应用型大学英语第四册unit2 参考译文

谢谢您带给我们多年来最畅快的欢笑1 最近一个周末，有位女士在大西洋城玩老虎机，赢了满满一桶二十五美分的硬币。

她暂时离开赌博机，与丈夫前往旅馆餐厅吃晚饭。

2 不过，她想先去客房把硬币藏起来。

“我去一会儿就回来，然后我们再去吃饭。

”她对她的丈夫说道，之后，便提着满满一桶硬币朝电梯走去。

3 她正要走进电梯时，看到电梯里已经有两位男乘客。

两位都是黑人，其中一位个头很高，体型令人望而生畏。

这位女士一下子愣住了。

她的第一反应是：“这两个男人会打劫我。

”她转而又想：“不要戴着‘有色眼镜’看人；他们看上去完全像是绅士。

”然而，种族偏见的力量是强大的，恐惧使她浑身发凉。

她定在那里，眼睛紧盯着眼前两位男子。

4 她开始焦虑，心神不定，又感到不好意思。

她希望他们没有看出她的心思，但是，天啊，他们肯定已经知道她在琢磨什么了！5 要不要进去和他们同乘一部电梯？她迟疑不决的态度已经太过明显了。

她涨得满脸通红。

老站着不动也无济于事，于是她横下心来，抬起一只脚往前挪，接着另一只脚也跟了进来，站在电梯内。

她不敢抬眼，僵直地转过身，脸朝外，这时，电梯门合上了。

时间一秒一秒地过去。

她越来越害怕！电梯纹丝不动。

她陷入了恐惧的深渊。

“我的天啊，”她暗忖，“我被困在这里，要遭人劫财！”她的心往下沉，每个毛孔都在冒汗水。

6 这时，她听到其中一个人说：“趴下（与“按下楼层”同音）。

”她的本能反应就是照着他们的话做。

于是她张开双臂，趴在了电梯地板上，满桶的硬币飞向空中，洒了出去。

硬币如雨点般落在了她的身上。

她在心里默祷：“把钱拿去吧，饶我一命。

”又过了几秒钟，她听到其中一位男子彬彬有礼地说：“夫人，您只要告诉我您要去几楼，我们来按按钮。

”说这话的人有点费力才把话说完，尽力忍住没有放声大笑。

7 这位女士抬起头望着这两位男乘客。

他们弯下腰，把她搀扶起来。

她满腹疑惑，挣扎着站了起来。

“我叫我这个朋友按楼层，”那位普通个头的男子说，“意思是叫他按我们要去的楼层的按钮。

Unit 2A. The key to the exercisesV ocabulary1.1)expansion 2) automated 3)vapor 4) take control of 5)hazards6)satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched10)in the air 11) got/was stuck in 12) approximately2.1)send out 2)stand up for 3)pass for 4)were closing in on5)starting up 6)went through 7)fill out 8)fall into3.1) incorporates all the latest safety features.2) two trees ten feet apart.3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm.4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a facotry to make the cars.5) are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application; remote; has turned into a reality; are poised to2) that vibrate; can detect; frequency3) lanes; are mounted in; alert a; hazardII. Word FormationClipped words: kilogram; memorandum; gymnasium; liberation; doctor; veterinarian;preparatory; automobile; influenzaBlends: medical care; electronic mail; communications satellite; news broadcast; sky hijack; European dollar; breakfast and lunch; television broadcast;Oxford and CambridgeIII. Usage1.swimming pool;2. drawing board;3. enriched Middle English4. disturbing change;5. fully developed prototype;6. Canned foods;7. working population; 8. puzzling differencesCompreehnsive ExerciseseI.Cloze1. Text-related1) computerized; 2) start up; 3) be poised to; 4) alert5) hazards; 6) monotonous; 7) take control of; 8) steer9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2. Theme-related1)generates; 2)related; 3)revolutionized; 4)enabled 5)opportunities;6)overall; 7)manufacturing; 8)dependent; 9)interact; 10)fatalities II. Translation1.1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in thedistance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor raod conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.B. Supplementary exercises:1.TranslationDirections: put the following passage into English, using the words and phrases given below.1) approximately 2) correlate 3) decrease 4) eliminate5) get stuck 6) highway 7) manufacture 8)pollution交通问题一直是城市发展过程中一个令人头疼的问题。

新编大学英语2第四册课文翻译Unit 1课内阅读参考译文享受幽默——什么东西令人开怀?1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。

这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。

那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢?2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。

这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。

我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。

这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。

3 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢?显然，有些人对幽默比别人更敏感。

而且，我们也发现有的人很善于讲笑话，而有的人要想说一点有趣的事却要费好大的劲。

我们都听人说过这样的话：“我喜欢笑话，但我讲不好，也总是记不住。

”有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更具有音乐、数学之类的才能一样。

一个真正风趣的人在任何场合都有笑话可讲，而且讲了一个笑话，就会从他记忆里引出一连串的笑话。

一个缺乏幽默感的人不可能成为一群人中最受欢迎的。

一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点。

这么说是有道理的。

4 甚至有些动物也具有幽默感。

我岳母从前经常来我们家，并能住上很长一段时间。

通常她不喜欢狗，但却很喜欢布利茨恩——我们养过的一条拉布拉多母猎犬。

而且，她们的这种好感是相互的。

布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母。

当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时，布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室，并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去，一直逗得外祖母忍不住站起来去拿那只拖鞋。

外祖母从椅子上一起来，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那椅子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上了我的当。

”5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。

第一部分是铺垫(即背景)，接下来是主干部分(即故事情节)，随后便是妙语(即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾)。

你知道新视野⼤学英语4：Unit2 TextA都讲哪些内容吗?下⾯是yjbys⼩编为⼤家带来的新视野⼤学英语4：Unit2 TextA(课⽂+译⽂)，欢迎阅读。

The confusing pursuit of beauty 对美丽的追求 1.If you're a man, at some point a woman will ask you how she looks. 2.You must be careful how you answer this question. The best technique is to from an honest yet sensitive response, then promptly excuse yourself for some kind of emergency. Trust me, this is the easiest way out. No amount of rehearsal will help you come up with the right answer. 1.如果你是⼀位男⼠，肯定在某个时候会有⼥⼠问你她看起来怎么样。

2.对于如何应对这个问题，你⼀定得⼩⼼。

最好的对策是给你个诚实但⼜谨慎的回答。

然后借⼝有急事马上脱⾝。

相信我，这是最简单的⽅法，对于她的这⼀问题，⽆论你事先练习多少次，都不会找到正确答案。

3.He problem is that men do not think of themselves in seventh grade and stick to it for the rest of themselves in seventh grade and stick to it for the rest of their lives. Some men think they're irresistibly desirable, and they refuse to change this opinion even when they grow bald and their faces visibly wrinkle as they age. 3.其原因是，男性和⼥性对外表的看法截然不同，⼤多数男性对⾃⼰的外表在七年级的时候就形成了，⽽且终⽣不变，有些男性认为⾃⼰有不可抗拒的魅⼒，即使随着年龄的增长，他们的头发掉光了，脸上布满皱纹，他们仍然拒绝改变这种看法。

The Population Surprise（出人意料的人口变化）Text 1The Population Surpriseby Max SingerWill the world's population keep increasing as commonly believed? What are the factors that account for its change? Please read the following article and make out its viewpoints.Fifty years from now the world's population will be declining, with no end in sight. Unless people's values change greatly, several centuries from now there could be fewer people living in the entire world than in the United States today. The big surprise of the past twenty years is that in not one country did fertility stop falling when it reached the replacement rate －2.1 children per woman. In Italy, for example, the rate has fallen to 1.2. In Western Europe as a whole and in Japan it is down to 1.5. The evidence now indicates that within fifty years or so world population will peak at about eight billion before starting a fairly rapid decline.Because in the past two centuries world population has increased from one billion to nearly six billion, many people still fear that it will keep “exploding” until there are too many people for the earth to support. But that is like fearing that your baby will grow to 1 000 pounds because its weight doubles three times in its first seven years. World population was growing by two percent a year in the 1960s; the rate is now down to one percent a year, and if the patterns of the past century don't change radically, it will head into negative numbers. This view is coming to be widely accepted among population experts, even as the public continues to focus on the threat of uncontrolled population growth.As long ago as September of 1974 Scientific American published a special issue on population that described what demographers1 had begun calling the “demographic transition” from traditional high rates of birth and death to the low ones of modernsociety. The experts believed that birth and death rates would be more or less equal in the future, as they had been in the past, keeping total population stable after a level of 10-12 billion people was reached during the transition.Developments over the past twenty years show that the experts were right in thinking that population won't keep going up forever. They were wrong in thinking that after it stops going up, it will stay level. The experts' assumption that population would stabilize because birth rates would stop falling once they matched the new low death rates has not been borne out by experience. Evidence from more than fifty countries demonstrates what should be unsurprising: in a modern society the death rate doesn't determine the birth rate. If in the long run birth rates worldwide do not conveniently match death rates, then population must either rise or fall, depending on whether birth or death rates are higher. Which can we expect?The rapid increase in population during the past two centuries has been the result of lower death rates, which have produced an increase in worldwide life expectancy2 from about thirty to about sixty-two. (Since the maximum －if we do not change fundamental human physiology －is about eighty-five, the world has already gone three fifths as far as it can in increasing life expectancy.) For a while the result was a young population with more mothers in each generation, and fewer deaths than births. But even during this population explosion the average number of children born to each woman －the fertility rate －has been falling in modernizing societies. The prediction that world population will soon begin to decline is based on almost universal human behavior. In the United States fertility has been falling for 200 years (except for the blip of the Baby Boom3), but partly because of immigration it has stayed only slightly below replacement level for twenty-five years.Obviously, if for many generations the birth rate averages fewer than 2.1 children per woman, population must eventually stop growing. Recently the United Nations Population Division estimated that 44 percent of the world's people live in countries where the fertility rate has already fallen below the replacement rate, and fertility is falling fast almost everywhere else. In Sweden and Italy fertility has been belowreplacement level for so long that the population has become old enough to have more deaths than births. Declines in fertility will eventually increase the average age in the world, and will cause a decline in world population forty to fifty years from now. Because in a modern society the death rate and the fertility rate are largely independent of each other, world population need not be stable. World population can be stable only if fertility rates around the world average out to 2.1 children per woman. But why should they average 2.1, rather than 2.4, or 1.8, or some other number? If there is nothing to keep each country exactly at 2.1, then there is nothing to ensure that the overall average will be exactly 2.1.The point is that the number of children born depends on families' choices about how many children they want to raise. And when a family is deciding whether to have another child, it is usually thinking about things other than the national or the world population. Who would know or care if world population were to drop from, say, 5.85 billion to 5.81 billion? Population change is too slow and remote for people to feel in their lives －even if the total population were to double or halve in only a century. Whether world population is increasing or decreasing doesn't necessarily affect the decisions that determine whether it will increase or decrease in the future. As the systems people would say, there is no feedback loop.What does affect fertility is modernity. In almost every country where people have moved from traditional ways of life to modern ones, they are choosing to have too few children to replace themselves. This is true in Western and in Eastern countries, in Catholic and in secular societies. And it is true in the richest parts of the richest countries. The only exceptions seem to be some small religious communities. We can't be sure what will happen in Muslim countries4, because few of them have become modern yet, but so far it looks as if their fertility rates will respond to modernity as others' have.Nobody can say whether world population will ever dwindle to very low numbers; that depends on what values people hold in the future. After the approaching peak, as long as people continue to prefer saving effort and money by having fewer children, populationwill continue to decline. (This does not imply that the decision to have fewer children is selfish; it may, for example, be motivated by a desire to do more for each child.) Some people may have values significantly different from those of the rest of the world, and therefore different fertility rates. If such people live in a particular country or population group, their values can produce marked changes in the size of that country or group, even as world population changes only slowly. For example, the U.S. population, because of immigration and a fertility rate that is only slightly below replacement level, is likely to grow from 4.5 percent of the world today to 10 percent of a smaller world over the next two or three centuries. Much bigger changes in share are possible for smaller groups if they can maintain their difference from the average for a long period of time. (To illustrate: Korea's population could grow from one percent of the world to 10 percent in a single lifetime if it were to increase by two percent a year while the rest of the world population declined by one percent a year.)World population won't stop declining until human values change. But human values may well change －values, not biological imperatives, are the unfathomable variable in population predictions. It is quite possible that in a century or two or three, when just about the whole world is at least as modern as Western Europe is today, people will start to value children more highly than they do now in modern societies. If they do, and fertility rates start to climb, fertility is no more likely to stop climbing at an average rate of 2.1 children per woman than it was to stop falling at 2.1 on the way down.In only the past twenty years or so world fertility has dropped by 1.5 births per woman. Such a degree of change, were it to occur again, would be enough to turn a long-term increase in world population of one percent a year into a long-term decrease of one percent a year. Presumably fertility could someday increase just as quickly as it has declined in recent decades, although such a rapid change will be less likely once the world has completed the transition to modernity. If fertility rises only to 2.8, just 33 percent over the replacement rate, world population will eventually grow by one percent a year again －doubling in seventy years and multiplying by twenty in only three centuries.The decline in fertility that began in some countries, including the United States, in the past century is taking a long time to reduce world population because when it started, fertility was very much higher than replacement level. In addition, because a preference for fewer children is associated with modern societies, in which high living standards make time valuable and children financially unproductive and expensive to care for and educate, the trend toward lower fertility couldn't spread throughout the world until economic development had spread. But once the whole world has become modern, with fertility everywhere in the neighborhood of replacement level, new social values might spread worldwide in a few decades. Fashions in families might keep changing, so that world fertility bounced above and below replacement rate. If each bounce took only a few decades or generations, world population would stay within a reasonable narrow range －although probably with a long-term trend in one direction or the other.The values that influence decisions about having children seem, however, to change slowly and to be very widespread. If the average fertility rate were to take a long time to move from well below to well above replacement rate and back again, trends in world population could go a long way before they reversed themselves. The result would be big swings in world population －perhaps down to one or two billion and then up to 20 to 40 billion.Whether population swings are short and narrow or long and wide, the average level of world population after several cycles will probably have either an upward or a downward trend overall. Just as averaging across the globe need not result in exactly 2.1 children per woman, averaging across the centuries need not result in zero growth rather than a slowly increasing or slowly decreasing world population. But the long-term trend is less important than the effects of the peaks and troughs5 . The troughs could be so low that human beings become fewer than they were in ancient times. The peaks might cause harm from some kinds of shortages.One implication is that not even very large losses from disease or war can affect the world population in the long run nearly as much as changes in human values do. What we have learned from the dramatic changes of the past few centuries is that regardless ofthe size of the world population at any time, people's personal decisions about how many children they want can make the world population go anywhere －to zero or to 100 billion or more.(1916words)课文一出人意料的人口变化马克斯·辛格世界人口会象人们通常认为的那样持续增长吗？造成人口变化的因素是什么？请阅读下面的文章，并弄清其观点。