ORACLE数据库应用开发
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基于Oracle数据仓库应用技术的研究与实现本文介绍了数据仓库系统的设计与实现方法。
武汉科技大学硕学论士位文摘要一1第页数据仓库是一项基于数据管理和利用的综合性技术。
近年来,数据仓库技术在信息技术领域中日益成熟,己成为业界研究的重点。
企业要想在市场竞争中取胜,获得更大的经济效益,可以利用数据仓库技术,对企业的业务数据进行深层次的挖掘、分析历史和当前的业务数据以及相关环境的数据,快速获取其中有用的决策信息,为企业提供快速、准确和方便的决策支持。
数据仓库是面向主题的、集成的、变的时和非易失的数据集合,支持管理的决策过程。
数据仓库不是一个新的平台,而是一个新的概念。
数据仓库也不是一个现成的产品,而是一个解决方案。
数据仓库是在收集各种分散、异构数据源的基础上,对数据进行转换和集成,从而为决策者提供单一的分析环境,帮助其进行科学决策。
联机分析处理(LnAltc1rcigOA)O一ieayiaPoen,Lp是数据仓库的一个典型的应用。
nn它能将数据仓库中的数据按照不同的粒度级进行聚合和预计算,从而在用户面前展现多维数据视图。
同时,联机分析处理还提供了较直观的多维分析操作,包括切片、切块、上卷、下钻和旋转等,使用户能多角度、多层次地观察数据仓库中的数据。
本论文对面向决策支持的数据仓库技术进行了深入的研究,利用数据仓库和联机分析处理的相关知识,独立设计了钢铁销售决策支持的数据仓库系统的架构,建立了数据仓库系统,并在此基础上进行应用研究。
本文阐述了数据仓库的基本概念及特点、数据仓库的体系结构、数据仓库的数据组织、数据仓库的数据分析等知识,介绍了oal公司提供的rce基于oalg数据仓库解决方rcei案及其关键工具,在对本文的理论基础进行了详细的介绍后,研究了如何将数据仓库及联机分析处理有关理论、方法应用于决策支持系统中.完成的主要工作有:结合钢材销售主业务,构建数据仓库模型,划分了合同、销售及来款三个主题,建立了满足此模型需求OA三层客户/LP服务器体系结构,进而完成了为销售决策提供支持的数据仓库环境的设计;运用O工具实Bw现了部分系统需求数据的T转换;为了EL在两维的屏幕中显示多维数据,运用了最新的oaluieltlineol中的lcvrrrceBnnelgcTonoee及e相关工具,实现了LPO多维分析操作;A设计了oal数据仓库的应用模型,基于cer独立完成了某钢铁公司销售决策支持系统的数据仓库架构设计、建模及OA分析,LP从而实现了数据仓库系统在销售决策中的实际应用。
一、概述Oracle Application Express (APEX) 是一款基于Web的开发工具,可用于快速创建企业级的数据库驱动的应用程序。
它是Oracle数据库的一部分,可以快速地构建Web应用程序和报表。
二、概述在本文中,我们将探讨如何使用Oracle APEX开发一个简单的实例。
我们将使用一个假设的企业情景,并展示如何使用APEX来构建一个管理员工信息的应用程序。
三、设置环境1. 确保已安装Oracle数据库并启用了Oracle APEX。
2. 使用浏览器打开Oracle APEX的管理界面,创建一个新的应用程序。
四、创建数据表1. 在Oracle APEX的管理界面中,打开SQL Workshop,创建一个新的数据表。
2. 设计员工信息的数据表结构,包括尊称、性莂、出诞辰期、部门等字段。
3. 保存数据表并添加一些示例数据。
五、创建页面1. 在应用程序界面中,选择创建新的页面。
2. 选择一个合适的模板,例如标准的表格模板。
3. 关联刚刚创建的数据表,并选择需要显示的字段。
4. 保存页面并发布应用程序。
六、添加交互功能1. 在页面设计的界面中,添加一个新的按钮或信息,用于添加新的员工信息。
2. 在页面属性中,添加一个新的按钮动作,并配置为弹出一个模态对话框。
3. 设计模态对话框的界面,包括尊称、性莂、出诞辰期等输入字段。
4. 保存并发布应用程序。
七、测试应用程序1. 使用浏览器打开发布的应用程序,测试员工信息管理界面的功能。
2. 尝试添加新的员工信息,并验证数据是否能够正确地保存和显示。
3. 测试各种交互功能,例如搜索、分页等。
八、部署应用程序1. 当应用程序功能全部测试通过后,可以将应用程序部署到生产环境。
2. 设置应用程序的权限和访问控制,确保只有授权的用户能够访问。
3. 监控应用程序的性能和稳定性,及时处理可能出现的问题。
九、总结在本实例中,我们演示了如何使用Oracle APEX快速地开发一个简单的员工信息管理应用程序。
oracle forms builder开发流程英文版Oracle Forms Builder Development ProcessOracle Forms Builder is a powerful tool that allows developers to create interactive, database-driven applications. It offers a visual interface for designing forms, reports, and other user interfaces that can seamlessly integrate with Oracle databases. Here's a brief overview of the Oracle Forms Builder development process:1. Requirement Analysis:Begin by understanding the requirements of the application. Identify the necessary data fields, relationships, and business logic. Determine the user interface elements required, such as buttons, text fields, combo boxes, etc.2. Environment Setup:Ensure that you have the necessary software and licenses installed, including Oracle Forms Builder and the associatedOracle database. Set up your development environment, including the required tools and libraries.3. Database Design:Design the database schema based on the requirements. Create tables, views, and stored procedures as needed. Define relationships and constraints to ensure data integrity.4. Form Design:Open Oracle Forms Builder and start designing the form. Use the visual design tools to add controls, such as text fields, buttons, combo boxes, and other interface elements. Arrange these controls layout to create an intuitive and user-friendly interface.5. Data Binding:Bind the form controls to the database fields. Define the necessary data sources and queries to populate the form with data from the database. Set up triggers and event handlers to handle user interactions, such as button clicks or data validation.6. Logic Implementation:Implement the business logic using PL/SQL or other programming languages supported by Oracle Forms Builder. This includes data validation, calculations, and other operations required to process form data.7. Testing:Thoroughly test the form to ensure it functions correctly. Test various scenarios, including edge cases and error conditions. Use debugging tools to identify and fix any issues.8. Deployment:Deploy the form to the production environment. This involves packaging the form and deploying it to the server where it will be accessed by users. Ensure that the necessary dependencies and configurations are in place.9. Maintenance and Enhancements:Regularly monitor and maintain the form to address any issues or bugs that arise. Continuously improve the form based on user feedback and business requirements.中文翻译Oracle Forms Builder开发流程Oracle Forms Builder是一个强大的工具,允许开发人员创建交互式、基于数据库的应用程序。
1. ()是Oracle的定长数据类型。
A. DATE。
B. Varchar2。
C. NUMBER。
D. CHAR。
答案.D2. ()是DDL。
A. INSERT INTO TABLE。
B. CREATE TABLE 。
C. CREATE VIEW。
D. DELETE TABLE。
答案. A、D3. ()函数是按照某种分组方式计算出返回结果的排行,支持分组排名。
A. RANK。
B. REGR_R2。
C. ROLLUP。
D. COBE。
答案.A4. 假设需要更改Customer表中LogoutTime列的数据类型为DATE类型,可以使用如下()方式。
A.ALTER TABLE CUSTOMERmodify ( "LOGOUTTIME" DATE);B.ALTER TABLE CUSTOMERALTER ( "LOGOUTTIME" DATE);C.ALTER TABLE CUSTOMERmodify "LOGOUTTIME" DATE ;D.ALTER TABLE CUSTOMERALTER "LOGOUTTIME" DATE ;答案. A5. 假设需要删除CUSTOMER表上为STATUS列创建的检查约束CK_STATUS,可以采用如下()方式。
A.MODIFY TABLE CUSTOMERDROP CONSTRAINT CK_STATUS;B.UPDATE TABLE CUSTOMERDROP CK_STATUS;C.ALTER TABLE CUSTOMERDROP CK_STATUS;D.ALTER TABLE CUSTOMERDROP CONSTRAINT CK_STATUS;答案. D6. ()语句可以使用户设置事务处理的各种属性,例如它的隔离层次、它是只读的还是可以进行读写的、是否需要使用特定的回滚段等。
A. set savepoint。
orcale应用技巧大多数应用程序使用 OCI 的ODAC 标准方式来连接 Oracle 数据库服务器。
这是使用第三方开发语言设计 Oracle 应用程序最常用的方法。
所有的 OCI 接口都作为内部库来使用,使得编译生成的应用程序非常小。
但是,这需要在客户机上安装 Oracle 客户端软件,这使得安装和管理要花费额外的开销。
有时,安装 Oracle 客户端程序甚至是不可能的。
例如,如果你需要在远程计算机上设置你的应用程序,你不能提供特殊的文件支持。
ODAC Net 允许你的应用程序直接通过 TCP/IP 协议来连接 Oracle,而不需要 Oracle 客户端软件。
运行使用 ODAC Net 的应用程序,仅需要有一个支持 TCP/IP 协议的操作系统。
使用 ODAC Net 连接 Oracle 服务器,你需要知道 Oracle 服务器的地址,监听端口号以及数据库实例名称。
在你的应用程序中使用 Net 选项前,你只需要设置 TOraSession 对象的选项 Net 为True 且指定它的Server 属性为指定的数据库。
如果使用 ODAC 的标准方式通过 OCI 来连接数据库,你必须设置 Server 属性为 TNS 别名,但现在使用 ODAC 的 Net 选项,你只需要指定数据库字符串,格式如下: Host:Port:SID.这里, Host 指服务器地址, Port 指服务器监听端口号, SID 指特定的系统实例名称。
这里有个例子示范不使用 OCI 而连接数据库:varSession: TOraSession;. . . := True;ername := 'Scott';Session.Password := 'tiger';Session.Server := '205.227.44.44:1521:orcl';Session.Connect;注意:这些是你的应用程序要支持 Net 选项时所必须的。
1.8 习题:(1)关系型数据库管理系统,简称RDBMS。
(2)在关系型数据库中,标准二维表是基本的数据存储单元,里边存储了实体的属性和实体间的关系。
2.关系型数据库中,表与表之间包括的三种关系是:一对一、一对多和多对多。
(1)一对一:有两个表,表A和表B。
表A中的一条记录在表B中有一条记录与之对应。
反过来,表B中的一条记录在表A中也仅有一条记录与之对应。
(2)一对多:有两个表,表A和表B。
表A中的一条记录在表B中有多条记录与之对应。
反过来,表B中的一条记录在表A中仅有一条记录与之对应。
(3)多对多:有两个表,表A和表B。
表A中的一条记录在表B中有多条记录与之对应。
反过来,表B中的一条记录在表A中也有多条记录与之对应。
3.Oracle 10g提供了四个版本,分别是:Oracle 10g 标准版1、Oracle 10g 标准版、Oracle 10g 企业版、Oracle 10g 个人版。
(1)客户机/服务器结构:简称C/S结构,是软件系统的一种体系结构。
数据库和数据库管理系统运行在服务器端,各种Oracle管理工具运行在客户机上,二者通过SQL*NET进行通信。
(2)浏览器/服务器结构:简称B/S结构,是随着Web技术兴起后的一种新型软件系统结构。
它通常分为三层:数据库服务器,用来存储和管理数据库;应用程序服务器,与数据库服务器进行交互完成各种数据处理工作;客户端浏览器,与应用程序服务器进行交互,负责提交数据处理请求并获得和显示结果。
(3)SYS:该用户被默认创建并授予DBA角色,它是Oracle数据库中权限最大的管理员账号。
数据库中所有数据字典的基本表和视图都被存储在SYS的方案中,这些基本表和视图对于Oracle数据库的操作非常重要。
为了维护数据字典的正确性和完整性,SYS方案中的表只能由系统维护,不能被任何用户或数据库管理员修改,而且任何用户不能在SYS方案中创建表。
(4)SYSTEM:被默认创建并授予DBA角色权限仅次于SYS。
Oracle Database 10g: Building GIS Applications Using the Oracle Spatial Network Data ModelAn Oracle Technical White PaperMay 2005Table of Contents Abstract (3)Introduction (3)Oracle Spatial Network Data Model (5)Network Data Model Schema (5)Network Metadata (6)Network Tables (6)Oracle Spatial Network Data Model APIs (6)Network Data Model Analysis Capabilities (7)Modeling Network Applications (8)Network Constraints (8)Java Representations of Network Elements (8)Software Requirements (9)Using the Network Data Model (9)1. Create a Network (9)2. Visualize or Edit the Network (9)3. Analyze the Network (9)Network Data Model Editor (9)GIS Applications using the Network Data Model (10)Network Tracing Applications (10)Network Routing Applications (10)Network Allocation Applications (11)Using Network Constraints in Analysis (11)New Features in the Oracle Spatial 10g Network Data Model (13)Network Modeling: Link Direction (13)Network Analysis: Maximum Flow Analysis (14)PL/SQL Wrapper Package (14)Conclusion (14)References (14)ABSTRACTNetwork modeling, management, and analysis are common tasks for Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Network analysis includes routing (path computation) in transportation networks, tracing (accessibility) in utility networks, and resource allocation in decision-making and customer relationship management (CRM) applications. In this paper we present the Oracle Spatial network data model, an Oracle Database release 10g feature that lets users model and analyze networks. This feature simplifies network modeling, analysis, and management so that users can focus on application logic. The network data model provides an open, generic data model with many common GIS analysis capabilities. In addition, it fully supports Oracle Spatial objects of type SDO_GEOMETRY. GIS applications based on the Oracle Spatial network data model are discussed in this paper. INTRODUCTIONThere are two common types of GIS applications: applications that deal with spatial proximity, and applications that deal with both spatial proximity and connectivity. For many applications queries on spatial proximity, which mainly consider metrics like Euclidean or geodetic distances, are sufficient. However, there are instances when connectivity needs to be taken into account, such as in finding the shortest distance between two locations in a road network. Many GIS applications are networks that require modeling and analysis on object relationships (connectivity). Figure 1 shows a road network of New York City.Figure 1. New York City Road Network (60384 nodes, 151962 links. Source: NavStreets from NavTech)Oracle Spatial has supported spatial objects since release 8.1.5. A complete set of indexes, operators, and functions is available for managing information based on spatial proximity. The network data model extends Oracle Spatial to deal with connectivity. Currently there are many GIS vendors offering network solutions; however, their solutions may have the following issues:• Their data model is stored in proprietary file formats, and cannot be integrated with their database.• The data model and analysis capabilities cannot be extended.• Application information cannot be separated from connectivity information.• Spatial information management and hierarchical relationships are not directly supported.To address these issues, Oracle Spatial network data model does the following: • Provides an open and persistent network data model.The network data model is stored as relational tables in the database and ismanaged through SQL.• Simplifies network data management and analysisPL/SQL and Java APIs are provided for network data management andanalysis.• Separates connectivity and application information in the data model Connectivity information can be separated from application information.Both application information and connectivity information are managed inthe database. However, only connectivity information is required fornetwork analysis.• Allows the extension of data model and analysis capabilitiesThe Java API provides representations of network elements as JavaInterfaces. Users can define their own network elements by extendingthese interfaces. As a result, users can implement their own user-definedrepresentations and analysis functions.• Integrates with Oracle Spatial technology for spatial information managementThe network data model supports all Oracle Spatial data types.This paper is organized as follows: it presents the network data model database schema, APIs and architecture; shows how to use the data model; presents several GIS network applications built on top of the data model; discusses how to use network constraints to enhance analysis capabilities; and discusses the network data model editor that is used to edit and visualize networks.ORACLE SPATIAL NETWORK DATA MODELThe network data model consists of two parts: a network schema and network APIs. The network schema is the persistent data storage used to store network information. The network APIs contain a PL/SQL package for data management in the database and a Java API for data management and analysis on the client-side (via Java JDBC drivers).Network Data Model SchemaA network contains network metadata, a node table, and a link table. In addition, path information (path table and path-link table) can be stored with the network if desired. Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a network in the database. Note that only connectivity information is stored. Additional application information can be stored in the network tables, or in other tables and referenced by foreign keys.Figure 2. Oracle Network Data Model (Schematic View)Network MetadataNetwork metadata provides general information about networks. It includes the following network details:• Directed or undirected• Logical or spatial• Hierarchical or flat• Information about nodes, links, and paths• Geometry information -- for spatial networksNetwork TablesAn Oracle network contains two tables: a node table and a link table. A path table can be added if needed. Figure 2 shows the schema for the network data model, which includes these tables. The schema represents the information necessary for network management and analysis. Application attributes can be added to these tables or referenced from other application tables (through foreign keys). Note that the network data model is also capable of handling geometry information. That is, the network data model can represent both logical and spatial network applications. Adding geometric data to a logical network will allow the logical network to be displayed.Oracle Spatial Network Data Model APIsThe network data model provides a PL/SQL API and a Java API for network management on the database and client sides. The Java API can also be used for network analysis. The three-tiered network data model application architecture is shown in Figure 3.Figure 3. Network Data Model ArchitectureNetwork Data Model Analysis CapabilitiesThe following analyses are supported in the network data model:• Shortest Path: The shortest path from node A to node B• Accessibility Analysis: Is node A accessible from node B?• Minimum-Cost Spanning Tree: What is the minimum-cost tree that connects all nodes?• Within Cost Analysis: What nodes are within a given cost from (to) a given node?• Nearest Neighbors: What are the N nearest neighbors of a given node?• K Shortest Paths: What are the K shortest paths from node A to node B?• Connected Components Analysis: Label connected components with IDs.• Graph Operations: Graph union, intersection, and difference.• Traveling Salesman Problem: What is the minimum-cost tour that visits a set of cities?• Single Source, Single Sink Maximum Flow Analysis: What is the maximum allowable flow that can flow from the source node to the sink node?(Oracle Spatial 10g Release 2)Modeling Network ApplicationsThe network data model takes a generic approach to solving network problems, by separating connectivity information from application-specific information. Figure 4 shows how a typical network application can be modeled and analyzed. First the network connectivity information (node connections and link cost) is extracted and separated from the application-specific information. Application-specific attributes are stored, if needed, with the connectivity information or separately. Once the connectivity information is extracted, network analysis is conducted on the generic model. Additional network constraints can also be considered. The final result is then mapped to application-related attributes, and displayed. This approach avoids customized network solutions and simplifies the data management of connectivity and application-specific information.Figure 4. Network Modeling and Analysis Using the Network Data ModelNetwork ConstraintsThe network data model introduces the concept of network constraints, which provides a mechanism to guide network analysis. For example, you may want to compute the shortest path that passes through network links of a specific type. With network constraints, applications can easily incorporate application-specific logic into the network data model analysis engine without knowing how the engine works. Other constraints, such as path depth, or cost, can also be included in analysis. The network constraint is a Java interface and must be implemented by the application.Java Representations of Network ElementsThe Java network representations (network, nodes, links, and paths) are defined as Java interfaces and can therefore be extended. These interfaces specify the necessary behaviors for the network and its elements. In addition to these interfaces, user-defined analysis functions can be used by applications, allowing the modeling and analysis capabilities of the network data model to be extended.Software RequirementsThe Spatial network data model is shipped with Oracle Database release 10g. The PL/SQL package is pre-loaded in the database and required Java .jar files are provided; the Java API supports JDK (or JRE) version 1.3 or later. The network editor is also included as a utility tool for the network data model. For more information, see the Oracle Spatial Topology and Network Data Models manual. USING THE NETWORK DATA MODELThis section explains the usage of the network data model. There are three major steps.1. Create a Network1. Create and populate network tables and add metadata to the database.2. Create a Java network object using the Java API and save it to thedatabase.2. Visualize or Edit the Network1. Load a network from the database or an XML representation.2. Visualize or edit the Java network object using the network data modeleditor. Store the network in the database, if needed.3. Analyze the Network1. Load a network into a Java network object.2. Conduct network analysis. Save the path results, if needed.NETWORK DATA MODEL EDITORThe network data model editor is a standalone Java application that helps create, edit, and visualize networks. The editor supports viewing operations such as pan, zoom, and auto-fit. It also provides functions to navigate between network elements. All analysis functions are supported in the editor. With the editor, users can create a network from scratch in the client-side and save it to the database. The editor is configurable on element styles, colors, and sizes. Figure 5 shows the network data model editor.Figure 5. Network Data Model EditorGIS APPLICATIONS USING THE NETWORK DATA MODELGIS network analysis may include network tracing, network routing, and network allocation.Network Tracing ApplicationsTracing applications deal with queries like Is node A reachable from node B? or What are the nodes that are reachable or can be reached from a given node? Such queries are common in water or utility networks. Another type of tracing analysis is to find out how many connected components are in a network. Figure 6 shows some such queries.Figure 6. Reachable and Reaching AnalysisNetwork Routing ApplicationsRouting analysis or path computation, probably the most studied topic in network applications, is divided into the following categories:• Shortest Path or Fastest Path (transitive closure problem) (see Figure 7).• K Shortest Paths: Find k shortest paths from a start node to a destination node.• Traveling Salesman Problem (see Figure 7): Find a minimum-cost tour that passes a set of locations.Figure 7. Shortest Path and Traveling Salesman ProblemNetwork Allocation ApplicationsAllocation analysis deals with designating destination points within a network. It provides information on a service area or coverage for points of interest. The network data model supports the following allocation analyses (see Figure 8):• Within Cost: Find all points of interest within a certain distance from a designated location.• Nearest Neighbors: Find the N nearest restaurants to a designated location.• Minimum-Cost Spanning Tree: Find the cheapest way to connect all nodes.Figure 8. Nearest Neighbors, Within Cost, and Minimum Cost Spanning Tree AnalysisUsing Network Constraints in AnalysisConstraints are conditions to be satisfied during analysis. The network data model supports network constraints so that applications can impose application-specific conditions on the network during analysis. The Java interface NetworkConstraint canbe implemented by the user, and passed into any network data model analysis function. Figure 9 shows analysis information that is available for users to implement their network constraintsFigure 9. Analysis Information for Network ConstraintsThe following are some examples of network constraints:• Depth (number of links), cost, and MBR constraintsNetwork analysis can be limited based on the depth of the search path, thecost limit, or the area (minimum bounding rectangle) where the analysisoccurs. These constraints can be used to specify a preferred subset ofpossible solutions. The network data model provides a SystemConstraintclass (which implements the NetworkConstraint class) for these commonnetwork constraints. Users can create an instance of SystemConstraint anduse it in analysis.• Temporarily inactivated nodes or linksSometimes nodes or links must be temporarily turned off before analysisbegins, for example, road segments (links) under construction in a roadnetwork, or water valves (nodes) shut down for repair in a water network.You can make a node or link inactive by setting its state to false. Networkelements that are inactive will not be considered during analysis. Note thatchanging the state of nodes and links does not affect the persistent datamodel.• Routing with specific types of links and nodesSometimes network analysis must only be conducted through nodes andlinks of specific types or with specific requirements.• Turn restrictionsTurn restrictions are constraints involving two links. They are common inrouting for transportation networks. In the following example, aprohibited turn is represented by a start link and an end link (see Figure10). For intersections with turn restrictions, such as no “U” turn or no leftturn, if the search encounters the start link of a prohibited turn, the searchdoes not continue through the end link of that prohibited turn. This typeof restriction can be easily modeled using NetworkConstraint, sinceinformation on the current link and next link is made available to users.Figure 10. Turn Modeling for Road NetworksNEW FEATURES IN THE ORACLE SPATIAL 10G NETWORK DATA MODELWith Oracle Spatial 10g Release 2, the network data model provides the following features:Network Modeling: Link DirectionThe directionality of a link can be further specified at the link level. Unlike the network directionality that determines the directions of all links, a directed network can have links that are directed or bi-directed. A BIDIRECTED column can be added to the link table and used to indicate if a directed link is bi-directed. This modeling enhancement will reduce the storage requirement for directed networks with non-homogeneous link directions (unidirectional and bidirectional).Network Analysis: Maximum Flow AnalysisThe maximum flow analysis function is provided for a single source and single sink flow network. Each link in a flow network has a flow capacity associated with it. The goal of this function is to find the maximum allowable flow that can flow from the source node to the sink node. This type of analysis is commonly seen in communication or logistics network planning.PL/SQL Wrapper PackagePrior to Oracle Spatial 10g Release 2, only the network data model Java API could be used for network editing and analysis. Now, a PL/SQL wrapper package is also provided that helps users edit and analyze networks in PL/SQL. This wrapper package provides nearly equivalent functionality as the Java API. It is done through database Java stored procedures and Java virtual machine in Oracle. CONCLUSIONThe Oracle Spatial network data model, available with Oracle Spatial 10g, is a generic network (graph) modeling and analysis environment for network applications. GIS applications for routing, tracing, and allocation have been discussed. The network data model provides an open, easy-to-use, scalable, efficient, and manageable approach to developing GIS network applications. We are currently working with our customers and partners to extend the modeling and analysis capabilities of the network data model.REFERENCESOracle Spatial Topology and Network Data Models, Oracle Corporation.Oracle Spatial User’s Guide and Reference, Oracle Corporation.Oracle Linear Referencing System: A Technical White Paper, Oracle Corporation. Oracle Spatial Network Data Model: A Technical White Paper, Oracle Corporation.Building GIS Applications Using the Oracle Spatial Network Data Model: An Oracle Technical White Paper May 2005Author: Jack Chenghua WangContributors: Vishal Rao, Nicole AlexanderOracle CorporationWorld Headquarters500 Oracle ParkwayRedwood Shores, CA 94065U.S.A.Worldwide Inquiries:Phone: +1.650.506.7000Fax: +1.650.506.7200Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.This document is provided for information purposes only and thecontents hereof are subject to change without notice.This document is not warranted to be error-free, nor subject to anyother warranties or conditions, whether expressed orally or impliedin law, including implied warranties and conditions of merchantabilityor fitness for a particular purpose. We specifically disclaim anyliability with respect to this document and no contractual obligationsare formed either directly or indirectly by this document. This documentmay not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without our prior written permission.Oracle, JD Edwards, and PeopleSoft are registered trademarks ofOracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarksof their respective owners.。
Oracle数据库应用与开发模拟题题库1.()是Oracle维护数据库中其他文件的列表、数据库名称和系统改变号(SCN)的文件。
(第二章)A.控制文件。
B.参数文件。
C.数据文件。
D.可执行文件。
答案.A2.Oracle数据库被划分为()的逻辑存储单元,该逻辑存储单元本身由操作系统磁盘文件和原始分区组成。
(第二章)A.表空间。
B.联机重做日志文件。
C.归档重做日志文件。
D.回滚段。
答案.A3.()是包含Oracle数据库中所有数据的数据库对象。
(第二章)A.视图。
B.索引。
C.存储过程。
D.表。
答案.D4.()是为了加速对特定表数据的访问而创建的数据段。
(第二章)A.视图。
B.索引。
C.存储过程。
D.触发器。
答案.BA.两者都只能存储日期数据,不能存储时间数据。
B.两者都只能存储时间数据,不能存储日期数据。
答案.D6.可以自动执行操作的存储对象是()。
(第二章)A.程序包。
B.函数。
C.过程。
D.触发器。
答案.D7.当Oracle创建数据库时,所有为数据库的数据字典所建立的基本表和视图都存储在()模式中。
(第二章)A.SYS。
B.SYSTEM。
ER。
D.TEMP。
答案.A8.()是Oracle数据库对象的别名,可以强化对象的安全性。
(第二章)A.触发器。
B.视图。
C.表。
D.同义词。
答案.D9.()是具有只读类型的表和视图集,存储了数据库的物理和逻辑结构信息。
(第二章)A.表空间。
B.盘区。
C.数据字典。
答案.C10.()是一组Oracle进程和SGA。
(第二章)A.实例。
B.数据库。
C.表空间。
D.实体化视图。
答案.A11.()可以用于存储4Gb字节的数据。
(第二章)A.Clob。
B.Blob。
C.Te某t。
D.Varchar2。
答案.A12.NUMBER数据类型存储的最大精度是()。
(第二章)A.12。
B.38。
C.127。
D.64。
13.当需要描述一个表table1对象结构时,可以使用();(第三章)A.DEStable1。
ORACLE数据库应用开发
一、ORACLE中的SQL(Oracle SQL & PL/SQL)(55分)
1、DML(20)
(1)Select
·函数的使用
·Like、In、Between…and…、Exists、Is Null
·联接查询
·子查询
(2)Insert
·Insert Into … Values…
(3)Update
·Update .. Set … Where…
(4)Delete
·Delete From … Where …
2、DDL(15分)
(1)表
·创建表:Create
·修改表:Alter (约束)
·删除表:Drop Truncate
(2)视图:
·创建、修改、删除视图
·在视图上执行查询、插入、更新、删除等操作
(3)索引
·创建、修改、删除视图
(4)同义词
·创建、删除视图
(5)序列
·创建、修改、删除视图
·如何获取序列的值(当前值、下一个值)
3、PL/SQL(20分)
(1)PL/SQL语句块
·变量定义和赋值、变量的数据类型
·简单类型:字符、数值、布尔、时间
·复杂类型:记录、集合、数组、%RowType、%Type
·引用类型:ref
·大对象类型:BLOB、CLOB、NCLOB
·外部类型
(2)过程:Create 、Create Or Replace、Alter、Drop、
(3)函数:Create 、Create Or Replace、Alter、Drop、
(4)触发器:Create 、Create Or Replace、Alter、Drop、
(5)包:包头、包体
(6)游标
二、开发基于ORACLE的数据库应用程序(J2EE)(35分)
1、JDBC(25)
(1)如何搭建开发环境
(2)开发步骤
·注册驱动程序:Class.forName()
·创建连接:DriverManager,getConnection();
·创建数据库访问对象:Statement PreparedStatement CallableStatement
[·设置相关参数]
·执行SQL语句:Execute ExecuteQuery
·处理返回的结果:ResultSet
·关闭相关对象:rs.Close conn.Close
[·释放相关对象]
(3)注意的内容
·多表连接
·事务
·代码封装
2、IBATIS(5)
(1)开发环境
(2)配置文件
(3)映射文件
(4)调用方法
3、HIBERNATE(5)
(1)开发环境
(2)配置文件
(3)映射文件
(4)调用方法
三、ORACLE管理(DBA)(10分)
1、体系结构
·体现结构
·存储结构
·内存结构
·数据字典
2、存储结构
·物理结构:数据文件、日志文件、控制文件
·逻辑结构:实例(数据库服务器)、表空间、数据库对象(表、过程、索引、视图、….)3、管理工具
·管理工具:SQL/PLUS、ISQL/ PLUS、OEM、DBCA、NET MANAGER、….
·服务器的启动和关闭
4、用户与权限
·权限类别
·用户管理
·角色管理
·权限管理
5、表空间
·创建、修改、删除
·表空间与数据文件的关联
四、期末考试
1、选择题:单选或不定项选择(20题40分-60分)
2、写SQL语句(3-4题20-30分)
3、操作题(1大题N小题20-30分)(多表连接、事务、过程)
五、其他相关主题
1、认证考试
2、期末作业
3、上课案例。