白肋烟品质规定表

分级因素：指用以衡量烟叶等级质量和内在质量的外观特征，称为分级因素，又称品级因素。

品质因素：指反映烟叶内在质量的外观因素，如成熟度、油分、叶片结构、身份、色度、叶片长度等。

控制因素：指影响烟叶内在质量的外观因素，如残伤、杂色、破损等。

成熟度：指烟叶成熟的程度。

油分：指烟叶组织细胞内含有的一种柔软液体或半液体物质，在烟叶外观上表现为油润、丰满或枯燥的程度。

色度：指烟叶表面颜色的均匀程度、饱和程度和光泽强度，是一个综合的概念。

光泽：光泽是指烟叶表面色彩的明暗程度，即颜色对视觉反应的强弱。

叶片结构：指烟叶细胞排列的疏密程度，以孔度表示。

身份：指烟叶的厚度、细胞密度和单位面积重量的综合状态，以厚度表示。

残伤：指烟叶组织受到破坏，失去成丝强度和坚实性，或杂色透过叶背，使组织受到破坏，基本无使用价值，包括由烟叶成熟度的提高而出现的病斑、焦尖和焦边，以百分数表示。

长度：指叶片主脉基部到叶尖的直线距离。

纯度允差：纯度允差指某一等级允许混有上、下一级烟叶的幅度。

烤烟颜色分组的依据是什么？烤烟分级国家标准中按颜色分为哪些组？颜色的差异反映着不同烟叶的内在质量，不同颜色的烟叶必然具有不同的内在质量特点。

（1）颜色由浅至深、总糖含量逐渐降低；（2）颜色由浅至深、烟碱含量逐渐增加；（3）在青黄至柠檬黄区域内，随颜色的加深香气质由差向好转变，柠檬黄时最佳；（4）在青黄至橘黄区域内，随黄色加深，香气量增加；（5）在青黄至橘黄区域内，随黄色加深，烟叶杂气减少，刺激性变小，浓度变大。

烤烟按基本色深浅划分为：柠檬黄色组、橘黄色组、红棕色组。

烤烟分级标准选用了哪些因素？各划分了哪些档次？分级因素有七个：成熟度、身份、油分、叶片结构、色度、长度、残伤允许度。

成熟度划分为：完熟、成熟、尚熟、欠熟、假熟五个档次。

油分分为多、有、稍有、少四个档次。

叶片结构分为疏松、尚疏松、稍密、紧密四个档次；身份分为中等、稍厚、稍薄、厚、薄。

色度分为浓、强、中、弱、淡五个档次。

42 级烟叶分级国家标准品质因素表组别级别代号成熟度叶片结构身份油分色度长度cm 残伤％1 X1L 成熟疏松稍薄有强40 15柠檬黄L 2 X2L 成熟疏松薄稍有中35 253 X3L 成熟疏松薄稍有弱30 30下 4 X4L 假熟疏松薄少淡25 35 部X1 X1F 成熟疏松稍薄有强40 15橘黄F 2 X2F 成熟疏松稍薄稍有中35 253 X3F 成熟疏松稍薄稍有弱30 304 X4F 假熟疏松薄少淡25 35 1 C1L 成熟疏松中等多浓45 10柠檬黄L2 C2L 成熟疏松中等有强40 153 C3L 成熟疏松稍薄有中35 25中部C4 C4L 成熟疏松稍薄稍有中35 301 C1F 成熟疏松中等多浓45 10 橘黄F2 C2F 成熟疏松中等有强40 153 C3F 成熟疏松中等有中35 254 C4F 成熟疏松稍薄稍有中35 301 B1L 成熟尚疏松中等多浓45 15 柠檬黄L2 B2L 成熟稍密中等有强40 203 B3L 成熟稍密中等稍有中35 304 B4L 成熟稍密稍厚稍有弱30 35上部B橘黄F1 B1F 成熟尚疏松稍厚多浓45 152 B2F 成熟尚疏松稍厚有强40 203 B3F 成熟稍密稍厚有中35 304 B4F 成熟稍密厚稍有弱30 351 B1R 成熟尚疏松稍厚有浓45 15红棕R 2 B2R 成熟稍密稍厚有强40 253 B3R 成熟稍密厚稍有中35 35 完熟叶H1 H1F 完熟疏松中等稍有强40 202 H2F 完熟疏松中等稍有中35 35中下 1 CX1K 尚熟疏松稍薄有——35 20 部CX 2 CX2K 欠熟尚疏松薄少——25 25杂色 1 B1K 尚熟稍密稍厚有——35 20 K上部B 2 B2K 欠熟紧密厚稍有——30 303 B3K 欠熟紧密厚少——25 35光滑叶S 1 S1 欠熟紧密稍薄稍厚有——35 10 2 S2 欠熟紧密——少——30 20下二棚X 2 X2V 尚熟疏松稍薄稍有中35 15 微带中部 C 3 C3V 尚熟疏松中等有强40 10 青v 上部 B2 B2V 尚熟稍密稍厚有强40 103 B3V 尚熟稍密稍厚稍有中35 10尚疏松至稍稍薄1 GY1尚熟有——35 10密稍厚青黄色GY稍薄2 GY2 欠熟稍密至紧密稍有——30 20稍厚。

白肋烟国家标准1 范围本标准规定了白肋烟的分级技术要求、检测方法、检验规则、实物标样、包装、标志与贮运。

本标准适用于生产、调制、经过晾制或复烤而未经发酵的白肋烟。

以文字标准为主，辅以实物标准样品，是分级、收购的依据。

2 规范性引用文件下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。

凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。

凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。

GB／T 8170 数值修约规则YC／T 4 烟叶自由燃烧性的测定YC／T 6 烟叶储存保管方法分组、分级3．1 分组按烟叶着生部位划分为脚叶、下部、中部、上部、顶叶五个部位，部位特征见表l。

颜色由浅至深分为浅红黄、浅红棕、红棕三种颜色，另设杂色，颜色特征见表2。

表1 部位特征表2 颜色特根据烟㈠’的成熟度、身份、叶片结构、。

L面、光泽、颜色强度、宽度、长度、均匀度、损伤度品级要素判定级别。

分为脚叶组二个级；下部组五个级；中部组七个级；上部组六个级；顶叶三个级；顶、上、中下部组杂色各一个级；末级。

共二十八个级。

4 技术要求4.1 品级要素将每一个品级要素划分成不同的程度档次，并与有关的其他因素相应的程度档次相结合，以勾划出各级的质量状态，确定各等级的响应价值。

品质代号为：1－优、２－良、３－一般、４－差。

品级要素几程度见表３。

表３品级要素级程度4.2 品质规定表4 品质规定5 验收规则5.1 定级原则:白肋烟的成熟度、身份、叶面、光泽、颜色强度、宽度、长度、均匀度都达到某级规定，损伤度不超过某级允许时，才能定为某级。

5.2 同部位的烟叶在两种颜色的界线上，则视其身份和其他品质先定色后定级．5.3 苦黄烟叶、死青烟叶、霉烂烟叶、杈烟叶均为不列级5.4 杂色面积规定杂色面积超过20%的烟叶，在杂色组相应部位定级；CK、BK、允许杂色面积不超过30%，XK、TK不超过40%。

烤烟等级划分依据集团公司文件内部编码：（TTT-UUTT-MMYB-URTTY-ITTLTY-目前，烟叶收购在即，如何准确划分烟叶等级，以确保烟叶收购质量。

工作在烟站一线的烟叶技术员们，应当未雨绸缪，结合以往的工作经验，及时掌握新的验级知识，进一步做好今年的烟叶收购工作。

一、烤烟等级标准（共分42级如表所示）二、烟叶外观质量烟叶外观质量，是指人们以感官可以作出判断的外在质量因素。

目前以眼观、手摸、鼻闻等方法，对烟叶外观质量进行感官判断。

判定烟叶外在质量的主要因素有：部位、颜色、成熟度、组织结构、身份、色度、宽度、长度、残伤与破损等。

烟叶部位：不同部位的烟叶质量有明显的差异。

分清部位就把不同性质、不同质量档次的烟叶大体上划分开。

就烤烟五个部位来讲，国内一般认为，上二棚、腰叶质量好，其次为下二棚、顶叶，脚叶最差。

白肋烟以中部叶质量为好。

香料烟以顶部叶质量为好。

烟叶颜色、色度：烟叶颜色是指烟叶调制后烟叶的相关色彩、色泽的状态。

烤烟以桔黄、桔红色烟叶质量最佳；白肋烟烟叶以近红黄、红黄质量为好；香料烟则以桔黄、金黄、深黄为好。

色度系，指烟叶表面颜色的饱和程度、均匀程度和光泽强度。

烤烟色度分为：浓、强、中、弱、淡五个档次。

烟叶成熟度：烟叶成熟度是指烟叶调制后成熟的程度。

是烟叶分级的核心因素。

成熟度好的烤烟烟叶外观：颜色桔黄、桔红，色度浓、组织结构疏松，有明显的成熟斑，燃烧性强，这种烟叶质量好、吸食香气足、吃味醇和。

抽吸时香味芬芳、浓度高，无青、杂怪味。

成熟度差的烟叶，颜色浅淡，且易褪色，有的带青甚至青黄色，组织结构密至紧密，还有的叶面光滑，此种烟叶质量差，吸味不好，有杂气。

成熟度分完熟、成熟、尚熟、假熟五个档次。

烟叶叶片结构：叶片结构是指烟叶发育程度和细胞排列的疏密程度，与部位、成熟度都有密切关系。

部位下松上密，成熟度好的疏松，成熟度差的紧密。

烤烟分疏松、上疏松、稍密、紧密四个档次，以疏松质量为好。

白肋烟分松、疏松、稍疏松、稍密、密五个档次，以稍疏松、疏松质量为好。

41.湖北白肋烟等级质量分析报告汪开保， 王宏伟，吴克松（安徽中烟工业公司芜湖卷烟厂,安徽省芜湖市芜石路135号，241002）摘要：通过对三个试验点7个等级的湖北白肋烟外观质量、感官质量、化学成分、物理指标、工业可用性及其相关性的研究，探求其等级质量特点及其差异规律。

结果表明：湖北白肋烟等级之间质量差距较大，试验点之间差距较小。

在外观等级质量上，整体呈现一定层次；在感官质量的特征香气、烟气强度和细腻程度上，各等级有一定差异；在化学指标上，不同等级差异较大，大多数化学指标较好，烟碱含量明显偏高，总挥发碱偏大，灰分含量高；在物理指标上，叶片厚度稍薄、单位面积重量较轻，但含梗率较低，整体来看，工业可用性较好。

在指标相关性上，白肋烟的总氮、pH值、蛋白质氮/总氮、总糖、叶片厚度、单位面积重量等指标与感官质量多项指标密切相关，且相关系数达到显著或极显著水平；叶片厚度、单位面积重量、平衡含水率与多项化学指标密切相关。

关键词：白肋烟；等级；质量；统计分析Analysis Report in Grade Quality of burley tobacco from HubeiWang Kai-bao Wang Hong-wei Wu Ke-song(Wuhu Cigarette Factory, Wuhu ,241002,Anhui,China)Abstract: In order to find quality characteristic and difference, Appearance,sensory,chemical composition,physical performance, usability and relativity of burley tobacco planting in Hu Bei were studied .The results indicated that:Difference in variant grade was remarkable other than tobacco from different area.Appearance as a whole vary clearly .Charaterristic aroma,smoke intensity and smooth differentiate from each parison with burley tobacco from American,content of nicotine and total volatile alkaloid and ash are higher.Concern with phsical index,thickness of lamina was litter thinner,weight of unit area was lighter,content of stem was lower.As a whole ,usability in industry was good.With regard to relation in all index,it is related to sensory quality that included total nitrogen,pH,protein nitrogen/total nitrogen,total sugar,weight per area.Correlation coefficient is prominent.Furthermore,lamina thickness,weight per area, balanced tobacco moisture content were related to various chemical constituents closely.Keywords:burley tobacco; grade; quality; statistics analysis白肋烟的质量直接影响混合型卷烟产品的质量。

United StatesDepartment ofAgricultureAgriculturalMarketingServiceTobaccoDivisionOfficial Standard Grades,Burley TobaccoU.S. Type 31 and ForeignType 93Effective date (November 5, 1990)Official Standard Grades for Burley Tobacco(U.S. Type 31 and Foreign Type 93)Effective November 5, 1990 (55 F.R. 40645)Title 7, Chapter 1, Part 29Issued under authority ofThe Tobacco Inspection Act(49 Stat. 731; 7 U.S.C. 511)Washington, DC November 1990Official Standard Grades for Burley Tobacco(U.S. Type 31 and Foreign Type 93)DEFINITIONSDefinitions. As used in these standards, the words and phrases hereinafter defined shall have the indicated meanings so assigned.Air-cured. Tobacco cured under natural atmospheric conditions. Artificial heat is sometimes used to control excess humidity during the curing period to prevent house-burn and barn-burn in damp weather. Air-cured tobacco should not carry the odor of smoke or fumes resulting from the application of artificial heat.Air-dried. The condition of unfermented tobacco as customarily prepared for storage under natural atmospheric conditions.Body. The thickness and density of a leaf or the weight per unit of surface. (See Elements of quality .)Burley, Type 31. That type of air-cured tobacco, commonly known as Burley, produced principally in Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia, and Missouri.Burley, Type 93. That type of air-cured tobacco commonly known as Foreign-grown Burley, produced in countries other than the United States.Buff color (L). A light yellow slightly shaded toward red.Class. A major division of tobacco based on method of cure or principal usage.Clean. Tobacco is described as clean when it contains only a normal amount of sand or soil particles. Leaves grown on the lower portion of the stalk normally contain more dirt or sand than those from higher stalk positions. (See Rule 20.)Color. The third factor of a grade, based on the relative hues, saturations or chroma, and color values common to the type.Color intensity. The varying degree of saturation or chroma. Color intensity as applied to tobacco describes the strength or weakness of a specific color or hue. It is applicable to all colors except variegated. Color intensity is reversed in its application to grades of greenish and green tobaccos and is omitted from these grade specifications. (See Elements of quality.)Color symbols. As applied to Burley, single color symbols are as follows: L -- buff, F -- tan, R --red, D -- dark red, K -- variegated, M -- mixed color, V -- greenish, and G -- green.Combination color symbols. As applied to Burley, combination color symbols are as follows: FL -- tannish buff, FR -- tannish red, VF -- greenish tan, VR -- greenish red, GF -- green tan, and GR -- green red. (See rules 17 and 18.)Condition. The state of tobacco which results from the method of preparation or from the degree of fermentation. Words used to describe the condition of tobacco are as follows: undried,air-dried, steam-dried, sweating, sweated, and aged. Burley is air-dried or steam-dried for storage and aging.Crude. A subdegree of maturity. Crude leaves are usually hard and slick as a result of extreme immaturity. A similar condition may result from sunburn or sunscald. Any leaf which is crude to the extent of 20 percent of its leaf surface may be described as crude. (See Rule 19.)Cured. Tobacco dried of its sap by either natural or artificial processes.Damage. The effect of mold, must, rot, black rot, or other fungous or bacterial diseases which attack tobacco in its cured state. Tobacco having the odor of mold, must, or rot is considered damaged. (See Rule 23.)Dark red color (D). A dark reddish brown.Dirty. The state of tobacco containing an abnormal amount of dirt or sand, or tobacco to which additional quantities of dirt or sand have been added. (See Rule 23.)Elements of quality. Elements of quality and the degrees used in the specifications of the official standard grades of Burley, Types 31 and 93, are shown in the elements of quality chart. Words have been selected to describe the degrees of each element. Some of the words are almost synonymous in their meaning, yet, they are sufficiently different to represent steps within the range of the elements of quality to which they are applied.Fiber. The term applied to the veins in a tobacco leaf. The large central vein is called the midrib or stem. The smaller lateral and cross veins are considered from the standpoint of size and color and in some types are treated as elements of quality. In Burley, fiber size and color are not of great importance, except where a fine distinction must be made between several lots of high quality or between sides of the same lot.Finish. The reflectance factor in color perception. Finish indicates the sheen or shine of the surface of a tobacco leaf. Descriptive terms range from bright to dingy. (See Elements of quality.)Foreign matter. Any extraneous substance or material such as stalks, suckers, straw, strings, rubber bands, etc . Abnormal amounts of dirt or sand also are included. (See Rule 23.)Form. The stage of preparation of tobacco such as unstemmed or stemmed.General color. The color of tobacco considered in relation to the type as a whole. General color is distinguished from the restricted use of the term “color” within a group. It is basically related to body and other overall characteristics of the type.General quality. The quality of tobacco considered in relation to the type as a whole. General quality is distinguished from the restricted use of the term “quality” within a group.Grade. A subdivision of a type according to group, quality, and color.Grademark. A grademark normally consists of three symbols which indicate group, quality, and color. A letter is used to indicate group, a number to indicate quality, and a letter or letters to indicate color. For example, C2F means Lugs, second quality, and tan color.Green (G). A color term applied to immature or crude tobacco. Any leaf which has a green color affecting 20 percent or more of its leaf surface may be described as green. (See Rule 18.)Greenish (V). A color term applied to greenish-tinged tobacco. Any leaf which has a greenish tinge or a pale green color affecting 20 percent or more of its surface may be described as greenish. (See Rule 17.)Group. A division of a type covering closely related grades based on certain characteristics which are related to stalk position or the general quality of the tobacco. Groups in Burley, Types 31 and 93, are as follows: Flyings (X), Lugs or Cutters (C), Leaf (B), Tips (T), Mixed (M), Nondescript (N), and Scrap (S).Injury. Hurt or impairment from any cause except the fungous or bacterial diseases which attack tobacco in its cured state. (See definition of Damage.) Injury to tobacco may be caused by field diseases, insects, or weather conditions; insecticides, fungicides, or cell growth inhibitors; nutritional deficiencies or excesses; or improper fertilizing, harvesting, curing, or handling. Injured tobacco includes dead, burnt, hail-cut, torn, broken, frostbitten, sunburned, sunscalded, scorched, fire-killed, bulk-burnt, steam-burnt, barn-burnt, house-burnt, bleached, bruised, discolored, or deformed leaves; or tobacco affected by wildfire, rust, frog- eye, mosaic, root rot, wilt, black shank, or other diseases. (See Elements of quality and Rule 14.)Leaf. Whole, unstemmed leaf. Leaf, when applied to tobacco in strip form, shall describe the divided unit of a whole leaf.Leaf scrap. A by-product of unstemmed tobacco. Leaf scrap results from handling unstemmed tobacco and consists of loose and tangled whole or broken leaves.Leaf structure. The cell development of a leaf as indicated by its porosity or solidity. (See Elements of quality.)Leaf surface. The smoothness or roughness of the web or lamina of a tobacco leaf. Leaf surface is affected to some extent by the size and shrinkage of the veins or fibers. (See Elements of quality.)Length. The linear measurement of cured tobacco leaves from the butt of the midrib to the extreme tip. Length, as an element of quality, does not apply to tobacco in strip form. (See Elements of quality.)Lot. A pile, basket, bulk, bale or bales, sheet, case hogshead, tierce, package, or other definite package unit.Maturity. The degree of ripeness. Tobacco is mature when it reaches its prime state of development. The extremes are expressed as immature and mellow. (See Elements of quality.)Mixed color (M). Distinctly different colors of the type mingled together. (See Rule 16.)Nested. Any lot of Type 31 tobacco which as has been loaded, packed or arranged to conceal foreign matter or tobacco of inferior grade, quality, or condition. Nested includes: (a) Any lot of tobacco which contains foreign matter, is damaged, injured, or tangled, or contains other inferior tobacco, any of which cannot be readily detected upon inspection because of the way the lot is packed or arranged; (b) Any lot of tobacco which consists of distinctly different grades, qualities or conditions and which is stacked or arranged with the same kinds together so that the tobacco in the lower portions of the lot is distinctly inferior in grade, quality or condition from the tobacco in the top portion of the lot. (See rule 24.)No grade. A designation applied to a lot of tobacco which is classified as offtype, rework, semicured, damaged 20 percent or more, abnormally dirty, contains foreign matter, and/or having an odor foreign to the type. (See rule 23.)No-G-Nested. A designation applied to a lot of Type 31 tobacco which is classified as nested. (See Rule 23.)Offtype. Tobacco of distinctly different characteristics which cannot be classified as Burley, Type 31 or 93. (See Rule 23.)Order (case). The state of tobacco with respect to its moisture content.Oriented. A term applied to Type 31 untied tobacco which denotes the arrangement of leaves in a straight and orderly manner. Oriented includes: (a) any lot of baled tobacco in which the leaves are packed parallel to the length of the bale with the butts to the outside and the tips of the leaves overlapping sufficiently to make a level, solid and uniform package; (b) any lot of sheeted tobacco in which the leaves are arranged in a circular pattern with the butts to the outside.Package. A hogshead, tierce, case, bale, or other securely enclosed parcel or bundle.Packing. A lot of tobacco consisting of a number of packages submitted as one definite unit for sampling or inspection. It is represented to contain the same kind of tobacco and has a common identification number or mark on each package.Pink or pinkish. A color term applied to pink or pinkish tobacco. Any leaf which has a pink or pinkish color affecting 20 percent or more of its leaf surface is considered as mixed color. (See Rule 16.)Quality. A division of a group or the second factor of a grade, based on the relative degree of one or more elements of quality in tobacco.Raw. Freshly harvested tobacco or tobacco as it appears between the time of harvesting and the beginning of the curing process.Red color (R). A brownish red.Rework. Any lot of Type 31 tobacco which needs to be restored or otherwise rearranged to prepare it properly for market, including: (a) tobacco which contains an abnormally large quantity of foreign matter or an unusual number of muddy or extremely dirty leaves which should be removed; (b) tobacco not properly tied in hands, not packed in bales approximately 1 x 2 x 3 feet, not oriented, not packed straight, bales not opened for inspection when chosen by a grader, lots exceeding and average bale weight of 100 pounds, or otherwise not properly prepared for market. (See rule 23.)Semicured. Tobacco in the process of being cured or which is partially but not thoroughly cured. Semicured includes tobacco which contains fat stems, wet butts, swell stems, frozen tobacco, and tobacco having frozen stems or stems that have not been thoroughly dried in the curing process. (See Rule 23.)Side. A certain phase of quality, color, or length as contrasted with some other phase of quality, color, or length; or any peculiar characteristic of tobacco.Sound. Free of damage.Special factor. A symbol or term authorized to be used with specified grades. Tobacco to which a special factor is applied may meet the general specifications but has a peculiar side or characteristic which tends to modify the grade. (See Rule 9.)Steam-dried. The condition of unfermented tobacco as customarily prepared for storage by means of a redrying machine or other steam-conditioning equipment.Stem. The midrib or large central vein of a tobacco leaf.Stemmed. A form of tobacco, including strips and strip scrap, from which the stems or midribs have been removed.Strength (tensile). The stress a tobacco leaf can bear without tearing. Tensile strength is not an important element of quality in Burley tobacco.Strips. The sides of a tobacco leaf from which the stem has been removed; or a lot of tobacco composed of strips.Subgrade. Any grade modified by a special factor symbol.Sweated. The condition of tobacco which has passed through one or more fermentations natural to tobacco packed with a normal percentage of moisture. This condition is sometimes described as aged.Sweating. The condition of tobacco in the process of fermentation.Tan color. A light red-yellow.Tannish-buff (FL). A light red-yellow shaded toward buff.Tannish-red color (FR). A light red shaded toward tan.Tobacco. Tobacco as it appears between the time it is cured and stripped from the stalk, or primed and cured, and the time it enters into the different manufacturing processes. The acts of stemming, threshing and sweating, and conditioning are not regarded as manufacturing processes. Tobacco, as used in these standards, does not include manufactured or semimanufactured products, stems, cuttings, clippings, trimmings, siftings, or dust.Tobacco products. Manufactured tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco, and snuff, which is subject to Internal Revenue tax.Type. A division of a class of tobacco having certain common characteristics and closely related grades. Tobacco which has the same characteristics and corresponding qualities, colors, and lengths is classified as one type, regardless of any factors of historical or geographical nature which cannot be determined by an examination of the tobacco.Undried. The condition of unfermented tobacco which has not been air-dried or steam-dried.Uniformity. An element of quality which describes the consistency of a lot of tobacco as it is prepared for market. Uniformity is expressed in grade specifications as a percentage. The percentage is applicable to group, quality, and color. (See Rule 13.)Unsound (U). Damaged under 20 percent. (See Rule 21.)Unstemmed. A form of tobacco, including whole leaf and leaf scrap, from which the stems or midribs have not been removed.Variegated (K). Any leaf of which 20 percent or more of its surface is yellow, grayish, mottled, or bleached, and does not blend with the normal colors of the type or group and is generally characterized by a lower degree of leaf structure and maturity than tobacco of the corresponding group and quality. (See Rule 15.)Wet (W). Any sound tobacco containing excessive moisture to the extent that it is in an unsafe or doubtful-keeping order. Wet applies to any tobacco which is not damaged but which is likely to damage if treated in the customary manner. (See Rule 22.)Width. The relative breadth of a tobacco leaf expressed in relation to its length. Width as an element of quality, does not apply to tobacco in strip form. (See Elements of quality.)ELEMENTS OF QUALITY AND DEGREE OF EACH ELEMENTBurley Tobacco, Types 31 and 93These standardized words or terms are used to describe tobacco quality and to assist in interpreting grade specifications. Tobacco attributes or characteristics which constitute quality are designated as elements of quality. The range within each element is expressed by the use of words or terms designated as degrees. These several degrees are arranged to show their relative value, but the actual value of each degree varies with type, group, and grade. In each class the first and last degrees represent the full range for the element, and the intermediate degrees show gradual steps between them.ELEMENTS DEGREES1 BODY Tissue Thin Medium Fleshy Heavy2 2 MATURITY Mellow Ripe Mature Underripe Immature3 LEAF STRUCTURE Porous Open Firm Close Solid4 LEAF SURFACE(Smoothness)Smooth Even Wavy Wrinkly Rough5 FINISH Bright Clear Moderate Dull Dingy6 COLOR INTENSITY Deep Strong Moderate Weak Pale7 WIDTH Broad Spready Normal Narrow Stringy8 LENGTH1/1/ 1/1/1/9 UNIFORMITY2/2/ 2/2/2/10 INJURY TOLERANCE2/2/ 2/2/ 2/1/Expressed in inches.2/Expressed in percentage.RULESRules. The application of these official standard grades shall be in accordance with the following rules.Rule 1. Each grade shall be treated as a subdivision of a particular type. When the grade is stated in an inspection certificate, the type also shall be stated.Rule 2. The determination of a grade shall be based upon a thorough examination of a lot of tobacco or of an official sample of the lot.Rule 3. In drawing an official sample from a hogshead or other package of tobacco, three or more breaks shall be made at such points and in such manner as the inspector or sampler may find necessary to determine the kinds of tobacco and the percentage of each kind contained in the lot. One break shall be made not more than six inches from the top of the package and one not more than six inches from the bottom. All breaks shall be made so that the tobacco contained in the center of the package is visible to the sampler. Tobacco shall be drawn from at least three breaks from which a representative sample shall be selected. The sample shall include tobacco of each different group, quality, color, length, and kind found in the lot in proportion to the quantities of each contained in the lot.Rule 4. The grade assigned to any lot of tobacco shall be a true representation of the tobacco at the time of inspection and certification. If, at any time, it is found that a lot of tobacco does not comply with the specifications of the grade previously assigned, it shall not thereafter be represented as such grade.Rule 5. A lot of tobacco on the marginal line between two colors shall be placed in the color with which it best corresponds with respect to body or other associated elements of quality.Rule 6. Any lot of tobacco which meets the specifications of two grades shall be placed in the higher grade. Any lot of tobacco on the marginal line between two grades shall be placed in the lower grade.Rule 7. A lot of tobacco meets the specifications of a grade when it is not lower in any degree of any element of quality than the minimum specifications of such grade.Rule 8. In determining the grade of a lot of tobacco, the lot as a whole shall be considered. Minor irregularities which do not affect over one percent of the tobacco shall be overlooked.Rule 9. Any special factor symbol, approved by the Director of the Tobacco Division of the Agricultural Marketing Service, may be used to show a peculiar side or characteristic of the tobacco which tends to modify the grade.Rule 10. Interpretations, the use of specifications, and the meaning of terms shall be in accordance with determinations or clarifications made by the Chief of the Standards Branchand approved by the Director.Rule 11. The use of any grade may be restricted by the Director during any marketing season, when it is found that the grade is not needed or appears in insufficient volume to justify its use.Rule 12. Any lot, except strip form, of Leaf (B Group) tobacco in which 20 percent or more of its leaves are under 16 inches in length shall be designated as Tips (T Group).Rule 13. Degrees of uniformity shall be expressed in terms of percentages. The percentages shall govern the portion of a lot which must meet the specifications of the grade. The minor portion must be closely related but may be of a different group, quality, and color from the major portion. These percentages shall not affect limitations established by other rules.Rule 14. The application of injury as an element of quality shall be expressed in terms of a percentage of tolerance. The appraisal of injury shall be based upon the percentage of affected leaf surface or the degree of injury. In appraising injury, consideration shall be given to the normal characteristics of the group as related to injury.Rule 15. Any lot of tobacco containing over 20 percent of variegated leaves shall be described as “variegated” and designated by the color symbol “K.”Rule 16. Any lot of tobacco of B, C, or X groups which contains 30 percent or more of pink or pinkish leaves or contains 30 percent or more of a color distinctly different from the major color shall be classified as “mixed” and designated by the color symbol “M.”Rule 17. Any lot of tobacco containing 20 percent or more of greenish leaves, or any lot which contains 20 percent of greenish and green leaves combined, shall be designated by the color symbol “V” in the C group and the combination color symbols “VF” or “VR” in the B and T groups.Rule 18. Any lot of tobacco containing 20 percent or more of green leaves, or any lot which is not crude but contains 20 percent or more of green and crude combined, shall be designated by the color symbol “G” in the X, C, and M groups and the combination color symbol “GF” and “GR” in the B and T groups.Rule 19. Crude leaves shall not be included in any grade of any color except green, green tan, and green red. Any lot containing 20 percent or more of crude leaves shall be designated as Nondescript.Rule 20. All standard grades must be clean.Rule 21. Tobacco damaged under 20 percent but which otherwise meets the specifications ofa grade shall be treated as a subgrade by placing the special factor “U” after the grademark. Tobacco damaged 20 percent or more shall be designated as “No - G.”Rule 22. Sound tobacco that is wet or is doubtful-keeping order but which otherwise meets the specifications of a grade shall be treated as a subgrade by placing the special factor “W” after the grademark. This special factor does not apply to tobacco designated as “No - G.”Rule 23. Tobacco shall be designated as No Grade, using the grademark, “No-G,” when it is dirty, offtype, semicured, needs to be reworked, damaged 20 percent or more, contains foreign matter, or has an odor foreign to the type.Rule 24. Tobacco in Type 31 shall be designated by the grademark “No-G-Nested” when it is nested.Rule 25. Tobacco in strip form which otherwise meets the specifications of a grade shall be treated as a subgrade by placing the special factor “S” preceding the grademark.GRADESFlyings (X Group). This group consists of leaves normally grown at the bottom of the stalk. These leaves are flat and open-faced and have a blunt or oblate tip. Compared with other groups on the stalk, Flyings consist of relatively thin to tissuey leaves which show the highest degree of maturity and the most open leaf structure. Flyings show a material amount of injury characteristic of leaves grown near the ground. (See Rule 14.)Grades Grade Names and SpecificationsX1L Choice Buff Flyings.Tissuey, mellow, open to porous, even, clear finish, strong color intensity, 95 percent uniform, and 5 percent injury tolerance.X2L Fine Buff Flyings.Tissuey, mellow, open to porous, even, moderate finish and color intensity, 90 percent uniform, and 10 percent injury tolerance.X3L Good Buff Flyings.Tissuey, ripe to mellow, open to porous, wavy, dull finish, weak color intensity, 80 percent uniform, and 20 percent injury tolerance.X4L Fair Buff Flyings.Tissuey, mature to ripe, open to porous, wrinkly to wavy, dingy finish, pale color intensity, 70 percent uniform, and 30 percent injury tolerance.X5L Low Buff Flyings.Tissuey, mature to ripe, open to porous, wrinkly, dingy finish, pale color intensity, 60 percent uniform, and 40 percent injury tolerance.X1F Choice Tan Flyings.Thin, mellow, open to porous, even, clear finish, strong color intensity, 95 percent uniform, and 5 percent injury tolerance.X2F Fine Tan Flyings.Thin, mellow, open to porous, even, moderate finish and color intensity, 90 percent uniform, and 10 percent injury tolerance.X3F Good Tan Flyings.Thin, ripe to mellow, open to porous, wavy, dull finish, weak color intensity,80 percent uniform, and 20 percent injury tolerance.X4F Fair Tan Flyings.Thin, mature to ripe, open to porous, wrinkly to wavy, dingy finish, pale color intensity, 70 percent uniform, and 30 percent injury tolerance.X5F Low Tan Flyings.Thin, mature to ripe, open to porous, wrinkly, dingy finish, pale color intensity, 60 percent uniform, and 40 percent injury tolerance.X4M Fair Mixed Color Flyings.Medium to tissuey body, mature to ripe, firm to porous, wrinkly to wavy, dingy finish, pale color intensity, 70 percent uniform, and 30 percent injury tolerance.X5M Low Mixed Color Flyings.Medium to tissuey body, mature to ripe, firm to porous, wrinkly, dingy finish, pale color intensity, 60 percent uniform, and 40 percent injury tolerance.X4G Fair Green Flyings.Medium to tissuey body, immature, firm, wrinkly to wavy, dingy finish, 70 percent uniform, and 30 percent injury tolerance.X5G Low Green Flyings.Medium to tissuey body, immature, firm, wrinkly, dingy finish, 60 percent ` uniform, and 40 percent injury tolerance.Lugs or Cutters (C Group). This group consists of leaves normally grown at the midportion of the stalk. Cured leaves from this stalk position have a tendency to roll, concealing the stem or midrib. Lugs or Cutters have an oblate to rounded tip and are usually thin to medium in body. The leaves are spready in relation to their length and show little or no ground injury.Grades Grade Names and SpecificationsC1L Choice Buff Lugs.Thin, ripe, open, smooth, bright finish, deep color intensity, broad, 20" or over in length, 95 percent uniform and 5 percent injury tolerance.C2L Fine Buff Lugs.Thin, ripe, open, smooth, bright finish, strong color intensity, spready, 20" or over in length, 90 percent uniform, and 10 percent injury tolerance.C3L Good Buff Lugs.Thin, ripe, open, even, clear finish, moderate color intensity, normal width, 18" or over in length, 85 percent uniform, and 15 percent injury tolerance.C4L Fair Buff Lugs.Thin, mature to ripe, firm to open, wavy to even, moderate finish, weak color intensity, narrow to normal width, 80 percent uniform, and 20 percent injurytolerance.C5L Low Buff Lugs.Thin, mature, firm to open, wavy dull finish, pale color intensity, narrow, 70 percent uniform, and 30 percent injury tolerance.C1F Choice Tan Lugs.Medium to thin body, ripe, open, smooth, bright finish, deep color intensity, broad, 20" or over in length, 95 percent uniform, and 5 percent injury tolerance.C2F Fine Tan Lugs.Medium to thin body, ripe, open, smooth, bright finish, strong color intensity, spready, 20" or over in length, 90 percent uniform, and 10 percent injury tolerance.C3F Good Tan Lugs.Medium to thin body, ripe, open, even, clear finish, moderate color intensity, normal width, 18" or over in length, 85 percent uniform, and 15 percent injurytolerance.C4F Fair Tan Lugs.Medium to thin body, mature to ripe, firm to open, wavy to even, moderate finish, weak color intensity, narrow to normal width, 80 percent uniform, and 20 percent injury tolerance.C5F Low Tan Lugs.Medium to thin body, mature, firm to open, wavy, dull finish, pale color intensity, narrow, 70 percent uniform and 30 percent injury tolerance.C3K Good Variegated Lugs.Medium body, ripe, open, even, normal width, 18" or over in length, 85 percent uniform, and 15 percent injury tolerance.C4K Fair Variegated Lugs.Medium body, mature to ripe, firm to open, wavy to even, narrow to normal width, 80 percent uniform, and 20 percent injury tolerance.C5K Low Variegated Lugs.Medium body, mature, close to firm, wavy, narrow, 70 percent uniform, and30 percent injury tolerance.C3M Good Mixed Color Lugs.Medium to tissuey body, mature to ripe, firm to open, even, moderate finish and color intensity, normal width, 18" or over in length, 85 percent uniform, and 15percent injury tolerance.C4M Fair Mixed Color Lugs.Medium to tissuey body, mature to ripe, firm to open, wavy to even, dull finish, weak color intensity, narrow to normal width, 80 percent uniform, and 20 percent injury tolerance.。

第二部分烟叶分级一、填空31、香料烟分组按烟叶部位划分为（上、中、下）三个组。

32、香料烟品质因素有部位、长度、颜色、组织结构、光泽、身份、（油分）七项。

33、现行香料烟分级标准下部叶组的等级代号为（A3、B3、K3）。

34、白肋烟分级按烟叶（部位）划分为二个组。

35、白肋烟品质因素有成熟度、身份、（烟片结构）、叶面、颜色、光泽、长度七项。

36、现行白肋烟分级标准上部叶的等级代号为B1、B2、（B3、B4、B5）。

37、白肋烟控制因素有（长度）和损伤度。

38、白肋烟损伤度是指损伤、（杂色）、残伤损害烟叶的程度。

39、完熟的白肋烟产生的部位为（下部）。

40、香料烟上部叶脉相为（细、显露）。

41、香料烟控制因素有（叶片完整度）和杂色与残伤。

42、现行香料烟分级标准中共分（10）级。

43、香料烟烟叶椭圆度系数是指叶片长度和（中心距）的比率，以n表示。

44、烟叶自由燃烧性是指在自由燃烧的条件下，烟叶点燃后（持续燃烧）的能力。

45、香料烟分级别混高或混低的烟叶，允许上下一个级数量之和不得超过（15）%。

46、白肋烟叶片结构松的烟叶多产于（腰叶）。

47、白肋烟中部叶的叶面为（平展）。

48、现行白肋烟分级标准中共分（12）级。

49、香料烟的主要分级因素是（部位）。

50、现行香料烟分级标准中身份共分（3）个档次。

51、现行白肋烟分级标准中身份共分（8）个档次。

52、香料烟上二级的代号是（B1）。

53、香料烟上三级的代号是（K1）。

54、现行白肋烟分级标准中叶面共分（4）个档次。

55、现行白肋烟分级标准中成熟度共分（3）个档次。

二、选择271、白肋烟完熟叶产于（B、下部）。

272、白肋烟烟叶叶片结构松的烟叶多产于（D、脚叶）273、白肋烟中部叶的叶面为（C、平展）274、下列外观因素是香料烟分级因素的为（C、长度、颜色）275、白肋烟完熟的外观表现为(A、叶面微皱至平展，有成熟斑)276、白肋烟上部叶脉相的特点是（A、较粗之粗、较显露至突起）277、白肋烟中下部叶脉相的特点是（B、较细至较粗，遮盖至微露，近叶尖处稍弯曲）278、现行白肋烟分级标准中共分（D、12）级。

白肋烟栽培与调制尹启生白肋烟属淡色晾烟。

白肋烟是马里兰烟品种突变所形成，1864年在马里兰烟种植田中发现之后，经专门种植，证明其具有特殊的使用价值，逐渐发展成为一个新的烟草类型。

白肋烟在全世界广泛种植。

主要种植国家有美国（肯塔基、田纳西、俄亥俄、西弗吉尼亚、北卡罗莱纳、密苏里等州）、马拉维、巴西、西班牙、韩国、希腊、日本、中国；另外，世界其它国家如：墨西哥、津巴布韦、赞比亚、阿根廷等也种植相当数量的白肋烟；意大利种植一定量的填充型白肋烟。

我国从20世纪50年代开始引种试种白肋烟，至20世纪70年代形成鄂西、川东白肋烟生产基地；之后在其它省进行试种。

至21世纪初，我国白肋烟种植面积约26000hm2，总产量在4万吨左右。

主要种植在湖北、四川、重庆、云南、贵州、河南等省。

1 品种1．1 鄂烟一号也称“建白80”。

由MsB21与B37杂交育成。

该品种大田期95天左右，田间生长势较强，打顶后株高约115cm，有效叶22～26片，叶形为长椭圆型，叶片成熟集中，落黄较快。

该品种中抗黑胫病和黑根腐病，抗花叶病。

该品种适应较广，平均单产160㎏。

调制后烟叶颜色多为近红黄色，颜色均匀，光泽较好，弹性好，叶片平展，结构疏松；化学成分较协调，香型风格较显著。

1．2 鄂烟二号由MsKy14与L8杂交育成。

该品种大田期92天左右，田间生长势较强，打顶后株高105㎝，有效叶22～24片，叶形椭圆。

该品种高抗黑胫病（0号生理小种），中抗黑根腐病和镰刀菌萎焉病，抗野火病和烟草花叶病。

该品种适应较广，平均单产165㎏。

调制后烟叶颜色多为红黄、近红黄色，颜色均匀，光泽较好，弹性好，叶片平展，结构疏松；化学成分较协调，香型风格较显著，香气量较多。

1．3 Ky14属中熟品种，平均单产158kg。

该品种适应性较广，打顶后株高115～129cm，株型紧凑，有效叶20片左右，该品种中抗至高抗黑胫病，高抗野火病和花叶病，耐赤星病。

调制后烟叶厚薄适中，颜色较好，叶片结构疏松，化学成分协调，香型风格显著，香气量较多。

1适用范围本标准适用于正常栽培、管理，经过晾制和复烤而未经发酵的白肋烟。

以文字标准为主，辅以实物样品。

分级交售、收购、调拨、供应定级以本标准为依据。

2引用标准GB2635烤烟GB2636烤烟检验方法3名词、术语3.1晾制(air-cured)烟叶采用晾房或晾棚在不受阳光直射的自然气候条件下进行调制。

3.2成熟度(maturity)指烟叶的成熟程度。

分完熟、成熟、尚熟。

3.3叶片结构(leafstructure)指烟叶细胞的疏密程度。

分松、疏松、稍疏松、稍密、密。

3.4颜色(color)指烟叶经过晾制后所呈现深浅不同的色泽。

由浅至深分浅黄、浅红黄、近红黄、红黄、红棕，以及微带青。

3.4.1浅黄(buff=L)稍显红色的淡黄色。

3.4.2浅红黄(tan＝F)浅红色呈现黄色。

3.4.3近红黄(tannishred=FR)红色略呈现黄色3.4.4红黄(red=R)红色呈现深黄色。

3.4.5红棕(darkred=D)红色呈现棕色。

3.4.6微带青(greenish=V)黄色烟叶含青程度在二成以内。

3.5光泽(finish)指烟叶表面色彩的纯净鲜艳程度。

分鲜明、尚鲜明、稍暗、较暗、暗。

3.6身份(body)指烟叶的厚度和密度。

或单位面积重量，以厚度表示。

分适中、尚适中、稍薄或稍厚、较薄或较厚、薄或厚。

3.7长度(length)烟叶从主脉底端到叶尖端点的直线的量度，以厘米表示。

3.8损伤度(injurytolerance)指破损、杂色、残伤损害烟叶的程度。

3.8.1由于虫咬、雹伤、机械破损等因素的影响，使烟叶缺少一部分而失去完整性。

3.8.2杂色(variegated=K)指烟叶表面存在着与基本色不同的颜色斑块，包括黄色、带灰色斑点或变白等。

3.8.3残伤(waste)指烟叶受损部分透过叶背使组织受损伤或失去加工成丝的强度和坚实性，如病斑、枯焦等(不包括霉变)。

3.9叶面(leafsurface)指烟叶叶面或叶片的平展或皱缩程度，分平展、微皱、皱、皱缩。

白肋烟新品种(系)主要农艺、经济及品质性状评价李晓清;袁长玉;高艾飞;杨东荣;段孝林;陈红国【摘要】对99P211、OB122、9026、2126.22081、2406和鄂烟l号(对照)等7个白肋烟品种(系)进行试验,结果表明:9026产质结果最好,烟叶外观质量较好,抗空胫病:2126产质结果较好,原烟外观质量比对照稍差,对空胫病抗性强；2406产质结果较好,原烟外观质量比对照略差,空胫病发病较重:22081、OB122原烟外观质量接近对照,产质结果比对照稍差,足供试品种中烟叶质量较好的品种,对空胫病抗性差；99P211原烟外观质量好,产质结果明显低于对照,空胫病发病重.【期刊名称】《广东农业科学》【年(卷),期】2011(038)017【总页数】4页(P15-17,28)【关键词】白肋烟;品种;性状评价【作者】李晓清;袁长玉;高艾飞;杨东荣;段孝林;陈红国【作者单位】恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司,湖北建始445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司,湖北建始445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司,湖北建始445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司,湖北建始445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司,湖北建始445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司,湖北建始445300【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S572.037白肋烟起源于美国俄亥俄州，具有叶片薄、弹性强、增香调味、焦油含量低、填充性强、阴燃持火力强等特性，还有良好的吸收料液的能力，是混合型卷烟的重要材料[1-5]。

培育优良品种是烟草抗病、优质的最经济有效的手段。

在影响烟叶产量和品质的诸多因素中，品种的作用占25%～35%[6-8]，而品种是白肋烟生产中决定烟叶生产质量的内在因素[9-10]。

白肋烟品种区域试验是白肋烟新品种选育和生产推广的中间环节，主要目的是鉴定新育品种和引进品种在不同生态区的适应性、配套技术、经济性能、质量特点，为品种审定、推广、合理布局提供依据[10-11]。

湖北省不同白肋烟品种（系）黑胫病抗性鉴定组排列，每小区种植20株，两行区，行株距为120cm某45cm。

其中1行接种0号生理小种，1行接种1号生理小种。

1.2.4调查内容及方法以株为，于晴天中午后调查。

田间调查主要包括黑胫病发病率及发病病级，计算病情指数；接种前调查1次，接种后每5d调查1次，共调查5次，调查全部烟株发病情况。

1.2.5病情分级方法及抗性评价标准[11，12]按照标准将病害严重度进行分级：0级，全株无病；1级，茎部病斑不超过茎围的三分之一，或三分之一以下叶片凋萎；3级，茎部病斑环绕茎围的三分之一至二分之一，或三分之一至二分之一叶片轻度凋萎，或下部少数叶片出现病斑；5级，茎部病斑超过茎围的二分之一，但未全部环绕茎围，或二分之一至三分之二叶片凋萎；7级，茎部病斑全部环绕茎围，或三分之二以上叶片凋萎；9级，病株基本枯死。

根据病情指数，评定抗性等级。

高抗或免疫（I），病情指数为0；抗病（R），病情指数为0.1～20.0；中抗（MR），病情指数为20.1～40.0；中感（MS），病情指数为40.1～60.0；感病（S），病情指数为60.1～80.0；高感（HS），病情指数为80.1～100.0。

1.2.6数据处理调查所得的数据，按以下公式计算病情指数及发病率：2结果与分析 2.12022年不同白肋烟品种（系）烟草黑胫病抗性2022年采取了0号生理小种和1号生理小种两种致病力强的黑胫病菌对13份白肋烟资源进行了田间接种抗性鉴定，结果见表1。

由表1可知，对黑胫病0号生理小种表现出抗性的有2619、2937、27018、27015、27123、27011、2902、鄂烟1号；表现出中抗的材料有27039、1046、2957；表现出中感的材料有B0833；表现出感病的材料有Ky14。

对黑胫病1号生理小种表现出抗性的材料有2619、2937、B0833、27018、27015、27123、27011、2902、鄂烟1号；表现出中抗的材料有27039、1046、2957；表现出感病的材料有Ky14。

高级烟叶分级工理论试题（简答题）一、简答题（共25小题，每小题2分，共50分）1、X2V的品质规定？尚熟疏松稍薄稍有中。

C3V的品质规定：尚熟疏松中等有强。

2、烟叶内在质量？烟叶通过燃烧所产生烟气的特征特性。

衡量因素：主要是香气与吸味。

判定方法：主要依靠评吸。

3、白肋烟B4与B5的等级质量的不同？叶面皱与皱缩；损伤度不超过25％与30％；长度不低于30与25cm.。

4、试述烟叶霉变的原因？烟叶商品霉变的实质是霉菌将烟草作为寄主而从中摄取营养物质进行繁殖的过程。

霉菌摄取烟草的营养物质，分解烟草的成分，破坏商品的组织结构，并排泄出青绿色和黑色素并散发出霉腐臭气，使烟草商品霉坏变质，失去使用价值。

致霉菌源主要有曲霉菌、青霉菌。

都属于真菌的一部分。

①温度低，霉菌繁殖的相对湿度就要高；②相对湿度低，霉菌繁殖的温度就要高；③在温湿度低的情况下，烟草水分高有利于霉菌繁殖；④一般认为：相对湿度低于65—70％是烟草商品安全储存的临界点。

霉变过程：受潮、发热、霉变、腐烂。

5、烤烟杂色对烟叶质量的影响？香气减少，杂气增加，吃味不协调，余味差。

6、试述不同部位烟叶质量变化规律？①下部烟叶。

叶片较薄，颜色浅，光泽弱，油分少，组织松，含糖量低，总氮及烟碱低于中部烟，不溶性氮偏高，灰分及酸碱值高于中部烟叶，品质低，燃烧快，吸湿性差，填充力高，单位面积重量轻，含梗率高，劲头小，刺激性小，吃味平淡。

②中部烟叶。

叶片厚度中等，颜色多橘黄，光泽强，油分多，组织疏松，糖分及碳水化合物有利成分含量高，总氮、不溶性氮、其他挥发性碱、灰分等不利成分含量低，烟碱、酸碱值适中，品质高，燃烧快慢适中吸湿性高于下部与上部烟叶，填充力小，弹性好，单位面积重量居中，含梗率居中，劲头适中，吃味醇和。

③上部烟叶。

叶片较厚，颜色偏深，光泽较强，油分比中部烟叶少，组织较密。

糖分及碳水化合物比下部叶高，总氮显著增高，不溶性氮和其他挥发性碱也高，灰分略高于中部叶，酸碱值低，品质低于中部叶，燃烧慢，吸湿性比中部叶低，填充性居中，含梗率低，味浓劲大，刺激性也大。

白肋烟新品种(系)主要性状评价戢飞;张祥林;袁长玉;吴宝成;段孝林;杨东荣;陈红国;卢健【期刊名称】《浙江农业科学》【年(卷),期】2017(058)009【摘要】为筛选出高产优质白肋烟新品种(系),对2937、27039、1045、2949、27011、B0833、2619和鄂烟1号(对照)等8个白肋烟品种(系)进行区域试验.结果表明,烟叶产量和产值上,以2937最高,1045、2949、27011、2619与对照相差不大,B0833和27039最低;外观品质上,以2937和B0833较好,2949、27011和2619稍差,27039和1045最差;抗黑胫病以2937、1045、2949、27011和2619为高抗,27039中抗,B0833为感病型.综合分析,各品种(系)中以2937表现最好.【总页数】4页(P1525-1528)【作者】戢飞;张祥林;袁长玉;吴宝成;段孝林;杨东荣;陈红国;卢健【作者单位】恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S572【相关文献】1.白肋烟新品种(系)主要农艺、经济及品质性状评价 [J], 李晓清;袁长玉;高艾飞;杨东荣;段孝林;陈红国2.白肋烟新品种(系)主要性状及抗病性比较 [J], 张艳;李小波;杨超3.白肋烟新品种川白2号的选育及其应用评价 [J], 陈志华;杨兴有;向杰;靳冬梅;周开绪;郭仕平;邓学武;何正川;严占勇4.白肋烟雄性不育系性状鉴定试验 [J], 肖宗友;王毅;周永碧5.7份白肋烟雄性不育系与同型可育系性状比较 [J], 黄文昌;周永碧;朱信;吴成林;吴克松;覃光炯因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

烤烟等级品质规定
1、定级原则烤烟的成熟度、叶片的结构、油分、色度、长度都达到某级规定时，残伤不超过某级允许度时，才定某级。

当重新检验时与已确定之级不符，则原级无效。

一批烟叶界于两个等级的界限上，则定较低的等级。

一批烟叶品级因素为B级，其中一个因素低于B级规定则定C级；一个或多个因素高于B级，仍为B级青片、霜冻烟叶、火伤、火熏、霉变、异味、掺杂、水分超限等均为不列级，不予收购。

中下部杂色1级（CX1K）限于腰叶与下二棚部位烟叶。

光滑1级（S1）限于腰叶，上、下二棚部位。

青黄1级限于含青二成以下烟叶。

青2级限于含青三成以下者。

H级中H1F为桔黄色，H2F包括桔黄色和红棕色。

中位叶微带青质量低于C3V的烟叶应列入X2V定级。

中位叶短于35CM者在下部叶组定级
杂色面积超过20％的烟叶，在杂色组定级。

杂色面积少于20％的烟叶，允许在正组定级，但杂色面积与残伤相加之和不得超过相应等级的残伤百分数，超过者定为下一级；杂色与残伤之和超过该等级残伤允许度者，可在杂色组内适当定级。

CX1K杂色面积不超过30％为下一个等级。

B1K杂色面积不超过30％。

B2K杂色面积不超过40％，超过40％，为下一个等级。

褪色烟叶在光滑叶组定级
基本色不影响不明显的轻度烤红烟，在相应部位组、颜色组别二级以下定级。

叶片上同时存在光滑与杂色的烟叶在杂色组定级。

青黄烟叶片上存在杂色时仍在青黄烟组按质定级。

破损的计算以一把烟叶内破损
超过相应等级的残伤杂色组内适当定级。

素高于B级，仍为B级。

，残伤不超过某级允。

白肋烟新品种(系)主要性状评价戢飞;张祥林;袁长玉;吴宝成;段孝林;杨东荣;陈红国;卢健【摘要】为筛选出高产优质白肋烟新品种(系),对2937、27039、1045、2949、27011、B0833、2619和鄂烟1号(对照)等8个白肋烟品种(系)进行区域试验.结果表明,烟叶产量和产值上,以2937最高,1045、2949、27011、2619与对照相差不大,B0833和27039最低;外观品质上,以2937和B0833较好,2949、27011和2619稍差,27039和1045最差;抗黑胫病以2937、1045、2949、27011和2619为高抗,27039中抗,B0833为感病型.综合分析,各品种(系)中以2937表现最好.【期刊名称】《浙江农业科学》【年(卷),期】2017(058)009【总页数】4页(P1525-1528)【关键词】白肋烟;品种;性状;评价【作者】戢飞;张祥林;袁长玉;吴宝成;段孝林;杨东荣;陈红国;卢健【作者单位】恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300;恩施州烟草公司建始县烟叶分公司, 湖北建始 445300【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S572烟草原产南美洲，但在我国南北各省区广为栽培，是我国重要的经济作物，白肋烟作为其主要类型之一，是混合型卷烟的重要原料，在卷烟工业生产中占有重要地位[1- 3]。

随着低焦油、少害、高安全性卷烟的发展，原料市场和卷烟工业对烟叶品质要求越来越高[4]。

白肋烟生产上存在着TSNAs偏高、香气量不足、抗病能力差、风格特征不明显等问题，在一定程度上影响了烟叶品质和烟农收入，严重制约着白肋烟的生产发展[5- 6]。

白肋烟生产技术的方案以都宝牌卷烟对白肋烟叶的需求为导向，选择生态条件最适宜地区和适宜的优质抗病白肋烟品种，通过配套适用栽培技术的推广应用，改善烟叶外观质量和内在质量，生产出白肋烟香型风格显著、化学成分协调的优质白肋烟，实现卷烟工业提供优质白肋原料，促进工商良性互动，共同发展。

1、产量指标：亩产量175千克。

2、上等烟率 15 %、中等烟率 65 %2、外观质量：烟叶成熟度好，颜色浅红棕、浅红黄，光泽强、色度浓、弹性好、组织疏松、厚薄适中。

3、内在质量：白肋烟香气风格突出、吃味醇和舒适、杂气少、刺激性小、劲头适中、燃烧性好、可用性和安全性高。

主要化学成份指标为1）烟碱含量：下部叶%，中部叶3—5%，上部叶不超6%。

达白1号占种植面积80%以上，在海拔700米以上地区种植，主要分布在xx市、宣汉种植2万亩；达白2号占20%，在海拔700米以下试种，主要在开江种植4000亩。

田烟选择上年未种过烟的田块，地烟必须两年内未种过烟，田烟水旱轮作种烟，特别是原来种烟发生过黑胫病的田地不要种烟，要求烟田土层深厚，耕作层要在30cm以上，肥力中等或中等偏上,光照条件好,排灌方便,抗旱水源条件有保证,前作为冬闲地、绿肥，套作仅限早熟小麦、油菜，小麦油菜播幅不得大于35cm，小表、油菜收获期不得晚于5月15日，烟叶预留行不能小于85cm。

移栽前大田要立即深挖、晒垡、碎垡、耙平，并按120cm ×45—50cm的规格划行，提前条施底肥后起垄、，起垄高度25-30cm。

坚持预整地，适时集中移栽，同一片区内必须在2—3天内栽完。

根据我区土壤的营养状况，烟株长势长相，降雨量的多少，做到有机无机相结合，铵态氮与硝态氮相结合的原则，合理供应和调节烟株必须的各种营养元素，满足烟株生长的需要，提高肥料利用率，促进烟株平衡生长，对于缺硼、镁、锌等微量元素的烟株，用浓度—%进行叶面喷施。

每亩推荐施氮量13-16千克，具体施肥量根据土壤肥力，结合前作而定，氮：磷：钾为1：1—：2。