大学英语四六级翻译语法精要：比较级和最高级、名词性从句Ⅷ比较级和最高级无比较级和最高级的形容词及副词: complete, perfect, utter, etc比较从句as…as, almost/just/nearly as…as, not so/as …as:We’ll give you as much help as we can.I haven’t made as much progress as I should.We’ve produced twice as much cotton this year as we did ten years ago.My command of English is not half so (as) good as yours.than, so much/a lot more than, no more… than, not more…than, less than more…than, less…than可表示“与其说…不如说…”:He is more good than bad.He was less hurt than frightened.The present crisis in capitalist countries is much more a political than an economic crisis.“no + 形容词或副词比较级 + than”所表示的可以是该形容词或副词的相反的含义:no rich than = as poor asno bigger than = as small asno later than = as early asJohn is no better than Tom.I have taken no more than six courses this semester.the more… the more (越是…就越…)Actually, the busier he is, the happier he feels.The more they talked, the more encouraged they felt.more of a, as much of a, less of a, etc: 当as much of a…as, more/less of a …than等结构与单数可数名词搭配时, 名词只能置于比较结构中间.He is more of a sportsman than his brother.Ⅸ名词性从句: 名词性从句包括主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句.主语从句有三类:由what等代词引导的主语从句: what表示“…所…的(东西)”, 在结构上等于一个名词加一个定语从句; whatever表示“所…的一切”; whoever表示“一切…的人”.What you need is more practiceWhat is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.Whatever I have is at your service.Whoever comes will be welcome.Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder.由连词that引起的主语从句: 这类主语从句在大多数情况下都放到句子后部去, 而用代词it做形式上的主语:That we need more equipment is quite obvious.It is impossible that I may not able to come.It doesn’t seem likely that she will be here.在口语中连词that有时可以省略掉:It’s good you’re so considerate.It’s a pity you missed such a fine talk.由连接代词或连接副词(或whether)引起的主语从句: 这类主语从句, 也可以放到句子后部去, 前面用it做形式上的主语.When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.Whether he will join us won’t make too much difference.It won’t make too much difference whether he will join us.2宾语从句: 和主语从句及表语从句一样, 宾语从句也有以上三类.a) 连接代词或副词引导的从句只是在某些动词后能用作宾语.Tell me what you want.I just can’t imagine how he could have done such a thing.Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate.能跟这类宾语从句的常见动词有: see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discover, discuss, understand, inform, advise等. 这种动词后也常用whether或if引导的从与作宾语:I don’t know whether these figure are accurate.I’m wondering if the letter is overweight.这种从句有时前面可以有另一个宾语:Has she informed you when they are to hold the meeting?Please advise me which book I should read first.有时这种从句也可用作及词的宾语:Whether that is a good solution depends on how you look at it.He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.I was curious as to what he would say next.b) 用that引导的从句作宾语的情形最为普遍, 在很多动词如boast, say, think, insist, wish, hope, suppose, see, believe, agree, acknowledge, admit, deny, expect, explain, confess, order, command, suspect, dream, suggest, propose, know, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, report, urge, 以及doubt的否定和疑问式后面都可以用它.Ⅹ情态动词:may/might表示允许和可能:允许: 询问或说明一件事可不可以做.May I trouble you with a question?You may take this seat if you like.He asked if he might glance through my album.You might as well speak your mind. (比may…显得婉转一些)可能: 表示一件事或许发生(或是某种情况可能会存在).You may walk ten miles without seeing a house.She was afraid they might not like the idea.A bad thing might be turned to good account.might 表示请求:Might I ask for a photograph of your baby? (比May I …更客气一些)can’t, couldn’t表示否定的推测:She can’t be serious.A more suitable book can’t be found. (It is not possible to find a more suitable book.)He couldn’t (can’t) be over fifty.should, ought to: 表示应该做的事, ought to比should口气稍重一些.You should (ought to) do as he says.You shouldn’t (oughtn’t to) talk like that.但这两者间也有一些差别, 在表示责任, 义务等该做的事情时, 常用ought to, 在表示某件事宜于做时, 多用should, 在下面的句子中这两个词就不宜换用:You are his father. You ought to take care of him.We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech.will, wouldshall, should表示意愿情态动词后接进行式, 完成式和完成进行式:情态动词可以和动词的进行式构成谓语, 表示”应该正在…”, “想必正在…”这类意思: Why should we be sitting here doing nothing?This isn’t what I ought to be doing.She might still be thinking about the question you raised.They must (may) be waiting for us, let’s hurry up.They can’t be using the room now.情态动词有时和动词的完成形式构成谓语, 表示”应当已经…”, “想必已经…”这类意思:I should have thought of that.They shouldn’t have left so soon.She must have arrived by now.You needn’t have told them that.Where can (could) he have gone?He can’t have finished the work so soon.He may not have achieved all his aims. But his effort is praise-worthy.We ought to have give you more help.情态动词间或也可以和一个动词的完成进行式构成谓语,表示”应当一直在…”, “想必一直在…”这类意思:They are sweating all over. They must have been working in the fields.They may have been discussing the problem this morning.You should have been waiting for us. Why haven’t you?She couldn’t have been swimming all day.翻译预测1.Out of my expectation, _____________________________________.(经济危机给我的企业造成了如此巨大的冲击)2.Only through these measures, _______________________________.(我们能够赢得这场战斗)3.___________________(为了重建我们新的家园), we are hand in hand.4.Due to his negative behavior, ________________________________.(他总被视作团队中最不稳定的因素)5.______________________________________(如果你更早的意识到这个问题的严重性),you would not have been so regretful.。
