图中的(２ꎬ０)阶为例ꎬ剪切模量Ｇ４４减少１００００ＭＰａ时ꎬ模态频率减少５Ｈｚꎻ剪切模量Ｇ４４再减少１００００ＭＰａ时ꎬ模态频率减少７Ｈｚꎬ故模态频率变化量是相对前者的模态值ꎮ从某一阶次来看ꎬ模态频率变化量随着剪切模量Ｇ４４的减少逐渐增大ꎬ得出Ｇ４４材料参数越小ꎬ其变化值对模态频率影响越大ꎻ从图２㊀弹性模量Ｇ３３对模态频率的影响Ｆｉｇ.２㊀ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｓｈｅａｒｍｏｄｕｌｕｓＧ３３ｏｎｍｏｄａｌｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ(ｍꎬ０)和(ｍꎬ１)来看ꎬ剪切模量Ｇ４４对(ｍꎬ０)阶模态频率影响更大ꎻ从全部阶次来看ꎬ当剪切模量减少１００００ＭＰａ时ꎬ高阶次模态频率变化量更大ꎮ图３㊀剪切模量Ｇ４４变化量对模态的影响Ｆｉｇ.３㊀ＩｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｓｈｅａｒｍｏｄｕｌｕｓＧ４４ｏｎｍｏｄａｌ如图４所示为剪切模量Ｇ５５参数改变５００ＭＰａ时ꎬ不同阶次模态频率的变化程度ꎮ从中可知ꎬ剪切模量Ｇ５５对(ｍꎬ０)阶模态频率无影响ꎬ其Ｇ３３改变５００ＭＰａ时(ｍꎬ０)的变化率为０ꎻ剪切模量Ｇ５５主要影响(ｍꎬ１)模态频率ꎬ并且随着阶次的升高ꎬＧ５５参数对其模态频率变量率影响逐渐减小ꎬ因此ꎬＧ５５参数主要影响低阶振型为(ｍꎬ１)的模态频率ꎮ由于定子材料为各向异性材料ꎬ无论是对定子材料的实际测试还是对定子有限元模型材料属性的施加都非常困难ꎮ通常情况下ꎬ定子的初始材料可以通过经验公式计算ꎬ但其计算误差较大ꎬ因此在实际有限元分析中ꎬ需要对定子的材料属性进行等效处理ꎬ通过上述分析材料参数对不同阶次模态频率的影响ꎬ衍生出一种矫正定子铁芯材料参数的方法ꎮ如图５所示为各向异性材料参数矫正方法ꎬ首先根据经验公式大致计算铁芯的材料参数ꎬ然后进行有限元模态分析ꎬ计算初始模态结果Ｍｓ(ｍꎬｎ)ꎻ然后完㊀５０６㊀机㊀㊀械㊀㊀强㊀㊀度２０２２年㊀图４㊀剪切模量Ｇ５５对模态频率的影响Ｆｉｇ.４㊀ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｓｈｅａｒｍｏｄｕｌｕｓＧ５５ｏｎｍｏｄａｌｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ成模态试验ꎬ得到测试结果Ｍｔ(ｍꎬｎ)ꎬ将有限元结果和模态试验结果进行对比ꎬ生成ａꎬｂ相对误差ꎬ如果相对误差在可接受范围内ꎬ则不需要对铁芯材料参数进行调整ꎬ否则适当的调整材料参数ꎬ参考图中的材料参数调整依据ꎮ关于Ｇ１１和Ｇ４４材料对模态频率的影响ꎬ在这里进一步说明ꎬ弹性模量Ｇ１１对模态频率的变化较为固定ꎬ相同阶次模态频率随材料参数变化幅度相同ꎻ而剪切模量Ｇ４４对模态频率的变化有递增趋势ꎬ相同阶次模态频率随材料参数变化幅度不相同ꎮ因此在实际调校过程中需要Ｇ１１参数和Ｇ４４参数协调使用ꎮ图５㊀各向异性材料参数矫正方法Ｆｉｇ.５㊀Ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆａｎｉｓｏｔｒｏｐｉｃｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓ２㊀模态分析２ １㊀定子铁芯模态分析为了保证上文中有限元模型的准确性ꎬ对所用材料参数进行验证ꎬ对定子铁芯进行自由模态测试ꎮ将电机定子铁芯用带有弹性的尼龙绳将定子铁芯悬挂ꎬ模拟有限元仿真的自由模态ꎮ定子铁芯沿径向每层均匀布置１２个激励点ꎬ间隔３０ʎꎬ总共５层ꎬ间隔１９ ３ｍｍꎬ共计６０个激励点ꎬ４加速度传感器均匀布置ꎬ为了测量方便㊁快捷ꎬ将６０个激励点标注在定子铁芯上ꎬ如图６所示ꎮ图６㊀定子铁芯模态试验Ｆｉｇ.６㊀Ｓｔａｔｏｒｃｏｒｅｍｏｄａｌｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ使用ＬＭＳＴｅｓｔ.ｌａｂ１４Ａ软件测量时ꎬ首先要搭建电机的振动模型ꎬ与测试点相似ꎬ共计６０个点ꎬ输入各个测点的坐标ꎬ将６０个激励点按照电机的实际结构进行连接ꎬ采用游锤法对６０个激励点分别敲击ꎬ因为定子铁芯的振动方向主要为径向圆周振动ꎬ因此在敲击定子铁芯时只敲击－Ｚ方向便可得到定子铁芯的振型ꎮ对电机进行锤击测试时ꎬ每个激励点敲击５次ꎬ在同一点进行敲击时要保证每次力度㊁方向相同ꎬ然后取５次测试结果的平均值以减少误差ꎬ如图７所示为定子铁芯前七阶模态振型ꎮ图７㊀定子铁芯模态振型Ｆｉｇ.７㊀Ｍｏｄａｌｍｏｄｅｏｆｓｔａｔｏｒｃｏｒｅ根据图５的方法对定子铁芯进行有限元仿真ꎬ得到定子铁芯的材料参数为Ｇ１１＝Ｇ２２＝１９５０００ＭＰａꎬＧ３３＝２００００ＭＰａꎬＧ４４＝１００００ＭＰａꎬＧ５５＝Ｇ６６＝１１５００ＭＰａꎬ如图８所示为定子铁芯振型图ꎬ根据表４定子铁芯模态试验结果与仿真结果的对比ꎬ有限元仿真频率和振型与试验结果十分接近ꎬ误差均在１ ０％以下ꎬ验㊀第４４卷第２期唐友亮等:基于模态分析的定子各向异性材料参数矫正方法５０７㊀㊀证采用各向异性材料可以准确的预测定子铁芯各阶模态频率及振型ꎮ图８㊀定子铁芯有限元仿真Ｆｉｇ.８㊀Ｆｉｎｉｔｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔａｔｏｒｃｏｒｅ２ ２㊀定子绕组模态分析为了进一步验证等效参数方法的准确性ꎬ对定子绕组进行有限元分析和模态试验ꎮ如图９为定子绕组模态试验ꎬ图１０为定子绕组试验得到的前５阶模态振型和频率ꎮ表４㊀定子铁芯模态试验与仿真对比结果Ｔａｂ.４㊀Ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆｍｏｄａｌｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｎｄｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔａｔｏｒｃｏｒｅ模态振型模态试验模态频率误差ＭｏｄａｌｓｈａｐｅＭｏｄａｌｔｅｓｔ/ＨｚＭｏｄａｌｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ/ＨｚＥｒｒｏｒ/％一阶１ｓｔｏｒｄｅｒ６３０６２９０ １二阶２ｎｄｏｒｄｅｒ８９２８９００ ２三阶３ｒｄｏｒｄｅｒ１７２２１７１９０ ２四阶４ｔｈｏｒｄｅｒ２１４７２１５２０ ２五阶５ｔｈｏｒｄｅｒ３１０９３０９５０ ４六阶６ｔｈｏｒｄｅｒ３５６９３５８６０ ５七阶７ｔｈｏｒｄｅｒ４６７３４６３９０ ７通过上文有限元方法的分析ꎬ将绕组等效为各项异性材料:Ｇ１１＝Ｇ２２＝２００ＭＰａꎬＧ３３＝１００ＭＰａꎬＧ４４＝１０ＭＰａꎬＧ５５＝Ｇ６６＝２０ＭＰａꎬ图１１为定子绕组有限元图９㊀定子绕组模态试验Ｆｉｇ.９㊀Ｓｔａｔｏｒｗｉｎｄｉｎｇｍｏｄａｌｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ图１０㊀定子绕组模态振型Ｆｉｇ.１０㊀Ｍｏｄａｌｍｏｄｅｓｏｆｓｔａｔｏｒｗｉｎｄｉｎｇ仿真结果ꎬ表５为定子模态试验与有限元仿真结果对标ꎬ仿真与试验误差在３％以内ꎬ验证各向异性材料的等效方式可以准确的预测定子各阶模态频率及振型ꎮ图１１㊀定子绕组有限元仿真Ｆｉｇ.１１㊀Ｆｉｎｉｔｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔａｔｏｒｃｏｉｌ㊀５０８㊀机㊀㊀械㊀㊀强㊀㊀度２０２２年㊀表５㊀定子绕组模态试验与仿真对比结果Ｔａｂ.５㊀Ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆｍｏｄａｌｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｎｄｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔａｔｏｒｗｉｎｄｉｎｇ模态振型模态试验模态频率误差ＭｏｄａｌｓｈａｐｅＭｏｄａｌｔｅｓｔ/ＨｚＭｏｄａｌｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ/ＨｚＥｒｒｏｒ/％一阶１ｓｔｏｒｄｅｒ５８２５８２０二阶２ｎｄｏｒｄｅｒ８３９８１６２ ７４三阶３ｒｄｏｒｄｅｒ１５４７１５５００ １９四阶４ｔｈｏｒｄｅｒ１９１１１９３４１ ２０五阶５ｔｈｏｒｄｅｒ２８１８２７６１２ ０２３㊀结论本文对某１０极１５槽永磁无刷直流电机进行了定子各向异性等效材料建模研究ꎮ首先分析等效参数对模态频率的影响ꎬ根据模态频率与材料参数的关系提出一种各向异性材料矫正方法ꎬ其次结合模态试验验证有限元模型的准确性ꎬ获得的主要结论如下:１)模态频率对材料属性的敏感度不同ꎬ分析得知ꎬ弹性模量Ｇ１１参数影响(ｍꎬ０)和(ｍꎬ１)模态频率ꎻ弹性模量Ｇ３３参数影响(ｍꎬ１)阶模态ꎬ但对模态频率频率影响较小ꎻ剪切模量Ｇ４４参数影响(ｍꎬ０)和(ｍꎬ１)模态频率ꎻ剪切模量Ｇ５５参影响(ｍꎬ１)阶模态频率ꎻ２)弹性模量Ｇ１１参数对(ｍꎬ０)阶的影响效果大于(ｍꎬ１)阶ꎬ并且对高阶的影响大于低阶ꎻ不同阶次模态频率对Ｇ４４的敏感度大于Ｇ１１ꎬ并且随着材料参数的降低ꎬ模态频率改变逐渐增大ꎻ剪切模量Ｇ５５对(ｍꎬ１)阶模态频率的变化率逐渐递减ꎮ３)定子各向异性材料属性能够保证有限元模型的精度ꎬ通过本文提出的各向异性材料参数矫正方法可以快速确定定子和绕组的等效材料参数ꎮ参考文献(Ｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓ)[１]㊀唐任远.现代永磁电机:理论与设计[Ｍ].北京:机械工业出版社ꎬ２０１５:４￣５.ＴＡＮＧＲｅｎＹｕａｎ.Ｍｏｄｅｒｎｐｅｒｍａｎｅｎｔｍａｇｎｅｔｍａｃｈｉｎｅｓ:Ｔｈｅｏｒｙａｎｄｄｅｓｉｇｎ[Ｍ].ＢｅｉＪｉｎｇ:ＣｈｉｎａＭａｃｈｉｎｅｒｙＰｒｅｓｓꎬ２０１５:４￣５(ＩｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ). [２]㊀李晓华ꎬ黄苏融ꎬ张㊀琪.电动汽车用永磁同步电机定子结构固有频率分析[Ｊ].中国电机工程学ꎬ２０１７ꎬ３７(８):２３８３￣２３９０.ＬＩＸｉａｏＨｕａꎬＨＵＡＮＧＳｕＲｏｎｇꎬＺＨＡＮＧＱｉ.Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｎａｔｕｒａｌｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｉｅｓｏｆｓｔａｔｏｒｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｐｅｒｍａｎｅｎｔｍａｇｎｅｔｓｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｏｕｓｍｏｔｏｒｓｆｏｒｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｖｅｈｉｃｌｅｓ[Ｊ].ＰｒｏｃｅｅｄｉｎｇｓｏｆｔｈｅＣＳＥＥꎬ２０１７ꎬ３７(８):２３８３￣２３９０(ＩｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ).[３]㊀张㊀超ꎬ朱建国ꎬ韩雪岩.高速表贴式永磁电机转子强度分析[Ｊ].中国电机工程学报ꎬ２０１６ꎬ３６(１７):４７１９￣４７２７.ＺＨＡＮＧＣｈａｏꎬＺＨＵＪｉａｎＧｕｏꎬＨＡＮＸｕｅＹａｎ.Ｒｏｔｏｒｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｈｉｇｈ￣ｓｐｅｅｄｓｕｒｆａｃｅｍｏｕｎｔｅｄｐｅｒｍａｎｅｎｔｍａｇｎｅｔｒｏｔｏｒｓ[Ｊ].ＰｒｏｃｅｅｄｉｎｇｓｏｆｔｈｅＣＳＥＥꎬ２０１６ꎬ３６(１７):４７１９￣４７２７(ＩｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ). [４]㊀张艳芳ꎬ张艳林.一种机械元件失效概率计算的方法[Ｊ].机械强度ꎬ２０２０ꎬ４２(５):１１２５￣１１２９.ＺＨＡＮＧＹａｎＦａｎｇꎬＺＨＡＮＧＹａｎＬｉｎ.Ａｎｅｗｆａｉｌｕｒｅｐｒｏｂａｂｉｌｉｔｙｃｏｍｐｕｔｉｎｇｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓ[Ｊ].ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌＳｔｒｅｎｇｔｈꎬ２０２０ꎬ４２(５):１１２５￣１１２９(ＩｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ). [５]㊀谢㊀颖ꎬ王㊀严ꎬ吕㊀森ꎬ等.小型异步电机模态计算与试验分析[Ｊ].电工技术学报ꎬ２０１５(１６):１￣９.ＸＩＥＹｉｎｇꎬＷＡＮＧＹａｎꎬＬＶＳｅｎꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｍｏｄａｌｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｅｓｔｏｆｓｍａｌｌａｓｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｏｕｓｍｏｔｏｒ[Ｊ].ＴｒａｎｓａｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＣｈｉｎａＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌＳｏｃｉｅｔｙꎬ２０１５(１６):１￣９(ＩｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ).[６]㊀ＣａｉＷｉｌｌｉｍａｍꎬＰｉｌｌａｙＰ.Ａｎｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｏｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｉｎｓｗｉｔｃｈｅｄｒｅｌｕｃｔａｎｃｅｍｏｔｏｒｓ[Ｊ].ＩＥＥＥＴｒａｎｓ.ｏｎＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｙＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎꎬ１９９９ꎬ３５(３):５８９￣５９６.[７]㊀ＣａｉＷｉｌｌｉｍａｍꎬＰｉｌｌａｙＰ.Ｒｅｓｏｎａｎｔｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｉｅｓａｎｄｍｏｄｅｓｈａｐｅｓｏｆｓｗｉｔｃｈｅｄｒｅｌｕｃｔａｎｃｅｍｏｔｏｒｓ[Ｊ].ＩＥＥＥＴｒａｎｓ.ｏｎＥｎｅｒｇｙＣｏｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎꎬ２００１ꎬ１６(ｌ):４３￣４８.[８]㊀ＬｏｎｇＳＡꎬＺｈｕＺＱꎬＨｏｗｅＤ.Ｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｏｆｓｔａｔｏｒｓｏｆｓｗｉｔｃｈｅｄｒｅｌｕｃｔａｎｃｅｍｏｔｏｒｓ[Ｊ].ＩＥＥＰｒｏｃ.ｏｎＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌＰｏｗｅｒＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎꎬ２００１ꎬ１４８(３):２５７￣２６４.[９]㊀ＣａｉＷｉｌｌｉｍａｍꎬＰｉｌｌａｙＰꎬＺｈａｎｇＪｕｎｔａｎｇ.Ｉｍｐａｃｔｏｆｓｔａｔｏｒｗｉｎｄｉｎｇｓａｎｄｅｎｄ￣ｂｅｌｌｓｏｎｒｅｓｏｎａｎｔｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｉｅｓａｎｄｍｏｄｅｓｈａｐｅｓｏｆｓｗｉｔｃｈｅｄｒｅｌｕｃｔａｎｃｅｍｏｔｏｒｓ[Ｊ].ＩＥＥＥＴｒａｎｓ.ｏｎＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｙＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎꎬ２００２ꎬ３８(４):１０２７￣１０３６.[１０]㊀张式勤ꎬ刘芸芸ꎬ吴建华.开关磁阻电机定子振动的有限元分析[Ｊ].中小型电机ꎬ２００４ꎬ３１(１):５￣８.ＺＨＡＮＧＳｈｉＱｉｎꎬＬＩＵＹｕｎＹｕｎꎬＷＵＪｉａｎＨｕａ.ＦＥＭａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｓｔａｔｏｒｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｆｏｒｓｗｉｔｃｈｅｄｒｅｌｕｃｔａｎｃｅｍｏｔｏｒｓ[Ｊ].ＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃＭａｃｈｉｎｅｓ＆ＣｏｎｔｒｏｌＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎꎬ２００４ꎬ３１(１):５￣８(ＩｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ). [１１]㊀张泽豫ꎬ焦志勇ꎬ夏洪兵ꎬ等.永磁同步电机转子表面辅助槽对齿槽转矩的影响研究[Ｊ]ꎬ机电工程ꎬ２０１９ꎬ３６(１２):１３４２￣１３４６.ＺＨＡＮＧＺｅＹｕꎬＪＩＡＯＺｈｉＹｏｎｇꎬＸＩＡＨｏｎｇＢｉｎｇꎬｅｔａｌ.ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｒｏｔｏｒｓｕｒｆａｃｅａｕｘｉｌｉａｒｙｓｌｏｔｏｎｃｏｇｇｉｎｇｔｏｒｑｕｅｏｆＰＭＳＭ[Ｊ].ＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌ＆ＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇꎬ２０１９ꎬ３６(１２):１３４２￣１３４６(ＩｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ).[１２]㊀吴建华.基于物理模型开关磁阻电机定子模态和固有频率的研究[Ｊ].中国电机工程学报ꎬ２００４ꎬ２４(８):１１０￣１１４.ＷＵＪｉａｎＨｕａ.Ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｓｔａｔｏｒｍｏｄｅｓｈａｐｅｓａｎｄｎａｔｕｒａｌｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｉｅｓｏｆｓｗｉｔｃｈｅｄｒｅｌｕｃｔａｎｃｅｍｏｔｏｒｂａｓｅｄｏｎｒｅａｌｓｔｒｕｃｔｕａｌｍｏｄｅｌ[Ｊ].ＰｒｏｃｅｅｄｉｎｇｓｏｆｔｈｅＣＳＥＥꎬ２００４ꎬ２４(８):１１０￣１１４(ＩｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ).[１３]㊀孙剑波ꎬ詹琼华ꎬ黄㊀进.开关磁阻电机的定子振动模态分析[Ｊ].中国电机工程学报ꎬ２００５ꎬ２５(２２):１４８￣１５２.ＳＵＮＪｉａｎＢｏꎬＺＡＮＪｉｎｇＨｕａꎬＨＵＡＮＧＪｉｎ.Ｍｏｄａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｓｔａｔｏｒｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｓｗｉｔｃｈｅｄｒｅｌｕｃｔａｎｃｅｍｏｔｏｒｓ[Ｊ].ＰｒｏｃｅｅｄｉｎｇｓｏｆｔｈｅＣＳＥＥꎬ２００５ꎬ２５(２２):１４８￣１５２(ＩｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ).[１４]㊀代㊀颖ꎬ崔淑梅ꎬ宋立伟.车用电机的有限元模态分析[Ｊ].中国电机工程学报ꎬ２０１１(９):１００￣１０４.ＤＡＩＹｉｎｇꎬＣＵＩＳｈｕＭｅｉꎬＳＯＮＧｌｉＷｅｉ.Ｆｉｎｉｔｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｍｅｔｈｏｄｍｏｄａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｄｒｉｖｉｎｇｍｏｔｏｒｆｏｒｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ[Ｊ].ＰｒｏｃｅｅｄｉｎｇｓｏｆｔｈｅＣＳＥＥꎬ２０１１(９):１００￣１０４(ＩｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ).[１５]㊀王天煜ꎬ王凤翔.大型异步电动机定子振动与模态分析[Ｊ].中国电机工程学报ꎬ２００７(１２):４１￣４５.ＷＡＮＧＴｉａｎＹｕꎬＷＡＮＧＦｅｎｇＸｉａｎｇ.Ｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｍｏｄａｌａｎａｌｖｓｉｓｏｆｓｔａｔｏｒｏｆｌａｒｇｅｉｎｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｍｏｔｏｒｓ[Ｊ].ＰｒｏｃｅｅｄｉｎｇｓｏｆｔｈｅＣＳＥＥꎬ２００７(１２):４１￣４５(ＩｎＣｈｉｎａ).[１６]㊀ＹｉｎꎬＨｏｎｇｂｉｎꎬｅｔａｌ.Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｅｑｕｉｖａｌｅｎｔｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓａｎｄｍｏｄａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆｓｔａｔｏｒｓｙｓｔｅｍｏｆｐｅｒｍａｎｅｎｔｍａｇｎｅｔｍｏｔｏｒｗｉｔｈｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｄｗｉｎｄｉｎｇ[Ｊ].ＩＥＥＥＡｃｃｅｓｓꎬ２０１９(７):６４５９２￣６４６０２.[１７]㊀ＣＨＥＮＹꎬＤＩＮＧＴꎬＴＩＡＮＬ.Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆｍｏｔｏｒｌａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｃｏｒｅｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ[Ｊ].Ｅｌｅｃｔｒ.Ｍａｃｈ.Ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌꎬ２０１４ꎬ１８(１):７１￣７６.。

英语作文改错换位最简单三个步骤Editing is an important part of the writing process. It ensures that your writing is clear, concise, and error-free. One strategy for editing is to use the three-step method of rearranging errors. This method involves identifying errors, moving them to the correct location, and then correcting them. Below are the three steps to make this process as simple as possible:Step 1: Identify errorsThe first step in the process is to identify errors in your writing. This includes grammatical errors, punctuation errors, and spelling errors. Common errors to look out for includesubject-verb agreement, verb tense consistency, and word choice. Make note of any errors you find so that you can address them in the next step.Step 2: Rearrange errorsOnce you have identified errors in your writing, the next step is to rearrange them. This means moving the errors to the correct location in the sentence or paragraph. For example, if you have a misplaced modifier, you would need to move it to the correct place in the sentence for it to make sense. By rearranging errors, you can ensure that your writing is clear and coherent.Step 3: Correct errorsThe final step in the process is to correct errors. This involves fixing grammatical errors, punctuation errors, and spelling errors that you identified in the first step. Use a grammar checker or proofreading tool to help you correct errors quickly and efficiently. Once you have corrected all errors, read through your writing one more time to make sure it flows smoothly and makes sense.By following these three simple steps, you can easily edit your writing and improve its overall quality. Remember to take your time and be thorough in your editing process to ensure that your writing is error-free.。

单元提升卷02Unit2Looking into the Future单元基础知识巩固Ⅰ.核心单词1._________________________vt.劝说;说服2._________________________adj.遥远的;远处的;疏远的;心不在焉的3._________________________adj.效率高的;有功效的4._________________________n.爱好;偏爱5._________________________n.瞬间;片刻adj.立即的;速食的;速溶的6._________________________adj.可获得的;可购得的;(人)有空的7._________________________vt.&vi.(使)结合;混合8._________________________n.职业;占领9._________________________vt.反对;抵制;阻挠10._________________________n.不存在;缺乏;缺席Ⅱ.拓展单词1.secure adj.安全的;安心的;可靠的;牢固的→_________________________n.保护措施;安全工作2.remote adj.远程的;偏远的→_________________________adv.远程地3.warn v.警告→_________________________n.警告;警示;先兆4.constant adj.不断的;重复的;不变的→_________________________adv.不断地5.normal adj.正常的→_________________________adj.不正常的;反常的6.criticize vt.批评;批判→_________________________adj.严重的;关键的;批判性的7.potential adj.可能的;潜在的n.潜力;可能性→_________________________adv.潜在地;可能地8.relevant adj.有关的;有意义的→_________________________adj.不相干的;不切题的9.innovate v.革新→_________________________n.创新;创造10.predict vt.预测;预言;预料→_________________________n.预测;预言III.核心短语1._________________________关/开(电灯、机器等)2._________________________遥控器;遥控3._________________________空调机;空调设备4._________________________日常生活5._________________________在初期;早先6._________________________着火7._________________________从这种意义上来讲8._________________________(与……)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况)9._________________________展望未来10._________________________正反两方面一、单句语法填空1．A few people resisted(go)for treatment because they feared they were isolated(隔离). 2．Free repair is available a product used improperly in the first year.3．The scientists are able to calculate(accurate)when the spaceship will reach the moon. 4．Many important figures in the music world started making(predict)about Beethoven’s extraordinary future.5．Please fill in your name,address and(occupy)in this form.6．He spent a fortune on expensive wines and other(luxury).7．There was a lot of(resist)to the plan when it was first put forward.8．Bitterly(oppose)by the residents,the proposal to build a new airport was eventually cancelled. 9．His long illness and consequent(absent)put him far behind in his work.10．The term now refers to the specific style of child­­centred learning(advocate)by Holt. 11．Experts advocate(take)effective measures to ensure teenagers'safety and healthy growth. 12．After a little gentle(persuade),he finally agreed that he would stick to his current job. 13．Critical thinking is critical developing creative and exciting ways to overcome challenges. 14．She was strongly(oppose)to her husband taking this trip.15．We’d take the train into the city center,switching the underground,then take a taxi.16．The station was closed for two hours because of a security(warn)．17．This new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting (normal)genes early on.18．Machine translation is a technology that(automatic)translates text from one language to another. 19．Research has shown that a preference junk food can result in obesity.20．When his temperature continued to rise,Tania finally persuaded him(see)a doctor. 21．Fashion is(constant)changing day by day.22．Everyone should make every effort to ensure school(secure)and prevent students from being bullied. 23．It was apparently a very effective way for them to keep track their spending.（用适当的词填空）24．In conclusion,education should be closely relevant students’needs.25．Having adopted a new method,the staff in the academy worked more(efficient)．26．Actually,sunburn is not only painful but also(potential)dangerous.27．So curious was the(detect)about the man wearing sunglasses during night that he was determined to follow him.28．There is,he said,a lack of an(integrate)national transportation policy.29．Choosing furniture is largely a matter of personal(prefer).The Book of Changes,or Zhouyi in Chinese,is one of the ancient Chinese classics with30 (emphasize)on the essential nature of changes.It is believed that Zhouyi originated from Fuxi,and further sublimed by Confucius and his disciples(门徒).高考能力提升二、阅读理解Researchers have developed a groundbreaking method of storing and handling valuable biological materials that removes the limitations of refrigerated storage.The novel method has potential applications in healthcare and scientific research.Biological materials that come from human cells,like enzymes,proteins,and antibodies,are crucial to developing new medicines and diagnostic tests.And they’re fragile.Extremely temperature­sensitive,they require a constant temperature during storage,handling,and transportation.If not stored or handled correctly,these materials will be inactive,which can be costly.Most biological materials are stored as liquids or freeze­dried powders and kept at low temperatures for the duration of their shelf life.This is achieved through a complex integrated system of refrigerators and freezers known as the cold chain.This requires a significant investment in equipment and infrastructure,making it expensive to maintain,and makes the cold chain prone to shipping delays,power outages,equipment failure and human error.Inspired from the home medicine cabinet(储藏柜),where medications are stored in the form of liquids, powder­filled capsules,and tablets,researchers at California Polytechnic State University have developed a new storage platform based on the humble table t that would enable biological materials to be compressed(压缩)into a solid state.Tablets provide advantages to the storage and handling of biomaterials that the cold chain doesn’t.For one thing,they can be stored at room temperature.And,when they’re required,the tablet can be dissolved in water.“Our innovation makes storing and using biomaterials as straightforward as an effervescent tablet(泡腾片).Just drop it into water,mix,and it’s ready to go,”said the researcher of the study.The researchers say their new tablet­based storage and handling method is easy to use and doesn’t require special training,making it suitable for many applications.They also see potential uses beyond just improving the storage and handling of biological materials.By modifying(修改)the tablet coatings,this solid­state storage platform could withstand extreme conditions like heat,humidity,and chemicals.These changes might eventually allow injectable medications,such as insulin,to be taken orally.31．What is a special requirement to store biological materials?A．Constant temperature maintenance.B．Exposure to various temperatures.C．Periodically freezing and melting.D．Direct contact with air.32．What is the researchers’attitude to their storage method?A．Favorable.B．Skeptical.C．Disappointed.D．Grateful.33．Which word can replace the underlined word“withstand”in the last paragraph?A．Demonstrate.B．Stand.C．Adopt.D．Distinguish.34．What is the text mainly about?A．Challenges of storing biological materials.B．The making process of effervescent tablets.C．Healthcare applications of biological materials.D．A new table t storage method of biological materials.If a pancake could dream,it might long for legs so it could jump off your breakfast plate in pursuit of a better,unchewed life.But legs aren’t necessary for something as flat as a pancake to jump around.A group of scientists have designed a pancake­shaped robot that can jump several times per second and higher than seven times its body height.The new robot named Hop,which swiftly jumps without feet,is an important contribution to the soft robotics.Many ground robots move by rolling or walking.But it’s more efficient for robots to jump over obstacles than to go around them.Although jumping can offer some robots a competitive edge,engineering that ability has been a challenge for robotics researchers.Some soft robots that store energy can perform a single impressive jump very infrequently.Some lightweight soft robots that don’t store energy can jump frequently but can’t jump high orfar enough to successfully cross an obstacle.For inspiration,the researchers looked to gall midge larvae(瘿蚊幼虫)that miraculously throw themselves across distances30times as long as their loglike bodies.A gall midge larva bends its body and squeezes the liquid in its body to one end,making it rigid.The accumulation of liquid builds up pressure,and releasing the pressure sends it soaring.The robot’s body doesn’t resemble that of a gall midge larva,but it jumps like one.Its body is made of two small plastic bags printed with electrodes(电极);the front bag is filled with liquid and the back one is filled with the same volume of air.The robot uses electricity to drive the flow of liquid,which causes the body to bend and generate force with the ground,resulting in a jump.And the air bag imitates the function of an animal’s tail,helping the robot maintain a stable position.While the robot is currently restricted to Earth,it might be right at home exploring another planet.If this is true,the researchers’robot might jump over dust y rocks and large holes on the moon or Mars,going where no pancake has gone before.35．What does the author want to show by mentioning a pancake?A．A pancake’s dream to have legs is unrealistic.B．A robot is capable of serving a good pancake.C．A pancake­shaped robot can jump without legs.D．Research on pancakes advances our understanding of robots.36．What difficultly do robotics researchers have in developing Hop according to Paragraph2?A．Hop’s avoiding an obstacle.B．Hop’s moving around by rolling.C．Hop’s performing one remarkable jump.D．Hop’s jumping high and far continuously.37．What inspiration do the researchers draw from gall midge larvae?A．They are shaped like logs.B．They have tails to change positions.C．They bend their bodies and increase force.D．They are filled with liquid and have rigid bodies.38．What is the author’s attitude to the future of the new robot?A．Intolerant.B．Positive.C．Doubtful.D．Unclear.三、完形填空When searching for a science fair project,many children scratch(挠)their heads.They39to find ideas and give up easily.Yet,there are many40.Mesk Abdalsalam is one.When41her brother’s discomfort as he scratched the dry skin on his elbows,Mesk got42from it.Mesk realized that software could be a43to her brother and others when a doctor is44.Mesk,an upcoming11th­grade student,was one of the45at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair(国际科学与工程大奖赛),where Mesk and others46software solutions to challenging problems.Living in Palestine,Mesk recognized it is extremely47to get a doctor’s appointment.It took nearly six months for her brother to see a doctor.48,those dry areas on his arms turned out to be eczema(湿疹).Motivated by the situation,Mesk took advantage of artificial intelligence to49the process.The 16­year­old student designed her innovative software to swiftly50skin conditions based on photographs.Her smartphone app,called Derma X,can diagnose diverse skin diseases.She51the software using over50,000publicly available pictures related to skin diseases.Due to the large database,the result of Derma X is52to a great extent.According to Mesk,the app is user­friendly,and it has been53by many including a doctor who thought highly of it.Derma X earned Mesk fourth place at he ISEF and a$500prize.39．A．offer B．promise C．struggle D．hurry40．A．examples B．exceptions C．followers D．scientists41．A．causing B．guessing C．expressing D．observing 42．A．permission B．trust C．support D．inspiration43．A．helper B．mess C．disaster D．symbol44．A．impatient B．unavailable C．thoughtless D．unkind45．A．leaders B．organizers C．competitors D．guards 46．A．presented B．questioned C．replaced D．developed 47．A．expensive B．risky C．difficult D．common 48．A．Doubtfully B．Accidentally C．Instantly.D．Eventually49．A．take down B．speed up C．stick to.D．watch for 50．A．improve B．control C．determine D．store51．A．trained B．advertised C．named D．identified 52．A．readable/B．reliable C．predictable D．changeable53．A．fixed B．accepted C．guaranteed D．revised阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

近视的困扰英语作文English Answer：Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a common vision condition that affects people of all ages. It occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved, causing light to focus in front of the retina instead of on it. This results in blurry vision for distant objects, while near objects appear clear.Symptoms of myopia include:1. Difficulty seeing distant objects.2. Squinting or眯着眼睛。

3. Eye strain or headaches.4. Difficulty driving or playing sports.There are several ways to correct myopia, including:1. Eyeglasses or contact lenses: These are the most common methods for correcting myopia. They can be worn to focus light directly onto the retina.2. Orthokeratology: This is a non-surgical procedure that uses specially designed contact lenses to reshape the cornea and improve vision.3. Refractive surgery: This is a surgical procedure that uses lasers to reshape the cornea and permanently correct myopia.The best method for correcting myopia depends on the individual's needs and preferences. An eye doctor can help determine the best option.In addition to the above, there are some lifestyle changes that can help manage myopia, such as:1. Regular eye exams: It is important to have regulareye exams to monitor the progression of myopia and to check for any other eye problems.2. Good lighting: Reading or working in well-lit areas can help reduce eye strain.3. Breaks from near work: Taking frequent breaks from near work can help prevent eye fatigue.4. Outdoor activities: Spending time outdoors has been shown to help slow the progression of myopia.中文回答：近视的困扰。

经验判断法英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Well, experience is really important. You can tell alot from it. Like when you've been through something before, you kind of know what to expect.Sometimes you just have to go with your gut feeling. That's what experience does, it gives you that inner sense.Experience also teaches you what works and what doesn't. You learn from your mistakes and successes.And you know, it's not just about having a lot of experiences, it's about learning from them. That's the key.。

1、Which of the following is NOT a common teaching method in English language classrooms?A. Task-based Learning (TBL)B. Direct MethodC. Grammar-Translation MethodD. Silent Reading Approach (答案：D)2、Which language skill does the activity "Listening to a short dialogue and answering questions about it" primarily focus on?A. SpeakingB. WritingC. ListeningD. Reading (答案：C)3、Which of these strategies is effective for improving students' vocabulary retention?A. Memorizing word lists without contextB. Using mnemonic devices for every new wordC. Contextualizing new words in sentences or storiesD. Only focusing on the spelling of words (答案：C)4、In ESL/EFL classrooms, what does the acronym "CLIL" stand for?A. Content and Language Integrated LearningB. Computer-Led Integrated LearningC. Cultural and Linguistic Immersion LearningD. Collaborative Language Instruction Learning (答案：A)5、Which of the following best describes the role of a teacher in a student-centered classroom?A. The primary source of information, lecturing most of the timeB. A facilitator, guiding students' learning processes and encouraging autonomyC. A passive observer, allowing students to learn entirely independentlyD. Solely responsible for correcting mistakes (答案：B)6、Which technique is used to help students understand the meaning of unknown words by breaking them down into smaller, familiar parts?A. Morphological AnalysisB. Phonemic ChartingC. Semantic MappingD. Syntactic Parsing (答案：A)7、Which of the following is a key component of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)?A. Focusing solely on grammatical accuracyB. Memorization of dialogues for recitationC. Encouraging real-life communication and interactionD. Using only authentic, unmodified texts (答案：C)8、Which assessment type is most suitable for evaluating students' ability to use language in authentic, real-life situations?A. Multiple-choice testsB. Standardized written examsC. Performance-based assessmentsD. Fill-in-the-blank exercises (答案：C)。

2024年山东滨州中考英语试题及答案温馨提示：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共10页。

满分90分。

考试用时90分钟。

考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。

2.答卷前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座号填写在试题卷和答题卡规定的位置上。

3.第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

答案不能答在试题卷上。

4.第Ⅱ卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试题卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共55分）一、选择填空（共10小题，计10分）从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。

1. —The final exam is coming. How is it going?—Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _________ usual one. I think I can make it.A. aB. anC. theD. /宇宙飞船) flew to space successfully.—Wow, China’s space technology has reached a new _________.A. methodB. energyC. heightD. industry3. —I heard that people in Paris stood in a long line to buy Chinese xiaolongbao.—Yes, _________ could say no to it there.A. everybodyB. nobodyC. somebodyD. anybody4. —I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other _________ two years.—Me, too. Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me _________ the happy days we spent together.A. in; withB. for; ofC. on; inD. from; for5. —How did you finish the school project in such a short time?—Oh, Mr Li always encouraged me and offered me much help. He is a pretty _________ teacher.A. politeB. privateC. peacefulD. patient6. —Congratulations on winning a gold medal at the skating competition!—Thank you! I spent _________ half a year preparing for it.A. badlyB. hardlyC. nearlyD. loudly7. —Mum, would you like to help me clear out these old clothes?—Oh, they are still in good condition. Let’s _________ to people in need.A. give them awayB. wash them awayC. throw them awayD. keep them away8. —Nowadays, many children fall in love with paper cutting.—That’s true. It can _________ express their own fantastic ideas _________ improve their hands on ability.A. either; orB. not; butC. not only; but alsoD. neither; nor9. —I’m planning a trip to Harbin this summer vacation. I wonder _________.—Why not go online to get more information about it?A. where can I eat something specialB if July is the best time to go there D. when will the 9th Asian Winter Games be held in Harbin10. —I think it’s very necessary for us to take labor (劳动) classes.—_________. It can help to develop our independence.A. That dependsB. Take it easy C It’s not a big deal D. I couldn’t agree more 二、完形填空（共10小题，计10分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出一个能填入文中相应空白处的最佳答案。

教师资格认定考试初级中学英语分类模拟题2单项选择题1. What would he/she do in a listening class if a teacher wants to develop st（江南博哥）udents' ability of inferring and predicting?______A.Spot dictation, compound dictation.B.Judge the relationship of the speakers of a conversation.C.Ask questions about words and phrases in the listening material.D.Match the topic.正确答案：B[考点] 考查听力教学。

[解析] 题干问的是通过什么活动可以锻炼学生的推理判断和预测的能力。

A项意为“听写填空，复合听写”，属于记笔记的能力；B项意为“判断谈话者之间的关系”，属于推理判断的能力；C项意为“就相关单词和短语进行提问”，属于词义猜测能力；D项意为“匹配主题”，属于大意理解能力。

故本题选B。

2. ______ surprised me most wasA.That; that she spoke Japanese so wellB.What; how could she speak JapaneseC.What; that she spoke Japanese so wellD.That; why she could speak Japanese so well正确答案：C[考点] 考查名词性从句。

[解析] 句意：最让我吃惊的是她的日语说得那么好。

分析句子成分可知，______ surprised me most充当was的主语从句，第二空充当was的表语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，应填入连接代词what；而结合前半句中surprised一词可知，表语从句应为陈述句，应填入that she spoke Japanese so well。