英国文学考试范围

英国文学考试试题英国文学考试试题英国文学考试是一项重要的学术考试，旨在考察学生对英国文学的理解和分析能力。

本文将从不同的角度探讨英国文学考试试题，包括试题类型、考试要求以及备考技巧等方面。

一、试题类型英国文学考试试题种类繁多，主要包括选择题、解答题和论述题。

选择题是考察学生对文学作品的基本知识和理解能力，要求学生在给定的选项中选择正确答案。

解答题则要求学生对文学作品进行深入的分析和解读，回答问题或完成特定的任务。

论述题是考察学生对文学作品的整体理解和批判性思维能力，要求学生通过论述来表达自己的观点和见解。

二、考试要求英国文学考试要求学生具备一定的文学素养和批判性思维能力。

学生需要熟悉英国文学的经典作品，了解其背景、主题和文学手法等方面的知识。

同时，学生还需要具备分析和解读文学作品的能力，能够理解作者的意图和作品的内涵，并能够准确表达自己的观点和见解。

三、备考技巧备考英国文学考试需要一定的技巧和方法。

首先，学生需要系统地学习和掌握英国文学的基本知识，包括作品的背景、作者的生平和作品的主题等方面的内容。

其次，学生需要注重阅读和理解文学作品，通过分析和解读来深入理解作品的内涵和意义。

此外，学生还可以参加文学研讨会或小组讨论，与他人交流和分享自己的观点和见解，以提升自己的思考能力和表达能力。

四、考试策略在考试中，学生需要合理安排时间，根据试题的要求和分值来确定答题顺序。

选择题可以先做，然后再解答和论述题。

在回答解答题和论述题时，学生需要仔细审题，理清思路，提炼出关键点，然后用清晰、简明的语言进行表达。

同时，学生还需要注意语言的准确性和逻辑性，避免出现错误或不严谨的表达。

总之，英国文学考试试题涵盖了多个方面的内容，要求学生具备一定的文学素养和批判性思维能力。

备考时，学生需要系统地学习和掌握英国文学的基本知识，注重阅读和理解文学作品，并参与讨论和交流，以提升自己的思考和表达能力。

在考试中，学生需要合理安排时间，仔细审题，理清思路，并用准确、简明的语言进行表达。

英国文学知识简介(English Literature)一、中古时期英语文学（Old and Medieval English Literature）1．考核知识点和考核要求：1) 英国中古时期主要的文学作品（《贝奥武甫》，《高文爵士与绿色骑士》）2) 主要的作家、作家概况及其代表作品2．英国中古时期的主要作家杰弗里?乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer（首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。

约翰?德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。

代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。

）二、英国文艺复兴时期文学（The Renaissance Period）1．考核知识点和考核要求：1) 主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色、代表作品及其语言风格2) 名词解释：十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗2. 英国文艺复兴时期主要作家：埃德蒙?斯宾塞Edmund Spenser （后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。

）托马斯?莫尔Thomas More (欧洲早期空想社会主义的创始人，以其名著《乌托邦》而著名)克里斯托夫?马洛C hristopher Marlowe （代表作《浮士德博士的悲剧》根据德国民间故事书写成;完善了无韵体诗。

）威廉?莎士比亚William Shakespeare （英国著名剧作家、诗人，著有“四大悲剧”）弗朗西斯?培根Francis Bacon （哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。

）约翰?邓恩John Donne （“玄学派”诗人）约翰?弥尔顿John Milton（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》）三、英国新古典主义时期文学（The Neoclassical Period）1．考核知识点和考核要求：1) 主要作家及其主要作品、作品的艺术特色及其文学流派。

2) 启蒙运动产生的背景。

2．英国新古典主义时期文学主要作家：约翰?德莱顿John Dryden（批评家和戏剧家；在英国被封为第一位“桂冠诗人”；最先提出“玄学诗人”一词；他创造的"英语偶句诗体",成为英国诗歌的主要形式之一。

一、english renaissance 文艺复兴1、william shakespeare 威廉。

莎士比亚Sonnets 骚体十四行诗五步抑扬格四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（Othello）、《麦克白》（Macbeth）、《李尔王》（King Lear）。

四大喜剧：《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of venice）、《仲夏夜之梦》（A Midsummer Night's Dream）、《皆大欢喜》（As You Like It）、《第十二夜》（Twelfth Night）。

To be or not to be.That is a question. 生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。

（哈姆雷特）Hamlet is the greatest tragedy of his hamlet,the melancholic scholar-prince,faces the dilemma between action and mind.二、17世纪早期2、John Dunn约翰·多恩“玄学派诗人” Metaphysical poets“Song”、“devotions upon emergent occasions”紧急时刻祈祷文、“poems”诗歌“The flea”跳蚤（男主人公试图劝诱情人放弃无用的贞操观，与他及时行乐）3、jone milton 约翰。

弥尔顿英国文学巨匠“On the morning of christ’s nativity”圣诞清晨歌、“areopagitica”论出版自由“When I consider how my light is spent”(十四行诗)“Paradise lost”失乐园无韵体五步抑扬格（the story of Satan’s rebellion against God, and of the disobedience and fall of Adam and Eve. It is the only generally acknowledged epic in english literature since Beowulf.）三、复辟和十八世纪4、daniel defoe 丹尼尔。

a level英国文学
A-level 英国文学是英国中学阶段的高级水平考试科目之一。

它涵盖了英国文学的各个不同时期和流派，帮助学生深入了解英国文学的发展和特点。

A-level 英国文学的课程内容通常包括以下几个主要方面：
1. 文学史和文学流派：学生将研究英国文学的主要时期，如文艺复兴时期、启蒙时期、维多利亚时代等，并了解不同时期文学作品的特点和创作风格。

2. 文学分析和解读：学生将学习如何进行文学作品的分析和解读，包括理解作品的主题、情节、角色塑造等，以及理解作者在作品中传达的意图和观点。

3. 文学作品的背景和历史：学生将了解文学作品的背景和历史背景，包括作者的生活和时代背景对作品创作的影响。

4. 文学批评和评论：学生将学习如何进行文学批评和评论，包括对文学作品进行评价和分析，以及理解不同批评流派和观点的比较。

在 A-level 英国文学考试中，学生通常需要阅读和分析一些经典文学作品，包括莎士比亚的戏剧、奥斯汀的小说、雪莱的诗歌等。

此外，学生还需要写论文和文章，展示对文学作品的深刻理解和批评能力。

通过 A-level 英国文学考试，学生可以进一步深入了解英国文学的各个方面，并为进一步学习相关专业如英语文学、文化研究等做准备。

此外，它也可以为学生在大学申请时增加文学方面的学术背景和能力。

英美文学选读自学考试大纲一、考试简介英美文学选读自学考试旨在测试考生对于英美文学的基本概念、发展历程、重要作家及其作品的掌握程度，以及对于英美文学的基本理论和分析方法的了解和运用能力。

考试形式为闭卷笔试，考试时间为180分钟，满分为100分。

二、考试内容1、英美文学基本概念及发展历程（20%）测试考生对于英美文学的基本概念、发展历程和重要时期的了解和掌握程度。

2、英美文学重要作家及其作品（30%）测试考生对于英美文学的重要作家及其代表作品的了解和掌握程度，包括但不限于莎士比亚、简·奥斯汀、托尔斯泰、海明威等。

3、英美文学的基本理论和分析方法（30%）测试考生对于英美文学的基本理论和分析方法的了解和掌握程度，包括但不限于新批评、结构主义、后现代主义等。

4、阅读理解与写作能力（20%）测试考生的阅读理解能力和写作能力，包括对于所给文本的理解、分析、评价和论述能力。

三、考试形式及题型1、单项选择题（20分）要求考生从四个选项中选择一个最符合题意的答案。

2、多项选择题（20分）要求考生从五个选项中选择两个或以上的答案。

21、简答题（20分）要求考生用简短的语言回答问题，考查考生的理解和概括能力。

211、分析题（30分）要求考生对所给的文学作品进行分析、评价和论述，考查考生的分析能力和语言表达能力。

2111、写作题（10分）要求考生根据给定的题目和要求进行写作，考查考生的写作能力和语言表达能力。

四、自学建议系统学习英美文学基本知识：了解英美文学的发展历程、重要时期和流派，掌握基本概念和理论。

阅读重要作家作品：选择一些经典作家及其代表作品进行阅读和研究，深入了解作家的创作风格和思想内涵。

培养阅读和分析能力：通过阅读和分析文学作品，提高自己的阅读能力和分析能力，掌握基本的文学分析方法。

加强写作训练：通过写作练习，提高自己的写作能力和语言表达能力，为考试做好准备。

英美文学选读复习资料一、英国文学1、文艺复兴时期：代表人物：莎士比亚、培根、哈姆雷特等。

Part One Early and Medieval English LiteratureChapter 1 The Making of EnglandI.The Britons : a tribe of Celts, the early inhabitants in the Island, form which (Britons)Britain ( i.e. Land of Britons) got its name.（识记，重点）II.The Roman Conquest : In 55 B.C. Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar, the Roman conqueror. The Roman conquest lasted for about 400 years (to AD 410). Road systems in London were built. （识记，重点）III.The English Conquest : Britain invaded by three tribes (pirates) from North Europe: The Angles, Saxons and Jutes. Seven kingdoms were established----then combined into a united kingdom called England (the land of Angles)--- the three tribes mixed into one people called English or the Angles, and the three dialects grew into one single language called Anglo-Saxon, or Old English. （识记，重点）IV.The Social Condition of The Anglo-Saxons (识记，一般)V.Anglo-Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence: The Anglo-Saxons were heathen people, believing in old mythology in North Europe. They were Christianized in the 7th century.（识记，次重点）Chapter 2 BeowulfI.Anglo-Saxon Poetry: Beowulf (a poem of more than 3000 lines) is the national epic of theEnglish people. （识记，重点）II.The Story (理解，一般)III.Analysis of its Content(理解，一般)IV.Features （应用，重点）1)the use of alliteration ( certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonants;2)the use of metaphors/kennings (e.g. “Ring-giver” for king , or “whale’s road” for sea)3)the use of understatements (e.g. “not troublesome” for very welcome, “need not praise” for aright to condemn)Chapter 3 Feudal England1）The Norman ConquestI.The Danish Invasion (识记，一般)II.The Norman Conquest（1）The French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. William was later crowned as King of England.（识记，次重点）（2）The Norman Conquest marked the establishment of feudalism in England. （识记，次重点）（3）The influence of Norman Conquest on the English language. （应用，重点）2) Feudal England (skip)4)The RomanceI. The content of the Romance(1)The most prevailing kind of literature in Feudal England was the romance. （识记，重点）(2)The essence of the Romances id chivalry. （识记，次重点）II. The Romance Cycle(1)Matters of Britain (King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table, the culmination of whichis Sir Gawain and the Green Knight); （理解，重点）(2)Matters of France; (识记，一般)(3)Matters of Rome. (识记，一般)Chapter 4 Langland（1）William Langland: author of Piers the Plowman;（2）Piers the Plowman is one of the greatest of English poems, written in the form of a dream vision,;（3）depicting the feudal England by allegory and symbolism. （识记，重点）Chapter 5 The English Ballads(1)definition of Ballad （应用，重点）(2)The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad. (识记，一般)(3)The Robin Hood Ballads （理解，重点）Chapter 6 Geoffrey Chaucer (c.1343-1400)(1) father/founder of English poetry(2) major works: Troilus and Criseyde; The Canterbury Tales（识记，重点）(3) The Canterbury Tales: （应用，重点）A. Dramatic structure: a framed story (definition); (识记，一般)B. realistic presentation of characters (e.g. Wife of Bath) and contemporary life; (识记，一般)C. Heroic couple (definition), which is Chaucer’s chief contribution to the metric scheme of theEnglish poetry; （理解，重点）D. He used London dialect (instead of Latin or French) as to write poetry, thus making EnglishLanguage of literature. （识记，重点）Part Two: The English RenaissanceChapter 1 Old English in TransitionI. The New Monarchy(1) Hundred Years War with France (1337-1453) (识记，一般)(2) The War of the Roses (1455-1485) (识记，一般)(3) Tudor Dynasty , a centralized monarchy (to meet the needs of the rising bourgeoisie(识记，一般)II. The Reformation(1) Henry VIII declared the break with Rome, and established Protestantism; (识记，一般)III. The English Bible(1)The first complete English Bible was translated by John Wycliffe (1324?-1384), themorning star of the Reformation,” and his foll owers. （识记，重点）(2)King James Bible, the Authorized Version. （识记，重点）V.The Enclosure Movement (识记，一般)VI.The Commercial Expansion (识记，一般)VII.The War with Spain(1)the rout of the Spanish fleet “ Armada” (Invincible)（识记，次重点）(2)The English Bourgeoisie came to the fore in the arena of history. (识记，一般)VII．The Renaissance and Humanism(1)definition of The Renaissance（应用，重点）(2)Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance. （识记，重点）Chapter 2 More(1)Thomas More (1478-1535): the greatest of the English humanists, author of Utopia. （识记，重点）(2)Utopia（理解，重点）Chapter 3 The Flowering of English LiteratureI. The Flowering of English Literature （Skip）II. Sidney and Raleigh(1) Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1686): well-known as a poet and a critic of poetry. (识记，一般)(2) His Apology for Poetry is one of the earliest English literary essays. （理解，次重点）III. Edmund Spencer (1552-1599)(1) Known as “The Poet’s Poet”, held a position as a model of poetical art among theRenaissance English poets. （识记，重点）(2) The Faerie Queene （理解，重点）(3) The Spenserian Stanza （理解，重点）IV. John Lyly (1554?-1606) (skip)V. Francis Bacon (1561-1626)(1) founder of English materialist philosophy; (识记，次重点）(2) founder of modern science in England (Knowledge is power.) （识记，重点）(3) two works Advancement of Learning and New Instrument （put forward “Inductive method ofreasoning”）（识记，重点）(4) also famous for his Essays. （理解，重点）Chapter 4 DramaI. The Miracle Play(1) The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its drama. （识记，重点）(2) English drama had roots reaching back to the miracle plays of the Middle Ages. （识记，一般）(3) definition of miracle plays (Based on Bible stories) （理解，次重点）II. The Morality Play(1) a little later than miracle plays. （理解，重点）(2) definition (conflict of good and evil with allegorical personages, such as Mercy, Peace, Hate,Folly and so on.) （理解，次重点）III. The Interlude（识记，一般）IV. The Classical Drama（识记，一般）Miracle plays, morality plays, interludes and classical plays were the forms of drama prevailing until the reign of Elizabeth and paved the way for the flourishing of drama. （识记，次重点）V. The London TheatreIn the 16th century, London became the center of English drama. （识记，一般）VI．The Audience（识记，一般）VII. The PlaywrightsThe University Wits (Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene, Lodge and Nash) （识记，次重点）Chapter 5 Marlowe (1564-1593)I. The most gifted of the “university wits” was Christopher Marlowe. （识记，重点）II. Marlowe’s best includes three of his plays: Tamburlaine(1587); The Jew of Malta (1592);Doctor Faustus（识记，重点）III. Doctor Faustus（理解，重点）IV. Social significance of Marlowe’s Plays（理解，重点）V. Marlowe’s literary achievementMarlowe first made blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter) the principal instrument of English drama. （识记，重点）Chapter 6 Shakespeare (1564-1616)I. LifeWilliam Shakespeare was born in Stratford-on-Avon, a little town in Warwickshire. All through his life he wrote 37 (?39) plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems. He was acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance.（识记，重点）II. A Chronological list of Shakespeare’s plays（识记，一般）III. Periods of his dramatic composition(1)The 1st period: Historical plays (his first theatrical success was his historicalplays Henry VI) and four comedies. （识记，一般）(2)The 2nd period: great comedies（识记，一般）(3)The 3rd period: great tragedies and dark comedies（识记，一般）(4)4th period: romances or reconciliation plays（识记，一般）IV. The Great Comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream; The Merchant of Venice; As You Like It;Twelfth Night（应用，重点）V. The Mature Histories(1) Henry IV（识记，一般）(2)The Image of Henry V: the symbol of Shakespeare’s ideal kingship. （识记，一般）(3) The image of Sir John Falstaff（理解，重点）VI. The Great Tragedies: Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; Macbeth（应用，重点）VII. Hamlet（应用，重点）（1）The story（识记，一般）(2)The character of Hamlet (hesitant humanist) （理解，重点）(3) The melancholy of Hamlet（理解，重点）VIII. The Later Comedies（识记，一般）IX. The Poems(1) Venus and Adonis（识记，一般）(2) The Rape of Lucrece（识记，一般）(3) sonnets (154, definition) （理解，重点）X. Features of Shakespeare’s Drama（理解，次重点）Chapter 7 Ben Jonson (1572-1637Mainly remembered for his comedies: Everyman in his Humour; Volpone, or The Fox; The Alchemist; Bartholomew Fair（识记，一般）Part Three The Period of the English Bourgeois RevolutionChapter 1 The English Revolution and the Restoration (skip)Chapter 2 John Milton (1608-1674)I. Life and work(1) Areopagitica: appealing for the freedom of press. （识记，重点）(2) three epics: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained; Samson Agonistes（识记，重点）II. Paradise Lost(1) The story（识记，一般）(2)Theme and characterization（理解，次重点）(3) The Image of Satan（理解，重点）III. Samson Agonistes（理解，次重点）IV. Brief summary （理解，次重点）Chapter 3 John Bunyan (1628-1688)(1)The Pilgrim’s Progress is a religious allegory. （识记，重点）(2)Content of The Pilgrim’s Progress（理解，重点）Chapter 4 Metaphysical poets and Cavalier poets(1)definition of “Metaphysical poetry”（理解，重点）(2)John Donne was the founder of the Metaphysical School. （识记，重点）(3)Other members of the metaphysical school: George Herbert (1593-1633); Andrew Marvell(1621-1678); Henry Vaughan (1622-1695) （识记，一般）Chapter 5 Some prose writers (Skip)Chapter 6 Restoration LiteratureI. Restoration Comedies (skip)II. John Dryden (1631-1700)(1)The most distinguished literary figure of the Restoration period (1660-1688), poet, playwright,and critic. （识记，重点）(2)An Essay of Dramatic Poesy established his position as the leading critic of the day. （识记，次重点）(3)He was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the next century. （识记，一般）Part Four The Eighteenth CenturyChapter 1 The Enlightenment and Classicism in English LiteratureI. The Enlightenment and the 18th century England(1) After the “Glorious Revolution” of 1688, England became a constitutional monarchy and powerpassed form the King to the Parliament and the cabinet ministers. （识记，次重点）(2) The Enlightenment in Europe（理解，重点）(3) The English Enlighteners: The representatives of the Enlightenment in English Literature wereJoseph Addison and Richard Steele, the essayists, and Alexander Pope, the poet. （识记，重点）II. (Neo-)Classicism （理解，重点）Chapter 2 Addison and Steele1. Richard Steele (1672-1729) and The Tatler（识记，重点）2. Joseph Addison (1672-1719) and The Spectator（识记，重点）3. In the hands of Addison and Steele, the English essay completely established itself as a literary genre. Using it as a form a character sketching and story-telling, they ushered in the dawn of modern English novel.（识记，次重点）Chapter 3 PopeI. Life: Alexander Pope (1688-1774) is the most important poet in the first half of the 18th century.（识记，重点）II.Work1. Essay on Criticism(1711) (some proverbial maxims: For fools rush in where angels fear to tread. To err is human, to forgive, divine. A little learning is a dangerous thing.) （识记，重点）2. The Rape of the Lock (1714) （识记，一般）3. Pope’s Homer: He translated the entire Iliad and Half of the Odyssey. （识记，一般）4. Pope’s Shakespeare: He was an editor of Shakespeare’s plays.（识记，一般）5. The Dunciad (1728-1742) （识记，一般）6. Essay on Man (1732-1734) （识记，一般）III. Workmanship and limitationPope is the most important representative of the English classical poetry and was at his best in satire and epigram. （识记，重点）Chapter 4 Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)1. His works:(1) A Tale of a Tub : a satire upon all religious sects. （识记，次重点）(2) The Battle of Books: an attack on pedantry in the literary world of the time. （识记，次重点）(3) Bickerstaff Almanac （识记，一般）(4) Gulliver’s Travels: a political satire（理解，重点）2.His style: 1）simple, clear and vigorous language (“ Proper words in proper places, makes the true definition of a style); 2）master of satire and irony（识记，次重点）Chapter 5 Defoe and the Rise of the English NovelI. The Rise of the English Novel: The modern English novel in the 18th century.（识记，重点）Important novelists: Defoe, Swift, Richardson, Fielding, Smollett and Sterne. （识记，次重点）II. Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)(1)His works: Robinson Crusoe(1719);Captain Singleton(1720); Moll Flanders(1722);Colonel Jacque (1722) （识记，次重点）(2)Robinson Crusoe: 1) the story; 2) the character of Robinson Crusoe (the representative ofthe rising bourgeoisie, practical and exact, religious, mindful of profit, colonizer) （理解，重点）Chapter Samuel Richardson (1689-1761)His Novel: Pamela (, or, Virtue Rewarded: In a Series of Familiar Letters from a Beautiful Young Damsel to Her Parents): epistolary novel (novel of letters) （理解，重点）Chapter 7 Henry Fielding （1707-1754）1.Father of the English novel（识记，重点）2. Joseph Andrews（识记，一般）3. Jonathan Wild (exposing the English bourgeois society and mocking its political system) （识记，一般）4. (The History of )Tom Jones, (A Foundling)1)The Story（识记，一般）2)Characterization（识记，一般）5. Fielding as the founder of the English realist novels（理解，重点）6. Some features of Fielding’s novels. （应用，重点）Chapter 8 Smollett and SterneI. Tobias Smollett (1721-1771)(1) Roderick Random (1748): first important work by Smollett. It is a picaresque novel (i.e. a novelof travels and adventures). （识记，重点）(2)Humphry Clinker (1771): the best and pleasantest of Smollett’s novels (also a picaresque novlenarrated in the form of letters.) （识记，一般）II. Lawrence Sterne (1713-1768)1. (The Life and Opinions of) Trstram Shandy(1760-1767): a plotless, formless novel full ofdigressions, following “stream of consciousness”.（理解，重点）2. A Sentimental Journey(giving the name of the School of “sentimentalism”).（识记，重点）3. Sterne is remembered as a representative of sentimentalism in the 18th century. （识记，重点）Chapter 9 18th Century Drama and Sheridan1. Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751-1816)1) The Rivals( Mrs. Malaprop, thus giving the term “malapropism”, which means a ridiculousmisusage of big words.) （识记，次重点）2) The School for Scandal: a great “ comedy of manners”, a satire of English high society. （理解，次重点）Chapter 10 JohnsonSamuel Johnson (1709-1784): mainly remembered for his Dictionary. （识记，重点）Chapter 11 Goldsmith (1730-1774)I. A representative of sentimentalists（识记，重点）II. Work:1. poems: The Traveler and The Deserted Village（识记，次重点）2. Novel: The Vicar of Wakefield ( Goldsmith’s masterpiece, for which he was acknowledged to beone of the representatives of English sentimentalism.) （识记，重点）3. Comedies:1) The Good-natured man (1768), a comedy of character; （识记，一般）2) She stoops to conquer (1773), a comedy of manners; （识记，一般）4. Essays: The Citizens of the World (1762), a collection of essays（识记，一般）Chapter 12 GibbonEdward Gibbon (1737-1794): author of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire（识记，重点）Chapter 13 Sentimentalism and Pre-Romanticism in PoetryI. Sentimentalism in English poetry: Thomas Gray (1716-1771) famous for his Elegy Written in aCountry Churchyard, which is a model of sentimental poetry, and fromwhich Gray was called a poet of “Graveyard School”. （识记，重点）II. Pre-RomanticismChapter 14 William Blake1) Songs of Innocence（理解，重点）2) Songs of Experience（理解，重点）3) T he Marriage of Heaven and Hell（识记，一般）4) His position in English poetry （识记，一般）Chapter 15 Robert Burns1. A poet of the peasants; （识记，重点）2. Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect; songs written in the Scottish dialect on a variety of subjects (some examples: A Red, Red Rose; My Heart’s in the Highlands. Auld Lang Syne) （识记，重点）Part Five: Romanticism in EnglandChapter 1 The Romantic Period1. Romanticism (definition and characteristics)（应用，重点）2. Lake poets (or Lakers, or escapist romanticists): Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey（识记，重点）3. Active romanticists: Byron, Shelley and Keats. （识记，重点）4. Romantic prose was represented by Lamb, Hazlitt, De Quincey; （识记，一般）5. The only great novelist in this period was Walter Scott. （识记，重点）Chapter 2 William Wordsworth (1770-1850)1. In 1798, Wordsworth and Coleridge jointly published Lyrical Ballads, which marked the break with the conventional poetic tradition of the 18th century Neo-classism, and the beginning of the Romantic revival in England. （识记，重点）2. In the preface to the Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth set forth his principles of poetry. ( “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling.”) （识记，次重点）3. Some of his short lyrics: Lines Written in Early Spring; To the Cuckoo; I wandered lonely as a Cloud; My Heart Leaps Up; Intimations of Immortality; Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abby; The Solitary Reaper. （识记，次重点）Chapter 3 Coleridge and SoutheyI. Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)Poems: The Rime of The Ancient Mariner; Kubla Khan（识记，重点）II. Robert Southey (1774-1843) : one of the Lakers. （识记，一般）Chapter 4 George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)1. Childe Harold Pilgrimage( written in Spenserian stanza a 9-line stanza rhymed ababbcbcbcc)（理解，重点）2. Don Juan: his masterpiece, written in “ottva rima”, each stanza containing 8 iambic pentameterlines rhymed abababcc)（理解，重点）3. Byronic Hero (definition) （理解，重点）Chapter 5 Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1882)1. Queen Mab: Shelley’s first long poem of import ance, in the form of a fairy-tale dream,presenting his views on philosophy, religion, morality and social problems. （理解，重点）2. The Revolt of Islam (expressing his political and aesthetic ideas) （识记，重点）3. Prometheus Unbound: Shelley’s masterpiece, a lyrical drama in 4 acts, symbolizing man’sstruggle against tyranny and oppression. （理解，重点）4. The Masque of Anarchy(criticizing “free competition”)（识记，次重点）5. Song to the Men of England (calling on the working class to rise against the ruling oppressors)（识记，次重点）6. Lyrics on Nature and Love: Ode to the West Wind(“If Winter comes, Can spring be farbehind?”); One Word is Too Often Profaned（识记，次重点）7. In Defence of Poetry(Poetry is the indispensable agent of civilization. “Poets are theunacknowledged legisl ators of the world”, and poetry can play a very important part in the spiritual life of society.) （识记，次重点）Chapter 6 John Keats (1795-1821)1. Five Long Poems : Endymion（识记，次重点）; Isabella（识记，一般）;The Eve of St. Agnes;（识记，一般）Lamia; Hyperion（识记，一般）2. Short Poems: Ode on a Grecian Urn (“Beauty is truth, truth beauty.”) （识记，重点）; On FirstLooking into Chapman’s Homer (a sonnet) （识记，次重点）; On the Grasshopper and the Cricket（识记，次重点）;Ode to Autumn; （识记，一般）Ode on Melancholy（识记，一般）; Ode to a Nightingale（识记，次重点）Chapter 7 Charles Lamb (1775-1834)1. The Essays of Elia(very humorous) （识记，一般）2.Tales from Shakespeare (collaboration with Mary Lamb) （识记，次重点）Chapter 8 Hazlitt and Leigh Hunt1. William Hazlitt: essayist, author of Table Talk; The Plain Speaker; Sketches and Essays（识记，一般）2. Henry James Leigh Hunt (1784-1859), essayist（识记，一般）Chapter 9 De Quincey1. Thomas De Qunicey (1785-1859), essayist, critic, author of The Confession of an English Opium- Eater. （识记，一般）Chapter 10 Walter Scott1. Scott has been universally regarded as the founder and great master of the historical novel. （识记，次重点）2. His Historical Novels1) Rob Roy (Red Robert, about 1715 uprising) （识记，一般）2) Ivanhoe (about Norman Conquest) （识记，次重点）3) features of his historical novels. （理解，次重点）Part Six: English Critical RealismChapter 1 The Rise of Critical Realism in England1. English Critical Realism1) definition（应用，重点）2) The greatest English realist of the 19th century is Charles Dickens. （识记，重点）Chapter 2 Charles Dickens (1812-1870)1.The First Period (1836-1841)1) The Pickwick Papers（理解，次重点）2) Oliver Twist（理解，重点）3) Nicholas Nickleby（识记，一般）4) The Old Curiosity Shop（识记，一般）2. The Second Period (1842-1850)1) Dombey and Son（识记，一般）2) David Copperfield（理解，重点）3. The Third Period (1851-1870)1) Bleak House（识记，一般）2) Hard Times（识记，一般）3) Little Dorrit（识记，一般）4) A Tale of Two Cities（理解，重点）5) Great Expectations（识记，一般）4.Dickens : Man and Writer（理解，重点）Chapter 3 Thackeray1. William Thackeray (1811-1863): a representative of critical realism. （识记，重点）2. The Snobs of England, his first literary success, a satirical description of the different strata of the ruling class. （识记，一般）3. Vanity Fair: A Novel Without a Hero, Thackeray’s masterpiece, the peak of his li terary career.（理解，重点）Chapter 4 Some Women Novelists1. Jane Austen (1775-1817)1) Sense and Sensibility（识记，重点）2) Pride and Prejudice（理解，重点）3) Emma（识记，次重点）4) Persuasion（识记，次重点）5) Mansfield Park（识记，次重点）2. The Brontë Sisters1) Charlotte Brontë (1816-1855): Jane Eyre (the image of Jane Eyre) （应用，重点）2) Emily Brontë (1818-1848): Wuthering Heights ( the image of Heathcliff) （应用，重点）3) Anne Brontë(1820-1849) （识记，一般）3. Mrs Gaskell ( Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell) (1810-1865): Mary Barton (, a Tale of Manchester):a realistic novel giving a picture of the class struggle in the period of Chartism. （识记，一般）4. George Eliot (1819-1880):1) Adam Bede:a novel of moral conflicts, showing the contest of personal desires, passion, temperament, human weaknesses and the claims of moral duty. （理解，次重点）2) The Mill on the Floss（识记，次重点）3) Silas Marner（识记，次重点）4) The novels of George Eliot mark the beginning of a new stage in the development of English critical realism. Her characters are not grotesque types, but just common men and women. （识记，一般）Part Seven: Prose-writers and Poets of the Mid and Late 19th Century Chapter 1 Carlyle1. The Mid and late 19th century is sometimes called the Victorian Age because of the reign of Queen Victoria during 1837-1901. （识记，次重点）2. Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881)1) Sartor Resartus (meaning “ the tailor retailored” or “the tailor reclothed”) （识记，一般）2) The French Revolution（识记，一般）3) Heros and Hero-Worship ( “ The History of the World is the Biogarphy of Great Men.”) （理解，重点）4) Past and Present（识记，一般）Chapter 2 Ruskin and Some other Prose-Writers1. John Ruskin (1819-1900): author of Sesame and Lilies; Modern Painters（识记，一般）2. Mathew Arnold (1822-1888)1) Literary Criticism: Essays in Criticism; Essays in Criticism, Second Series（理解，次重点）2) Social Criticism: Culture and Anarchy ( representative work). （理解，重点）3) Dover Beach(Arnold’s masterpiece, a poem expressing disappointment with modern civilization) （识记，重点）3. Thomas Babington Macaulay: Prose stylist, author of History of England, his masterpiece. （识记，一般）Chapter 3 Tennyson1. Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892): The most important poet of the Victorian Age. （识记，重点）2. In Memoriam (in memory of A.H. Hallam, e.g. “Break, Break, Break”) （识记，重点）3. The Idylls of the King（识记，一般）Chapter 4 The Brownings1. Robert Browning: His principal achievement lies in his introducing to English poetry a new form, the “dramatic monologue (e.g. My Last Duchess).（识记，重点）2. Mrs Browning (Elizabeth Barrett): Sonnets from the Portuguese（识记，一般）Chapter 5 The Rossettis and Swinburne1. Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882): a founder of “Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood”. His best known poem is perhaps The Blessed Damozel. （识记，一般）2. Christina Georgina Rossetti (1830-1894) （识记，一般）3. Edward Fitzgerald (1809-1883) : author of Rubaiyat（识记，次重点）4. Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837-1909): author of poems and Ballads. His poems, together with those of Rossetti and others, foreshadowed the literary trend of decadence and “art for art’s sake’, represented by Oscar Wilde in the 1890s. （识记，次重点）Chapter 6 William Morris (1834-1896)1. A Dream of John Ball and News from Nowhere are the two most important of Morris’s prose works. Both are in the form of dreams, the first of the past and the second of the future. （识记，次重点）2. News from Nowhere: called “the crown and climax of his whole work”, describing a dream of the future classes society. （理解，重点）Chapter 7 Literary Trends at the End of the Century1. Naturalism1) definition（理解，重点）2) representatives (George Gissing and Thomas Hardy) （识记，次重点）2. Neo-Romanticism1) Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894) was the representative of neo-Romanticism (inventingexciting adventures and fascinating romances) in English Literature. （识记，次重点）2) Treasure Island is his best-known work. （识记，重点）3) Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde（识记，次重点）3. Aestheticism1. definition (Art should serve no religious, moral, social or any anther purposes except itself) （理解，重点）2. Principle: Art for art’s sake. （识记，重点）3. The two most important representatives of aestheticism in English literature are Walter Pater(1839-1894) and Oscar Wilde(1856-1900). （识记，重点）4. Oscar Wilde: a spokesman for the aesthetic movement in England. （识记，重点）1) Two collections of Fairy tales: The Happy Prince and Other Tales (1888) （识记，次重点）;A House of Pomegranates (1891); （识记，一般）2) A collection of short story: Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime and Other Stories; （识记，一般）3) A series of critical essays: Intentions (1891); （识记，一般）4) His only novel: The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891) （识记，次重点）5) Four comedies: Lady Windermere’s Fan(1893); A Woman of No Importance (1894); An IdealHusband (1895); The Importance of Being Earnest (1895) （识记，重点）6) One tragedy: Salomé（识记，重点）Part Eight Twentieth Century English LiteratureChapter 1 The New Century: Social and Historical Background (skip)Chapter 2 English Novel of Early 20th Century1. The Realist:1) Samuel Butler (1835-1902): Erewhon (1872); Erewhon Revisited (1901); The Way of All Flesh (1903, his masterpiece) （识记，一般）2) Goerge Meridith: T he Egoist（识记，一般）3) H(erbert).G(eorge). Wells: realistic novels, scientific fantasies, discussion novels（识记，一般）4) Thomas Hardy (to be discusses in detail)5) John Galsworthy (to be discusses in detail)2. Other important novelists of the early 20th century1) Rudyard Kipling(1865-1936): called “the bard of imperialism”.His works: Kim(1901); The Jungle Book (1894); The Second Jungle Book (1895) （识记，次重点）2) Arnold Bennett (1867-1931)The Old Wives’ Tales（识记，一般）3) Joseph Conrad (1857-1924): a Pole by birth, starting Learning English at his twenties. His works; Heart of Darkness; Lord Kim; Nostromo（识记，重点）3. Henry James (1843-1916)1)Born and educated in the U.S.as an American, but was naturalized as a British subject in 1915.He was the forerunner of the “Stream of consciousness” literature.（识记，重点）2)His representative works: Daisy Miller (1879); The Portrait of a Lady (1881); The Wings ofthe Dove (1902); The Ambassador (1903); The Golden Bow l (19040（识记，重点）4. Katharine Mansfield (1888-1923): Born in New Zealand, famous woman writer of short stories.（识记，一般）Chapter 3 Hardy1. Thomas Hardy （1840-1928）: Novelist and poet, one of the English Critical realism at the turn of the 19th century. （识记，一般）2. His principal works are the Wessex Novels, i.e. novels describing the characters and environment of his native countryside. （识记，次重点）3. The Wessex novels: Under the Greenwood Tree (1872); Far From the Madding Crowd (1874); The Return of the Native (1878); The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886); Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891); Jude the Obscure (1896). （识记，次重点）4. Tess of the D’Urbervilles, a Pure Woman Faithfully Portrayed, Hardy’s most famous book.（理解，重点）5. Jude the Obscure:“a deadly war waged between flesh and spirit” and “ the contrast between the ideal life a man wishe d to lead and the squalid real life he was fated to lead.” (Hardy’s words)（理解，次重点）Chapter 4 Galsworthy1. John Galsworthy (1867-1933): a representative of bourgeois realism in the 20th-century English novel，winner of Nobel Prize in Literature in 1932.（识记，一般）2. The Forsyte Saga: the prose epic of the Forsyte family in two trilogies, each consisting of three novels and two interludes. （识记，一般）1) The first trilogy: The Forsyte Saga: The Man of Property(1906); The Indian Summer of a Forsyte (Interlude, 1917); In Chancery (1920); Awakening (Interlude, 1921); To Let (1921) （识记，重点）2) The second trilogy: A Modern Comedy: The White Monkey (1924); A Silent Wooing (interlude, 1927); The Silver Spoon (1926); Passers-by (interlude, 1927); Swan Song (1928) （识记，一般）3) The two trilogies The Forsyte saga, and A Modern Comedy, should be considered a monumental work of critical realism in the English literature in the 20th century. （识记，次重点）4) The Man of Property（理解，重点）Chapter 5 The Irish Dramatic MovementThe leaders of the Irish Renaissance (The Irish dramatic revival) were the poet, William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) and Lady Augusta Gregory (1852-1932), both founders of the national Irish theatre, called the Abby Theatre. （识记，重点）Chapter 6 Bernard Shaw1. George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950): Irish playwright, “a good man fallen among the Fabians”. (Lenin’s words)（识记，一般）2.He lived a long life and wrote 51 plays, which include: Widower’s Houses（识记，一般）; Mrs Warr en’s Profession（理解，重点）; The Devil’s Disciple（识记，一般）; Man and Superman （识记，一般）; Major Barbara（理解，次重点）; Heartbreak House（理解，次重点）; Saint Joan （识记，一般）; The Apple Cart（识记，一般）; Pygmalion（识记，一般）。

一．中古英语时期♦Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language.♦The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.♦Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature.♦Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism.二．文艺复兴Renaissance♦Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world.♦It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe.♦Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. ♦This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth reigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare.♦The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe.♦Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. “Of Studies”is themost popular of Bacon’s 58 essays.♦Thomas More ——Utopia♦Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene相关练习♦ 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language?♦ A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene♦ C. Beowulf D. Hamlet♦ 2. _____ is the father of English poetry.♦ A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare♦ C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer♦ 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England.♦ A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer♦ C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare♦“All the world 's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”——William Shakespeare♦William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have meaning beyond the time and place of his plays. His four tragedies are Hamlet(《哈姆雷特》), Othello(《奥赛罗》), King Lear(《李尔王》) and Macbeth(《麦克白》).♦Shakespeare’s sonnets, 154 in number, are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings; Sonnet 18 deserves its fame because it is one of the mostbeautifully written verses in the English language♦诗选♦Sonnet 18♦Shall I compare thee to a Summer’s day?♦Thou art more lovely and more temperate.♦Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,♦And Summer’s lease hath all too short a date.♦（我怎能将你与夏日相比? /你比它更温和可爱：/动人的花蕾在五月咆哮的风中颤抖，/夏日的美好时光也绝不长久：）♦Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,♦And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;♦And every fair from fair sometime declines,♦By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimm’d;♦（太阳的金色光芒虽然耀眼，/却常常以灰暗的面貌出现；/再美貌的物什都逃不过凋谢，/命运流转或无意间将其拆解；）♦But thy eternal Summer shall not fade,♦Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st♦Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,♦When in eternal line to time thou grow’st.♦So long as men can breath or eyes can see,♦So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.♦（可你如夏日般不会褪色, /你的美貌也将永存; /死神无法夸耀你曾在它的阴影中游荡, /伴随永恒的诗篇你将留存。

Part One：Early and Medieval English LiteratureChapter1 The Making of England◆Historical Background：①5th century B.C.—55 B.C. ②Roman Conquest 55 B.C. —410A.D.(speak Anglo-Saxon or Old English) ③410A.D.—1066 ④1066 Norman Conquest(the scholar wrote in Latin and the courtier in French)Chapter 2 Beowulf◆Epic is an narrative poem in elevated(严肃的) or dignified language，celebrating the feats(功绩) of a legendary or traditional hero.◆Beowulf，the national epic of the English people.罗马Virgil：Aeneid 埃涅伊德德国Nibelungenlied 尼伯龙根之歌法国Chanson de Roland 罗兰之歌◆Artistic Features：Alliteration; kenning (metaphor); repetition and variation Chapter 3 The Romance（传奇故事）◆Romance；a tale in verse or prose，embodying life and adventures ofKnights◆Theme：Spirit of chivalry，love，and religion◆The Romance Cycles：(1) the ”matters of Britain”(adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table), (2) the ”matters of France ”(Emperor Charlemagne and his peers),(3) the ”matters of Rome”(Alexander the Great and so forth)◆The Romance of King Arthur is comparatively the most important for thehistory ofEnglish literature, its culmination in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight高文爵士和绿衣骑士(metrical romance), and its summing up in Thomas Malory’s Le Morte D’Arthur亚瑟王之死(in English prose)Chapter 5 The English Ballads◆The Ballads：a story told in song, 4-line stanzas, the second and forth linesrhymed.The various ballads of Robin Hood(罗宾汉) are gathered into a collection called The Geste of Robin Hood, the whole life of the hero is portrayed. Chapter6 Chaucer（1340-1400）◆Geoffrey Chaucer：the founder of English poetry and English fiction.◆Chaucer’s Literary Career：1、(1360-1372) the first period consists of works translated from French, as The Romaunt of the Rose(玫瑰罗曼史)；2、(1372-1386) the second consists of works adapted from the Italian，as Troilus and Criseyde(特罗勒斯和克朋西德)；3、(1386-1400) the third includes The Canterbury Tales, which is purely English.◆The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of themonumental works in English literature.◆Significance of the The Canterbury Tales：1) all around reflection of society; 2) structure：highly interwoven; 3) humorous tone; 4) contribution to English poetry，heroic couplet introduced.◆Iambic pentameter(抑扬顿挫格) two syllables(foot音步)Part Two: The English Renaissance◆Two features are striking of the Renaissance：1) the one is thirsting curiosity for the classical literature；2) Another feature of the Renaissance is the keen interest in the activities of humanity.◆Humanism：1) assumed the dignity and central position of human being in the universe; 2) emphasized the importance in education of studying classical, imaginative and philosophical literature; 3) insisted on the primacy ofreason(理性); 4) stressed the need for a rounded development of an individual , diverse powers, ie. physical，mental，artistic and moral abilities.◆Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞“The Poet’s Poet”The Shepherd’s Calendar牧羊人的月历：pastoral poem 田园诗◆His masterpiece The Faerie Queene仙后, The Faerie Queene written in a special verse form that consists of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic feet (an alexandrine), with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc. This form has since been called the Spenserian Stanza.◆Features of Spenser’s poetry:1) Perfect melody 2) rare sense of beauty 3) splendid imagination 4) a lofty moral beauty of seriousness 5) a dedicated idealism◆Francis Bacon(1561-1626)Major Works：A dvancement of Learning 学术的推进，New Instrument新工具，Essays 随笔(Of Studies，Of Truth)Chapter6 Shakespeare◆两首叙事长诗，154首十四行诗(Sonnet)和37部戏剧◆Periods of Shakespeare’s Dramatic Composition:1) The First Period(1590-1594)：comedies, apprenticeship学徒期inplay-writing, (Henery VI, parts 1,2,and3 , The Comedy of Errors错误的喜剧The Taming of the Shrew 驯悍记), Romeo and Juliet; Venus and Adonis维纳斯和阿多尼斯；The Rape of Lucrece露克丽丝受辱记（narrative poems）2) The Second Period(1595-1600): mainly the period of “great comedies” and mature historical plays. 6 comedies：A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦, The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人, The Merry Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇人, Much Ado about Nothing无事生非, As You Like It皆大欢喜, Twelfth Night;5 Historical plays: Richard II, Henery IV, parts 1 and 2, Henery V, King John.3) The Third Period(1601-1607): mainly the period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”.5 tragedies: Hamlet，Othello，King Lear，Macbeth, Timon of Athens; 3comedies: Trious and Cressida, All’s Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measure; 2 Roman tragedies：Antony and Cleopatra，Coriolanus 4)The Forth Period(1608-1612)：tragic-comedies 悲喜剧4 romances: Pericles泰尔亲王佩里克里斯, Cymbeline辛白林, The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事, Tempest 暴风雨.◆The Great Comedies:A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant ofVenice, As You Like It皆大欢喜, Twelfth Night.◆The Great Tragedies: Hamlet，Othello，King Lear，Macbeth.。

英语语言文学专业基础本科目包括英语语言学基础、英美文学基础知识、英语国家概况、英汉互译四部分内容，总分150分，其中英语语言学基础15分，英美文学基础知识70分，英语国家概况15分，英汉互译50分。

I、英语语言学基础（15分）一、考试要求和内容该部分主要考查普通语言学的基本概念和基本理论。

二、考试题型填空题、选择题、判断题、名词解释题。

II、英美文学基础知识（70分）一、考试要求本部分考试旨在考查考生对有关英美文学的基本概念、主要流派、基础知识的理解和掌握情况，以及运用所学的基础理论知识分析、评论简单的文学文本。

二、考试内容1、英国文学部分1）古英语诗歌的形成、发展及主要文本。

2）英国中世纪文学的形成和发展、主要诗人及其作品。

3）英国文艺复兴时期的文学：“文艺复兴”产生的历史背景、定义及其主要特征、对英国文学的影响、主要作家及其作品。

4）新古典主义时期（十八世纪）英国文学：启蒙运动形成的原因、启蒙运动的定义、特征及其对英国文学的影响、这一时期主要的作家及其作品。

5）浪漫主义时期（十九世纪早期）英国文学：英国浪漫主义文学形成的历史背景、浪漫主义诗歌的主要作家及其作品、浪漫主义小说的主要作家及其作家品、浪漫主义散文的主要作家及其作品。

6）维多利亚时期（十九世纪中后期）英国文学：英国现实主义文学形成发展的历史背景、这一时期主要的作家及其作品。

7）现代时期（二十世纪）英国文学：英国现代主义文学形成的历史背景、现代主义文学的主要流派、这一时期主要作家及其作品。

2、美国文学部分1）早期的美国文学：清教主义文学形成与发展、早期美国文学的主要作家及其作品。

2）浪漫主义时期的美国文学：早期浪漫主义文学的主要作家及作品、超验主义时期的主要作家几作品、后期浪漫主义文学的主要作家及作品。

3）现实主义时期的美国文学：美国现实主义文学的形成与发展及主要流派、美国现实主义文学与自然主义文学的异同、这一时期主要的作家及作品。

4）现代时期的美国文学：美国现代主义文学的形成与发展及主要流派、战后美国文学的形成与发展、现代时期美国文学的主要作家及作品。

一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf (national epic民族史诗)metaphor alliteration。

3、Angles, Saxons and Jutes.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)1、The Roman Conquest: In 1066, the Duke of Normandy William led the Norman army to invade England. The result of this war was William became the king of England. After the conquest, feudal system was established in English society. Chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight头韵2、传奇ramances：描写骑士的冒险精神和典雅爱情文学。

seek adventures , fighting for his lord in battle,humility,honor,sacrifice,brave,honesty,love with women三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)（反封建、反教会、追求个性自由）1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、purely English(the London dialect伦敦方言)3、heroic couplet英雄双韵体4、Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.5、代表作：The Canterbury Tales (英国文学史的开端)内容：The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.特点：Each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. The story was endowed with what medieval romancelacked-interest of character as well as incident.观点：He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate.主要故事: ①The Knight’s Tale ②The Pardoner’s Tale ③The Merchant’s Tale④The Wife of Bath四、The Renaissance (16世纪)1、背景：14-17century,a period of the breaking of feudal relations and the establishing the foundations of capitalism. New monarchy. It is a revival of classical arts and sciences.2、主要文学成就：Poetry: Wyatt: first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.Sidney Spenser: the poet’s poet.Drama: Marlowe: blank verse(无韵诗) the principal vehicle of expression in drama. . William Shakespeare(1564-1616)Novels:John Lyly Thomas Loge Thomas NasheEssays /prose: Francis Bacon(1561-1626)、Thomas More(1478-1535)3 works of shakespeare:37palys ,tow narrative poems and 154sonnetsFirst period (1590-1600):comdies: <As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜; <A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人Second period(1601—1608):tragedies<Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白Third period(1609—1612)historiesLyric poem:Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggSonnet 18:Theme：The poet writes beautifully on the conventional theme that his poetry will bring eternity to the one he loves and eulogizes.Sonnet 29:Theme：①The poet complains of his own miseries and dissatisfaction in life and then becomes happy upon the thought of the one he loves. ②Here Shakespeare is supposed to reveal his own thoughts and feelings, especially in the first octet.The character of Hamlet:①Hamlet was a humanist, a man who is from medieval prejudices and superstitions.②Starting from his humanist love of man, he turns to those around him with the same eagerness.③His intellectual genius is outstanding.④Hamlet’s melancholy is not the negative, hair-splitting and fruitless kind. It is rather the result of his penetrating habit of mind.五、The Period of Revolution and Restoration (17C)1、文学特点concerned with the tremendous social upheavals, influence by puritan. 光荣革命意义the supremacy of parliament, beginning of modern England,final triumph of the political liberty2、代表人物：①John Donne“metaphysical poets玄学A. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by: verbal wit, irregular rhythms, ingenious structure and strange images or “conceits奇喻”.a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two different things.B. A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning意象:compasses、golden beaten(金箔)union of body and soul,physically and spiritually②John MiltonThe indomitable Puritan sprit finds its noblest expression in him.诗歌：Paradise Lost失乐园freedom knowledge oppose to monarchy Paradise Regained复乐园戏剧：Samson Agonistes力士参孙Shorter poems: L‘Allegro Il Penseroso ;Lycidas ComusPrincipal pamphlets: Areopagitica: attacks the censorship of the press and appeals for the freedom of the pressEikonoklaste: justifies the execution of Charles IDefense for the English People: a defense of the Commonwealth and Revolution Sonnet: On His Deceased Wife(唯一的爱情诗) On His Blindness③John Bunyan(1628-1688)班扬:The Pilgrim’s Progress④John Dryden(1631-1700):critic、poet、playwright六、The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪)1、文学特点：The main literary stream of the 18th century was realism. The 18th century was an age of prose. Novel writing made a big advance in this century. In thisstage,staire was much used in writing.2. classicism(neoclassicism), (pre-romanticism), (modern novel and sentimentalism)3.emphsis on reason,order ,balance and harmony.4、文学名人及作品：①classicism/neoclassicism Richard Steele：The Spectator Addison Pope johnson②pre-romanticismWilliam Blake:Song of Innocence. London、The Tiger、The Chimney Sweeper均节选自Song of Experience经验之歌Poetical Sketches 诗的素描The Book of Thel 塞尔书The Marriage of Heaven and HellRobert Burns(1759-1796):用苏格兰方言书写, ,著有Poems Chiefly in Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集 <A Red, Red Rose> My Heart’s in the n Highlands> <The Tree Of Liberty>③modern novelA. realistic novelDaniel Defoe、Henry Fielding、Jonathan SwiftB. sentimentalismLaurence Sterne: Sentimental Journey Tristram ShandyThomas Gray :Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌5、Daniel Defoe①英国小说之父②Robinson Crusoe全名:The life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson CrusoeThe writers of the Enlightenment attached great importance to the molding of character and to education through the influence of varied environment.The character of Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stages of its development. He is most practical and exact, always religious and at the same time mindful of his own profit.③Captain Singleton Colonel Jack Moll Flanders A Journal of the Plague Year Roxana6、Henry Fielding: comic Epic 喜剧史诗The History of Tom Jones, a foundling主要人物：Tom Jones: frank, kind, disinterested, sterlingSophia Western: brave and admirableBlifil: sly, perfidiousJoseph Andrews the journal of a Voyage to Lisbon Amelia7、Jonathan Swift（irony反讽)A Tale of a Tub 桶The battle of the Books 书之战The Drapier’s Letter 信A Modest Proposal建议Gulliver’s Travels格列佛四部分A Voyage to Lilliput/ Brobdingnag/ Laputa/ Houyhnhnms七、1.The romantic period(1798-1832):beginning of with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads,ending with Walter Scott’s death.2.Theme:sensibllity,love of nature,interest of past,mysticism,individualism,exoticpicture,strong-willed heroes,sometimes the romantics resort to symbolism.And symbols are objects used to represent abstract ideas and concepts.3.emphaize on emotion4.historical backgrounds:It was greatly influenced by the industrial revolution and the french revolution.5.romantuc writersThe first generation romantic writersBurns Blake----------pre-romantisWordsworth Coleridge--------negtiveThe second generation romantic writersByron Shelley and Keats-----active romanticsHistorical novelist-----Walter Scott6.WordsworthA..style:simplicity and purity of language and love of natureB.poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.①<Lyrical Ballads>抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)<I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud> / Daffodils/ The DaffodilsTheme: 1. Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace”2. It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.②Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey丁登寺杂咏③Ode: Intimations of Immortality 不朽颂④The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女⑤Lucy Poems 露西⑥<The Prelude>序曲The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 老水手之歌The Excursion 漫游7.Lord ByronA.Byron’s language is moody and vicid,and he covers vast ares,both geographically and moyionally.B.Byronic hero:dark romancesC.works①<Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage>恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记②<Don Juan>唐•璜③<Cain>该隐诗歌：<She Walks In Beauty>8.ShelleyA.the mask of anarchy 暴政的化的装游行B．the finest lyric poets in the English languageC．works<The Necessity of Atheism>无神论的必要性<Queen Mab>麦布女王<Revolt of Islam>伊斯兰的反叛<Prometheus Unbound>解放了的普罗米修斯Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and oppression <The Cenci>钦契 <A Defence of Poetry>诗辩<Ode to the West Wind>西风颂To a Skylark>致云雀9.ScottA. a historical novelistB.worksIvanhoe 艾凡赫waverly 威弗利the lady of the lake 湖畔湖人Rob Roy罗布.罗衣10.Jane Austen作品：① <Sense and Sensibility>理智与感情②<Pride and Prejudic> 傲慢与偏见③<Mansfield Park>曼斯菲尔德庄园④<Emma>爱玛⑤<Persuasion>劝导⑥<Northanger Abbey>诺桑觉寺。

英国⽂学史考试内容3. Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language.4. Chaucer composed a long narrative poem named Troilus and Gressie based on Boccaccio’s poem Filostrato.6. The Canterbury Tales contains the general prologue and 24 hours, two of which left unfinished.7. Chaucer employed the heroic couplet in writing his greatest work The Canterbury Tales.8. __Romance___ is the most prevailing literary form in the Middle Age.1. What are the Chaucer’s contributions to English literature?①Chaucer, for the first time in English literature, presents to the readers a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and describes a series of vivid characters from all walks of life in The Canterbury Tales.②Chaucer introduces from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the old English alliterative verse. He is the first to use the rhymed couplets of iambic pentameter, which is to be called the heroic couplet.③Chaucer affirms men’s and women’s right to pursue earthly happiness and opposed asceticism ( avoiding physical pleasures and comforts). He praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life and he exposes and satirizes the social vices, including the corruption of the Church.④Chaucer is the first great poet who wrote in the current English. His production of so much excellent poetry is an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country. Chaucer uses London dialect in his writings and the contributes to making it the foundation for modern English speech.2. What are the essential features of romance in the medieval English literature?The romance was the prevailing form of literature in the Middle Ages. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, Its essential features are:①. it lacks general resemblance to truth or reality.②It exaggerates the vices of human nature and idealizes the virtues.③. It contains perilous adventures more or less remote from ordinary life.④. It lays emphasis on supreme devotion to a fair lady.⑤. The central character of the romance is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapons. He is commonly described as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournaments, or fighting for his lord in battle. He is devoted to the church and the king.4.What is the significance of The Canterbury Tales?①In his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer gives us a faithful picture of the society of his time, ② Taking the standard of the rising bourgeoisie, he affirms men and opposes the dogma of asceticism preached by the Church. ③ As a forer unner of humanism, he praise man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. His tales expose and satirize the evils of his time. They attack the degeneration of the noble, the heartlessness of the judge, and the corruption of the Church. The first to present a comprehensive and realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.4. Bacon’s style has three prominent qual ities: __directness_, __terseness_ and __forcefulness.5. Hamlet, Othello, King and __Macbeth___ are generally regarded as Shakespeare’s four great tragedies.6.___Humanism_ is the essence of the Renaissance.※1. Sonnet: A lyric poem consisting of a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme. There are two major patterns of rhyme in sonnets written in the English language: (1) The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet falls into two main parts: an octave rhyming abbaabba followed by a sestet rhyming cdecde or some variant, such as cdccdc. (2) The Earl of Surrey and other English experimenters in the 16th century also developed a stanza form called the English sonnet, or else the Shakespearean sonnet. This sonnet falls into three quatrains and a concluding couplet: abab cdcd efef gg. There was one notable variant, the Spenserian sonnet, in which Edmund Spenser linked each quatrain to thenext by a continuing rhyme: abab bcbc cdcd ee.2. English Renaissance:The Renaissance refers to the transitional period from the medieval to the modern world. It first started in Italy in the14th century. The Renaissance means rebirth or revival. It was stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek classics, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation, and the economic expansion. Humanism is the essence of Renaissance. The English Renaissance did not begin until the reign of Henry VIII. It was regarded as England’s Golden Age, especially in literature. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. This period produced such literary giants as Shakespeare, Spenser, Marlowe, Bacon, etc.5. Give a brief analysis of Shylock, a character in Shakespeare’s play, The Merchant of V enice.Shylock is a Jewish usurer, and he is a tragic-comic character in the play.①He is comic because he finally becomes the one punished by his own evil deed. He is a typical merchant to be made fun of. He is avaricious. He accumulates as much wealth as he can and he even equates his lost daughter with his lost money. He is also cruel. In order to revenge, he would rather claim a pound of flesh from his enemy Antonio than get back his loan.②On the other hand, Shylock is also a tragic figure. He is the victim of the society. He is a Jew. As a minor nationality, he is not treated equally by the society. The law is harsh to him. He has to make as much money as he can in order to protect himself. He is abused by Antonio, and therefore, he wants to get revenge.3. In 1637 Milton wrote the finest pastoral elegy in English, ____Lycidas_, to memorize the tragic death of a Cambridge friend.4. __John Bunyan_ wrote his masterpiece _Pilgrim’s Progress__ during his second imprisonment and it is the most successful __religious allegory__ in the English language.5. John Donne is the founder of the school of _metaphysical poetry_. His works are characterized by mysticism in content and fantastically in form.Passage 1One short sleep past, we wake eternallyAnd death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt dieA. Identify the poet and the poem _John Donne Death, Be Not Proud______B. What does the phrase “one short sleep” mean? ______death__________________C. What idea do these two lines express?It reveals Donne’s belief in life after death. Here death is compared to rest or sleep. Death is butmomentarily while happiness after death is eternal.Passage 2..“ To wage by force or guile eternal war,Irreconcilable to our grand For.”By what means were Satan and his followers to wage this war against God? ____D_____A. by planting a tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden.B. by turning into poisonous snakes to threaten man’s life.C. by removing God from his throneD. by corrupting man and woman created by GodPassage 3.But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this and this gives life to theeA. Identify the poem and the poet. ______________________________B. What does the word “this” refers to? ___the poetry_________________________C. What idea does this stanza express?A nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. Shakespeare has a faith in the permanence of poetry2. The _Enlightenment__ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.4. Of all the 18th century novelists, __Henry Fielding_ was the first to set out in theory and practice, to write specially a“___comic epic in prose__,” and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.6. In writing plays the neo-classical writers used ___heroic couplet_____ instead of blank verse. They observed the three unities of time, place and action.9. The Talter and __The Spectator_ were Richard Steele and Joseph Addison’s chief contribution to English literature.10. Pamela is the first __epistolary_ novel in English literature.15. The more notable of the Gothic novels are __The Castle of Otranto__(1765) by Horace Walpole and __The Mysteries of Udolpho by Ann Radcliff. The mysterious element plays an enormous role in the Gothic novel; it is so replete with bloodcurdling scenes and unatural feelings that it is justly called ___a novel of horrors__16. ___Samuel Johnson___ is the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman-----Dictionary of the English language, which had become the foundation of all subsequent English dictionaries.Passage one“ The boast of heraldry, the pomp of po wer,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.The paths of glory lead but to the grave.”Questions:19. Identify the author and the title of the poem which this passage is taken.__Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard_ _____Thomas Gray_____________20. What does the phrase “inevitable hour” mean? _______death____________21. Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.The passage is about man’s inevitable death. No matter what family you are from, wha t power you have got, what beauty and wealth you have possessed, you should feel conceited or self-important. For sooner or later you will have to leave these material things behind; you cannot bring them all into the other world when you die. Since death awaits everyone and your glorious life leads you only to the grave, what is the use of fighting for all those material interests?Passage 2“Most mighty Emperor of Lilliput, delight and terror of he universe, whose dominions extend five thousand blustrugs (about twelve miles in circumference) to the extremities of the globe; Monarch of all monarchs; taller than the sons of men; whose feet press down to the center, and whose head strikes against the sun; at whose nod the princes of the earth shake their knees; pleasant as spring, comfortable as summer, fruitful as autumn, dreadful as winter.”Questions:22. Identify the work and the author Jonathan Swift; Gulliver’s Travels___23. What is the tone of the author? _____Satirical______________________24. What does the author parody here?By presenting the Lilliputian’s exaggerated compliments to their king, Swift parodies absurdly an arrogant style of the Englishmen(or the Europeans) in their speeches to their God or their monarchs.25. Satire: Satire is generally considered as a literary form in which humor, exaggeration or ridicule is used to bring to the forefront an individual or societal vice, folly, abuse or shortcoming. Its purpose, ideally, although humorous and entertaining, is to shine a light on the subject and invoke change.28. Comment on the features of the neoclassical literature.①In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism.②According to the neoclassicists, all forms of literature were modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers and those of the contemporary French ones. ③Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of literature. Prose should be precise, direct, smooth and flexible. Poetry should be lyrical, epical, didactic, satire or dramatic, and each class should be guided by its own principles. Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space and action should be strictly observed; regularity in construction should be and adhered to, and type characters rather than individuals should be represented. Besides the elegant poetic structure and diction, the neoclassical poetry was also noted for its seriousness and earnestness in tone and constant didacticism.④Mock epic, romance, satire and epigram were popular forms adopted by poets of the time.1.As an age of romantic enthusiasm, the Romantic Age began in 1798 when __ Wordsworth _ and _ Coleridge published _ Lyrical Ballads and ended in 1832 when __ Walter Scott__ died.2. Romanticism was in effect a revolt of the English __imagination_____ against the neoclassical __reason____3. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage contains __four__ cantos, which is written in the _Spenserian stanza. It teems with all kinds of recognizable features of Romantic poetry.5. Ode to a Nightingale expresses the contrast between the happy world of _ natural loveliness and human world of __ agony.6. Ode on a Grecian Urn shows the contrast between the __ permanence of art and the _ transience___ of human passion.9. Walt Scott is considered as “the father of _the _historical novel____” which opens up to fiction the rich and lively realm of history.11. The main idea running through the dramatic poem Prometheus Unbound is that of __freedom_______.12. The Romantic period is an age of poetry. The major Romantic poets such as Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats started a rebellion against the Neoclassical literature, which as later regarded as ___poeticrevolution_____Passage OneWild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;Destroyer and Preserver;hear, O hear!13. Identify the poem and the poet. Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind14. What is the “Wild Spirit”? It refers to the West Wind or “breath of Autumn’s being”15. What does the “Wild Spirit”destroy and preserve? It destroys things that are dead; it preserves new life represent new life or new birth.16. The stanza used in this ode was developed by the poet from the interlaced three-line units of the Italian __terzarima____, Shelley’s stanza consists of a set of four such tercets, closed by a couple rhyming with the middle line of the preceding tercet: __ ___.Passage TwoFor oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils17. Identify the poem and the poet.18. What is the recurrent central image in this poem?Daffodile19. Explain in a few words “that inward eye/Which is the bliss of solitude?The poet thinks that it is a bliss to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind while he is solitude.。

英国文学史资料British Writers and Works一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）•《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer)“英国诗歌之父”。

（Father of English Poetry）《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）•托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ）《乌托邦》（Utopia）•埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser）《仙后》（The Faerie Queene)•弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）《论说文集》（Essays)克里斯托弗·马洛Christopher Marlowe•《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine）•《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus）•《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta）威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》（A Midsummer Night’s Dream）、《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice）悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）、《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（Othello）、《李尔王》（King Lear）、《麦克白》（Macbeth）历史剧《亨利四世》（Henry IV）传奇剧《暴风雨》（The Tempest）本·琼生Ben Johnson•《人人高兴》（Every Man in His Humor）•《狐狸》（V olpone）•《练金术士》（The Alchemist）三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿John Milton《失乐园》（Paradise Lost）《复乐园》（Paradise Regained）诗剧《力士参孙》（Samson Agonistes）•约翰·班扬（John Bunyan）《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress）•威廉·康格里夫（William Congreve）《以爱还爱》（Love for Love）《如此世道》（The Way of the World）四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。

1、The Anglo-Saxon Period盎格鲁撒克逊时期(strength & somberness)The literature of this period falls naturally into two divisions---pagan 异教and Christian基督教Cynewulf 基涅武甫the author of poem on religious subject 宗教诗Caedmon 凯德蒙the father of English song 用诗歌的形式译圣经The Song of Beowulf can be justly termed England's national epic and its hero Beowulf--- one of the national heroes of the English people.作者不明Grendel格伦德尔-a monster half-humanThe only existing manuscript of the 10th century and was not discovered until 1705.The whole epic consists of 3182 lines and is to be decided into 2 parts with an interpolation between the two. The forefathers of the Jutes2、The Anglo-Norman Period盎格鲁-诺曼底时期（bright，romantic tales of love and adventure English language became) The three chief effects of the conquest were: 1. the bringing of Roman civilization to England 2. the growth of nationality 3. the new language and literature, which were proclaimed in Chaucer Three classes: the Matter of France, the Matter of Greece and Rome, the Matter of BritainKing Arthur「亚瑟王」Sir Gawain and the Green Knight高文骑士和绿衣骑士3、Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里•乔叟(首创heroic couplet)，the ＂father of English poetry" and one of the greatest narrative poets of England. It is characteristic that his allegories and symbols are already tinged with realistic images.English tonico-syllabic verseLondon dialectThe Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集（本应有32个香客，128个故事，最终只完成了24个）Prologue总引is a splendid masterpiece of realistic portrayal, the first of its kind in the history of English literature. In this poem Chaucer's realism, trenchant irony and freedom of views reached such a high level of power that it had no equal in all the English literature up to the 16th century.His work is permeated with buoyant free-thinking, so characteristic of the age of Renaissance whose immediate forerunner Chaucer thus became.4、The Renaissance 文艺复兴The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical(Greek and Roman) arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism蒙昧主义They held their chief interest not in ecclesiastical knowledge, but in man, his environment and doings and bravely fought for the emancipation of man from the tyranny of the church and religious dogmas.Thus Wyatt 怀亚特was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.Christopher Marlowe made blank verse无韵体诗William Shakespeare was one of the first founder of realism. Hamlet is the profoundest expression of Shakespeare’s humanism and his criticism of contemporary life. “to be or not to be”.Francis Bacon培根his work of three classes: philosophical, literary, professional works. The largest and important works Maxims of the law and Reading on the Statute of Uses. Of Truth & Of studies5、Revolution & RestorationMetaphysical poets玄学诗Restoration（witty and clever, but on whole immoral and cynical）John Milton约翰弥尔顿（文艺复兴之子）his greatest work Paradies lost presents the his views in an allegoric religious form. Paradies lost(12 books marked for its intricate and contradictory composition, based on the bible legend of the imaginary progenitors of the human race, Adam, Eve, Satan)John Bunyan班扬The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程written in the old-fashion, medieval form of allegory and dream.6、Enlightenment (man)Three main divisions: the reign of so-called classism, the revival of romantic poetry, the beginningof the modest novel. Prose rather than poetry.代表人物Joesph Addison& Richard SteelePope( elaborate heroic couplets) Henry Field and Tobias George Smollet are the real founders of bourgeois realistic novel. The most outstanding personality of the epoch of Enlightenment in England was Jonathan Swift---Gulliver’s Travels. -(Lilliput)Sentimentalism---Laurence Sterne Pre-romanticism“Gothic Novel”Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe7、The Romantic PeriodWilliam Blake and Robert Burns represented the spirit of what is usually called Pre-Romanticism. William Wordsworth’s Lyrical BalladsThe most important and decisive factor in the development of literature is economics. It was greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution.Thus, a new class, proletariat, had sprung into existence.The Revolution proclaimed the natural rights of man and the abolition of class distinctions. “liberty, equality and fraternity”The Reform Bill of 1832 shifted the center of political power to the middle class.Romanticism beginning with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads, ending with Walter Scott’s death.The 18th century was distinctively an age of prose.Poetry is the highest form of literary expressionColeridge and Southey, Wordsworth, so-called Lake PoetsThe great literary impulse the age is the impulse of Individualism in a wonderful variety of forms. Byron拜扬（Don Juan）Percy Bysshe Shelley雪莱（To the skylark-waking or asleep; teach me half the gladness）John Keats (Ode on a Grecian Urn-beauty is truth, truth beauty) Walter Scott (the father of Europe historical novel) Jane Austen (pried and prejudice)8、The Victorian AgeCritical realismThe greatest English realist of the time was Charles Dickens(Oliver Twist雾都孤儿）.Another critical realist - William Makepeace Thackeray was a no less severe exposer of contemporary society. Thackeray’s novels mainly contain a satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society.Chartist literature宪章文学, the struggle of the proletariat for its rightsR. Browning, humanismCharlotte Bronte (Jane Eyre简爱) Emily Bronte (Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄）9、The 20th Century LiteratureThe first disturbing factor was imperialism帝国主义Another factor that influenced literature for the worse was a widespread demand for social reform of every kind.Thomas Hardy (Tess of the D’Urebervilles)wrence (Oedipus complex 恋母情结）“art for art’s sake”with Oscar Wilde奥斯卡维尔德Anti-realistic art and literature反现实文学Oscar Wilde is the most conspicuous 颓废派writer and poet of the English decadence.Virginia Woolf & James Joyce are novelist of Stream-of-consciousness。

一．作家作品连线1.Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟——The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事），The Book of The Duchess（公爵夫人之书）、The Parliament of Fowls（百鸟会议)The House of Fame（声誉之堂）、Troilus and Criseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德）2.William Shakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, SonnetThe Merchant of Venice，Henry IV，Twelfth Night，King Lear，Macbeth 3.Francis Bacon培根——（Essays）Of Marriage and Single Life(轮婚姻和单身), Of Studies4.John Donne邓恩（Metaphysical poems玄学派诗人）-— Song and Sonnets （歌与十四行诗）, Holy Sonnets（圣十四行诗）5.John Milton 弥尔顿—— Paradise Lost(失乐园）、Paradise Regained（复乐园）Samson Agonistes（力士参孙）6.Daniel Defoe笛福——The Life and strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记)、Captain Singleton（辛格顿船长)、Moll Flanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯）A Journal of the Plague Year（大疫年日记）、Roxana （罗克萨娜）7.Jonathan Swift斯威夫特——Gulliver’s Travel s（格列佛游记）A Tale of a Tub (一只桶的故事)，A Modest Proposal（一个温和的建议）8.William Blake布莱克——Song of Innocence（天真之歌)，Song of experience（经验之歌）, Poetical Sketches(诗的素描), The Book of Thel（塞尔书)9.Robert Burns彭斯——Auld Lang Syne, A Red Red Rose，10.William Wordsworth华兹华斯——I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud11.Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治——Kubla Khan（忽必烈汗），BiographiaLiteria （文学传记）、Lyrical Ballads (抒情歌谣集)12.Jane Austen简·奥斯丁—- Pride and Prejudice二、术语解释1、Epic（史诗）： A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. It started in the 5th century, Beowulf was an important epic。

一、名词解释1、University witsa group of scholars during the Elizabethan Age who graduated fromeither Oxford or Cambridge.2、Three unitiesThree Unities(三一原则)：Three rules or absolutes of 16th and 17th century Italian and French drama, broadly adapted from Aristotle’s Poetics: the Unity of Time, which limits a play to a single day; the Unity of Place, which limits a play to a single location; and the Unity of Action, which limits a play to a single story line. 亚里士多德《诗学》3、EssayAn essay is a piece of prose writing, usually short, that deals with a subject in a limited way and expresses a particular point of view.The two general classification of essay are the informal essay and the formal essay.4、Comedy of manners (风尚喜剧，造谣学校)is a genre of play which satirizes the manners and affectations ofa social class.The School for Scandal has been called a great comedy of manners (风俗喜剧). This play has been regarded as the best English comedy since Shakespeare.5、Graveyard school （墓园派）Graveyard School / Poets: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. The vogue resulted in one of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Gray’s “Elegy written in a country churchyard”. The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the century and also influenced some American poets6、Poets：Byronic heroesIt refers to a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.(P224) Who are men with fiery passions and unbending will and express the poet’s own ideal of freedom. These heroes rise against tyranny and injustice, but they are merely lone fighters striving for personal freedom and some individualistic ends.二、简答题（4个，20分）作家是谁，选自那个作品，main idea，2~3个问题押韵，韵式1、The faerie QueeneWritten by Edmund Spenser: the poet’s poet Spenserian Stanza 斯宾塞诗节(See P43)•前八行（抑扬格五音步iambic pentameter)+第九行（抑扬格六音步iambic hexameter/亚历山大诗行Alexandrine line）Ababbcbcc2、Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day Sonnet 18Shall I compare thee to a summer's daySometime/ too hot/ the eye/ of hea/ven shines,And often/ is his/ gold com/plexion/ dimm'd;And eve/ry fair/ from fair/ sometime/ declines,By chance/ or na/ture's chan/ging course/ untrimm'dBut thy/ eter/nal sum/mer shall/ not fadeNor lose/ posse/ssion of /that fair/ thou ow’st;Nor shall/ Death brag/ thou wan/der'st in/ his shade,When in/ eter/nal lines/ to time/ thou growest:So long/ as men/ can breathe/ or eyes/ can see,So long/ lives this/ and this/ gives life/ to thee.夏日怎能与妳譬喻比拟妳的可爱温和夏日难及五月花蕾恶风吹袭落地夏日租约倏忽转瞬到期有时天眼高灼炎炎难耐更见乌云常蔽金色面容古今红颜难逃红颜色衰命运无常季候欺凌作弄妳的永恒夏日却将长存美貌红颜必也永世不减死神难夸妳为地府美人因妳芳名已成不朽诗篇除非人世已经灭绝无生此诗必将永传与汝永恒Analysis of Sonnet 181.Voice: eternity of love and poetry2.Sound:•i ambic pentameter•a bab cdcd efef gg3.Format: sonnet (not heroic couplet aabbccddeeffgg in TheCanterbury Tales)4.Stanza 1: You are beautiful.•S tanza 2: Beauty could not fight against time.•S tanza 3: Your beauty is eternal in my poem.•S tanza 4: Poetry is eternal.The poem starts with a flattering question to the beloved—"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The beloved is both "more lovely and more temperate" than a summer's day. The speaker lists some negative things about summer: it is short—"summer's lease hath all too short a date"—and sometimes the sun is too hot—"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines." However, the beloved has beauty that will last forever,unlike the fleeting beauty of a summer's day. By putting his love's beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever. "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." The lover's beauty will live on, through the poem which will last as long as it can be read.3、Childe Harold’s pilgrimage3. Childe Har old’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》, the first two canto.ByronSpenserian stanza , 9-line stanza, ababbcbcc p226long poem with 4 cantosHarold’s travels in Europephilosophical and political viewssolitary, melancholy melancholia:忧郁症keen understanding strong love of freedomfirst by the mouth of Harold, then by himselfThe Main Idea of Harold(P227)(1)Portugal and Spain the delicious land, the poverty of the poorand the struggle of the Spaniards against the foreignaggression(2)Albania and Greece the fallen state of fair Greece; remind ofthe heroic past, strive for the liberty(3)The venom恶毒的话 and spite怨恨 of the high society；condemnsthe reaction glorifies the French Revolution(4)Sings of Italy and its people; exposure the reactionary rulers;ardent love of liberty and firm belief in the people’s finaltriumph4、Don Juan 《唐璜》p228 Byron•It was written in Italy during the years from 1818 to 1823.•It has 16,000 lines in 16 cantos and written in ottava rima （八行体）.•Each stanza contains 8 iambic pentameter lines.The rhyme scheme is ababaComments on Don Juan(P228)1.The story of the poem takes place in the later part of the 18th century.2.Don Juan is a Spanish youth of aristocratic birth.3.This long poem describes Don Juan’s vicissitudes(变迁) of life andadventures in many countries.4.The hero is made to participate in different historical events.Thus we can get a broad panorama（全景） of the social life of the time.5.The poem gives a satirical description of English ruling classesand social conditions.6.Byron did not finish the poem. He meant to make the hero take partin the French Revolution and die a heroic death.Childhood-love affair-abroad-Greek island-sold as a slave-capital of Turkey-in guise of a woman -camp of the Russian army -St. Petersburg -Empress Catherine -to England on a political mission5、Jane Eyre《简.爱》 Charlotte Bronte p311•“Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? So you thinkI am an automaton?—a machine without feelings? And can bear tohave my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup?.......it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal --- as we are!”•Identify the author and the title of the novel.•Who is the speaker and whom is he/she talking to?•Summarize the speaker’s meaning.Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre《简.爱》The speaker is Jane Eyre and she is talking to Mr. Rochester.She feels hurt because Mrs. Rochester doesn’t treat her as an equal being.6、Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》p312Emily Brontë (1818—1848)•“He neither spoke, nor loosed his hold some five minutes, during which period be bestowed more kisses than ever he gave in his life before, I dare say; but then my mistress had kissed him first, andI plainly saw that he could hardly bear, for downright agony, tolook into her face! The same conviction had stricken him as me, from the instant he beheld her, that there was no prospect of ultimate recovery there– she was fated, sure to die.”•Identify the author and the title of the novel•Who is the narrator?•What does the passage describe?Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》It describes the meeting between Heathcliff and Catherine when Catherine is dying7、Break Break BreakTennyson’s Best-known Short Poems(1)“Break, Break, Break”“拍吧，拍吧，拍吧” P338sadness over the loss of a dear friend, combining the nature and his inner world（2）Crossing the Bar “穿过沙洲”The theme is that Tennyson expresses his optimistic attitude towards death when he is old.Break, break, break(P338)•Break, break, break, 碎了，碎了，碎了，•On the cold gray stones, O Sea!大海呀，拍碎在你灰冷的石岩！•And I would that my tongue could utter但愿我的舌端能道出•The thoughts that arise in me, 我内心涌起的思念。

◆The first national epic of English people 英国人第一部史诗作品-Beowulf贝尔武甫◆Most important book by Geoffrey Chaucer 乔叟的名著—The Canterbury Tales◆The three “Lake Poets"三位湖畔派诗人-William Wordsworth，Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey威廉·华兹华斯, 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治，罗伯特·骚塞(不考，要知道是其中一位）◆What are William Shakespeare's four great tragedies 莎士比亚四大悲剧•Hamlet《哈姆雷特》•Othello《奥赛罗》•King Lear《李尔王》•Macbeth《麦克白》四个浪漫主义诗人◆拜伦George Gordon Byron的代表作+雪莱代表作（混在四个答案里）P41 《唐璜》Don Juan《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《闲散时光》Hours of Idleness插雪莱的A Defence of Poetry《诗辩》◆雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley代表作P37 （小心填空）最经典的长诗Ode to the West Wind《西风颂》《伊斯兰的反叛》The Revolt of Islam《诗辩》A Defence of Poetry◆莎士比亚第18首商籁体诗歌的题目？SonnetShall I compare thee to a Summer's day?◆华兹华斯美称：大自然的吟唱者“worshipper o f nature”◆济慈John KeatsP43 《夜莺颂》Ode to a Nightingale《忧郁颂》Ode on Melancholy《心灵颂》Ode to Psyche《希腊古瓮颂》Ode on a Grecian Urn《圣·阿格尼斯节前夕》The Eve of St。

英国文学考试范围一、根据作品写出作者名字30%1、David Copperfield 《大卫·科波菲尔》————Charles Dickens 查尔斯·狄更斯Charles Dickens2、Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》————Jane Austen简·奥斯汀Jane Austen3、Jane Eyre 《简爱》————Charlotte Brontë夏洛蒂·勃朗特Charlotte Brontë4、Wuthering Heights 《呼啸山庄》————Emily Brontë 艾米莉·勃朗特Emily Bronte5、Sons and Lovers 《儿子与情人》————David Herbert Lawrence戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯6、Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》————William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚7、Prometheus Unbound 《解放了的普罗米修斯》—Percy·Bysshe·Shelley 珀西·比希·雪莱8、Paradise Lost 《失乐园》————John Milton约翰·弥尔顿9、The Sentimental Journey 《感伤旅行》————Laurence Sterne劳伦斯·斯特恩10、Don Juan 《唐璜》————George Gordon Byron乔治·戈登·拜伦11、Sonnet 18 《莎士比亚十四行诗》————William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚12、A Red, Red Rose 《一朵红红的玫瑰》————Robert Burns 罗伯特彭斯13、The Solitary Reaper 《孤独的割麦女》————William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯14、Mrs.Warren's Profession 《华伦夫人的职业》—George Bernard Shaw乔治·伯纳·萧15、Utopia 《乌托邦》————Thomas More托马斯·莫尔16、Tess of the D'Urbervilles 《德伯家的苔丝》——Thomas Hardy 托马斯·哈代17、Of Studies 《论学习》————Francis Bacon弗朗西斯·培根18、The Canterbury T ales 《坎特伯雷故事集》——Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗雷·乔叟19、A Man of Property 《有产者》————John Galsworthy约翰·高尔斯华绥20、Mrs.Dalloway 《达洛卫夫人》————Virginia Woolf弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫21、The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 《古舟子咏》Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治22、Ode to the West Wind《西风颂》————Percy Bysshe Shelley 珀西·比希·雪莱23、Robinson Crusoe 《鲁滨孙漂流记》————Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔·笛福24、Gulliver's Travels 《格列佛游记》————Jonathan Swift 乔纳森·斯威夫特25、Auld Lang Syne 《友谊地久天长》————Robert Burns 罗伯特彭斯二、解释文学术语30%1、Critical Realism 批判现实主义p163English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the 1840s and early 1850s. It found its expression mainly in the writing of novels. The critical realists, most of whom were novelists, described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticised the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.19世纪英国批判现实主义盛行于1840年代和1840年代初。

英国文学考试题型和范围（给学生）英国文学考试题型和复习范围题型：1. 作家与作品配对题10×2'2. 选择题15×2'3. 名词解释4×5'4. 分析题2×15'复习内容：一、作家与作品配对题和选择题复习内容：1.the England’s national epic---Beowulf2.Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利·乔叟1340-1400---the father of Englishpoetry, he is a master of English language. It was he who made the London dialect the foundation of modern English speech. Heroic couplet was frequently employed in his works.Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集3. Francis Bacon培根1561-1626--- The founder of English materialist philosophyAdvancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum新工具;New Atlantic新大西岛;Essays论文集（Of Studies论学习; Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self）4.William Shakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616A Midsummer Nights’ Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;Twelfth Night第十二夜The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henrythe Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）; The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;Romeo and Julet罗密欧与朱丽叶；The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear李尔王;Othello奥塞罗;The Sonnets十四行诗四大喜剧和四大悲剧---The Great Comedies: A Midsum mer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;;Twelfth Night 第十二夜;The Great Tragedies: The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记; Othello奥塞罗King Lear李尔王; The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;5. John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608-1674Paradise Lost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes力士参孙6.John Bunyan班扬1628-1688The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程;7.John Donne 约翰?多恩---The founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry8.Alexander Pope蒲柏1688-1744Pastorals田园诗集;An Essay on Criticism批评论;The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记;9. Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745---he was master ofsatireA Modest Proposal一个温和的建议;Guilliver’s Travels格列佛游记10.Danniel Defoe丹尼尔·迪福1660-1731---标志着近代英国小说的形成Robinson Crusoe鲁宾孙飘流记Samuel RichardsonPamela帕美拉11.Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁1707-1754---英国现实主义小说的奠基The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews,and of His Friend Mr Abraham Adams约瑟·安德鲁传;The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling汤姆·琼斯12. Richard Bringsley Sheridan理查德·谢立丹The School for Scandal造谣学校13.Samuel Johnson塞缪尔·约翰生1709-1784A Dictionary of the Engligh Language英语语言辞典14.Thomas Gray托马斯·格雷Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌15.William Blake布莱克1757-1827Songs of Innocence天真之歌;Songs of Experience经验之歌The Tyger16.Robert Burns彭斯1759-1796----Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心呀在高原;A Red,Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰;17. Enlightenment is an age of “reason”18. the lake poets school refers to William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey; while the Satan school includes George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats19. William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯1770-1850Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（与柯勒律治合编）;Lucy Poems露西组诗(She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways;To the Cuckoo杜鹃颂;I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud;The Solitary Reaper孤寂的刈麦人);20.George Gordon Byron乔治·拜伦1788-1824Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage恰罗德·哈罗德游记Don Juan唐·璜21.Percy Bysshe Shelley波西·比希·雪莱1792-1822Queen Mab麦布女王;Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯;Song to the Men of England致英国人民;Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark西风/云雀颂;22.John Keats约翰·济兹1795-1821Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂;Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂23.Walter Scott瓦尔特·司各特1771-1832---he was the father of historical novel24. novel is the main form of English Critical Realism25. Charles Dickens狄更斯1812-1870Oliver Twist奥利弗·退斯特《雾都孤儿》The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店;Dombey and Son董贝父子;David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔;Hard Times艰难时世;A Tale of Two Cities双城记;Great Expectation远大前程26. William MakepeaceThackery萨克雷1811-1863The Book of Snobs势利者集Vanity Fair名利场27. Jane Austin简·奥斯丁1775-1817---- she was the only realistic novelist in English romantic period.Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见;Sense and Sensibility理智与情感;28. Charlote/Emily Bronte夏洛蒂/爱米丽·勃郎特1816-1855Jane Eyre简爱Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄/29. George Eliot爱略特(Mary Ann Evans)1819-1880The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊；Silas Marner织工马南30.Afred Tennyson丁尼生1809-1892--- a poet laurateUlysses;Break,Break,Break31.Robert Browning 勃朗宁1812-1889---he was noted for the mastery of dramatic monologue(戏剧独白)My Last Duchess32.Oscar Wilde王尔德1856-1900--- he advocated the theory of “art for art’s sake”The Picture of Dorian Gray道林·格雷的画像33.Joseph Conrad康拉德1859-1924Lord Jim吉姆老爷Heart of Darkness黑暗的中心34. Henry JamesDaisy MillerThe Wings of the Dove35.Thomas Hardy哈代1840-1928---a great critical and naturalistic novelist.Tess of the D’urbervilles36.John Galworthy高尔斯华绥1867-193337.George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳1856-1950Widoer’s Houses鳏夫的房产Mrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业38.Thomas Stearns Eliot艾略特1888-1965The Waste Land荒原39.David Herbert Lawrence劳伦斯1885-1930Sons and Lovers儿子与情人;The Reinbow虹;Women in Love恋爱中的女人40.James Joyce乔伊斯1882-1941长篇小说：A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man青年艺术家的画像41. Virginia Woolf沃尔芙1882-1941Mrs Dalloway达洛威夫人;To the Lighthouse到灯塔去42. James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are 2 representatives of “stream of consciousness”意识流写作手法的代表作家。