高考英语二轮名校精讲精练讲义 专题 阅读理解经典精讲(上)

专题 22 命题选材视角之饮食健康尚健康生活，从而也越来越注重饮食质量和安全问题，因此为了顺应时代潮流，高考英语阅读材料会紧跟A“If you are cold, it will warm you; if you are too heated, it will cool you; if you are depressed, it will cheer you; if you are exhausted, it will calm you．”The poem best identifies the passion for tea in Britain．Outside of the United Kingdom, many people refer to afternoon tea as“high tea”．Afternoon tea, also known as low tea, is what most people think of when they hear “high tea”．It involves things like manners, lace (蕾丝) and light meals such as cookies and finger sandwiches．It is typically served in the mid­afternoon and it was traditionally served on low tables, hence its two names．Legend has it that afternoon tea was started in the mid­1800s by the Duchess of Bedford．Around that time, kerosene (煤油) lamp s were introduced into wealthier homes and eating a late dinner (around 8 or 9 p．m．) became fashionable．This increasingly late dinner was one of the only two meals each day, and the other was a mid­morning one．The story goes that the Duchess found herself with a “sinking feeling”．This came from hunger during the long wait between meals．She decided to invite friends over for various snack s and tea．The idea of an afternoon tea gathering spread across high society and became a favorite pastime of females for leisure．Later, it spread to other social groups．However, the British working population did not have afternoon tea．They had a meal about midday, and a meal after work, between five and seven o’clock．This meal was called “high tea”or just “tea”．Traditionally eaten early evening, high tea was a substantial meal that combined delicious sweet food, such as cookies, cakes or tea bread, with heavy food, such as cheese on toast, cold meats and poach ed eggs on toast．This meal is now often replaced with a supper due to people eating their main meal in the evening rather than at midday．1．What is the author’s purpose of using a poem at the beginning of the passage?A．To introduce a topic．B．To present a puzzle．C．To describe the phenomenon．D．To clarify his writing purpose．2．What led to the appearance of afternoon tea?A．Kerosene lamps were used at home．B．Upper class had more free time．C．Drinking tea makes people feel good．D．Duchess of Bedford was influential in social circle．3．What was the most important feature of afternoon tea in the mid­1800s?A．Simple food and tea．B．A ladies’ social occasion．C．Being served on low tables．D．Serving time．4．What is the best title for the text?A．Origin s of High TeaB．Ways of Low TeaC．Traditional Afternoon TeaD．High Tea and Low TeaBBack in 1988, Red Delicious made up 70 to 80 percent of the domestic apple market. Over the years, farmers sold a lot of them because they looked great. But they had a floury texture (口感), and people want an apple that’s firm, crisp and juicy. I started searching for the one. By 1994, threaten ed by varieties from Japan and New Zealand, the U．S. apple industry and Washington State University agreed that we had to grow our own.First, we cross-pollinated (为异花授粉) existing apples: Collect pollen from one flower, put it on the tip of a pencil eraser, and rub it into another. We crossed dozens of crisp, tasty varieties such as Gala, Fuji, and Pink Lady. But the best breed came out of Honeycrisp and Enterprise parents. The crossbred seeds grew into 5-foot trees, and we grafted those onto rootstocks (根状茎) to make them start producing quickly, and planted them in evaluation gardens. A few years later, they fruit ed — and we began tasting.So I would walk along long rows of hundreds and thousands of trees, and when I found an attractive fruit, I’d bite, chew, and spit it out. Most were terrible, but when I found one with good texture and t aste, I’d pick 10 or 20 of them. Then I put them in cold storage to see how they would hold up after a few months. After that, three or four researchers sat down and tasted every apple. We checked acidity and sugar levels, which can change over time, and tested firmness and crispness using instrument s that measure pressure and cell breakdown.When we found exactly what we wanted, we planted and tested them all over again. Eventually, we ended up with Cosmic Crisp. It can spend nine to twelve months in storage, and stay crisp, firm, juicy and sweet.5．What does the author mainly tell us?A．Why Red Delicious sells best.B．How apples with a good texture are grown.C．Why apples cross-pollinated taste nice.D．How a new variety of apple comes into being.6．How do the researchers grow Cosmic Crisp?A．By testing acidity and sugar levels.B．By crossbreeding with good varieties.C．By selecting fine fruits.D．By evaluating the quality.7. ．Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “grafted” in Parag raph 2?A．Applied. B．Rubbed.C．Attached. D．Changed.8. ．What can we learn from the text?A．The apple seeds cross-pollinated take a few years to grow.B．Cosmic Crisp has a longer storage life and better quality.C．Cosmic Crisp is mainly bred from Gala and Fuji.D．The quality of apples lies in its acidity and sugar levels.C(2020·安徽省五校联考)We humans are addicted to sugar. That makes sense. All animals need sugar to live. It’s the fuel that powers our cells. So it’s not surprising that we’re bo rn to want the sweet stuff.Sugar stores the sun’s energy like a battery. After a meal, your body breaks down foods into their building blocks. It uses some sugar for energy right away. The rest get stored for the body to break down later. It’s a myth that sugar makes you extremely excited, but having a sugary snack can give you a quick burst of energy. That’s because the sugar in sweet foods is easy for your body to turn into fuel. When you eat other kinds of foods, like vegetables, it takes longer for your body to break the sugar down.These days it’s easy to find sweet snacks. Soda s, candy, cakes and even foods that seem healthy, such as yogurt, can be packed with sugar. Food makers add sugar, because they know that to humans, sweet makes everything taste better. Americans eat about 20 teaspoons of extra sugar every day. That’s way more than what is good for us.Eating too much sugar can cause more than a stomachache. It can make people overweight, decay the teeth and even cause diabete s. However, experts aren’t worried about naturally sweet foods —the problem is addedsugar. So go ahead and enjoy sweet apples or even sugar-rich carrots that are also full of vitamins and other good stuff.Even cake is great once in a while, as long as you don’t overdo it. After all, no one wants life to be dull. And your body needs its fuel!9.．The first two paragraphs are mainly developed by ________.A．cause and effect B．problem and solutionC．giving examples D．making comparison s10．People may be tricked into eating too much sugar because ________.A．no one wants life to be boringB．we’re born to want the sweet stuffC．so-called healthy food can be packed with sugarD．sugar is the fuel for the plants and animals on the earth11．What does the author want to stress in Paragraph 4?A．We’d better say no to sweet foods.B．Experts are worried about added sugar.C．Eating too much sugar is bad for our health.D．We’d better consume sugar from natural sources.12．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Sugar Is EverywhereB．Sugar Brings HappinessC．Why Do We Love Sugar?D．Why Does Sugar Make Us Fat?答案：A1. 解析：选A推理判断题。

专题05阅读理解“态度推断”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）原卷版养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

态度观点态度类试题的解题方法：第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意；第二：加入自己的态度。

要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度；第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。

乐观支持类词汇：optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving 赞成的客观中立类词汇：objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的消极反对类词汇：negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical 批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive 轻蔑的，不屑一顾的【高考真题再练】01（2023年新高考I卷D篇）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then theirerrors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A. The methods of estimation.B. The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of people’s errors.D. The design of Galton’s experiment.33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.A. the crowds were relatively smallB. there were occasional underestimatesC. individuals did not communicateD. estimates were not fully independent34. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups.B. The dominant members.C. The discussion process.D. The individual estimates.35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.02（2023年全国甲卷C篇）I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?A. Foucault.B. Eric Weiner.C. Jostein Gaarder.D. A college teacher.29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?A. To compare Weiner with them.B. To give examples of great works.C. To praise their writing skills.D. To help readers understand Weiners book.30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express?A. Its views on history are well-presented.B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life.C. It includes comments from readers.D. It leaves an open ending.31. What does the author think of Weiners book?A. Objective and plain.B. Daring and ambitious.C. Serious and hard to follow.D. Humorous and straightforward.03（2023年全国乙卷B篇）Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest?A. By teaming up with other photographers.B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.C. By studying the geographical conditions.D. By creating settings in the corn fields.25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author?A. Proper time management.B. Good shooting techniques.C. Adventurous spirit.D. Distinctive styles.26. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devil’s Lake?A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.D. They had problems with their equipment.27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake?A. Amusing.B. Satisfying.C. Encouraging.D. Comforting.04（2022北京卷D篇）Quantum ( 量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had excha nges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度)” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitative ly comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.31. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.A. sympatheticB. unconcernedC. doubtfulD. excited32. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?A. His dominance in physics.B. The competition in the field.C. His confidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment of tech companies.33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. Open.B. Cool.C. Useful.D. Resistant.34. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?05（2021年新高考I卷D篇）Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measuredby an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.06（2021年全国甲卷B篇）Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.24. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?A. Costly.B. Controversial.C. Ambitious.D. Successful.25. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?A. She loves staying with her mother.B. She dislikes outdoor activities.C. She is in good conditionD. She is sensitive to heat.26. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?A. They had their first born in January.B. They enjoyed exploring new placesC. They lived with their grandmothers.D. They were brought to the reserve young27. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?A. The rhino section will be open to the public.B. It aims to control the number of the animals.C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.07（2020全国I卷C篇）Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) w ith the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A. They must run long distances.B. They are qualified for the marathon.C. They have to follow special rules.D. They are good at swinging their legs.29. What advantage does race walking have over running?A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.B. It’s less challenging physically.C. It’s more effective in body building.D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?A. Getting experts’ opinions.B. Having a medical checkup.C. Hiring an experienced coach.D. Doing regular exercises.31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tolerant.D. Conservative.【名校好题强化】（23·24上·哈尔滨·阶段练习）There is hope for our planet’s survival. Innovative products are being designed to reduce our dependence on plastic, single-use plastic in particular.One such innovation comes from international design firm Carlo Ratti Associati with its “Feel the Peel” machine, an experimental rounded juice bar that not only makes freshly squeezed orange juice, but also 3D prints a recyclable bio plastic cup with the leftover orange peels (果皮) .Designed with global energy company Eni. the juicer is 10 feet tall and topped with a massive dome (圆顶), feeding the juicer with oranges on demand. The dome is mad cup of round tracks that holdup to 1, 500 oranges. A 3D printer is setup in the base of the machine.The machine goes like magic. When an order is placed, the oranges slide down the tracks to a squeezer, and the juice is then deposited (使沉积) into an “orange peel” bio-plastic cup, ready to enjoy. Meanwhile, the freshly squeezed peels fall down a tube and gather at the bottom of the machine where they are dried, milled and mixed with Poly lactic Acid, creating a bio plastic material The bio plastic is then heated and melted into a filament (细丝) and the 3D printer then creates recyclable bioplastic cups, ready to be filled with freshly squeezed juice.How cool that is! It seems that Carlo Ratti Associati and Eni have plans to take “Feel the Peel” beyond just orange juice.“The principle of recycling is a must for today’s objects,” says Carlo Ratti, “Working with Eni, we tried to show recycling in a very tangible way, by developing a machine that helps us to understand how oranges can be us cd well beyond their juice. The next improvement of “Feel the Peel” might include new functions, such as printing fabric for clothi ng from orange peels.”1．What can we know about “Feel the Peel” machine?A．It increases the output of orange juice.B．It makes something beyond orange juice.C．It makes orange juice taste better.D．It bans the use of single-use plastic.2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?A．The reason for the machine’s popularity.B．The structure of the machine.C．The way the machine works.D．The way to use the machine.3．What is Carol’s attitude to the future of the machine?A．Pessimistic. B．Cautious. C．Positive. D．In different.4．What can be the best title for the text?A．A New Form of Orange PeelsB．Orange Juicer 3D Prints Bioplastic CupsC．Innovative Products Are Being DesignedD．Carlo Invents A Recyclable Machine（2024届浙江省宁波市高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语试题）Goldfish may seem like simple creatures swimming in a glass tank, but they possess a rather complicated navigation system, as discovered by researchers at theUniversity of Oxford Led by Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux, the study aims to shed light on our understanding of how fish, and potentially humans, estimate distances using what could be described as an internal GPS.Writing in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Sibeaux and colleagues report how they created a tank in their experiment with 2cm-wide black and white vertical stripes (条纹) on the walls, connected by similar stripes across the floor. The team trained nine goldfish to swim a set distance of 70cm and then return to their starting point when waved at. The experiment aimed to investigate how the fish would estimate this distance without any gestures, under different patterns.Over multiple trials, the goldfish averaged a swim distance of 74cm, give or take 17cm, when presented with the vertical 2cm-wide stripes. However, when the stripe pattern was altered to either narrower vertical stripes, checked patterns, or horizontal stripes, the fish’s behavior changed significantly. Narrower vertical stripes led them to overestimating the distance by 36%, while horizontal stripes resulted in highly inconsistent estimations.According to the researchers, the goldfish appeared to be using an “optic (光学的) flow mechanism” based on the visual density of their environment. They kept track of how frequently the vertical pattern switched between black and white to estimate how far they had traveled. The study suggests that different optic flow mechanisms are used by mammals, including humans, based on angular (有角度的) motion of visual features. The study implies that the use of visually based distance information could have emerged early in the evolutionary timeline.“This study is novel because, despite knowing that fish respond to geometric information regarding direction and distance, we don’t know how they estimate distances,” Professor Colin Lever, although not involved in the study, said, “it’s exciting to explore fish spatial mapping because fish navigation evolved earlier and better than most mammals.”5．Why did Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux conduct the study on goldfish?A．To test the accuracy of goldfish’s internal GPS.B．To create an advanced navigation system for humansC．To uncover how an inbuilt GPS helps calculate distances.D．To explore the relationships between goldfish and humans6．What can we learn about the experiment?A．People gestured the goldfish throughout the experimentB．The tank was decorated with colorful background patternsC．Goldfish tended to underestimate distances with horizontal stripes.D．The change in the tank setting led to the goldfish's incorrect judgment.7．It can be concluded from the fourth paragraph that ____________.A．optic flow mechanism is unique to humansB．mammals developed flow mechanism long before goldfishC．goldfish evaluated the distance with multidimensional visual informationD．visual density of the environment strengthened the locating ability of goldfish8．What attitude does Professor Colin hold towards the study?A．Neutral. B．Ambiguous. C．Disapproving. D．Favorable.（23·24上·大庆·阶段练习）One Sunday in 2021, when my son, Leo, was six, we ran into one of his friends, Izzie. They decided to play ——but w hat? “I have a great idea,” Leo said. “Let’s fall in love! OK?” Izzie took a half-second to consider this proposal, then replied “No.” She wanted to play tag.Leo has always been the kind of child who looks for close connections, often in the wrong places. It sometimes feels as though he’s been looking for a soulmate since he was a toddler（学步孩童）.One day, he came home from school and immediately grabbed his iPad to ask Siri: “Can you fall in love when you’re just a kid?”Siri, Apple’s voice-controlled personal assistant, is great at opening apps or setting alarms, but I was unfamiliar with her philosophies on love.“What did Siri say?” I asked him.“She said, ‘Here’s what I found on the web!’” Leo reported.This was hardly the first time I’d heard Leo in conversation with Siri. Over the years, he’s relied on Siri as a source of comfort, advice, emotional support, and guidance. Their relationship blossomed when the pandemic forced us all to shelter in place.At first, Leo mostly asked Siri factual questions, then the personal ones. As time passed, he began to engage on more existential matters. Siri has, in some ways, been able to absorb some of Leo’s concerns—in a way that, as his mother, I can’t, at least not with the same coolness.Children are overwhelmed w ith emotions such as grief, fear, love, and a desire for connection. If Leo’s talks with Siri confronted me with the unknowable and unanswerable, they also made me frustrated at my own limitations as a parent.There are many challenges to parenthood, among which the biggest is the desire to shelter our children from the painfulness of reality. But helping our children navigate reality is surely more helpful than sheltering them from it. Perhaps the best we can do is give them a tablet?I’m afraid I don’t ha ve the answer. Maybe I should ask Siri.9．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning lzzie?A．Leo’s longing for intimacy.B．Leo’s close bond with lzzie.C．Leo’s eagerness to have fun.D．Leo’s effort to make new friends.10．What would Leo ask Siri when they first talked?A．Siri, have you ever been in love? B．Siri, what is your favorite hobby?C．Siri, what does it mean to be alive? D．Siri, how many stars are in the Milky Way?11．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to Siri?A．Curious. B．Disappointed. C．Appreciative. D．Worried.12．What does the author suggest parents do when raising children?A．Be a good role model. B．Promote independence.C．Communicate effectively. D．Practice positive discipline.（22·23下·南充·三模）A new kind of solar panel, developed at the University of Michigan, has achieved high efficiency in transforming water into hydrogen and oxygen — imitating a crucial step in natural photosynthesis(光合作用). The outdoor version of the experiment, with less reliable sunlight and temperature, achieved 6.1% efficiency at turning the energy from the sun into hydrogen fuel. However, indoors, the system achieved 9% efficiency.But the biggest benefit is driving down the cost of sustainable hydrogen. This is enabled by reducing the size of the semiconductor(半导体), typically the most expensive part of the device. The team’s self-healing semiconductor withstands concentrated light equivalent to 160 suns.“We believe that artificial photosynthesis devices will be much more efficient than natural p hotosynthesis, which will provide a path toward carbon neutrality,” said Zetian Mi, U-M professor of electrical and computer engineering who led the study reported in Nature.One major advance of the new technology is the ability to concentrate the sunlight without destroying the semiconductor that traps the light. “We reduced the size of the semiconductor by more than 100 times compared to some semiconductors only working at low light intensity,” said Peng Zhou, U-M research fellow in electrical and computer engineering and first author of the study. “Hydrogen produced by our technology could be very cheap.”The next challenges the team intends to tackle are to further improve the efficiency and to achieve superhigh purity hydrogen that can be directly fed into fuel cells.13．What leads to the lower cost of sustainable hydrogen?A．Solar energy. B．Smaller semiconductors.C．Natural photosynthesis. D．More concentrated light.14．Why is the advance of the new solar panel mentioned?。

山西省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（67）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

AA programmer and an engineer are sitting next to each other on a long flight from Los Angeles to New York. The programmer leans over to the engineer and asks if he would like to play a fun game. The engineer just wants to take a nap, so he politely declines and rolls over to the window to catch a few winks.The programmer persists and explains that the game is really easy and has a lot of fun. He explains, “I ask you a question, and if you don’t know the answer, you pay me $5. Then you ask me a question, and if I don’t know the answer, I’ll pay you $5.” Again, the engineer politely refuses and tries to get to sleep.The programmer, now somewhat agitated, says, “OK, if you don’t know the answer you pay me $5, and if I don’t know the answer, I’ll pay you $50!” This catches the engineer’s attention, and he sees no end to this torment(折磨) unless he plays, so he agrees to the game.The programmer asks the first question. “What’s the distance from the earth to the moon?” The engineer doesn’t say a word, but reaches into his wallet, pulls out a five dollar bill and hands it to the programmer. Now, it’s the engineer’s turn. He asks the programmer, “What goes up a hill with th ree legs, and comes down on four?” The programmer looks up at him with a puzzled look. He takes out his laptop computer and searches all of his references. After about an hour, he wakes the engineer and hands him $50. The engineer politely takes the $50 and turns away to try to get back to sleep. The programmer, more than a little miffed, shakes the engineer and asks, “Well, so what’s the answer?” Without a word, the engineer reaches into his wallet, hands the programmer $5, and turns away and goes back to sleep.1. What’s the best title for the passage?A. A Boring ConversationB. A Fun GameC. A Trick During The FlightD. A Question Without Answer2. What’s the meaning of the underlined work “agitated”?A. Angry.B. Excited.C. Surprised.D. Curious.3. What kind of person is the programmer according to what he said?A. Confident.B. Selfish.C. Greedy.D. Generous.4. What can we infer according to the last sentence?A. The engineer has little money with him.B. Actually the engineer doesn’t know the answer, either.C. The engineer is bored with programmer.D. The engineer beats the programmer at last.5. Which is NOT true according to the passage?A. In the beginning the engineer is not interested in the game.B. The engineer is too sleepy to want to play the game.C. At last the engineer gains $45 from the programmer.D. Nobody knows the answer to the engineer’s question.BRecently I spoke to some of my students about what they wanted to do after they graduated, and what kind of job prospects they thought they had.Given that I teach students who are training to be doctors, I was surprised to find that most thought that they would not be able to get the jobs they wanted without “outside help”. “What kind of help is that?” I asked, expecting them to tell me that they would need a relative or family friend to help them out.“Surgery(外科手术)”, one replied.I was pretty alarmed by that response. It seems that the graduates of today are increasingly willing to go under the knife to get ahead of others when it comes to getting a job.One girl told me that she was considering surgery to increase her height. “They break your legs, put in special extending screws, and slowly expand the gap between the two ends of the bone as it regrows, you can get at least 5cm taller!”At that point, I was shocked. I am short, I can’t deny that, but I don’t think I would put myself through months of agony(痛苦) just to be a few centimeters taller. I don’t even bother to wear shoes with thick soles, as I’m not trying to hide the fact that I am just not tall!It seems to me that there is a trend toward wanting “perfection”, and that is an ideal that justdoes not exist in reality.No one is born perfect, yet magazines, TV shows and movies present images of thin, tall, beautiful people as being the norm. Advertisements for slimming aids, beauty treatments and cosmetic surgery clinics fill the pages of newspapers, further creating an idea that “perfection” is a requirement, and that it must be purchased, no matter what the cost.In my opinion, skills, rather than appearance, should determine how successful a person is in his chosen career.6. We can know from the passage that the author works as ________.A. a doctorB. a modelC. a teacherD. a reporter7. Many graduates today turn to cosmetic surgery to ________.A. marry a better man\womanB. become a modelC. get an advantage over others in job-huntD. attract more admirers8. According to the passage, the author believes that ________.A. everyone should purchase perfection, whatever the costB. it’s right for graduates to ask for others to help them out in hunting for jobsC. it is one’s appearance instead of skill s that really matters in one’s careerD. media are to blame for misleading young people in their seeking for surgery9. What does the author think of his height?A. He hates to be called a short man.B. He tries to increase his height through surgery.C. He just accepts it as it is.D. He always wears shoes with thick soles to hide the fact.10. The best title for the passage should be “________”.A. Young Graduates Have Higher ExpectationB. Young Graduates Look to Surgery for Better JobsC. Young Graduates’ Opinion About Cosmetic SurgeryD. Young Graduates Face a Different Situation in Job-huntCThe day my fiancé fell to his death, it started to snow, just like the bottom hadn’t fallen out ofmy world when he fell off the roof. His body, when I found it, was lightly covered with snow. It snowed almost every day for the next four months, while I sat on the couch and watched it pile up.One morning, I shuffled(拖着脚步走) downstairs and was surprised to see a snowplow(扫雪机) clearing my driveway and the bent back of a woman shoveling my walk. I dropped to my knees, crawled through the living room, and back upstairs so those good Samaritans would not see me. I was mortified. My first thought was, how would I ever repay them? I didn’t have the strength to brush my hair, let alone shovel someone’s walk.Before Jon’s death, I took pride in the fact that I rarely asked for help or favors. I defined myself by my competence and independence. How could I respect myself if all I did was sit on the couch everyday and watch the snow fall?Learning how to receive the love and support that came my way wasn’t easy. Friends cooked for me and I cried because I couldn’t even help them set the table. “I’m not usually this lazy,” I swept. Finally, my friend Kathy sat down with me and said, “Mary, cooking for you is not a burden. It makes me feel good to be able to do something for you.”Over and over, I heard similar words of comfort from the people who supported me during those dark days. One very wise man told me, “You are not doing nothing. Being fully open to your grief may be the hardest work you will ever do.”In many ways I have changed for the better. I have been surprised to learn that there is incredible freedom that comes from facing one’s worst fear and walking away whole.11. What made the author feel sad?A. Her fiancé’s sudden death.B. Constant heavy snow.C. Her fiancé abandoning her.D. Her job being refused again.12. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “mortified” in Paragraph 1?A. Surprised.B. Angry.C. Ashamed.D. Moved.13. It is _______ that helped the author out of darkness.A. herselfB. her friendsC. her fiancéD. a snowplow14. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The author was a capable and independent woman.B. The author was so lazy that she wouldn’t shovel the walk.C. Finally the author got through hardest work bravely.D. When facing the worst fear, you will get strength.15. What’s the author’s purpose in the passage?A. To talk about her hardest work in her life.B. To talk about her real love between her and her fiancé.C. To tell us to walk out of hardest work confidently and bravely.D. To tell us the importance of friendship.1--15 BBABC CCDCB ACBBC。

50分阅读理解提分练(三)阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A[2022·厦门市高三第二次质量检测]1.Which of the following highlights Letter 1?A．We Found a Fix.B．Dealing with Eye Problems.C．Run Over by a Speedboat.D．So Nice You Have to Read It Twice.2．Who forgave the driver after an accident?A．Annette Wolfe. B．Pam Snellgrove.C．Carter Viss. D．Leander Jones.3．What do these four letters have in common?A．They are notes on past issues.B．They give advice on how to read.C．They are remarks about human virtues.D．They offer information about health.B[2022·郑州市高三第二次质量预测]I grew up in Michigan and have loved boats since I was young. I'd go out on my dad's fishing boat, and every birthday I'd get a tiny boat with a viewing window. In Michigan, we're surrounded by lakes and I soon discovered that I loved diving and even skipped school days for the coast.Three years ago, I successfully put forward an idea of running glass­bottom boat tours to my husband. We headed out on the Cheboygan River and Lake Huron, running five trips every day over summer. We sailed past lots of places of significance, with a historian on board explaining the history. We often scanned the river to see what we could find.One weekend while diving, I managed to find a giant shell. Then I saw a green bottle on top of a fishbed and I picked it up. I swam to my boat, took a photo and then opened the bottle. It had paper inside. I unfolded the paper and saw the date—November 1926. The note read，“Return this paper to George Morrow.” It gave me a big surprise to have found it.We made sure to keep the paper safe. I kept the bottle. Before leaving the shore, I posted a picture on my social media page and didn't expect what followed.The next morning, my phone blew up with messages. While I was driving home, I got a phone call from Michele Primeau. She told me she was George Morrow's daughter.I didn't believe her at first. She said her dad would float notes in bottles when he went on vacation or hide them in walls when redecorating. She worked out he had posted this one on his 18th birthday.In autumn, Michele came to visit. She brought some of his writing and the handwriting matched. She insisted I keep the message and the bottle. It now sits in a glass case in my shop. That post now has 87，000 likes.In a hard year, the discovery has brought pure joy. For a diver, this feels like a lifetime achievement.4．What can be known about the author from the first paragraph?A．She would receive many gifts on her birthday.B.She hated going to school when she was young.C．She was very enthusiastic about boats and diving.D．She would go boating with her father over summer.5．How did the author feel when she read the note?A．Curious. B．Amazed.C．Doubtful. D．Excited.6．What happened to the bottle in the end?A．It was hidden in the wall again.B．It was thrown back into the river.C．It was brought back home by Michele.D．It was kept by the author as a souvenir.7．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?A．To stress the power of social media.B．To show off her great achievements.C．To mark her glass­bottom boat tours.D．To share her fun experience as a diver.C[2022·云南省第一次高三复习统一检测]More plants are growing and expanding around Mount Qomolangma as the area continues to experience the consequences of global warming, researchers have found.Scientists from the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom used satellite data to establish increases in subnival vegetation—plants that grow between the tree line and the snow line.Using NASA Landsat satellite data from 1993 to 2018, scientists measured“small but significant” increases in vegetation cover between 4，150 and 6，000 meters above sea level.“There are now more areas that are covered in p lants than there were in 1993，” said Karen Anderson, a remote sensing scientist who led the research.“We don't know what the impact is. It may be that plants trap snow and might cause it to melt more slowly. It might be that the plants cause the snow to melt more quickly，” she added.1.4 billion people depend on water collected in the region, and changes to water cycles and supplies could have far­reaching impacts, their research, published in the GlobalChangeBiology journal, said.“We know that plants a nd the water cycle are coupled，” Anderson explained. “Wherever you have plants growing, it changes the way the water cycle behaves inthose areas.”“This is particularly important in the Himalayas because glaciers are receding, and we know from lots of scientific work that this is already affecting water supplies in this region，” she added.Climate change is already having an impact on Himalayan communities. A 2019 study from Columbia University found that Himalayan glaciers have been losing almost half a meter of ice each year since the start of this century. This is already resulting in flooding for local communities, and could ultimately result in drought.In 2019, an assessment from the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development found that at least a third of the ice in the region could melt by the end of the century.8．What did Karen Anderson say about their finding?A．The increase in Himalayan vegetation is huge.B．The plants prevent snow from melting.C．Water supplies have been affected in the Himalayas.D．Loss of Himalayan glaciers is continuing each year.9．What does the underlined word “coupled” in Paragraph 7 probably mean?A．Contradicted. B．Balanced.C．Opposed. D．Linked.10．What can be inferred about the research of the Anderson team?A．It has not been published.B．It is based on remote sensing technology.C．It involves a great deal of field research.D．It is jointly conducted with Columbia University.11．What is the text mainly about?A.Climate change is making Mount Qomolangma lower.B．Plant life is expanding around Mount Qomolangma.C．Why this year has been so dangerous for Mount Qomolangma.D．Urgent research is needed to understand the increase in vegetation.D[2022·南京市、盐城市高三一模]I'm rather good at using maps. But I forgot the maps and here we were, late afternoon, last day of vacation, my daughter, my cousin and I, driving along a two­lane highway in Oregon. No other car in sight, and the sun had just gone down. Where was that sweet little village?It was supposed to be right along this river. We drove on, farther into the unknown river always at left as our guide. We kept passing farms and fields and now a few lights were coming out. In my head, I was doing a lot of self­criticisms: Why didn't we start earlier, bring the map and so on? My cousin and I were both impatient and stressed. My daughter, at least, was happy in the back seat, texting a friend.I pulled up on the shoulder of the road to think.Just then—Wow! Amazing! A new scene appeared. Where did it come from?Right there, out of nowhere: a magical misty landscape. Fields stretched in silent purple, with rows of tall trees, darkening in the dusk (黄昏). I turned the car engine off. All was silent in the hot summer air. Beside us, a plum­colored river hardly moved between a border of trees, its dark lazy water reflecting the last light of day.How breathtaking! Where had it been? If I had seen even a bit of this beauty while driving along, I could have stopped and taken a look. I had missed it all.We miss a lot, almost e verything, in fact, in our world. Our task­focused filters (过滤器) take care of that, selecting only what we need. We need to get to work. Have some lunch. We see what we need to see, often for purposes of survival. Gregory Bateson, speaking of beauty, said the judgment is selection of a fact. In our daily lives, who or what is doing the selecting? Can we make a change? Can we see further?12．Which of the following might be the destination of the author's driving?A．Her own home. B．A vacation spot.C．A tourist centre. D．Her cousin's farm.13．What made the author keep blaming herself in the beginning?A.That the vacation was below her expectations.B.That she wasn't as good at using maps as before.C．That her cousin and daughter couldn't get along.D．That lack of full preparations got her to lose her way.14．The author felt really amazed because ________．A.her carelessness brought an unexpected pleasureB.she discovered a tourist spot unknown to the publicC．she unintentionally reached what she had plannedD．the right route to her destination came out of nowhere15．What does the story intend to tell us?A．Stay cool when you are trapped in trouble.B.Make a change for the purpose of survival.C.Slow down your pace to enjoy the beauty in life.D．Be positive because there's always an alternative.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

专题 20 命题选材视角之语言学习40周年，随着改革向“深水区”推进，中外交流越来越多，语言学习或为高考的热门话题，通过阅读此类话题文章考生不仅可以领略西方语言尤其是英语的特点，而且可以了解语言背后的文化差异，从而培养考生积极的语言学习态度和浓厚的学习兴趣；培养考生良好的语言学习习惯。

在AThe Mandarin (普通话)­speaking figure spins around a 360­degree restaurant scene in an artificial intelligence­driven instruction program that looks like a giant video game. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute students testing the technology move inside the 12­foot­high projection (投影) to order virtual bean curd from the panda waiter, chat with Beijing market sellers and practice Tai chi by mirroring moves of a watchful teacher.“Definitely less anxiety than mess ing it up with a real human being，”says Rahul Divekar, a computer science graduate student. “So compared to that anxiety, this is a lot more easy.”The Mandarin Project is a joint enterprise of RPI and IBM. Cognitive and Immersive Systems Laboratory researchers are developing a sort of smart room that can understand students' words, answer their questions and observe their gesture s. Lessons are presented as games or tasks, like ordering a meal.Divekar orders Peking duck —“Beijing kaoya” — and the panda fetch es the virtual dish. Divekar says the food is good —“Cai hen hao chi” — but he can't pay the bill. No problem, the panda replies —“Ni keyi xi pan zi” — you can wash the dishes.Other scenes include an outdoor market and a garden, each a high-tech twist on cultural immersion.“Our plan is to complete several scenes of real life in China, to let the student be able to have a virtual trip over there，”says Hui Su, director of the lab at RPI.Tests on the room with students studying Mandarin will continue this school year as they work on additional scenes, including an airport. A six-week course is being readied for the summer.The Mandarin Project is notable for its scale and complexity. Computers interpret speech and gesture to keep a dialogue going. When a student points to a picture and asks “What's that？”computers can come up with an answer. Still, language teachers need not fear for their jobs just yet. Developers of the Mandarin Project say it isn't advanced enough right now to completely replace classroom instruction.RPI president Shirley Ann Jackson foresee s the same type of technology being applied to other space s, such as corporate boardrooms. “We're not at the end of the line，”Jackson says, “but closer to the beginning.”1．What is the advantage of learning via the Mandarin Project?A．It is thrilling.B．It is relaxing.C．It is effective. D．It is demanding.2．How do students learn Chinese in the Mandarin Project?A．By doing tests in the smart rooms.B．By learning from language teachers.C．By playing video games with Chinese.D．By conducting tasks in designed situations.3．Which of the following scenes is to be developed?A．Ordering food.B．Practicing Tai chi.C．Waiting at the airport.D．Buying things in a market.4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．Language teachers will be jobless soon.B．The technology has a promising future.C．The technology has come to an end.D．More foreigners will learn Chinese.BLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers，small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own pattern s of speech independent of each other. Some language expert s believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade，industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially globalization and better communications in the past few decade s, all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zone s have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000，Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800．The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half th e worlds’ languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers)，Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.5．What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A．They developed very fast.B．They were large in number.C．They had similar patterns.D．They were closely connected.6．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.7．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A．About 6,800．B．About 3,400．C．About 2,400．D．About 1,200．8．What is the main idea of the text?A．New languages will be created.B．Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C．Human development results in fewer languages.D．Geography determines language evolution.CLanguage learning apps are very popular now and offer opportunities to learn vocabulary and practice grammar. But there has been a discussion about just how effective such apps can be.Among the most popular apps are Duolingo and Busuu. Previous research found positive results on the use of them. But these apps mainly concentrated on study with learners who had signed up for language courses and they only worked as after-school support, so the results were not always reliable. A recent study of 4,095 Busuu users has been carried out aimed to find out if users can actually learn a language with an app.Busuu provides learning material s for 12 different languages. It offers a special model where some content isavailable for free while some content is not. We find that its users are an even mix of men and women. More than half consider themselves to be at the beginner level as there is a decrease in users as their language levels go up. Most people use the app because of personal interest, or because they want to study or live abroad. Female users tend to use it less often but for longer periods of time than male users.Getting any feedback on Busuu depends on whether your answer is correct or not. While it is helpful, this is not the sort of feedback language teachers prefer, as it does not explain why the answer is right or wrong. In spite of this, feedback in the app is very highly rated.More than 92% of respondent s state that the app has met their expectations and 86% rate the app very highly. In fact, more than 80% of the users surveyed strongly agree that using the app has helped them improve their knowledge of the language they are learning.Besides, language learning apps also create an environment where mistakes are only known to the users, and this can address the performance anxiety that many learners suffer from when asked to speak a foreign language. So language teachers should encourage their students to use them to do the grammar work, leaving precious class time for more language communication.9．The results of the former research weren't always dependable because ________.A．it was only carried out before classB．it didn't consider users in classC．it just focused on positive resultsD．it used out-of-date methods10．What can we learn about the app Busuu from the text?A．All the content is free to use.B．Most users consider it satisfying.C．It's used by more advanced learners.D．It's more popular with female learners.11．Which of the following can probably replace the underlined word “address” in the last paragraph?A．Deal with.B．Write down.C．Turn to. D．Speak of.12．What is the main idea of the text?A．Students won't suffer anxiety in learning languages by using Busuu.B．Language learning apps are effective and satisfactory to language learners.C．Language learning apps are very popular with most language teachers.D．Students should be required to use apps for homework after class.答案：A语篇解读：美国伦斯勒理工学院和国际商业机器公司共同开发了一种帮助人们学习普通话的新技术，它通过让学生做一些场景中的任务或游戏来学习，让学生感到很放松。

山西省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（80）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

AI was off to go back to work one evening when I saw my two children were busy sewing things on the sewing machine. My 11-year-old daughter was, in the midst of her project, going to assist her elder brother in making a little cushion. I left, and after a few hours returned to find a mess in the kitchen and in the front room, and both children sitting in front of the television.Having had a long day, I was too tired to greet them and then I noticed the material my daughter had used. It had been purchased to make a color-coordinated（颜色协调的）baby blanket, and now had chunks（块）cut out of almost every piece of fabric（织物）. Not stopping to listen, I exploded at the children and explained how angry I was at what had been done.My daughter listened to me sheepishly, not trying to defend herself at all, but the pain could be seen written across her face. She retreated to her room, and spent some time there alone before she came out to say good night and once again apologize for the mistake she had made.A few hours later, as I was preparing to go to bed, I found that there on my bed lay a beautiful, little cushion made out of the forbidden fabric, with the words “I LOVE MOM”. Alongside it was a note apologizing again, and the innocence in which she had taken the fabric.To this day, I still get tears in my eyes when I think of how I reacted and still feel the pain of my actions. It was I who then went to her and apologized for my actions. I display with great pride the cushion on my bed, and constantly use it to remind me that nothing in this world is greater than a child’s love.1. The underlined word can be replaced by “ ”.A. hopefully came upB. hopefully went backC. quietly came upD. quietly went back2. What did the children do?A. They cut out the material and made it into a baby blanket.B. They cut the material into pieces and used them to clean the TV set.C. They cut the material into pieces on which they wrote apologizing words.D. They made a cushion with the material to show their love for Mom.3. What can be inferred from the text?A. The two children are good at sewing.B. The two children are introverted（内向的）.C. The mother is often rude to her children.D. The mother is regretful for what she did.4. The passage is mainly to tell about .A. a mom’s tearsB. a mom’s loveC. a child’s loveD. a child’s complaintBIf you exhibit positive characteristics such as honesty and helpfulness, the chances are that you will be thought as a good-looking person, for a new study has found that the perception（认知）of physical attractiveness is influenced by a person’s personality.The study, led by Gary W. Lewandowski, has found that people who exhibit negative characteristics, such as unfairness and rudeness, appear to be less physically attractive to observers. In the study, the participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated（评分）them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information about their personalities.After personality information was received, participants also rated the probability of each individual’s becoming a friend and a dating partner. Information o n personality was found to significantly change the probability, showing that cognitive（认知的）processes modify（修改）judgments of attractiveness.“Thinking a person as having a desirable personality makes the person more suitable in general as a close relationship partner of any kind,” said Lewandowski.The findings show that a positive personality leads to greater expectation of becoming friends, which leads to greater expectation of becoming romantic partners and, finally, to being viewed as more physically attractive. The findings remained consistent regardless of how “attractive” the indiv idual was formerly thought to be or of the participants’ current relationship status.“This research provides a positive outcome by reminding people that personality goes a long way toward determining your attractiveness; it can even change people’s impr essions of how good looking you are,” said Lewandowski.5. What did participants do in the study?A. They exhibited negative characters such as unfairness and rudeness.B. They rated people’s attractiveness through photographs before and after knowing their personalities.C. They tried to make friends with each other.D. They tried to prove that positive characters make people more attractive.6. What’s the CORRECT order of how cognitive processes modify judgments of attractiveness?a. find a person having a positive personalityb. view him / her more physically attractivec. want to make friends with him / herd. want to be his / her romantic partnerA. a → b → c → dB. a → c → d → bC. a → c → b → dD. a → d → c → d7. Which of the following is WRONG?A. Personality can change people’s impressions of how good-looking you are.B. Positive personality may lead to more friends.C. The judgment of attractiveness remains unchanged after two people have become close friends.D. According to Lewandowski, the research reminds people to pay more attention to their personality.8. The passage is written in a（n）tone.A. subjectiveB. humorousC. doubtfulD. objectiveCJenny Bowen, an American living in Beijing, has been selected as the only American to carry the 2008 Beijing Olympic torch on Chinese soil. She and seven other non-Chinese winners werechosen from a pool of 262 applicants（申请者）from 47 countries in a contest organized by Chinese computer maker Lenovo Group and the official English-language newspaper, China Daily. When Bowen runs with the Olympic torch, she will not only be representing the United States, but also be representing thousands of Chinese orphans（孤儿）.Bowen, a mother of two adopted Chinese daughters, is the executive director of Half the Sky Foundation, an organization which was founded in 1998 and aims to enrich the lives and improve the prospects for orphaned children in China. In nearly 10 years, Bowen and Half the Sky have touched the lives of over 13,000 children. Half the Sky is now present in 36 welfare（福利）institutions in 28 Chinese cities. About 4,000 children are active in the program, which provides trained staff, educational tools, medical support and nurturing love for orphans.Bowen hopes that running with the Olympic torch would help draw attention to the children in China. She will be among 19,400 runners who will carry the flame along an 85,000-mile, 130-day route across five continents. Beijing organizers say it will be the longest torch relay in Olympic history.Like Bowen, the seven other non-Chinese winners, including a German engineer and a Venezuelan graphic designer, live in China. Other countries represented will be the Philippines, Colombia, India, Japan and Russia.According to Olympic organizers, candidates（候选人）were selected based on an online vote, committee selection, their “love of Chinese culture and history” and devotion to “communicating information of a real China to their native countries”. Each runner will carry the torch for 200 meters on Chinese soil.9. According to the text, Jenny Bowen ____.A. is interested in Chinese sportsB. founded Half the Sky, an organization which aims to help Chinese orphansC. has adopted 13,000 children during 10 yearsD. loves Chinese culture and history10. Bowen hopes that being a torch runner would help ____.A. collect educational tools, medical support, etc, for orphansB. make Half the Sky Foundation well knownC. communicate information of AmericaD. draw attention to orphans in China11. Which of the following about the 2008 torch relay is WRONG?A. The contest for its runners is organized by Lenovo Group and China Daily.B. It has eight foreign runners, including an American, a German and a Venezuelan.C. It will be the longest relay with the most runners in Olympic history.D. It will be an opportunity to communicate information of a real China to the world.12. What’s the best title for the passage?A. A US WOMAN TO CARRY 2008 OL YMPIC TORCH IN CHINA.B. HAPPY LIFE OF A US WOMAN IN CHINA.C. DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE WELFARE INSTITUTIONS.D. THE LONGEST TORCH RELAY IN OL YMPIC HISTORY.13. The text is a（n）____.A. biographyB. argumentC. news reportD. advertisementDSeveral European countries rang in the New Year in new ways.The smoke-filled cafe became a thing of memory in France. Cigarettes were forbidden in all indoor locations such as dance clubs, restaurants, hotels, casinos（赌场）and cafés from Jan. 1, 2008. President Nicolas Sarkozy gave the first traditional New Year’s greeting of his presidency, with a “message of hope, faith in life and in the future”.In Russia, Vladimir Putin delivered the last New Year’s Eve address of his eight-year presidency, boasting of（夸耀）economic improvements and claiming to have restored a sense of unity among Russians, who are likely to see him stay in power as Prime Minister after he steps down in a few months. In Moscow, thousands gathered in Red Square, watching a concert beneath the onion domes（圆顶）of St Basil’s Cathedral, and fireworks above.Along with the innovations, old traditions were maintained.More than a million people in New York’s Ti mes Square cheered at the 100th drop of a giant ball. A century ago the tradition began with a 700-pound ball of wood and iron, lit with 100 25-watt bulbs. This year’s event featured an energy-efficient ball clothed in Waterford crystals（水晶）, with 9,576 light-shining diodes（二极管）that generated a lot of colors.In London, people gathered in Trafalgar Square and along the banks of the River Thames to watch a firework display and hear Big Ben welcome the New Year with 12 resounding bongs.In Sydney — one of the first cities to celebrate the New Year — one million people cheered as fireworks were launched from the Harbor Bridge on New Year’s Eve.14. How many countries are mentioned in this passage?A. Four.B. Five.C. Six.D. Seven.15. The word “innovations” here means .A. strange ideasB. new waysC. scientific ideasD. traditional ways16. According to the passage, which of the following New Year celebrations can be TRUE?A. Tom and Tony enjoyed themselves in a café in Paris on Jan. 1, drinking and smoking.B. Jenny watched concert and colorful crystal balls in Red Square.C. Cindy and Polly walked along the bank of the River Thames and enjoyed fireworks.D. Kate stayed at home, watching Australian president’s N ew Year address through TV.17. We can infer from the passage that .A. cigarettes will be forbidden in all places in France in the futureB. Valdimir Putin will stay in power as Prime Minister after he ends his presidencyC. In New York’s Times Sq uare, high-tech played an important role in the celebrationD. Sydney is one of the first cities to celebrate the New YearEBBC Complaints Code of PracticeHow to complainThere are three stages in the process. Within 12 weeks from the transmission（播放）you can: ★ make a complaint via www. bbc. co. uk,★ or ring BBC Information on 08700 100 222,★ or write to BBC Complaints, PO Box 1922, Glasgow G2 3WT.Stage 1: What happens first when I make a complaint?You will receive a response when our research is complete. We aim to reply within 10 working days depending on the nature of your complaint.If we have made a mistake we will apologize and take action to stop it happening again.Stage 2: If I’m not satisfied with the reply, what can I do next?If your complaint was not about a specific programme, please contact the person who responded at first to take the matter further.If your complaint was about a specific item broadcast and you believe it has broken the BBC’s editorial standards, please write within 12 weeks to the Editorial Complaints Unit（ECU）, 5168 White City, Media Village, 201 Wood Lane, London W12 7TS.The ECU will independently investigate your complaint in writing, decide if it is justified, and ensure that the programme or the division takes appropriate action in response to the finding.Stage 3: If I still think the BBC has got it wrong what can I do?If your complaint was not about a specific programme, the BBC may refer it to senior management and if necessary to the Complaints Management Board.If you are dissatisfied with the decision of the ECU you can appeal to the BBC Trust’s Editorial Standards Committee（ESC）within eight weeks. It will consider both your appeal and the BBC’s response and decide whether you have a j ustified complaint.We aim to treat every complainant（投诉者）equally and with respect and expect equal consideration to be shown in return to our staff who handle complaints.18. What will the BBC do first when it receives a complaint?A. Reply to it and apologize.B. Research it.C. Send it to the related division.D. Hand it to the Editorial Complaints Unit.19. If you are not satisfied with the BBC’s first response, you may ____.A. ring BBC Information on 08700 100 222B. contact the person who responded at first if your complaint was not about a specific programmeC. write to the ECU if your complaint was not about a specific programmeD. appeal to the Complaints Management Board20. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?A. There are three stages in the BBC’s research of complaints.B. Whether your complaint is about a specific programme or not, you will be handled equally efficiently.C. The ESC will not only listen to you when handling the complaint.D. The BBC expects that complainants will show respect to its staff who handle complaints.1—20 DDDCB BCDDD CACBB CCBBA。

山西省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（17）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

AOne Sunday a few of us decided to take advantage of the first sunny day we’d have for ages to take a trip down to the coast to visit the penguins again. Last time I went down there was a couple of months ago and it was a dull cold day. Sunday couldn’t have been more different — clear skies and sunshine made it feel like summer, although it was still -25°C.Six of us drove to the coast. It was t he first time we’d been off the base on our own without our field assistant, so it had a slightly different feeling — more like a few friends going to the seaside than an Antarctic field trip! When we reached Windy Creek, we luckily caught sight of quite a few small flying seabirds, which are seldom seen there.Once on the sea ice we found that some of the more curious penguins had wandered over from the main group to come and check us out. We’d been told that then they were nursing their chicks (刚孵出的幼雏) and they would be more careful and nervous than last time, but that didn’t seem to be the case. We walked across to the main group which were stretched for a couple of miles along the coast. We sat down for some sandwiches and soon found ourselves surrounded by many curious observers. Without any attackers on land, they were very brave and came within a meter of us to pose (摆姿势) for photos.Before heading back, we spent a few hours on the sea ice watching the penguins and their chicks, which had grown dramatically (明显地) since our last visit. It was such a nice day.1. When did the trip most probably happen?A. On a dull Sunday.B. On a warm Sunday.C. On a summer Sunday.D. On a winter Sunday.2. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the six people _____.A. felt a little nervousB. felt a little excitedC. were left all by themselves on their Antarctic baseD. got bored with staying with their field assistant3. What does the writer mean by saying “but that didn’t seem to be the case”?A. They were told a lie.B. A wrong decision was made.C. The truth was the opposite.D. They didn’t believe what they were told.4. The six people did the following during the trip EXCEPT _____.A. feed the penguinsB. take pictures of the penguinsC. enjoy watching flying seabirdsD. watch the young penguinsBRegister （注册）in person, by phone 264-8833,or by mail. Use form given.178 IN Winchester St., ChicagoBasic Photography This is an eight-hour course for beginners who want to learn how to use a 35mm camera. The teacher will cover such areas as kinds of film, light and lenses （镜头）. Bring your own 35mm camera to class. Course charge: $ 50. Jan. 10, 12, 17, 19, Tues. &Thurs. 6:00-8:00 pm. Marianne Adams is a professional photographer whose photographs appear in many magazines.Understanding Computers This twelve-hour course is for people who do not know much about computers, but need to learn about them. You will learn what computers are, what they can and can’t do, and how to use them. Course charge: $ 75. Equipment charge: $10. Jan. 14, 21, 28, Sats. 7:00-9:50 pm. Joseph Saimders is Professor of Computer Science at New Urban University. He has over twelve years of experience in the computer field.Stop Smoking Do you want to stop smoking? Have you already tried to stop and failed? Now it’s the time to stop smoking using the latest methods. You can stop sm oking, and this twelve-hour course will help you do it. Course charge: $ 30. Jan. 4, 11, 18, 25, Wends. 4:00-7:00 pm. Dr. John Goode is a practicing psychologist （心理学家）who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking.Typing This course on week-days is for those who want to learn to type, as well as those whowant to improve their typing. You are tested in the first class and practice at one of eight different skill levels. This allows you to learn at your own speed. Each program lasts 20 hours. Bring your own paper. Course charge: $125. Materials charge: $ 25. Two hours each evening for two weeks. New classes begin every two weeks. This course is taught by a number of business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before.5．All the courses listed above are offered to the people .A．who live in the city of Chicago B．who are free in the eveningC．who want to take some special courses D．who like to learn something new6．Of all the courses mentioned in the passage, the shortest one is .A．Understanding Computers B．Basic PhotographyC．Stop Smoking D．Typing7．There are typing courses .A．on Saturdays and Sundays B．from Monday to FridayC．from Monday to Saturday D．on each day in the weekCHidden in our subconsciousness(潜意识）is a perfect mental picture. We see ourselves on a long trip that goes across the continent. We are traveling by train. Out the windows, we think in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving at a crossing , of cattle feeding on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant, or row upon row of corn and wheat, of flat lands and valleys, of mountains and rolling hills, of city skylines and village halls.But uppermost in our minds is the final destination. On a certain day at a certain hour, we will pull into the station. Bands will be playing and flags waving. Once we get there, so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will fit together like a completed jigsaw puzzle. How restlessly we pace the aisles, condemning(谴责）the minutes for loitering(虚度）— waiting, waiting, waiting for the station."When we reach the station, that will be it!”we cry. "When I’m 38." "When I buy a new 450SL Mercdes Benz!""When I put the last kid through college.""When I have paid off the debt!" "When I get a promotion.""When I reach the age of rement, I shall live happily ever after!"Sooner or later, we must realize there is no station, no one place to arrive at once and for all.The true joy of life is the trip. The station is only a dream.It constantly outdistances us."Relish(appreciate) the moment" is a good motto, actually it isn’t the burdens of today that drive man mad. It is the regret over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow. Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today.So stop pacing the aisles and counting the miles. Instead, climb more mountains, eat more icecream, swim more rivers, watch more sunsets, laugh more and cry less. Life must be lived as we go along. Then the station will come soon enough.8. Why does the author describe the mental picture?A. To lead us into a perfect world.B. To let people enjoy the scenery.C. To introduce an actual trip of his.D. To compare it to our lif e’s journey.9. How do people feel when they’re on their trip?A. Puzzled.B. Happy.C. Relaxed.D. Impatient.10. What does the author mean by "Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us oftoday" in Line 2 Paragraph 5?A. Regret and fear are responsible for the loss of today.B. We must be careful of the two thieves: regret and fear.C. Regret and fear stop us from enjoying our present life.D. We’re frequently challenged by the two: regret and fear.11. Why does the author write the passage?A. To teach us a good lesson.B. To tell us the right attitude to life.C. To advise us to forget our worries.D. To stop us wandering along the aisles.DDoctors’ moonlighting is becoming popular in hospitals around China. It h as not only raised a lot of heated discussions in the media, but also caught the attention of the central government in Beijing.On December 26, a spokesman of the Ministry of Health stressed that the ministry was firmly against doctors’ moonlighting, wh ile strict regulations should be applied to doctors takingpart-time jobs, the Xinhua News Agency reported.Last year, the Ministry sent out a notice to a variety of health organizations to speed up the reform of their personnel （人事）system. According to the notice, medical organizations can hire medical experts as part-time doctors but such activities should take place under the hospital’s management and regulations（规定）.As for moonlighting--meaning that the doctor provides medical service without the permission of the original hospital--such activity goes against China’s Practicing Doctor Law, Xinhua reported.In China, doctors used to be controlled by hospitals and they could work for only one hospital. However, as China’s medical personnel system reform developed, it has been recognized that medical human resources, just like human resources in other areas, should be shared by the whole society. But on the other hand, doctors’ taking part-time jobs should follow the relative regulations applied in the medical field.First of all, they should follow relative government laws and regulations. They should also follow the rules and regulations set by the medical organizations they work for. In addition, they should pay taxes for their income from the part-time jobs. What matters most is that they should first finish their regular jobs as required and be responsible for patients to ensure qualified and safe medical treatment.12. What is the greatest difference between moonlighting and taking part-time jobs?A. Doctors can earn more money by moonlighting than by taking part-time jobs.B. Doctors pay fewer taxes for the money made by moonlighting than by takingpart-time jobs.C. Taking part-time jobs is permitted by hospitals while moonlighting is-againstthe present regulations.D. Doctor’s part-time jobs, instead of moonlighting, are encouraged by health organizations. 13．From this passage we know that doctors are allowed to nowadays.A. only work for one hospitalB. work for more than one hospitalC. work any time when they are freeD. be out of control of hospitals14．The passage is taken most probably from .A. a notice sent out by the Ministry of HealthB. regulations made by health organizationsC. China’s Practicing Doctor LawD. a magazine or a newspaper15．According to the passage, we have got to know that .A. all doctors around China prefer moonlighting to part-time jobsB. moonlighting has been permitted by China’s practicing Doctor LawC. taxes should be paid for the money doctors get from their part-time jobsD. strict management policies have been adopted to direct the moonlightingA: DBCA B：CBB C：DDCB D：CBDC。

山西省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（79）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

AHorror seized the heart of the World War Ⅰ soldier as he saw his life-long friend fall in the battle. Caught in a trench（战壕)with continuous gunfire whizzing（发出呼啸声）over his head，the soldier asked his captain if he might go out into the “No Man's Land” between the trenches to bring his fallen comrade back.“You can go,” said the captain，“but I don't think it will be worth it. Your friend is probably dead and you may throw your o wn life away. ”The captain's words didn't matter, and the soldier went anyway.To one's surprise，he managed to reach his friend，raised him onto his shoulder，and brought him back to their company's trench. As the two of them fell in together to the bottom of the trench，the officer checked the wounded soldier, and then looked kindly at his friend. “I told you it wouldn't be worth it,” he said. “Your friend is dead，and your wound is deadly. ”“It was worth it，though，sir. ”the soldier said. “How do you mean…worth it‟?”responded the captain. “Your friend is dead!”“Yes sir. ”the soldier answered. “But it was worth it because when I got to him，he was still alive, and I had the satisfaction of hearing him say，…Jim，I knew you'd come. ‟”Many a time in life，whether a thing is worth doing or not really depends on how you look at it. Take up all your courage and do something your heart tells you to do so that you may not regret not doing it later in life.1. When the soldier saw his close comrade fall in the battle，he felt .A. surprisedB. excitedC. frightenedD. worried2. The phrase “No Man's Land”most probably means“”in the passage.A. the area on the court between the base line and the service lineB. an unoccupied region between opposing armiesC. a bare wasteland which can't be usedD. the area where there is no man3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. The soldier was wounded seriously.B. The captain cared about the soldier very much.C. The soldier brought his close comrade back.D. The captain thought the soldier's action was right4. The last paragraph implies that we should when we don't know how to choose in life.A. fellow our heartsB. do nothing but waitC. listen to others' suggestionD. regret what we have doneBA husband-and-wife team from California reached the Pacific Ocean after a 4，900-mile cross-country walk, becoming the first to backpack（背着背包旅行)the American Discovery Trail in one continuous walk.Marcia and Ken Powers，of Pleasanton，started the travel across 13 states，through 14 national parks and 16 national forests on Feb. 27 from Cape Henlopen in Delaware. Nearly eight months later，the excited couple walked through water into the Pacific Ocean at Point Reyes，a day ahead of time.“We are a little sad that a great adventure is over. It was a fantastic adventure. And now we go home and just de housework. It's really sad. ”Marcia，who said she's in her 50s，and her 60-year-old husband traversed cities，deserts，mountains and farmland before reaching the Pacific alone with arms around each other's backpacks.They overcame deep snow in the East，a quicksand in Utah，close lightning strikes in the Midwest and strong desert sandstorms in the West while averaging 22 miles a day and taking only four days off. But they enjoyed the French history of St Louis，the beauty of the Colorado Rockies and the kindness of strangers they met along the way.They particularly remember two brothers—a doctor and dentist—who put them up in their homes around Chester，Ill. ，after terrible days，and a motorcyclist who gave them water after they failed to find any on Utah's lonely Wah Wah Desert.“Americans are truly warm-hearted and wonderful people. ”Marcia Powers said. “We got to meet people that we would never meet in our daily living at home. We got to touch it with our feet and hands and smell all its scents（香味）and hear its wildlife. It's an amazing country，”she added.5. The underlined word “traversed” in the t hird paragraph means“”.A. enjoyedB. moved across，through or overC. overcameD. looked at6. After the long walk，Marcia and Ken Powers felt sad probably because .A. they had to do the heavy housework againB. they had no way to earn their livingC. they couldn't go on enjoying their walkD. they had experienced too many difficulties7. According to the text，we can infer that during the walk the couple .A. were treated warm-heartedly by the local peopleB. never stopped to have a restC. were ever caught in a heavy rain and became illD. felt the quicksand in Utah was very interesting8. Which one of the following will be the best tide for the text?A. A couple finished a 4,900-mile walk across AmericaB. A long and hard walk across AmericaC. An old couple reached the Pacific OceanD. An old couple enjoyed America for eight monthsCChinese scientist Qin Dahe was awarded the International Meteorological（气象学的)Organization Prize，the top prize of the world Meteorological Organization（WMO）on Tuesday.Qin，born in 1947，is a glaciologist（冰河学家). As a member of the 1989 International Trans-Antarctic Pole Expedition he became the first Chinese ever to cross the South Pole. Qin has published numerous ground-breaking articles using evidence gathered from that trip.“Inspired by the honor，I will continue my efforts to promote China's meteorological researches with our brilliant team members. ”Qin said at the cerem ony.“Meteorological and climatic conditions frequently go to extremes nowadays，against the background of global climate change. It poses a great challenge to human beings. ”Qin said. “Theundertakings shouldered by meteorological sciences will become mo re and more important. ”Chinese Vice Premier Hui liangyu said the prize not only reflected Qin's remarkable contributions，but also should be considered an honor for all China's meteorological scientists and researchers. He also spoke highly of China's meteorological contributions during the May 12 quake-relief work，the Beijing Olympics and Paralympics，as well as the Shenzhou 7 spacecraft‟s flight mission.Each year，WMO members nominate（提名）candidates for the prize for outstanding work in meteorology and contributions to international cooperation in meteorology. It is also regarded as the “Nobel Prize in Meteorology”.The Executive Council of the WMO decided to recognize Qin this June. He was the second Chinese scientist to win the prize. The academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Ye Duzheng，received it in 2003.9. The International Meteorological Organization Prize is intended to honor .A. world-famous glaciologists doing research in the South PoleB. those who made great contributions to the science of meteorologyC. those who have done a good job in quake-relief workD. scientists who promote meteorological researches10. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?A. Chinese scientist awarded top meteorological prize.B. A scientist who once crossed the South Pole.C. Nobel Prize in Meteorology.D. Scientist awarded by the government.11. Which of the following statements about Qin is NOT true?A. Qin was the first Chinese to cross the South Pole.B. Qin got much important information from the South Pole.c. Qin took an active part in the May 12 quake-relief work.D. Qin was the second Chinese to win the top prize of the WMO.12. What Qin said in the fourth paragraph shows .A. the change of global climate is naturalB. meteorology will play a key role in meeting climatic challengesC. humans can meet all challenges from natureD. global climate change has little effect on meteorological conditionsDIf you're a male and you're reading this，congratulations：you're a survivor. According to statistics，you're more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman，and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term，about 78 years for men in Australia, you'll die on average five years before a woman.There're many reasons for this—typically，men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke—but perhaps more importantly，men don't go to the doctor.“Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should. ”says Dr Gullotta. “This is particularly so for the over-40s，when diseases tend to strike. ”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45，it should be at least once a year.According to a recent survey，95％of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year，compared to 70％of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they're invincible（不可战胜的)，”，Gullotta says. “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf cours e and they think,…Geez，if it could happen to him. . . ‟”“Then there's the ostrich approach. Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know，”says Dr Ross Cartmill.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies，”Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.“Regular check-ups for men would surely place strain（紧张)on the public purse，”Cartmill says. “But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the disease. Besides，the final cost is far greater：it's called premature（未到期的)death. ”13. From the passage we can know the natural term for women in Australia is about years.A. 73B. 78C. 83D. 8814. What does the author think is the most important reason why men die five years earlieron average than women?A. Men drink and smoke much more than women.B. Men don't seek medical care as often as women.C. Men aren't as careful as women in face of dangerD. Men are more likely to suffer from serious disease15. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him. . . ” in Para. 6?A. it could happen to me, tooB. I should avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself luckyD. it would be a big misfortune16. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A. They may increase public expense.B. They will save money in the long runC. They may cause psychological strain on menD. They will enable men to live as long as women.EHigh-quality customer service is preached（宣扬)by many, but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done.Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store（零售店)，but instead will warn their friends，relatives，co-workers，strangers and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints，and often find out only when their regular customers decide to go often to their competitors，according to n study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School.“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers，”said Paula Courtney，President of the Verde Group. “The store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement. ”On average，every unhappy customer will complain to at least four others，and will no longer visit the specific store. For every dissatisfied customer，a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be very harmful to retailers.According to the research，shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. Ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.During peak shopping hours，some retailers solved the parking problems by getting part-time local police to work as parking attendants（服务员). Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts（布局)，pre-stocking sales items，hiring speedy and experienced cashiers，and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.Most importantly，salespeople should be flexible and polite with angry customers.“Retailers who're responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over（缓解)issues than those who aren't so friendly. ”said professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help. ”Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by complaining to the retailer，instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are finding it difficult to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.17. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?A. Most customers won't bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiencesB. Customers would rather tell their unhappy experiences to people around them.C. Few customers believe the service will be improved.D. Customers have no easy access to store managers.18. Shop owners often hire part-time police as parking attendants so that .A. shoppers can stay longer in the storeB. shoppers won't have trouble parking their carsC. shoppers won't have any worries about securityD. shoppers can find their ears easily after shopping19. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A. Manners of the salespeople.B. Hiring of efficient employees.C. Huge supply of goods for saleD. Design of store layout20. To achieve better shopping experiences，customers are advised to .A. bring pressure to bear on stores to improve their serviceB. settle their questions with stores in a flexible wayC. express their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD. shop around and make comparisons between stoles 1—20 CBDAB CAABA CBCBA BBBAC。

第二讲│主旨大意题一、题型解读主旨大意题是高考英语阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。

通常以概括文章或段落大意以及选择标题等形式出现。

主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，能够拉开考生的分数差距，所以此类题目在高考试题中具有很好的选拔作用，属于能力型题目。

主旨大意题一般分为三类：二、设问方式解答主旨大意题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。

1.标题归纳类主旨大意题的主要设题形式·What is the best title for this passage?·Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?·The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is ________.·The most suitable title of this passage is ________.·What would be the most suitable title for the text?·The suitable title of the passage may be ________.2.文章大意类主旨大意题的主要设题形式·What is the main idea of the passage?·The passage is mainly about ________.·Which of the following can best summarize the passage?·What is the subject discussed in the passage?·What does the passage mainly deal with?3.段落大意类主旨大意题的主要设题形式·The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that ________.·What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with?·What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 3?·Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph 1?·What is the main idea discussed in Paragraph 2?三、选项特征1.主旨大意题正确选项的特征(1)涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。