英语语法易错点
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英语语法易错点
语法可以说是不少同学的心头痛,今天小编就为大家整理了英语语法易错
点,内容较长,小编在这里整理了相关资料,希望能帮助到您。
引导定语从句的关系代词有 that,which,who(宾格 whom),所有格 whose)
和关系副词 where when why 等,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个
成分,关系代词 that,which,who,whom 等在从句中分别作主语或宾语,whose
在从句中作定语,而关系副词 when,where,why 等在从句中作状语。 如:
①I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together.
②I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.
解析:在句①中,表示时间的名词 the days 在从句中充当的是状语,所以
用关系副词 when 来代指,引导定语从句修饰先行词 the days;
而在句②中,表示时间的名词 the days 在从句中充当的是动词 spent 的宾
语,所以用关系代词 that 或 which 来代指。
同样,表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语,则用关系副词where
或 why 来代指;如果在从句中作动词的宾语,则用which 或 that 来代替。 如:
①This is the factory where/in which I worked. (作状语)
②This is the factory that/which I visited years ago. (作宾语)
注:当先行词为 time,reason, place 时,引导词可以省略。如:
①This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss.
②That is the reason (why) I did it.
③This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
另外,定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。如:
①Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.
②He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher. 解析:在句①中,先行词 foreigner 被 only 修饰,强调只有一个,所以从
句中谓语动词用单数形式,而在句②中,who 引导的定语从句修饰先行词
the students,为复数,所以从句谓语动词应为复数。
(一)that 引导的定语从句与同位语从句
定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系,“……的名词” ,而同
位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与 that 从句同位的名词必须是一些表示
事实或概念的抽象名词,如:
fact,news,belief,truth,reply 等。
That 在定语从句中必须作成分,可用which 或 who/whom 代替,而 that 在
同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。如:
①Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this c
oming Christmas.
②Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months
ago.
解析:在句①中,that 引导同位语从句解释说明 promise 的内容,that 不
充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,而在句②中,that 在其引导的定语从句中
作动词 visited 的宾语,对先行词 the chicken farm 起修饰作用。
(二)名词性从句中,关于 it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点
1) 名词性从句作主语或宾语时,为保持句子平衡,常用 it作形式主语或
形式宾语。如:
It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a speech. (形式主语)
We think it possible that you can finish the job today. (形式宾
语)
2)谓语动词 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love,
make 等接由 if 或when 引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语
it. 例如:
I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party. 3)动词 hare, take, hide, punish, put 等,后接由 that 引导的病因从句
式,往往在从句前加形式宾语 it. 例如:
① I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.
② we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time.
4)短语动词 answer for, count on depend on, insist on,
see to 等后接有 that 引导的宾语从句时,必须冠以形式宾语 it. 例如:
① I’m counting on it that you will come. ② She’ll see to it that
he goes ahead. 注:作形式主语和形式宾语时只能用 it.
One 泛指,指代前面提到的那类人或物,用于指代可数名词,相当于 a+名
词单数,其复数形式ones 前一般要有定语,否则就要用 some.
That(those 复数)即可指代不可数名词,表特指,相当于 the+名词,后面
经常与介词修饰语连用。 It 指代上文出现的名词,表示同类同物,另外还可
表示时间、距离、天气、还可指代人称代词,表示性别身份不明,可作形式主
语,形式宾语,引导强调句式以及一些固定搭配,如:
get it, catch it, make it.
例如:① I have lost my watch. I think I must buy one.我丢了只
表,我想我必须再买一只。 (代指上文指到的同类事物,但不指同一个)
② Where is my pen? Have you seen it?
我的钢笔不知弄到哪去了,你见了吗?(代指上文提到的同一事
物) ③ The land of China is larger than that of America.
④ Tome has a red pen and a blue one (或 two blue ones)
⑤ He has no child, and he wants toadopt one (或 some)
I 虚拟语气在 if 引导的条件句中的易错点。
① if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented
me from going.
② if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student
now.
句子①②都是虚拟语气在条件句中的使用,从句中都是假设过去的情况,
所以用过去完成时,但在主句中,句①依然指代过去的情况,谓语动词是
would have done,而②中含有一个表示现在的时间状语now, 这样就必须将其
理解为假设现在的情况,所以谓语动词必须为 would/should/might+动词原
形,学生在这一点上经常会忽略now 的存在,从而按句①的形式填写答案。
Ⅱ虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
1.在 it is important (strange, natural, necessary……)+that 句子
或者 It is decided (ordered,suggested, demanded, advised……)+that 句
子中,主语从句中的谓语动词常用(should)+动词原形结构,表示某事“重
要” 、“必要” 、“被决定”等
例如:
① it is important that everyone (should ) obey the rules all day and
all night.
② it is decided that the meeting (should) be held tomorrow afternoon.
2. suggest, insist 后面指宾语从句时需注意的地方
1)①suggest 当“建议”“提出”讲时,其后宾语从句的谓语动词常用
“should+动词原形” 例如:
He suggested that the work (should) be started at once 他建议立即动
工。
类似的动词还有 insist 坚持,demand 要求,desire 要求、请求,request
请求,require 要求、需要,order 命令,propose 建议,command 命令,ask
要求,advise 建议,prefer 宁愿等。 这些动词变被动语态(如:
It is suggested + that 主语从句)形式后,主语从句谓语动词仍用
“(should)+动词原形” 这些动词变名词(如 suggestion)后,其后的表语从句
和同位语从句中的谓语部分仍用“(should)+动词原形”
②suggest 当“提出(某看法),暗示,启发”讲时,其后宾语从句的动词
不用虚拟语气。 例如:
(1)The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family mem
ber
警察局提出窃贼可能是一名家庭成员。