最新考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学(5)

医学考研英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分，每题5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of sleep for health.B. The effects of sleep deprivation.C. The benefits of a regular sleep schedule.D. The relationship between sleep and memory.2. According to the author, what is the best way to improve sleep quality?A. Taking a nap during the day.B. Exercising regularly.C. Avoiding caffeine before bedtime.D. Using a white noise machine.3. What does the study mentioned in the passage suggest about the impact of sleep on memory?A. Sleep is essential for consolidating new memories.B. Lack of sleep can lead to memory loss.C. Sleep helps to improve creativity.D. Sleep has no effect on memory.4. What is the author's opinion on the use of sleeping pills?A. They are effective for short-term use.B. They should be used only as a last resort.C. They can cause addiction.D. They are not recommended at all.5. Which of the following is NOT a tip for improving sleep hygiene?A. Limiting screen time before bed.B. Drinking alcohol to help fall asleep.C. Creating a relaxing bedtime routine.D. Keeping a consistent sleep schedule.二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项填入空白处。

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（3）The widely held assumption that people would volunteer for AIDS-tests in droves once treatment became available was wrong. 61）And the reason for that appears to be that the government has not managed to reduce the disgrace associated with AIDS，and thus with seeking out a test for it if you suspect you might be infected.To combat this，the whole basis of AIDS testing in Botswana has just been changed. The idea is to“downgrade” the process into something low-key，routine and stigma-free. 62）Until now，a potential test subject had to opt in，by asking for a test；having asked，he was given 40 minutes of counseling to make sure he really knew what he was doing before any test was carried out. The new policy is to test people routinely when they visit the doctor. That way，having a test cannot be seen as an indication that an individual believes he may be infected. The test is not compulsory，but objectors must actively opt out. Silence is assumed to be consent，and no counseling is offered—just as would be the case for any other infectious disease.This policy shift is probably just the first of many that will take place in Botswana，South Africa and other African countries that are planning the mass provision of anti-AIDS drugs in public hospitals. Dwain Ndwapi，a doctor at Botswana‘s largest AIDS clinic，thinks that there are circumstances in which testing should be compulsory. 63）Inparticular，he believes that the currently high rate of transmission from mothers to new-born children could be reduced to zero if expectant mothers were always tested—and if those who proved positive were treated with an appropriate drugs before they gave birth.Another controversial change in the air is to reduce the frequency of two costly tests of patients‘blood. Viral-load tests and CD4-cell counts both measure how acute an individual’s infection has become. That helps a patient‘s doctor to decide when to prescribe anti-retroviral. 64）But laboratory capacity in Africa is inadequate for regular testing of the millions of people that need such drugs—at least if the tests are carried out as frequently as they would be in a rich country. Less frequent testing of each individual would allow more individuals to be given at least some tests.But that must be balanced against the need to treat more people faster. Doctors in Botswana are staggered at how desperately sick many patients are when they first arrive. They had expected people to walk into clinics for AIDS tests. Instead，many come in on stretchers on the verge of death. 65）Treating the very ill takes much more time and money than giving anti-AIDS pills to relatively healthy people，and it means that these people may have been unconsciously infecting others for longer. If routine tests persuade more patients to get help before they slump on a stretcher，all the better.1. Why few people would volunteer for AIDS-test if treatment is readily prepared？[A] Because people do not know whether they need the treatment.[B] Because people could not afford to pay the expensive drugs.[C] Because people are afraid to find out that they are infected.[D] Because people cannot bear the shame the tests bring.2. According to the text，how to “downgrade” the test process？[A] By forcing those potential AIDS patient to take the test.[B] by going down to the patients‘homes to take the test.[C] by testing patients as a regular thing in their hospital visits.[D] by asking them whether they would like to have a test.3. it can be inferred from the text that[A] the new policy will be able to include every patient who visits the doctor.[B] more policy like the new one will be carried out in a lot of African countries.[C] the old policy is better than the new one in that it provides patients with counseling.[D] the silence of the patient indicates his consent to any treatment that is available.4. the purpose of reducing the frequency of two expensive blood tests is to[A] help the patients save some money for treatments.[B] enable more people to take tests of some kind.[C] make sure that patients can receive in-time treatment.[D] prevent patients from possible further infection.5. persuading patients to get treatment early will have the following advatages except[A] saving anti-AIDS pills to relatively healthy people.[B] cutting down the costs in the treatment.[C] avoiding transmitting the virus to more people.[D] shortening doctors‘treatment time.词汇注释in droves 成群结队stigma 耻辱downgrade 降级low-key 低调的expectant mother 孕妇anti-retroviral 抗病毒staggered 吃惊的inadvertently 无意中地slump 躺难句讲解1. And the reason for that appears to be that the government has notmanaged to reduce the disgrace associated with AIDS，and thus with seeking out a test for it if you suspect you might be infected.[简析] 本句话的主干是“the reason for that appears to be that…”。

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（1）One of the many theories about alcoholism is the learning and reinforcement theory，which explains alcoholism by considering alcohol drinking as a reflex response to some stimulus and as a way to reduce an inner drive state such as fear or anxiety. Characterizing life situations in terms of approach and family discord，loss of job，and illness is explained by the proximity of the drive of reduction to the consumption of alcohol；that is，alcohol has the immediate effect of reducing tension while the unpleasant consequences of drunken behavior came only later. The learning pattern，therefore，favors the condition may trigger renewed drinking.Some experimental evidence tends to show that alcohol reduces fear in an approach-avoidance situation. Conger trained one group of rats to approach a food goal and trained another group to avoid electric shock. After an injection of alcohol the pull away from the shock was measurably weaker，while the pull toward food was unchanged.The obvious troubles experienced by alcoholic persons appear to contradict the learning theory in the planation of alcoholism. The discomfort，pain，and punishment they experience should presumably discourage the alcoholics from drinking. The fact that lcoholic persons continue to drink in the face of establishment and repetition of the resort to alcohol.In fact，the anxieties and feelings of guilt caused by the consequences of excessive alcohol drinking may become the signal for another time of alcohol abuse. The way in which the desire for another drink could be caused by anxiety is explained by the process of stimulus generalization：conditions or events occurring at the time of reinforcement tend to acquire all the features of stimuli. When alcohol is consumed in association with a state of anxiety or fear，the emotional state itself takes on the properties of a stimulus，thus triggering another time of drinking.The role of punishment is becoming increasingly important in explaining a cause of alcoholism based on the principles of learning theory. While punishment may serve to suppress a response，experiments have shown that in some cases it can serve as a reward and reinforce the behavior. Thus if the alcoholic person has learned to drink under conditions of both reward and punishment，either type of condition may trigger renewed drinking.1. The main purpose of the text is toA. introduce some existing theories about alcoholism.B. show the most effective new treatment of alcoholism.C. explain the application of a approach to alcoholism.D. help alcoholics and others know the cause of alcoholism.2. The description of Conger‘s experiment with two groups of ratswas intended toA. show that alcohol drinking does not affect appetite.B. confirm the findings of other academic researchers.C. show people that alcohol can minimize fear.D. disprove the learning and reinforcement theory.3. We can learn from paragraph 3 thatA. the learning theory sometimes contradicts itself in some fields.B. drinking alcohol can solve the problem of family discord.C. tension reduction usually appear first after drinking alcohol.D. alcoholics can‘t recall the unhappy consequence of alcoholism.4. The author provides enough information to answer the question ofA. why alcoholics continue to drink despite the unhappy consequences.B. how Conger explained the behavior of alcoholics by shock therapy.C. under what circumstances an alcoholic benefits from anxiety attacks.D. which treatment is the best one of alcoholism in the world now.5. It can be inferred from the text thatA. the behavior of alcoholics contradicts the approach-avoidance theory.B. the behavior of most alcoholics often proves the learning theory.C. punishment may become the stimulus for another time of drinking.D.frequent excessive drinking makes alcoholics indifferent to punishment.答案与解析1. B 主旨题。

西医考研英语试题及答案1. 阅读以下段落，选择最恰当的单词填空。

In the field of medicine, the term "diagnosis" refers to the process of identifying a disease or condition through the analysis of symptoms and medical history. The doctor will often use various diagnostic tools to assist in this process.A. identificationB. determinationC. differentiationD. detection答案：A2. 翻译以下句子。

原句：The patient's condition has stabilized after the surgery.翻译：手术后，病人的状况已经稳定。

3. 阅读以下医学文献摘要，并回答问题。

"Recent studies have shown that the use of statins can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease in patients with high cholesterol levels."问题：根据摘要，哪种药物可以显著降低高胆固醇患者心脏病的风险？答案：statins4. 以下哪个词组与“cardiology”（心脏病学）相关？A. 神经学B. 心脏病学C. 肿瘤学D. 内分泌学答案：B5. 阅读以下句子，选择正确的时态填空。

The doctor _______ (examine) the patient thoroughly before prescribing any medication.答案：will examine6. 完成以下句子。

Unit 1 SurgeryText A ExercisesText Comprehension1. Read the following statements and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F). F-T-F-F-T ; F-F-F-T-F2. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.B D B B3. Answer the following questions with information from the text.(1)Stress fractures, unlike many other types of fractures, don’t occur all at once. Rather,they are generally the result of repeated mechanical stress to a vulnerable, weight-bearing bone, such as those in the feet. While such fractures can happen to almost anyone, there are certain groups of people who are particularly vulnerable —those who engage in demanding sports, those who are tall, and those whose weight puts constant pressure and strain on their bones.(2)Yes, I believe so. Because studies confirming some of the purported benefits ofChinese medicine for bone repair may be on the way. Dr. Regis J. O’Keefe, chair of the department of orthopaedics and rehabilitation at the University of Rochester Medical Center, along with his colleagues, presented evidence at a recent meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, showing how one Chinese remedy appears to have some benefit, at least in mice. There is a compound in traditional Chinese herbs that can stimulate fracture repair and it alters a signaling pathway well known to regulate bone formation.(3)Stress fracture sufferers should seek professional attention as soon as the problemarises and realize that certain medical conditions will require them to stop training or participating to allow their body to heal —even if they don’t want to. They should also take an active role to educate themselves so they can weigh all their options and participate in their care. Those who ascribe to alternative therapies would be best to keep their expectations in check. While trying alternative treatment modalities, such as this, may not be harmful, one needs to know that they are unlikely to heal fractures and can delay the return to athletic activity because of the persistence of the fracture, and potentially convert a stress fracture into a common variety displaced fracture.VocabularyEnhance your Command of Medical Words1. Write a word or phrase for each of the following definitions.(1)crack(2)tarsal(3)navicular(4)acupuncture(5)anesthetic(6)orthopaedics(7)hiatus2. Translate the following phrases into Chinese.(1)应力性骨折(2)足舟骨(3)踝关节(4)康复计划(5)传统中药(6)整形外科(7)传统中药治疗方式(8)传统药物；常规药物(9)机械应力(10)骨骼形成(11)骨折康复(12)疼痛治疗；止痛方法(13)骨折而导致骨错位Enhance your Command of General Words1. Choose words from the box to complete the sentences. Change the word form when necessary.(1)at odds(2)looked to(3)skeptical(4)reputed(5)empiricism(6)upbringing(7)In this respect(8)dearthTranslationTranslate the following sentences from the text into Chinese.(1)NBA超级巨星姚明决定回中国去让传统中医治疗他的应力性骨折，而医生和中医专家们正在就中医疗法是否有效争论不休。

弥合科学与大众间的裂痕“弥合科学与大众的裂痕”，这是今年美国科学发展协会（AAAS）年会的主题，它看起来尤为及时。

事实上，当今每个摆在社会大众面前的主要问题都含有科技成分，其中意味正如彼得〃阿格雷所说，“公众对一般科学认识的需求越来越大，对科学无知的惩罚越来越严厉”。

今天，全世界的科学和技术都接受着史无前例的经济和政策支持，越来越多国家投资科学与科学教育，以期这些投入能够增强经济实力、改善民生。

在美国，本届政府的目光频繁聚焦科学、科学教育、以及政策的科学制定。

此外，美国国家科学委员会刚刚发布2010年科学指标报告，其中提到，普通公民仍然高度尊敬科学家，其威望仅次于消防员。

科学所承载的这种信心和威望基于这样一个信念，那就是相信科学的正直和诚信，相信科学界能够帮助解决全球的问题。

但是一连串近来发生的事件已经威胁到公众对科学的信任，有人主张，科学界与社会各界之间要维持强力连接，引起更大的关注很有必要。

科学有能力实现其承诺，切实并及时解决世界的问题，但这不仅仅取决于科学家的研究成果，还要依靠社会对科学发现意义的接受能力。

这种接受能力取决于公众认为科学在发现什么的态度，也取决于公众态度如何理解科学家自身行为。

在过去十年间，当科学进步和理论与特定文化价值或宗教信仰相冲突时，科学和社会双方的关系便极趋紧张。

比如说，在公立学校教授进化理论时，许多异议环绕左右，这源于对进化理论的现代诠释与关于创世的宗教信仰的冲突。

同样的，对胚胎干细胞研究的反对声来自一些宗教的信念，他们认为胚胎自受精时就已有生命。

这些形形色色的紧张状态最好这样处理——在这些问题上与公众沟通，在任何可能的时候寻找共同点。

这种方法要求科学家倾听并答复公众关切的事，教育大众关于科学进展的知识。

在政府和非政府组织的帮助下，投身公众事务正渐渐变得容易，也已经成为世界各地许多独立科学家的工作重点。

着眼于创造诚挚的对话总是比对科学的公众教育的非直接尝试更富有成果。

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（10）I had two routine checkups last week，and both the eye doctor and the dentist asked me to update my health history for their records. Their requests made sense. Health-care providers should know what problems their patients have had and what medications they’re taking to be on the lookout for potential trouble or complications.On each history，however，the section labeled FAMILY HEALTH HISTORY gave me pause. Few diseases are purely genetic，but plenty have genetic components. If my father suffered from elevated LDL，or bad cholesterol，my doctor should know that，because I’m probably at higher risk. If my mother had breast cancer，my sister （if I had one）would want her physician to be especially vigilant.While I know somethin g about the history of my parents’ health-my father had prostate cancer at a relatively young age and suffered from macular degeneration and Parkinson’s disease，and my mother died of lung cancer-there’s plenty I don’t know. What were my parents’ cholesterol numbers and blood pressures？I assume I would have known if either suffered from diabetes，but I can’t swear to that. And when it comes to my grandparents，whose genes I also have，I’m even more in the dark.That makes me fairly typical. According to Dr. Richard Carmona，the U.S. Surgeon General，only about a third of Americans have eventried to put together a family-health history. That’s why he has launched the Family History Initiative and declared Thanksgiving National Family History Day. Sitting around the turkey talking about cancer and heart disease may seem like a grim thing to do when you’re supposed to be giving thanks for everything that’s going right. But since many families will be gathering for the holiday anyway，it’s a perfect time t o create a medical family tree.And the Surgeon General is making it easy：if you go to /familyhistory，you can use the Frequently Asked Questions link to find out which diseases tend to run in families，which ones you should be most and least worried about，and what to do if，like me，your parents and grandparents have passed away. You can also download a free piece of software called My Family Health Portrait，which helps you organize the information. The program prints that out in a easy-to-read form you can give to your doctors.The website insists the software is “fun”，but that may be going a bit far. In any case，it’s available only for Windows machines，so Mac users and people without computers have to use a printed version of the tree. It’s worth it，though，since it could help save your life or the life of your children someday.注（1）：本文选自Time；11/22/2004，p100；注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象为2005年真题Text 1；1. In the opening paragraph，the author introduces his topic by[A] posing a contrast.[B] justifying an assumption.[C] explaining a phenomenon.[D] making a comparison.2. The statement “I assume I would have known if either suffered from diabetes，but I can’t swear to that.” （Line 4，Paragraph 3）implies that[A] only one of them suffered from diabetes.[B] neither of them suffered from diabetes.[C] both of them suffered from diabetes.[D] it’s uncertain whether they suffered from diabetes or not.3. Family health report is very important because[A] you can be careful about some disease and keep fit.[B] you are connected with your parents and your grandparents.[C] many diseases are genetic and should be noticed.[D] you should be considerate and care about your parents.4. Dr. Richard Carmona suggests that[A] you should present your doctor with a medical history.[B] you should print out your family’s medical history.[C] you should gather your f amily’s medical history.[D] you should give thanks for everything that is going right.5. What can we infer from the last paragraph？[A] The software is fun enough.[B] Family medical tree shouldn’t be neglected.[C] The software is not available anywhere.[D] It is worthwhile to draw a family tree.答案：C B A C B。

考研英语阅读理解精读100篇医药类Unit 84At 18, Ashanthi DeSilva of suburban Cleveland is a living symbol of one of the great intellectual achievements of the 20th century. Born with an extremely rare and usually fatal disorder that left her without a functioning immune system (the "bubble-boy disease," named after an earlier victim who was kept alive for years in a sterile plastic tent), she was treated beginning in 1990 with a revolutionary new therapy that sought to correct the defect at its very source, in the genes of her white blood cells. It worked. Although her last gene-therapy treatment was in 1992, she is completely healthy with normal immune function, according to one of the doctors who treated her, W. French Anderson of the University of Southern California. Researchers have long dreamed of treating diseases from hemophilia to cancer by replacing mutant genes with normal ones. And the dreaming may continue for decades more. "There will be a gene-based treatment for essentially every disease," Anderson says, "within 50 years."It's not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Anderson's early success. The National Institutes of Health budget office estimates it will spend $432 million on gene-therapy research in 2005, and there is no shortage of promising leads. The therapeutic genes are usually delivered through viruses that don't cause human disease. "The virus is sort of like a Trojan horse," says Ronald Crystal of New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical College. "The cargo is the gene."At the University of Pennsylvania's Abramson Cancer Center, immunologist Carl June recently treated HIV patients with a gene intended to help their cells resist the infection. At Cornell University, researchers are pursuing gene-based therapies for Parkinson's disease and a rare hereditary disorder that destroys children's brain cells. At Stanford University and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, researchers are trying to figure out how to help patients with hemophilia who today must inject themselves with expensive clotting drugs for life. Animal experiments have shown great promise.But somehow, things get lost in the translation from laboratory to patient. In human trials of the hemophilia treatment, patients show a response at first, but it fades over time. And the field has still not recovered from the setback it suffered in 1999, when Jesse Gelsinger, an 18-year-old with a rare metabolic disorder, died after receiving an experimental gene therapy at the University of Pennsylvania. Some experts worry that the field will be tarnished further if the next people to benefit are not patients but athletes seeking an edge. Thissummer, researchers at the Salk Institute in San Diego said they had created a "marathon mouse" by implanting a gene that enhances running ability; already, officials at the World Anti-Doping Agency are preparing to test athletes for signs of "gene doping." But the principle is the same, whether you're trying to help a healthy runner run faster or allow a muscular-dystrophy patient to walk. "Everybody recognizes that gene therapy is a very good idea," says Crystal. "And eventually it's going to work."注（1）：本文选自Newsweek；12/6/2004, p55-55, 2/3p, 1c;注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象：第1、2题分别模仿2003年真题text1的第2题和第1题；第3、4题分别模仿2004年真题text1的第5 题和第3题；第5题模仿2002年真题text3的第5题;1.The case of Ashanthi Desilva is mentioned in the text to ____________.[A] show the promise of gene-therapy[B] give an example of modern treatment for fatal diseases[C] introduce the achievement of Anderson and his team[D] explain how gene-based treatment works2.Anderson’s early success has ________________.[A] greatly speeded the development of medicine[B] brought no immediate progress in the research of gene-therapy[C] promised a cure to every disease[D] made him a national hero3.Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Ashanthi needs to receive gene-therapy treatment constantly.[B] Despite the huge funding, gene researches have shown few promises.[C] Therapeutic genes are carried by harmless viruses.[D] Gene-doping is encouraged by world agencies to help athletes get better scores.4.The word “tarnish” (line 5, paragraph 4) most probably means____________.[A] affect[B] warn[C] trouble[D] stain5.From the text we can see that the author seems ___________.[A] optimistic[B] pessimistic[C] troubled[D] uncertainA B C D A篇章剖析：本篇文章是说明文，主要说明基因疗法的前景，现状，遭遇的问题以及人们对待基因疗法的态度。

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（15）Sleep is a funny thing. We’re taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night，but a lot of us get by just fine on less，and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of stroke——probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a neurosurgeon，it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride，confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care. Maybe we shouldn’t have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness，a person’s motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously，surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often don’t think twice about operating without enough sleep.“I could tell you horror stories，” says Jaya Agrawal，president of the American Medical Student Association，which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. “I was operating after being up for over 36 hours，” one writes. “I literally fellasleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound.”“Pra ctically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work，” writes another. “I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a ‘Jersey barrier’ on the New Jersey Turnpike，going 65 m.p.h.” “Your own patients have b ecome the enemy，” writes a third，because they are “the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep.”Agrawal’s organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of 2001，introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions，modeled on New York State’s regulations，include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit.Most doctors，however，resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley， a senior surgery resident at the University of Michigan，agrees that something needs to be done but believes “doctors should be bound by their conscience，not by the government.”The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors，patients are on their own. If you’re worried about the people treating you or a loved one，you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more-rested staffers are available. Doctors，for their part，have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.注（1）：本文选自Time；3/11/2002，p73，3/4p，1c；注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象：第1、2题分别模仿1999年真题text4的第1题和text2的第2题；第3题模仿1998年真题text3的第2题；第4、5题分别模仿2004年真题text2的第3题和text3的第5题；1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ____________.[A] people who sleep less than 8 hours a day are more prone to illness[B] poor sleep quality may be a sign of physical disorder[C] stroke is often associated with sleep[D] too much sleep can be as harmful as lack of sleep2. Speaking of the sleep problems doctors face，the author implies that ________________.[A] doctors often need little sleep to keep them energetic[B] doctors‘sleep is deprived by residents[C] doctors tend to neglect their own sleep problems[D] sleep-deprived doctors are intoxicated3. Paragraph 3 and 4 are written to ____________.[A] entertain the audience with some anecdotes[B] discuss the cause of doctors‘sleep problems[C] show the hostility doctors harbor against their patients[D] exemplify the danger doctors face caused by lack of sleep4. By “doctors should be bound by their conscience，not by the government” （line 6，paragraph 5），Dr. Charles Binkley means that____________.[A] doctors should not abide by government‘s regulations[B] the government is interfering too much[C] the regulations about workweek and work shift are too specific[D] law can not force a doctor to sleep while his conscience can5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree？[A] Patients should control the hours of their doctors.[B] Pilots and truck drivers work in safer environments than that of doctors‘。

最新考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（8）考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（8）Should doctor-assisted suicide ever be a legal option？It involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovery appear to be none.Those who argue against assisted suicide do so by considering the roles of the patient，the doctor，and nature in these situations.Should the patient take an active role in assisted suicide？When a patient is terminally ill and in great pain，those who oppose assisted suicide say that it should not be up to that patient to decide what his or her fate will be.There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies，for example，nature.Neither science nor personal preference should take precedence over these larger forces.What role should the doctor have？Doctors，when taking the Hippocratic oath，swear to preserve life at all costs，and it is their ethical and legal duty to follow both the spirit and the letter of this oath.It is their responsibilities to heal the sick，and in the cases when healing is not possible，then the doctor is obliged to make the dying person comfortable.Doctors are trained never to hasten death.Those who oppose assisted suicide believe that doctors who do help terminally ill patients die are committing a crime，and they should be dealt with accordingly.Doctors are also，by virtue of their humanness，capable of making mistakes.Doctors could quite possibly say，for instance，that acancer patient was terminal，and then the illness could later turn out not to be so serious.There is always an element of doubtconcerning the future outcome of human affairs.The third perspective to consider when thinking about assisted suicide is the role of nature.Life is precious.Many people believe that it is not up to human beings to decide when to end their own or another‘s life.Only nature determines when it is the right time for a person to die.To assist someone in suicide is not only to break criminal laws，but to break divine 1aws as well.These general concerns of those who oppose assisted suicide are valid in certain contexts of the assisted suicide question.For instance，patients cannot always be certain of their medical conditions.Pain clouds judgment，and so the patient should not be the sole arbiter of her or his own destiny.Patients do not usually choose the course of their medical treatment，so they shouldn‘t be held completely responsible for decisions related to it.Doctors are also fallible，and it is understandable that they would not want to make the final decision about when death should occur.Since doctors are trained to prolong life，they usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted suicide.I believe that blindly opposing assisted suicide does no onea service.If someone is dying of cancer and begging to be put out of his or her misery，and someone gives that person a deadly dose of morphine，that seems merciful rather than criminal.If we can agree to this，then I think we could also agree that having a doctor close by measuring the dosage and advising the family and friends is a reasonable request.Without the doctor‘s previous treatment，the person would have surely been dead already.Doctors have intervened for months or even years，so why not sanction this final，merciful intervention？Life is indeed precious，but an inevitable part of life is death，and it should be precious，too.If life has become an intolerable pain and intense suffering，then it seems that in order to preserve dignity and beauty，one should have the right to end her or his suffering quietly，surely，and with family and friends nearby.1. In this passage“doctor-assisted suicide”act ually refers to the practice that doctors____.[A]kill their patients by intentional inducement[B]unconsciously help their patients to commit suicide[c]propose euthanasia（安乐死）to the terminally ill patient[D]kill their patients with improper prescription2. People may object to doctor-assisted suicide on the ground that____.[A]patients should determine when they want to end their lives[B]doctors should be punished if they fail to save their patients[C]doctors may make mistakes in their diagnosis[D]doctors should wait until their patients‘death is certain3. Who has the power to decide when a person should die according to those who argue against assisted suicide？[A]The patient. [B]The doctor.[C]Nature. [D]None of the above.4. When speaking of the role patients play in assisted suicide，the author admits that____.[A]it is not up to them to make the choice[B]science is a better arbiter than their personal preference[C]personal preference should not be taken too seriously[D]they are unable to make the choice in some cases5. The author makes it clear that____.[A]he is opposed to doctor-assisted suicide[B]he is in favor of doctor-assisted suicide[C]he neither objects to nor favors doctor-assisted suicide[D]he thinks it better to leave the issue undiscussed at present1. [C] 第一段第二句实际上是doctor-assisted suicide的定义。

It was 3: 45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history. The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling. Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death-probably by a deadly injection or pill-to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks, he says. 51. From the second paragraph we learn that ________. （A）the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries （B）physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia （C）changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law （D）it takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage 52. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means ________. （A）observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia （B）similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries （C）observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes （D）the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop 53. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________. （A）face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia （B）experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient （C）have an intense fear of terrible suffering （D）undergo a cooling off period of seven days 54. The author's attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________. （A）opposition （B）suspicion （C）approval （D）indifference 答案及试题解析 51.（D）意为：理解该法获批准的意义尚需要时间。

中医学考研英语试题及答案# 中医学考研英语试题及答案## 一、阅读理解（共4篇，每篇5题，每题2分，共40分）### 阅读理解A文章Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Holistic Approach to Health文章摘要：Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a comprehensive system of health care that has been practiced for over 2,000 years. It includes various practices such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage, and dietary therapy, all aimed at restoring the balance of Qi and preventing disease.问题1：What is the main focus of Traditional Chinese Medicine?A. Preventing diseases onlyB. Restoring the balance of QiC. Using only herbal medicineD. All of the above答案1：B问题2：How long has TCM been practiced?A. 100 yearsB. 500 yearsC. 2,000 yearsD. 5,000 years答案2：C问题3：Which of the following is NOT a practice of TCM?A. AcupunctureB. SurgeryC. MassageD. Dietary therapy答案3：B问题4：What is the ultimate goal of TCM practices?A. To cure diseasesB. To prolong lifeC. To restore health balanceD. To increase body strength答案4：C问题5：According to the passage, which of the following statementsis true?A. TCM only focuses on treating symptoms.B. TCM is a relatively new field of medicine.C. TCM has a long history and a holistic approach.D. TCM practices are limited to China.答案5：C### 阅读理解B文章标题：The Role of Acupuncture in Modern Medicine文章摘要：Acupuncture, a key component of TCM, has been increasingly recognized by modern medicine for its efficacy in treating various conditions, including chronic pain and stress-related disorders.问题1：What is the significance of acupuncture in TCM?A. It is a minor aspect of TCM.B. It is the only recognized practice in TCM.C. It is a key component with wide applications.D. It has been largely dismissed by modern medicine.答案1：C问题2：What conditions can acupuncture help treat?A. Only acute conditionsB. Chronic pain and stress-related disordersC. Only psychological disordersD. None of the above答案2：B问题3：How is acupuncture perceived by modern medicine?A. It is not recognized at all.B. It is recognized for its efficacy.C. It is considered a pseudoscience.D. It is only used as a last resort.答案3：B问题4：What is the main purpose of acupuncture?A. To cure all diseasesB. To restore the balance of QiC. To replace modern medicineD. To provide quick relief only答案4：B问题5：According to the passage, which of the following is a benefitof acupuncture?A. It has no side effects.B. It can cure any condition.C. It is a scientifically proven treatment.D. It is a cost-effective alternative.答案5：C### 阅读理解C & D（此处省略，以满足800字以下的要求）## 二、完形填空（共10题，每题1分，共10分）文章标题：The Integration of TCM and Western Medicine文章摘要：The integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine has the potential to offer patients a more comprehensive approach to health care, combining the strengths of both systems.（此处省略具体完形填空题目及答案，以满足字数要求）## 三、翻译（英译汉，共5题，每题3分，共15分）1. The concept of Yin and Yang is fundamental to TCM.- 中医的基本理念是阴阳平衡。

医学考研英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

AThe medical profession is an ever-evolving field with new research and developments constantly emerging.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The medical field is dynamic and changing.B) Research is the only way to advance medicine.C) Medical professionals must be constantly learning.D) The passage does not have a clear main idea.2. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Medical professionals are resistant to change.B) New developments in medicine are rare.C) The medical field requires continuous learning.D) Research is not valued in the medical community.BRecent studies have shown that a balanced diet and regular exercise can significantly reduce the risk of chronic diseases.3. What is the focus of the recent studies mentioned in the passage?A) The benefits of a balanced diet.B) The importance of regular exercise.C) The reduction of chronic disease risk.D) Both A and B.4. What can be concluded from the passage?A) Chronic diseases are on the rise.B) Diet and exercise have no effect on health.C) Lifestyle changes can improve health outcomes.D) The passage does not provide any conclusions.二、完形填空（共15分，每题1.5分）Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the most suitable word from the options provided.In recent years, telemedicine has become increasingly popular as a convenient way for patients to receive medical 5. (A) advice, (B) services, (C) treatment, (D) consultation.5. The correct answer is: (D) consultation.6-10. [Fill in the blanks with the correct options from the choices provided.]三、翻译（共15分，每题5分）Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese.11. The discovery of penicillin revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections.翻译：青霉素的发现彻底改变了细菌感染的治疗方式。

医学考研英语试题及答案医学考研英语模拟试题一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）Passage 1Researchers have found that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables can significantly reduce the risk of developing certain types of cancer. The study, which followed over10,000 participants for a period of ten years, showed that those who consumed at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily had a 30% lower risk of developing cancer compared to those who consumed less than three servings a day.Questions:1. According to the study, what is the impact of a diet richin fruits and vegetables on cancer risk?A. It increases the risk of cancer.B. It has no significant impact on cancer risk.C. It significantly reduces the risk of developing certain types of cancer.D. It eliminates the risk of all types of cancer.Passage 2The latest medical breakthrough in the treatment ofAlzheimer's disease involves the use of a new drug that targets the beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. These plaques are believed to be one of the primary causes of the disease. The drug has shown promising results in clinical trials, improving cognitive function and slowing the progression of the disease.Questions:2. What is the primary target of the new drug for Alzheimer's treatment?A. Cognitive functionB. Beta-amyloid plaquesC. The progression of the diseaseD. The cause of the disease二、完形填空（共15分，每题3分）The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently launched a campaign to raise awareness about the importance of mental health. Mental health is as important as physical health and should not be overlooked. The campaign aims to educate people about the signs of common mental health disorders and to encourage them to seek help when necessary.3. The WHO campaign is focused on ________ the significance of mental health.A. ignoringB. emphasizingC. avoidingD. minimizing4. Mental health is considered as ________ as physical health.A. less importantB. equally importantC. more importantD. unimportant三、词汇与语法（共25分，每题5分）5. The doctor suggested that the patient should ________ a balanced diet to improve his health.A. stick toB. come up withC. look intoD. get away from6. Despite the recent advances in medical technology, thereare still many diseases that are ________ to cure.A. possibleB. impossibleC. likelyD. unlikely7. The research team ________ the data for hours before they could draw any conclusions.A. analyzedB. was analyzingC. had analyzedD. have analyzed四、翻译（共20分，每题10分）8. 将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题：医学（2）There are certain people who behave in a quite peculiar fashion during the work of analysis. When one speaks hopefully to them or expresses satisfaction with the progress of the treatment，they show signs of discontent and their condition invariably becomes worse. One begins by regarding this as defiance and as an attempt to prove their superiority to the physician，but later one comes to take a deeper and juster view. One becomes convinced，not only that such people cannot endure any praise or appreciation，but that they react inversely to the progress of the treatment. Every partial solution that ought to result，and in other people does result，in an improvement or a temporary suspension of symptoms produces in them for the time being an intensification of their illness；they get worse during the treatment instead of getting better. They exhibit what is known as a “negative therapeutic reaction”。

2022年考研英语模拟试题的阅读理解5五、胚胎讨论BBC s Casualty programme on Saturday evening gave viewers a vote as to which of two patients should benefit from a donation. But it failed to tell us that we would not need to make so many life-and-death decisions if we got to grip with the chronic organ shortage. Being pussyfooting around in its approach to dead bodies, the Government is giving a kicking to some of the most vulnerable in our society. One depressing consequence of this is that a significant number of those on the waiting list take off to foreign countries to purchase an organ from a living third-world donor, something that is forbidden in the United Kingdom. The poor have no option but to wait in vain.The Human Tissue Authoritys position on the retention of body parts for medical research after a post-mortem examination is equally flawed. The new consent forms could have been drafted by some evil person seeking to stop the precious flow of human tissue into the pathological laboratory. The forms are so lengthy that doctors rarely have time to complete them and, even if they try, the wording is so graphic that relatives tend to leg it before signing. In consequence, the number of postmortems has fallen quickly.The wider worry is that the moral shortsightedness evident in the Human Tissue Act seems to infect every facet of the contemporary debate on medical ethics. Take the timid approach to embryonic stem cell research. The United States, for example, refuses government funding to scientists who wish to carry out potentially ground-breaking research on the surplus embryos created by IVF treatment.Senators profess to be worried that embryonic research fails to respect the dignity of potential persons. Rarely can such a vacuous concept have found its way into a debate claming to provide enlightenment. When is this potential supposed to kick in? In case you were wondering, these supposedly precious embryos are at the same stage of development as those that are routinely terminated by the Pill without anyone crying. Thankfully, the British Government has refused the position of the United States and operates one of the most liberal regimes in Europe, in which licences have been awarded to researchers to create embryos for medical research. It is possible that, in years to come, scientists will be able to grow organs in the lab and find cures for a range of debilitating diseases.The fundamental problem with our approach to ethics is our inability to separate emotion from policy. The only factor that should enter our moral and legal deliberations is that of welfare, a concept that is meaningless when applied to entities that lack self-consciousness. Never forget that the research that we are so reluctant to conduct upon embryos and dead bodies is routinely carried out on living, pain-sensitive animals.1. What has caused the chronic organ shortage?[A] a decrease in donation rates. [B] inefficient governmental policy.[C] illegal trade in human organs. [D] news medias indifference.五、胚胎讨论BBC s Casualty programme on Saturday evening gave viewers a vote as to which of two patients should benefit from a donation. But it failed to tell us that we would not need to make so many life-and-death decisions if we got to grip with the chronic organ shortage. Being pussyfooting around in its approach to dead bodies, the Government is giving a kicking to some of the most vulnerable in our society. One depressing consequence of this is that a significant number of those on thewaiting list take off to foreign countries to purchase an organ from a living third-world donor, something that is forbidden in the United Kingdom. The poor have no option but to wait in vain.The Human Tissue Authoritys position on the retention of body parts for medical research after a post-mortem examination is equally flawed. The new consent forms could have been drafted by some evil person seeking to stop the precious flow of human tissue into the pathological laboratory. The forms are so lengthy that doctors rarely have time to complete them and, even if they try, the wording is so graphic that relatives tend to leg it before signing. In consequence, the number of post mortems has fallen quickly.The wider worry is that the moral shortsightedness evident in the Human Tissue Act seems to infect every facet of the contemporary debate on medical ethics. Take the timid approach to embryonic stem cell research. The United States, for example, refuses government funding to scientists who wish to carry out potentially ground-breaking research on the surplus embryos created by IVF treatment.2. The expression pussyfooting around might mean______.[A] unfair [B] hesitant [C] secret [D] strict3. The moral shortsightedness is revealed in the fact that _____.[A] the government has stopped the experiment on human tissue[B] the donation consent forms are difficult to understand[C] the Human Tissues Act is an obstacle to important medical research[D] embryonic research shows disregard for human life4. To which of the following is the author most likely to agree?[A] the rich and the poor are equal in the face of death. [B] more scientists are needed for the medical advancement.[C] there is a double standard in medical ethics. [D] the dead deserve the same attention as the living.5. The author is most critical of_____.[A] the media [B] doctors [C] U. S. Legislators [D] the British government答案:1.B 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.C。