2019年高考英语真题及部分模拟题分类汇编1【词类与短语辨析题】附答案解析

2019年高考英语真题及部分模拟题分类汇编1【词类与短语辨析题】附答案解析

1 / 6 年高考英语真题及部分模拟题分类汇编

【词类与短语辨析题】

一、 2019 年高考真题

1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food

and scenery.

A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension

【答案】 A

【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority 优

先；优先权； B. potential 潜在的，可能的； C. proportion 比例，占比； D. pension 退休金，抚恤金。故选

A 。

2.【 2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 27.Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional

development.

A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape

【答案】 A

【解析】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect 实际

上； B. in command 指挥； C. in turn 轮流，依次； D. in shape 在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A 。

3【. 2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 28.Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ___________

options

to exercise.

A. casualB. regularC. flexibleD. tight

【答案】 C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app 软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选

项。 A. casual 偶然的，随便的； B. regular 定期的，有规律的； C. flexible 灵活的； D. tight 紧的，密封的。

故选 C。

4.【 2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's

intelligence and creativity.

A. resemblingB. reflectingC. reviewingD. restoring

【答案】 B

【解析】考查动词辨析。 句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物， 反映了人的智慧和创造力。 resembling

像； reflecting 反映； reviewing 回顾； restoring 恢复，根据题意，故选 B。

5.【 2019·天津卷·单项填空】 3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are

happier than _________who are not.

A. OnesB. those C. These D. them

【答案】 B

【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空

格处代词与 the students是对应关系，可以用 the ones或者 those 替代。“ them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不能与 the students形成对应关系。“ these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选 B。12019年高考英语真题及部分模拟题分类汇编1【词类与短语辨析题】附答案解析

2 / 6 6.【 2019·天津卷·单项填空】 7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n)

___________on our lives in many ways.

A. Statement B. impact C. Impression D. judgment

【答案】 B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈

的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”；impression “印象，感想”；

judgement“判断力判断”。故选 B。

7.【 2019·天津卷·单项填空】 9.Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________

what he was saying.

A. set aside B . take back C. make out D. keep off

【答案】 C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set

aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”； make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选 C。

8.【 2019·新课标 I 卷·语法填空】 It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the

range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000

polar bears worldwide.

【答案】 poorly

【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly 修饰谓语动词has been studied，

意为“研究很少”。故填poorly 。

9.【 2019·新课标 I 卷·语法填空】 Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been

employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.

【答案】 of/for

【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations 作 Modern methods 的定语，用of 连接，

“ methods of doing sth. 意为“ ”,的方法 ”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法 ”用 for。

故填 of/for 。

9.【 2019·新课标 I 卷·语法填空】 Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be

congregating(聚集 ) around human settlements, leading to the illusion( 错觉 ) that populations are ___68___

(high) than they actually are.

【答案】 of/for

【解析】考查形容词比较级。 根据其后 than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填 higher。

10.【 2019·新课标 I 卷·语法填空】 Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are

declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

【答案】 the

【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的 19 个北极熊亚种群中”，故填 the 。

11【 2019·新课标 I 卷·短文改错】 Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.22019年高考英语真题及部分模拟题分类汇编1【词类与短语辨析题】附答案解析

3 / 6 【答案】 Suddenlyfootball fell just in front of mebutalmost hit me.

aand

【解析】考查冠词。名词 football 为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。 这里 football 第一次出现，故在 football

前加 a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来 ”与“打到我 ”两个动

作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but 改为 and。

12.【2019·新课标 II 卷·语法填空】 Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a

customer nominated(提名 )her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.

【答案】 finally

【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been

acknowledged ，意为“最终得以认可 ”，故填 finally 。

13.【2019·新课标 II 卷· 语法填空】 I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing

my family and all the friends I have made_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to,___67___

because I want to.”

【答案】 but

【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用 but 与前文 not 呼应，构成“不是 而是 ”之意，故填 but。

14.【2019·新课标 II 卷·短文改错】 Since I was a kid, ’I ve considered differentjob I would like to do. First,

I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be

a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.

【答案】

Since I was a kid, I ’ ve considered different （ 1）

job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman,

jobs

whose uniform looked so （ 2） coolly . Then, when I was in the （3） five grade, I wanted to be a teacher