Chap20_Work_Team_Diversity

A Diverse workforceName: HuangShanSubject: HRMIntake: BSC18BPathway: Management Lecture’s name: Mr. DipanKmehta Words: 1100Outline1. Introduction of a diverse workforce2. Advantages of a diverse workforce nowadays2.1different skill and experience2.2broader service range3. Problem of a diverse workforce these days3.1 hinder sharing the formation of enterprise culture3.2 reduce the enterprise culture execution4. Solution of deal with the problem5. Conclusion6. Reference1. IntroductionIn 1964, the Congress of the United States passed the Civil Rights Act. Title VII of this act prohibited employers from engaging in employment discrimination based purely on race, color, religion, gender and national origin. Such a national policy marked the beginnings of a culturally diverse workforce.A diversity workforce exists in a group or organization when its members differ from one another along one or more important dimensions. The diverse workforce include there mains components which are racial and ethnic minorities in the United States; people emigrate from their own country to another country; and people who have physically or mentally disabled. The gender, age and other aspect also are components of a diverse workforce.Workforce diversity is of great significance to management practice. Managers need to change their management philosophy, from treat the employees as the same, convert to acknowledge the differences, and to ensure that staff to stabilize and improve the productivity to respond differences.2. Advantage of diversity workforceA diverse workforce has some advantages that can affect the formation of modern enterprise culture and construction. First of all, to organize the diversity workforce brings different skill and experience. Different geographical environment, customs, economic and political system is made with different traits and different experience.When organization puts employees from diverse backgrounds in one group as a team to deal with problems,stuffs will bring individual talents and experiences in suggesting ideas that are flexible in adapting to solve those problems.For example, Apple Company wants to invent new technology, the manager will put some people from the US, and some people may from Asia and Europe in a group. From diverse backgrounds of thesestuffs can have more new ideas, and the technology can be more popular in the market. So,a diverse workforce that feels comfortable communicating varying points of view provides a larger pool of ideas and experiences. The organization can draw from that pool to meet business strategy needs and the needs of customers more effectively.Then, another advantage of diversity workforce is that company can have broader service range. Company which is an international corporation can easier serve people when they have a diverse workforce. Nowadays, many companies do not only have customers who are belongs the same country, they also have customers from other countries. If these companies have diversity workforce, they can easier communicate with the customers and the business will be more success. For instance, Kaplan school has students from many countries, and for easier to get school and students better, the school also hires diversity stuffs.Obviously, Kaplan is succeed because of their human resource manage. As we know, diverse workforce is become more general and important in many companies.3. Problems and challenges of diverse workforceHowever, there are some problems and challenges of diverse workforce. Firstly, enterprise staff sources of universality hinder sharing the formation of enterprise culture.When organization hiring a variety of staff, and trying to make them fitting into the organization, the problems come out. Managers want to let the staff to accept the organization of share values, however, these values may be with some staff values phase against, they will always conflict.For managers, the more difficult is that they must publicly admitted, accept and support the various opinions and views of this stuff, and restructure and integrate according the organization’s corevalues. Organization recruiting all kinds of employees is according to the unique advantages of these stuffs. But when they are accepted and fit into the organization, their diversity behavior and strengths in strong organization culture may be impaired.The second problem is that employee value orientation diversification will reduce the enterprise culture execution. The lack of a common point of view can cause more time about discuss a problem. Also, communication will be a problem in stuffs, especially when there is a language barrier. And, seeking the opinions of the diversification can feel that process becomes more complex and has more fuzziness. Both the understanding of decision and difference of work mode will make the execution of decision very difficult to implement the unified action.4. Solution of deal with the problemsTo solve the first problem which the diversity stuff may hinder sharing the formation of enterprise culture because of their backgrounds, we can ward off change resistance with inclusion. Change resistance will happen in many companies in these days, and that it’s not rightness for company to against with this problem directly. The best way is that managers need to communicate with diversity stuff, and formulate an employee satisfaction survey for getting known the employees. At the same time, manager also can train stuffs, and make them fitting into the organization.Many top companies make assessing and evaluating their diversity process an integral part of their management system. A customizable employee satisfaction survey can accomplish this assessment for company efficiently and conveniently.It can help management team determine what kinds of problem do the stuffs have, and they can know how to deal with these problems as possible as fast.To deal with the second problem, managers can utilize diversity training. First of all, managers should launch a customizable employee survey for getting the fundamental information of diversity stuffs. Next, managers can formulate a training plan for those employees basic on this information. For stuff who lack of a common point of view with organization, managers can train them to get to know about company by showing the corporate culture and the goals of company. For stuff that exist language barrier, manager can make those employees to take a refresher course of language learning. Also, for other stuffs that have other problems, management teams can formulate related training courses to solve.5. ConclusionIn conclusion, the main characteristic of modern enterprise isdiversity workforce nowadays, namely staff in gender, race, nationality, age, cultural structure, ability structure and characteristics and so on various aspects more diversified.As the economy becomes increasingly global, our workforce becomes increasingly diverse. Dealing well with diverse workforce, the organization will be more success and efficiency.6. Reference1./recruit/diversity/Diversity-in-the-Workplac e-Benefits-Challenges-Solutions.asp2. /hrdisciplines/Diversity/Pages/default.aspx3. /service/baike/1883.html4. /view/19ef2ebe7d7061e09ac5a1a9a8a8c06c.html5. /view/8519059a99384ead44e2449b36e3a6f7.html6. ‘Managing Human Resources’; Chapter2 P5-P6。

Joining a team can be an enriching experience for a multitude of reasons. Here are some of the key motivations and benefits that one might consider when deciding to become a part of a team:1. Skill Development: Being part of a team provides opportunities to learn and develop new skills. Whether its technical skills, leadership, or communication, the collaborative environment of a team can accelerate personal growth.2. Networking: Teams are a great way to meet new people and build professional relationships. These connections can lead to future opportunities and collaborations.3. Shared Goals: Working towards a common objective with a team can be highly motivating. The sense of camaraderie that comes from achieving a goal together can be very rewarding.4. Diversity of Perspectives: A team is often composed of individuals with different backgrounds and viewpoints. This diversity can lead to innovative solutions and a broader understanding of various issues.5. Support System: Teams provide a support system where members can rely on each other during challenging times. This support can be crucial for overcoming obstacles and maintaining motivation.6. Leadership Opportunities: Joining a team can offer the chance to take on leadership roles, which can be a stepping stone to developing leadership qualities and managing larger teams in the future.7. Enhanced ProblemSolving: Teamwork often involves tackling complex problems that require a collective effort. This can sharpen ones problemsolving skills and ability to think critically.8. Sense of Belonging: Being part of a team can offer a sense of belonging and community, which is important for personal wellbeing and job satisfaction.9. Increased Visibility: Successful team projects can increase ones visibility within an organization or industry, leading to recognition and potential career advancement.10. Fun and Enjoyment: Lastly, working with a team can be enjoyable. The shared experiences, successes, and even the challenges can be a source of fun and enjoyment.In conclusion, joining a team is not just about contributing to a collective effort its also about personal development, building relationships, and enjoying the process of working with others towards a shared goal.。

IGMP协议概述The Internet Group Management Protocol(IGMP)is a network‑layer protocol used by hosts and ad‑jacent routers on an Internet Protocol(IP)network to report their multicast group memberships.It is an essential component of IP multicast,which enables efficient delivery of data to multiple hosts simultaneously.BackgroundIn traditional IP networks,data packets are typically sent to a unicast address,which means they are delivered to a specific destination host.However,in scenarios where data needs to be sent to multiple recipients simultaneously,such as multimedia streaming or real‑time collaboration applications,the unicast approach becomes inefficient and resource‑consuming.This is where multicast comes into play.What is Multicast?Multicast is a communication method that allows a single sender to transmit data packets to a group of receivers.Instead of sending separate copies of the data to each receiver,the sender multicasts the data once,and it is then replicated and delivered only to the members of the multicast group who have expressed interest in receiving the data.Role of IGMPIGMP plays a crucial role in enabling hosts to join and leave multicast groups dynamically.It allows routers to learn which hosts are interested in receiving multicast traffic for specific groups and effi‑ciently forward the data only to those interested hosts.How IGMP Works1.Host Joins a Multicast Group:When a host wants to receive multicast traffic for a specific group,it sends an IGMP join message to its local router,indicating its interest in joining the group. 2.Router Membership Query:Routers periodically send IGMP membership queries on the networkto discover which hosts belong to multicast groups.These queries elicit IGMP membership re‑ports from the hosts.3.Host Membership Reports:Upon receiving a query,hosts respond with IGMP membership re‑ports,indicating the multicast groups they are interested in.4.Router Forwarding:Routers maintain a list of active multicast groups and their associated hosts.They use this information to forward multicast traffic only to the hosts that have joined the re‑spective groups.Benefits and ApplicationsIGMP enables efficient distribution of multicast traffic,reducing network congestion and bandwidth consumption.It finds applications in various scenarios,including:•Video streaming and IPTV•Online gaming and interactive applications•Software‑defined networking(SDN)•Content delivery networks(CDNs)•Collaborative tools and virtual classroomsSecurity and LimitationsWhile IGMP facilitates multicast communication,it’s important to consider security aspects and im‑plement appropriate measures to prevent unauthorized access or malicious activities.Additionally, IGMP has some limitations,such as scalability challenges in large networks and potential issues with router performance under heavy multicast traffic.In conclusion,IGMP is a critical protocol for managing multicast group memberships in IP networks. By allowing hosts to join and leave multicast groups dynamically,IGMP enables efficient and scalable delivery of multicast traffic,catering to various applications and improving network performance. IGMP协议的工作原理IGMP（Internet Group Management Protocol）是一种网络层协议，用于在Internet协议（IP）网络上的主机和相邻路由器之间报告它们的组播组成员关系。

移动办公是提高工作效率的有效途径引言在日益严峻的商业竞争和更加难以预测的市场面前，企业如何才能尽可能地提高并保持其创造力和竞争力呢？这个问题一直困扰着许多的IT企业地管理者。

过去几年IT产业的沉浮兴衰与风云变换使得情况变得越来越复杂。

这就使得IT产业的经营者们不得不在其计算机、应用程序甚至网络构架中采取“额外”的措施来最大限度地提高其自身的工作效率，以期能取得较好的业绩与效益。

许多企业的管理者发现，除了建立映射数据中心和网络备份系统外，“移动办公”也已成为一条提高企业工作效率、促进业务反弹的有效途径。

目前，在商业过程当中，花费在办公室之外的时间越来越多，并且有的业务要分散执行，而公司职员们也分散在总部、分部和甚至是家庭之中。

所以要确保整个企业始终能保持创旺盛的"生产"能力，就应该使企业的每个成员无论身处何处都能够与企业保持联络并能进行有效的工作。

思科公司技术开发部的高级副主管Charlie Giancarlo说：“当用户离开办公桌而处于"移动"过程中的时候，如果他不能够访问其公司的网络资源并能在"移动"中继续办公的话，他就可能丧失某些商业机会。

”为此，思科公司提出了“思科移动办公室”来应对这一挑战，这是一系列技术解决方案，能使IT公司为其职员提供安全、高速的移动连接。

那么“移动办公”的效益何在呢？让我们举一个例子来说明。

航空工业部门对公众旅行制定了越来越来严格的安全规范，以至于许多商业旅行者发现他们在机场的逗留时间越来越长。

如果机场部署了无线局域网，他们就可以通过便携式电脑中的无线局域网适配器和有安全保证的虚拟个人网络客户机软件，安全有效地接入机场的无线局域网，并进而与其公司的网络连接，从而保持了持续办公的能力。

此外，宾馆、会堂也应该为处在移动中的商业人士提供无线或有线以太网连接服务，这样就可保证他们通过因特网访问其公司内部的信息资源。

multi-institutional team 中文译法-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述在科学研究和工程领域，多机构团队（multi-institutional team）越来越受到重视，这种团队模式是由不同机构或组织合作共同完成一个项目或任务。

这一模式的出现，打破了传统的学术合作限制，使得研究者和工程师能够跨越地域和机构的界限，共同解决复杂的问题和挑战。

本文将探讨multi-institutional team的概念、优势和挑战，并总结其对科研和工程领域的重要性。

的内容1.2 文章结构文章结构部分将主要介绍本文的组织架构和内容安排。

其中，我们将从引言开始，引入读者对multi-institutional team的概念和重要性。

接着，我们将详细探讨multi-institutional team的定义、优势和挑战，帮助读者更全面地了解这一概念。

最后，在结论部分，我们将总结multi-institutional team的重要性，并展望未来发展趋势，以及给出一些结束语，概括全文内容。

通过这样的结构安排，读者可以系统性地了解并理解multi-institutional team的相关知识和观点。

1.3 目的文章的目的是探讨multi-institutional team在当前社会和经济环境下的重要性和影响。

我们将分析multi-institutional team的定义、优势和挑战，以及其在不同领域中的运用情况。

通过深入研究和分析，我们希望能够为读者提供对multi-institutional team的全面和深入的了解，同时为相关领域的专业人士和决策者提供有益的参考和启示。

最终目的是促进不同机构之间的合作与交流，推动协同创新，推动社会与经济的可持续发展。

2.正文2.1 什么是multi-institutional teamMulti-institutional team是指由来自不同机构或组织的成员组成的团队。

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目录1 版本信息 (1)1.1 版本号 (1)1.2 历史版本信息 (1)1.3 版本配套表 (4)1.4 ISSU版本兼容列表 (5)1.5 版本升级注意事项 (6)2 硬件特性变更说明 (6)2.1 R1810P16版本硬件特性变更说明 (6)2.2 R1810P13版本硬件特性变更说明 (6)2.3 R1810P12版本硬件特性变更说明 (6)2.4 R1810P10版本硬件特性变更说明 (6)2.5 R1810P08版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.6 R1810P06版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.7 R1810P05版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.8 R1810版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.9 R1809P11版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.10 R1809P10版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.11 R1809P09版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.12 R1809P06版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.13 R1809P05版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.14 R1809P03版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.15 R1809P01版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.16 R1808P27版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.17 R1808P25版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.18 R1808P23版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.19 R1808P22版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.20 R1808P21版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.21 R1808P17版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.22 R1808P15版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.23 R1808P13版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.24 R1808P11版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.25 R1808P08版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.26 R1808P06版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)i2.29 F1807P01版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.30 R1805P02版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.31 R1211P08版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.32 R1211P06版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.33 R1211P03版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.34 R1211P02版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.35 R1211版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.36 F1209P01版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.37 F1209版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.38 F1208版本硬件特性变更说明 (10)2.39 F1207版本硬件特性变更说明 (10)2.40 R1206版本硬件特性变更说明 (10)2.41 R1110P05版本硬件特性变更说明 (10)2.42 R1110P04版本硬件特性变更说明 (10)3 软件特性及命令行变更说明 (10)4 MIB变更说明 (10)5 操作方式变更说明 (16)5.1 R1810P16版本操作方式变更 (16)5.2 R1810P13版本操作方式变更 (16)5.3 R1810P12版本操作方式变更 (16)5.4 R1810P10版本操作方式变更 (16)5.5 R1810P08版本操作方式变更 (17)5.6 R1810P06版本操作方式变更 (17)5.7 R1810P05版本操作方式变更 (17)5.8 R1810版本操作方式变更 (17)5.9 R1809P11版本操作方式变更 (17)5.10 R1809P10版本操作方式变更 (17)5.11 R1809P09版本操作方式变更 (17)5.12 R1809P06版本操作方式变更 (17)5.13 R1809P05版本操作方式变更 (18)5.14 R1809P03版本操作方式变更 (18)5.15 R1809P01版本操作方式变更 (18)5.16 R1808P27版本操作方式变更 (18)5.17 R1808P25版本操作方式变更 (18)ii5.20 R1808P21版本操作方式变更 (18)5.21 R1808P17版本操作方式变更 (19)5.22 R1808P15版本操作方式变更 (19)5.23 R1808P13版本操作方式变更 (19)5.24 R1808P11版本操作方式变更 (19)5.25 R1808P08版本操作方式变更 (19)5.26 R1808P06版本操作方式变更 (19)5.27 R1808P02版本操作方式变更 (19)5.28 R1807P02版本操作方式变更 (20)5.29 F1807P01版本操作方式变更 (20)5.30 R1805P02版本操作方式变更 (20)5.31 R1211P08版本操作方式变更 (20)5.32 R1211P06版本操作方式变更 (21)5.33 R1211P03版本操作方式变更 (21)5.34 R1211P02版本操作方式变更 (21)5.35 R1211版本操作方式变更 (21)5.36 F1209P01版本操作方式变更 (21)5.37 F1209版本操作方式变更 (21)5.38 F1208版本操作方式变更 (21)5.39 F1207版本操作方式变更 (22)5.40 R1206版本操作方式变更 (22)5.41 R1110P05版本操作方式变更 (22)5.42 R1110P04版本操作方式变更 (23)6 版本使用限制及注意事项 (23)7 存在问题与规避措施 (23)8 解决问题列表 (24)8.1 R1810P16版本解决问题列表 (24)8.2 R1810P13版本解决问题列表 (24)8.3 R1810P12版本解决问题列表 (25)8.4 R1810P10版本解决问题列表 (26)8.5 R1810P08版本解决问题列表 (27)8.6 R1810P06版本解决问题列表 (28)8.7 R1810P05版本解决问题列表 (28)8.8 R1810版本解决问题列表 (28)iii8.11 R1809P09版本解决问题列表 (30)8.12 R1809P06版本解决问题列表 (31)8.13 R1809P05版本解决问题列表 (32)8.14 R1809P03版本解决问题列表 (33)8.15 R1809P01版本解决问题列表 (34)8.16 R1808P27版本解决问题列表 (36)8.17 R1808P25版本解决问题列表 (36)8.18 R1808P23版本解决问题列表 (38)8.19 R1808P22版本解决问题列表 (38)8.20 R1808P21版本解决问题列表 (39)8.21 R1808P17版本解决问题列表 (39)8.22 R1808P15版本解决问题列表 (40)8.23 R1808P13版本解决问题列表 (41)8.24 R1808P11版本解决问题列表 (42)8.25 R1808P08版本解决问题列表 (44)8.26 R1808P06版本解决问题列表 (44)8.27 R1808P02版本解决问题列表 (46)8.28 R1807P02版本解决问题列表 (49)8.29 F1807P01版本解决问题列表 (50)8.30 R1805P02版本解决问题列表 (50)8.31 R1211P08版本解决问题列表 (53)8.32 R1211P06版本解决问题列表 (53)8.33 R1211P03版本解决问题列表 (57)8.34 R1211P02版本解决问题列表 (57)8.35 R1211版本解决问题列表 (58)8.36 F1209P01版本解决问题列表 (62)8.37 F1209版本解决问题列表 (62)8.38 F1208版本解决问题列表 (63)8.39 F1207版本解决问题列表 (65)8.40 R1206版本解决问题列表 (65)8.41 R1110P05版本解决问题列表 (66)8.42 R1110P04版本解决问题列表 (68)9 相关资料 (70)9.1 相关资料清单 (70)iv10 技术支持 (70)附录 A 本版本支持的软、硬件特性列表 (71)A.1 版本硬件特性 (71)A.2 版本软件特性 (73)附录 B 版本升级操作指导 (84)B.1 简介 (84)B.2 软件加载方式简介 (84)B.3 BootRom界面加载 (85)B.3.1 BootRom界面介绍 (85)B.3.2 通过Console口利用XModem完成加载 (89)B.3.3 通过以太网口利用TFTP完成加载 (100)B.3.4 通过以太网口利用FTP完成加载 (103)B.4 命令行接口加载 (107)B.4.1 通过USB口实现软件加载 (107)B.4.2 通过FTP实现软件加载 (107)B.4.3 通过TFTP实现软件加载 (109)v表目录表1 历史版本信息表 (1)表2 版本配套表 (4)表3 ISSU版本兼容列表 (5)表4 MIB文件变更说明 (10)表5 S5800系列产品硬件特性 (71)表6 S5820X系列产品硬件特性 (72)表7 S5800系列产品软件特性 (73)表8 S5820X系列产品软件特性 (79)表9 交换机软件加载方式一览表 (84)表10 基本BOOT菜单说明 (86)表11 基本BOOT辅助菜单说明 (86)表12 扩展BOOT菜单说明 (87)表13 扩展BOOT辅助菜单说明 (89)表14 通过Console口利用XModem加载系统文件 (93)表15 BootRom升级选择菜单 (94)表16 协议选择及参数设置菜单 (95)表17 通过以太网口利用TFTP加载系统文件 (100)表18 TFTP协议相关参数的设置说明 (102)表19 通过以太网口利用FTP加载系统文件 (104)表20 FTP协议相关参数的设置说明 (105)vi本文介绍了H3C S5800_5820X-CMW520-R1810P16版本的特性、使用限制、存在问题及规避措施等，在加载此版本前，建议您备份配置文件，并进行内部验证，以避免可能存在的风险。

pacemaker管理集群基本架构Pacemaker是一个开源的高可用性集群管理软件，用于提供系统冗余和故障转移的能力。

它的基本架构由多个组件组成，包括集群资源管理器(CRM)、决策引擎、状态传输机制和再平衡器等，通过这些组件的协作工作，实现了集群中各个节点资源的高可用性。

Pacemaker集群管理的基本架构如下：1.集群资源管理器(CRM)：CRM是Pacemaker的核心组件，负责检测集群中各个资源的状态，并根据定义好的策略进行资源的分配和管理。

它可以监控各个节点上的服务，如网络、存储等资源，一旦检测到某个节点或资源出现故障，CRM就会触发决策引擎来进行故障转移操作。

2.决策引擎：决策引擎是Pacemaker的另一个核心组件，它基于CRM提供的资源状态信息和定义好的策略，对集群中的资源进行决策和调度。

当CRM发现某个节点或资源出现故障时，决策引擎会根据配置好的策略来决定如何进行故障转移操作，如重新分配资源或迁移服务等。

3.状态传输机制：Pacemaker需要保证各个节点之间的状态传输和同步，以便实时监测集群中的资源状态，并做出快速的决策。

为了实现这一功能，Pacemaker使用了一种高效的状态传输机制，通过传递节点间的状态信息来实现状态的同步和共享。

4.再平衡器：再平衡器是Pacemaker的一个重要组件，它负责在节点故障发生后，重新平衡集群中的资源，以确保高可用性。

当某个节点发生故障时，再平衡器会根据集群的配置信息，重新分配资源到其他可用节点上，并确保集群中的资源使用率达到均衡状态。

Pacemaker的工作原理如下：1.节点监控：Pacemaker通过心跳机制来监测集群中各个节点的状态。

每个节点都会周期性地发送心跳信号给其他节点，以标识自己的存活状态。

如果某个节点长时间没有发送心跳信号，其他节点就会认为该节点出现了故障，并触发相应的故障转移操作。

2.故障转移：一旦某个节点出现故障，CRM会立即通知决策引擎，并将故障节点上的资源标记为不可用状态。

2021年全国锐捷网络工程师认证(RCNA)上午题(习题集1)及答案c、enablesecretlevel10stard、enablepasswordstar2.rip路由协议的周期更新的目标地址是？da.172.16.0.1b.255.255.240.255c.255.255.255.240d.255.255.255.2553.如何使star2624路由器启用ip路由？aa.router(config)#iproutingb.router(config)#ipinitc.router(config)#routeipd.ro uter(config)#iproute4.以下就是布局ppp证书时通过debugpppauthentication获得的信息，答该协议就是几路击掌？%updown:interfaceserial0,changedstatetouppppserial0:sendchapchallengeid=2toremotepppserial0:cha presponseid=2receivedfromuser1pppserial0;sendchapsuccessid=2toremotepppserial0;remotepassedchapauth entication.%updown:lineprotocoloninterfaceserial0.changedstatetoupaa.3b.4c.1d. 25.请说出osi七层参考模型中哪一层负责建立端到端的连接？ba.会话层b.传输层c.网络层d.数据链路层e.应用层6.请说出在数据封装过程中，至顶向下的协议数据单元（pdu）名字：ba.数据流、数据段、数据帧、数据包、比特b.数据流、数据段、数据包、数据帧、比特c.数据帧、数据流、数据段、数据包、比特d.比特、数据帧、数据包、数据段、数据流7.去年你的公司10base-t网络增加了55台工作站。

计算机英语考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a type of computer hardware?A. CPUB. RAMC. SoftwareD. Hard Disk答案：C2. What does the acronym "USB" stand for?A. Universal Serial BusB. User System BusC. User Storage BusD. Universal Storage Bus答案：A3. What is the primary function of a router in a computer network?A. To store dataB. To process dataC. To connect multiple devicesD. To print documents答案：C4. Which of the following is a programming language?A. HTMLB. CSSC. JavaScriptD. All of the above答案：D5. What does "RAM" stand for in computer terminology?A. Random Access MethodB. Random Access MemoryC. Remote Access MemoryD. Rapid Access Memory答案：B6. What is the term for a collection of data stored on a computer?A. FileB. FolderC. DatabaseD. Memory答案：A7. Which of the following is a type of computer virus?A. WormB. TrojanC. Both A and BD. None of the above答案：C8. What is the purpose of a firewall in a computer system?A. To prevent unauthorized accessB. To speed up internet connectionsC. To store dataD. To print documents答案：A9. What does "GUI" stand for in the context of computer systems?A. Graphical User InterfaceB. General User InterfaceC. Global User InterfaceD. Graphical Universal Interface答案：A10. What is the term for a small computer program that performs a specific task?A. ApplicationB. SoftwareC. UtilityD. Script答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The basic unit of data in a computer is called a____________.答案：bit2. A computer's operating system is an example of______________.答案：system software3. The process of converting data into a form that can be understood by a computer is called ______________.答案：encoding4. The term used to describe the speed of a computer's processor is ______________.答案：clock speed5. A computer network that spans a large geographical area is known as a ______________.答案：WAN (Wide Area Network)6. The process of recovering lost data is called______________.答案：data recovery7. A computer program that is designed to disrupt or damage a computer system is known as a ______________.答案：malware8. The primary storage medium for a computer's operating system and most frequently used programs is the______________.答案：hard drive9. The term used to describe the process of transferring data from one computer to another is ______________.答案：data transfer10. A computer that is part of a network and shares its resources with other computers is called a ______________.答案：server三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. What are the main components of a computer system?答案：The main components of a computer system include the central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM), storage devices (hard disk, solid-state drive, etc.), input devices (keyboard, mouse, etc.), output devices (monitor, printer, etc.), andthe operating system.2. Explain the difference between hardware and software in a computer system.答案：Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer, such as the CPU, memory, and storage devices. Software, on the other hand, comprises the programs and instructions that run on the hardware, including theoperating system, applications, and utilities.3. What is the role of a firewall in a computer network?答案：A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks,such as the Internet, to prevent unauthorized access and protect the internal network from potential threats.4. Describe the process of data encryption and its importance in computer security.答案：Data encryption is the process of converting readable data into an unreadable format, called ciphertext, using an algorithm and a key. This process ensures that only authorized parties with the correct key can access and decrypt the data. Encryption is crucial for protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access, ensuring data privacy and security in computer systems and networks.。

领导梯队英文版Leadership teams are an essential component of any organization, whether it’s a small startup or amultinational corporation. The quality of the leadership team can significantly impact the success and growth of the company. In this article, we will discuss the importance of a strong leadership team, the key characteristics of an effective leadership team, and some common challenges that leadership teams may face.Importance of a Strong Leadership TeamA strong leadership team is crucial for the success of an organization for several reasons. Firstly, the leadership team sets the vision and direction for the company, and it is responsible for making strategic decisions that will shape the future of the organization. A competent leadership teamcan effectively guide the company through challenges and opportunities, ensuring its long-term success.Furthermore, a strong leadership team can inspire and motivate employees, driving innovation and fostering apositive work culture. Effective leadership fosters a senseof trust and confidence among employees, which in turn leadsto higher productivity and better overall performance.Key Characteristics of an Effective Leadership TeamAn effective leadership team possesses several key characteristics that set them apart from other teams. Firstly, strong communication skills are essential for a leadership team. Clear and open communication is crucial for aligningthe team towards common goals and resolving conflicts effectively.Another important characteristic is strategic thinking. A successful leadership team must be able to analyze market trends, anticipate challenges, and make informed decisionsthat will position the company for success. Strategicthinking is vital for long-term planning and for seizing opportunities in a competitive business environment.Additionally, a strong leadership team must be collaborative and inclusive, valuing diverse perspectives and opinions. This fosters a culture of innovation and continuous improvement, as well as creating a sense of belonging and engagement among team members.Challenges Faced by Leadership TeamsWhile a strong leadership team can steer an organization to success, they also face several challenges along the way. One common challenge is managing conflicts and disagreements within the team. As leaders often have strong personalities and differing opinions, it is essential to have effective conflict resolution strategies in place.Another challenge is adapting to change and uncertainty in the business environment. Leadership teams must remainagile and flexible, constantly adjusting strategies and plans to respond to market shifts and emerging trends. This requires a high level of resilience and the ability to make tough decisions under pressure.Furthermore, leadership teams must also be mindful of maintaining a healthy work-life balance. The demands of leadership can be intense, and it is crucial for leaders to take care of their physical and mental well-being to avoid burnout and maintain peak performance.In conclusion, a strong leadership team is vital for the success and growth of any organization. Effective leadership sets the vision, direction, and culture of the company, inspiring employees and driving innovation. By possessing key characteristics such as strong communication, strategic thinking, and collaboration, leadership teams can overcome the challenges they face and lead their organizations to success.。

double team 方法Double Team方法是一种在团队中进行合作和协作的策略。

在工作场所中，团队合作是非常重要的，因为它可以帮助提高工作效率，增强工作质量，促进团队成员之间的沟通和合作。

Double Team方法的核心思想是将两个团队成员分配给一个任务，他们共同合作完成，以达到更好的结果。

Double Team方法可以提高工作效率。

通过将两个团队成员分配给同一个任务，可以将工作量分摊，减轻每个人的负担。

同时，由于两个人一起工作，可以相互配合，协调工作进度，避免出现时间上的浪费和延误。

例如，在一个项目中，如果只由一个人负责，可能需要花费很长时间才能完成。

但是如果使用Double Team方法，可以将工作分给两个人，可以同时进行，大大缩短完成时间。

Double Team方法可以提高工作质量。

两个人一起工作可以互相检查和纠正错误，减少疏漏和失误。

他们可以共同讨论问题，提出不同的观点和想法，从而得出更全面和准确的解决方案。

此外，通过团队合作，可以将个人的专长和技能结合起来，充分发挥每个人的优势，提高工作的质量和效果。

Double Team方法可以促进团队成员之间的沟通和合作。

通过共同合作完成任务，团队成员可以更好地了解彼此的工作方式和习惯，建立起良好的沟通和合作关系。

他们可以分享经验和知识，互相学习和帮助，共同成长和进步。

通过团队合作，团队成员之间的合作意识和团队精神也得到了增强。

在实施Double Team方法时，有一些关键的要点需要注意。

首先，团队成员之间需要明确分工和责任，确保每个人都清楚自己的任务和目标。

其次，需要建立良好的沟通机制，及时交流信息和进展，避免出现信息不对称和沟通不畅的情况。

另外，需要灵活应对变化和调整，根据实际情况进行任务分配和协调，确保工作的顺利进行。

Double Team方法是一种有效的团队合作策略，可以提高工作效率，提高工作质量，促进团队成员之间的沟通和合作。

在工作场所中，合理运用Double Team方法，可以帮助团队取得更好的工作成果，实现个人和团队的共同发展。

团队建设英语作文模板高中Team Building。

Team building is an essential aspect of anyorganization or group, as it helps to improve communication, collaboration, and overall team performance. In this essay, we will discuss the importance of team building and explore some effective strategies for building a strong andcohesive team.First and foremost, team building is important becauseit helps to foster better communication among team members. When team members feel comfortable communicating with one another, they are more likely to share ideas, provide feedback, and work together towards a common goal. Thisopen and effective communication is crucial for the success of any team.Additionally, team building helps to promote collaboration among team members. By participating in teambuilding activities, team members learn to work together, leverage each other's strengths, and support one another in achieving their objectives. This collaborative spirit is essential for achieving success as a team.Furthermore, team building can improve team performance by boosting morale and motivation. When team members feel connected to one another and are invested in the team's success, they are more likely to work hard, stay motivated, and perform at their best. This positive and supportiveteam environment can lead to increased productivity and overall success.There are several effective strategies for building a strong and cohesive team. One strategy is to create opportunities for team members to get to know one anotheron a personal level. This can be done through team building activities such as icebreaker games, team lunches, orsocial events outside of work. By building personal connections, team members can develop trust and rapportwith one another, which is essential for effective teamwork.Another strategy for team building is to establishclear goals and expectations for the team. By setting specific objectives and outlining each team member's rolein achieving them, team members can work together towards a common purpose. This clarity and focus can help to keep team members motivated and aligned towards a shared vision.In conclusion, team building is a critical component of any successful organization or group. By fostering communication, collaboration, and motivation among team members, team building can help to improve team performance and achieve success. By implementing effective teambuilding strategies, organizations can create a strong and cohesive team that is capable of overcoming challenges and achieving their goals.。

利用 anylogistix软件制作供应链优化与设计方案
一份
一、供应链优化
1.至少支持4种语言，包括中文、英语:
2.至少支持以平行的方式同时快速运行4个模型，并快速输出结果:
3.需具备网络优化、库存优化、运输优化和模拟仿真四大优化引擎平台，各平台间可进行直观交互;
4.引整平台需具备在统一的用户界面和数据模型中对网络、产品流路径、服务成本、库存、生产和运输进行优化的功能;
5.需具备支持供应链中的以客户、产品、站点、运输模式、客户订单为基本要素的数据建模;
6.需具备整车、零担、空运、海运四种运输模式:
7.需具备对客户、产品、站点进行分组的功能;
8.需具备支持供应链中订单数据的数据建模功能;
9.需具备采购策略、生产策略、运输策略、库存策略四种策略的数据建模。

二、供应链设计
各种零部件原材料由子公司或分布在世界各地的供应商供应。

通过anylogistix将定制化工作推迟到分销中心进行(“延迟”策略)，实现了根据不同用户需求生产不同型号产品目的。

电源等客户化需求的部件设计成了即插即用的组件，从而改变
了以前由总机装配厂生产不同型号的产品，保持大量的库存以满足不同需求的情况。

创新团队英语Innovation TeamAn innovation team consists of individuals with unique skills, ideas, and perspectives who work together to develop groundbreaking solutions to existing problems or create new products and services. This specialized team plays a crucial role in driving progress and propelling organizations forward in today's fast-paced and ever-changing world.One of the key attributes of a successful innovation team is diversity. Each team member brings a different set of expertise and experiences to the table, which fosters creativity and encourages the exploration of various possibilities. A diverse team can tackle problems from multiple angles and introduce novel approaches that may not have been considered otherwise.Moreover, effective communication is essential within an innovation team. Open and transparent dialogue allows for the exchange of ideas, constructive criticism, and collaboration. This fosters an environment where members can freely express their thoughts and helps avoid misunderstandings or conflicts that may hinder progress.By actively listening and valuing each team member's input, the team can generate a synergistic effect, leading to greater innovation.To encourage creativity, innovation teams should also have a flexible work environment that promotes autonomy and experimentation. Allowing team members to have the freedom to explore unconventional ideas and approaches without the fear of failure can lead to breakthrough innovations. A supportive culture that embraces risk-taking and views failures as learning opportunities is crucial in pushing boundaries and achieving true innovation.Moreover, innovation teams should be encouraged to think outside the box and challenge the status quo. By questioning existing processes and seeking alternative methods, these teams can identify inefficiencies and find innovative solutions. Embracing a mindset of continuous improvement and being open to change can drive innovation to new heights.Developing an innovation team requires strong leadership. Effective leaders not only inspire and motivate team members but also ensure that they have the necessary resources and support to explore and pursue their ideas. Leaders should provide clear direction while allowing for autonomy, fostering a collaborative and innovative environment.Finally, innovation teams can benefit from external resources and collaborations. Engaging with external experts, industry leaders, and even customers can bring fresh perspectives and insights. By leveraging external knowledge and networks, innovation teams can expand their horizons and gain a competitive edge in the market.In conclusion, an innovation team is a powerful force that drives progress and reinvents the way we think, work, and live. By embracing diversity, fostering effective communication, creating a flexible work environment, challenging the status quo, providing strong leadership, and leveraging external resources, innovation teams can unlock the potential for groundbreaking ideas and solutions. In today's rapidly evolving world, the importance of innovation teams cannot be overstated, as they are the catalysts for change and the key drivers of success for organizations across all industries.。

关于featureteam的⼀些内容矩阵式管理，是常见的经典管理架构。

其最早起源于美国的航空航天部门，然后被美国⼈带到了⽇本，然后被⽇本⼈带到了台湾，然后台湾⼈带到⼤陆。

矩阵管理最典型的特征是，组织架构按职能与专业划分，项⽬由跨越部门的⼈员组成。

典型缺点是，由于项⽬负责⼈没有⼈事管理权，导致其责任与权⼒不匹配。

当然，这样的缺点并没有影响其江湖地位，相反，它⼴受赞誉。

同时，有另外⼀些⼈，他们坚持“特性团队”（feature team）⽤有更⾼的效率。

1. 什么是 feature team其实我们对 feature team 并不陌⽣。

我们举⼏个例⼦。

我们看到过⼀些经典的⼯具都是由⼀个⼈单独完成的。

⽐如 foxmail 最早是张晓龙的作品，再⽐如鲁⼤师是⼤师鲁锦独⽴完成。

个⼈既团队。

我们可以把这些⽜⼈看做是⼀个完整的 feature team。

某些公司⾥也有类似的⾓⾊，⽐如全栈⼯程师。

很多的初创公司，事情基本上都是由⼀⽀团队在打理的，从⽤户分析到产品设计，从产品设计到产品实现等等，都是同⼀群⼈在做。

团队中的成员各个都能独当⼀⾯......相⽐个⼈，这样的团队应该是特征更加完整的 feature team。

（个⼈觉得，公司从 feature team 到其它结果的演化，就是官僚化的开始；很不幸，很多公司过了初创期，就会放弃这种⾼效的结构）当然，个⼈作为 feature team 和整个公司作为⼀个 feature team 明显是事物的两个极端，我们经常⾯对的，可能更多是某个公司的⼀部分；在公司⾥，叫做业务线，或叫产品线，或事业部，就是这样了。

拥护者们将 feature team 定义为:" a long-lived, cross-functional, cross-component team that completes many end-to-end customer features—one by one."翻译成⼈话：“⼀个长期固定的，多职能混合的、多功能的，能够解决从市场到产品所有问题，最终向客户交付完整价值的团队；且不是团队去匹配某个特性，⽽是团队能持续实现很多新的特性。

Chapter 11.Which of the following statements is true of human capital?a.Human capital is an organization’s tangible asset.b.Motivation to deliver high-quality products and services is a part of human capital.c.It is easy to imitate or purchase an organization’s human capital.d.Human capital is standardized throughout all companies.rmal learning:a.is developed and organized by a company.b.is not required for the development of human capital.c.cannot be controlled by the employees.d.leads to the effective development of tacit knowledge.3.Which of the following statements is true of human capital?A.Human capital is an organization’s tangible asset.B.Motivation to deliver high-quality products and services is a part of human capital.C.It is easy to imitate or purchase an organization’s human capital.D.Human capital is standardized throughout all companies.rmal learning:A.is developed and organized by a company.B.is not required for the development of human capital.C.cannot be controlled by the employees.D.leads to the effective development of tacit knowledge.5.Which of the following is true of tacit knowledge?A.It is easily codified and transferred from person-to-person.B.Formulas and definitions are examples of tacit knowledge.C.Formal training and development programs limit the extent to which tacit knowledge can be acquired.D.It cannot be shared through employee personal interactions with peers, colleagues, and experts.6.A(n) _____ is an example of tacit knowledge.A.employee’s experienceB.business processC.flowchartD.formula7._____ refers to a systematic approach for developing training programs.A.Total quality managementB.Continuous learningC.Training design processD.Orientation training program8.The fifth step in the training design process is to develop an evaluation plan that involves identifying:A.an appropriate training method.B.the requirements for training.C.employees with motivation and basic skills.D.the types of outcomes training is expected to influence.9.Which of the following steps of the training design process involves person and task analysis?A.Ensuring transfer of trainingB.Developing an evaluation planC.Conducting needs assessmentD.Monitoring and evaluating the program10.The ADDIE model is most closely associated with:A.employee recruitment and selection.B.employee training and development.C.diversity management.D.quality management.11.Which of the following training programs is mandated by law?A.Orientation training programB.Leadership development programC.Safety training programD.Cross-culture training program12._____ refers to the process of moving jobs from the United States to other locations in the world.A.InpatriationB.Job rotationC.OffshoringD.Insourcing13.Which of the following is an example of human capital?A.Corporate cultureB.PatentC.Customer loyaltyD.Work-related competence14._____ capital refers to the sum of the attributes, life experiences, knowledge, inventiveness, energy, and enthusiasm that the company’s employees invest in their work.A.IntellectualB.HumanC.CustomerD.Social15.Which of the following statements is true of Millennials?A.They are also known as Generation X or Baby Boomers.B.They grew up during a time when the divorce rate doubled, the number of women working outside the home increased, and the personal computer was invented.C.They are often considered to be workaholics and rigid in conforming to rules.D.They are believed to have high levels of self-esteem, to the point of narcissismsometimes.16._____ is a companywide effort to continuously improve the ways people, machines, and systems accomplish work.A.Stakeholder managementB.Diversity managementC.Total quality managementD.Talent management17.The core value of _____ is the prevention of the occurrence of errors in a product or service rather than detection and correction.A.ISDB.ADDIEC.PERTD.TQM18._____ involves highly trained employees known as Champions, Master Black Belts, Black Belts, and Green Belts.A.Six SigmaB.Lean manufacturingC.Instructional System DesignD.Just-in-time19._____ refer to teams that are separated by time, geographic distance, culture, and/or organizational boundaries and that rely almost exclusively on technology to interact and complete their projects.A.Quality circlesB.Virtual teamsC.Six Sigma teamsD.Ad hoc teams20.The ASTD competency model:A.is designed to help sales associates make more personal connections with shoppers.B.describes companywide effort to continuously improve the ways people, machines, and systems accomplish work.C.describes what it takes for an individual to be successful in the training and development field.D.is a framework to analyze competition in an industry and formulate a business strategy.21.According to the ASTD competency model, a business partner:A.determines how workplace learning can be best used to help meet the company’s business strategy.B.plans and monitors the effective delivery of learning and performance solutions to support the business.C.designs, delivers, and evaluates learning and performance solutions.es industry knowledge to create training that improves performance.22.In the ASTD competency model, the _____ plans, obtains, and monitors theeffective delivery of learning and performance solutions to support the business.A.project managerB.learning strategistC.business partnerD.knowledge worker23.Training and development activities in a company are said to be outsourced when they are provided by _____.A.in-house consultantspany managerspany trainersernment organizations24.Team building, conflict avoidance, and change management are typically specialized by_____ professionals.A.talent managementanizational developmentC.quality managementrmal learning25.Which of the following statements is true of training?A.The reporting relationship between human resource management and the training function is standard across companies.B.Including training as part of the human resource function allows the training function to be decentralized to better respond to unique needs in different business units.anizational development professionals are seldom responsible for training.D.For training and development to succeed, employees, managers, training professionals, and top managers all have to take ownership.二.判断题（共20题,40.0分）panies cannot gain a competitive advantage solely through their human resource management practices.T2.Training differs from development in that training tends to be more future-focused than development.F3.Tacit knowledge tends to be the primary focus of formal training and employee development.Frmal learning cannot replace formal training and employee development.T5.There is not one universally accepted instructional systems development model.T6.Training design processes should be rigid and not flexible.F7.Due to globalization, the supply for talented employees exceeds the demand.F8.In a learning organization, improvements in product or service quality stop when formal training is completed.F9.Treating employees differently based on their age, such as only inviting younger employees to attend training or development programs, can result in adverse legal consequences.T10.ISO standards are involuntary.F11.Social networking facilitates decentralized decision making.T12.Quality circles refer to teams that are separated by time, geographic distance, culture, and/or organizational boundaries and that rely almost exclusively on technology to interact and complete their projects.F13.The least amount of learning content in companies concerns basic skills.T14.Training department managers are involved to a greater extent in the project manager role than are specialists who hold other jobs.Fpanies separate training from the human resource function because it allows the training function to be decentralized.T16.The reporting relationship between human resource management and the training function is standardized across companies.F17.Training and development courses are found in psychology departments at colleges and universities.T18.When training is provided by consulting firms and government organizations, it is said to be outsourced.T19.According to the ASTD competency model, foundational competencies are used to a different extent in each role or specialization by training and development professionals.Tanizational development professionals in a company primarily focus on identifying the top talent in the company.F简答题1.List and explain the number of different ways that learning occurs in a company. There are a number of different ways that learning occurs in a company.Formal training and development refers to training and development programs, courses, and events that are developed and organized by the company. Typically,employees are required to attend or complete these programs, which can include face-to-face training programs (such as instructor-led courses) as well as online programs.Informal learning is also important for facilitating the development of human capital. Informal learning refers to learning that is learner initiated, involves action and doing, is motivated by an intent to develop, and does not occur in a formal learning setting. Informal learning occurs without a trainer or instructor, and its breadth, depth, and timing is controlled by the employee. It occurs on an as-needed basis and may involve an employee learning either alone or through face-to-face or technology-aided social interactions.Knowledge management refers to the process of enhancing company performance by designing and implementing tools, processes, systems, structures, and cultures to improve the creation, sharing, and use of knowledge. Knowledge management contributes to informal learning.2.List and describe the four major forces influencing the workplace and learning. Globalization, talent management, new technology, increased value placed on intangible assets and human capital are the forces affecting the work place and learning.▪The value of intangible assets and human capital has three important implications:a. A focus on knowledge workerb.Employee engagementc.An increased emphasis on adapting to change and continuous learning▪Talent management refers to the systematic, planned, and strategic effort by a company to use bundles of human resource management practices, including acquiring and assessing employees, learning and development, performance management, and compensation to attract, retain, develop, and motivate highly skilled employees and managers.▪According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, five generations (generation Z, generation Y, generation X, baby boomers, and traditionalists) will participate in the workforce in 2012, each one with unique and similar characteristics to the others. To successfully manage a diverse work force, managers and employees must be trained in a new set of skills.▪Advances in sophisticated technology along with reduced costs for the technology are changing the delivery of training, making training more realistic, and giving employees the opportunity to choose where and when they will work.Technology also allows companies greater use of alternative work arrangements. A key training issue with alternative work arrangements is to prepare managers and employees to coordinate their efforts so such work arrangements do not interfere with customer service or product quality.3.What are the four intangible assets that can be most directly influenced by training and development?Intangible assets consist of human capital, customer capital, social capital, and intellectual capital. Intangible assets have been shown to be responsible for a company’s competitive advantage. Training and development can help a company’s competitiveness by directly increasing the company’s value through contributing to intangible assets. Intangible assets are equally as valuable as financial and physical assets, but they are not something that can be touched and they are nonmonetary. Intangible assets have been shown to be responsible for a company’s competitive advantage.4.Discuss the core values of TQM.▪Improve product quality▪Improve product design▪Accelerated production process▪Boost staff morale and enhance quality awareness▪Improve after-sales service of products▪Increase market acceptance▪Reduce the cost of operating quality▪Reduce operating losses▪Reduce site maintenance cost▪Reduction of liability accidents5.What are the roles that training and development professionals can take according to the ASTD competency model?Each job held by a trainer (instructional designer, technical trainer, or needs analyst) has specific roles or functions.Roles is the top tier or execution level of the model. Roles are not the same as job titles-they are much more fluid depending on the work or project, and can best be defined as the broad area of responsibility within the profession that requires a select group of foundational competencies (bottom tier) and select group of AOEs (second tier) to successfully execute. There are four defined roles in the model:1 Learning strategist2 Business partner3 Project manager4 Professional specialist。