威廉福克纳 介绍William Faulkner18页PPT

history, but its emotional and psychological history as well.
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Themes of his novels
• Conflicts between the old and new • The old , trying to keep the old moral value
• men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the
• women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no
• one save an old man-servant--a combined
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characters
• His characters are often deeply disturbed, and in some sense, driven, with their past and with the present forces that lie beyond their control and yet so relentlessly shape their destinies.
• Colonel Sartoris, the mayor--he who fathered the edict that no Negro
• woman should appear on the streets without an apron-remitted her
• taxes, the dispensation dating from the death of her father on into

故此，如今年轻人在写作时忘记了人 类内心的冲突，而这种冲突本身就可 以造就优秀的文字，因为只有它才值 得书写，才值得痛苦和流汗。
(P3)人们必须重温这些，必须教会自己：一切事物中最基 本的东西才最值得敬畏；并且，还要教会自己，没齿不忘， 永远在自己的工作室里为亘古不变的心灵的真理留出位置； 离开这些亘古不变的真理，任何小说都注定如浮游朝菌生 命一般地短暂 - -爱或荣誉或怜悯或自豪或同情或牺牲。 如果不这样做，他的一切劳作都会受到魔咒。 他所描绘 的不是爱情而是肉欲，他所记述的失败里不会有人失去任 何有价值的东西，他所描绘的胜利中也没有希望，更没有 同情和怜悯。他的悲哀，缺乏普遍的基础，留不下丝毫痕 迹。他所描述的不是人类的心灵，而是人类的内分泌物。
Main idea
3.Man will not merely endure, he will prevail. He is immortal because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. (Para.4)
Main idea
1.Only the human heart in conflict with itself is worth writing. (Para.2)
2.The basest of all things is to be afraid. Writers should remember forever that good writing reflects the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths—love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. (Para.3)

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▪ Of Faulkner's literary works, four novels are masterpieces by any standards: The Sound and the Fury, Light in August, Absalom, Absalom! and Go Down, Moses. The Sound and the Fury is his acclaimed masterpiece, an account of the tragic downfall of the Compson family.
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▪ An anthology of his writings: The Portable Faulkner.
▪ In l950, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for the anti-racist Intruder in the Dust (1948).
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▪ The major concern of Light in August is primarily about the South as a state of mind. In this novel, different attitudes towards life - plainly obsessions with the past, with blood or race and solely concern with bringing forth and preserving life - represented by different major characters.

《我的弥留之际》是“关于人类忍受能力的一个原始 寓言”。写农妇本德仑太太死后，一家人把她送去墓 地，为期10天的一次“苦难的历程”。在期间，每人 都有不同的表现。尽管有种种愚蠢、自私、野蛮的表 现，这一家人为了信守诺言，尊重亲人感情，还是克 服了巨大的困难与阻力，完成他们的使命。
《押沙龙，押沙龙！》书名取自《圣经》，本是大卫王 对阴谋篡位被杀身死的爱子押沙龙发出的哀叹，福克纳 借此表达父子反目、兄弟阋墙、命运不可违的悲剧主题。 具有史诗结构和悲剧气氛。
海德格尔认为，时间构成了人的实体或存在。 时间性是现代人的视界，“现代”使时间的意识空前
强化。 萨特认为作品中突出强调的是现在。
海德格尔和萨特都强调人的未来性：“人不是他所有 的一切的总和，而是他还没有而可以有的一切的综 合。”
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“神话模式”三、一、四章的标题分别为1928年4月6日至8 日，这三天恰好是基督受难日到复活节。而第二章的1910 年6月2日在那一年又正好是基督圣体节的第八天。因此， 康普生家历史中的这四天都与基督受难的四个主要日子有 关联。不仅如此，从每一章的内容里，也都隐约可以找到 与《圣经·新约》中所记基督的遭遇大致平行之处。
人生犹如痴人说梦，充满着喧哗与骚动，却没有任何 意义。
小说的故事发生在杰弗生镇上的康普生家。这是一个曾经 显赫一时的望族，祖上出过一位州长、几名将军。家中原 来广有田地，黑奴成群，如今只剩下一幢破败的宅子，黑 奴也只剩下老婆婆迪尔西和她的小孙女。
一家之主康普生是个律师，但从不接洽业务，整天醉醺醺 的发表空谈，把悲观失望的情绪传给大儿子昆丁。
康普生太太无病呻吟，总感觉自己在受气吃亏。她时时不 忘自己是南方大家闺秀的身份，家中却没有一个人从她那 里得到温暖。

Mr. Compson is an alcoholic. Mrs. Compson is a selfabsorbed hypochondriac who depends almost entirely upon Dilsey to raise her four children. Quentin, the oldest child, is a sensitive bundle of neuroses. Caddy, his sister, is stubborn, but loving and compassionate. Quentin commited suicide after Caddy's losing her virginity and their family's decline. Jason has been difficult and mean-spirited since birth and is largely spurned by the other children. Benjy is severely mentally disabled, an “idiot” with no understanding of the concepts of time or morality.
volume of poetry, 11 novels Early 1940s, forgotten by the public 1945, a second rise to fame, higher than the first 1949, Nobel Prize for Literature
2. Nobel Prize Winner(1949) As I Lay Dying（1930） For "his powerful and artistically

• 福克纳深受家庭传统和南方风土人情的影响。他 的作品中有南方人特有的幽默感，深入刻画黑人 与白人的地位、相处、矛盾等敏感问题，生动描 绘出惟妙惟肖的南方人形象。
• family traditions and Southern customs. Southerners unique sense of humor, his work depth characterization of the status, contradictions, and other sensitive issues, and vividly depicts a image of Southerners..
• 支配这个家族的是福克纳的曾祖父威廉·克拉 科·福克纳老上校。他既是种植园主，又是军人、 作家、政治家。
• Dominate the this family is the old Colonel Faulkner's great-grandfather William Krakow Faulkner. He is both a planter, soldier, writer, statesman.
• 福克纳笔下的剧情浸染着人物的复杂心理变化， 细腻的感情描写穿插其中。他作品最大的外在特 点是绵延婉转、结构极为繁复的长句子和反复斟 酌推敲后选取的精巧词汇。他一生多产，令很多 美国作家羡艳不已，不过也有很多人对其持批评 态度。他和风格简洁明了、干脆利落的海明威更 是两个极端。一般认为他是1930年代唯一一位真 正意义上的美国现代主义作家，与欧洲文学试验 者乔伊斯、伍尔芙、普鲁斯特等人遥相呼应，大 量运用意识流、多角度叙述和陈述中时间推移等 富有创新性的文学手法。
• 《野棕榈》（If I Forget Thee Jerusalem (The Wild Palms/Old Man)）（1939）

Pylon (1935) 《塔门》
The Unvanquished (1938) 《不败者》
Absalom, Absalom! (1936) 《押沙龙，押沙龙》
All the novels of William Faulkner
The Wild Palms （1939） 《野棕榈》
The Hamlet （1940） 《村子》
the bitter, racist third child who is troubled by monetary debt and sexual frustration. He works at a farming goods store owned by a man named Earl and becomes head of the household in 1912. Has been embezzling Miss Quentin's support payments for years.
Miss Quentin Compson
daughter of Caddy who goes to live with the Compsons under Jason IV's care when Herbert divorces Caddy. She is very wild and promiscuous, and eventually runs away from home.
Character analyze
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Jason Compson III
father of the Compson family, a lawyer who attended the University of the South: a nihilistic thinker and alcoholic, with cynical opinions that torment his son, Quentin.

onemostfamousimaginaryplacesbestknownworksfury1929喧嚣与骚动laydying1930我弥留之际sanctuary1931圣殿august1932八月之光absalomabsalomabsalomabsalom1936押沙龙
福克纳William Faulkner简介
1925, first novel published, Soldier’s Pay 《军饷》
1929, two novels: Sartoris, The Sound and the Fury 1929-1942, most productive: 2 short-story collections, a
l One of the most influential writers of the 20th century
l One of the leading American writers in the literary history of the United States.
l A representative of the writers using stream of consciousness.
volume of poetry, 11 novels Early 1940s, forgotten by the public 1945, a second rise to fame, higher than the first 1949, Nobel Prize for Literature
Major themes:
Here is “a tale/Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,/ Signifying nothing.”

Adulthood
In 1929-1942, a period of amazing literary output • The Sound and the Fury(1929)
《喧哗与骚动》 • As I Lay Dying(1930)
《我弥留之际》 • Sanctuary(1931)
《圣殿》 • Light in August(1932)
multiple points of view
showing within the same story different reactions to the same person or the same situation，giving the story a circular from rather than a linear structure.
(约克纳帕塔法郡）
Most of Faulkner’s works are set in Yoknapatawpha County, an imaginary place based on Faulkner’s childhood memory about the town of Oxford in his native Lafayette County.
• In 1925, he went to Eurpoe, his literary began in New orlends where he met Sherwood Anderson, who helped him get his first novel Soilderʼ
Pay (军饷）published in 1926.
However, it not merely an imaginary place, it could be considered as an allegory and a parable of the south.

Faulkner in Hollywood:1930s
In the university of Virginia campus
The End of His Life
• Faulkner died July 6th, 1962 after suffering from a coronary occlusion (心肌梗塞) • Up to his death he worked as a Writer-In-Residence at the University of Virginia in 1957. • The United States Postal Service issued a first-class 22-cent stamp commemorating his life and stint as a postmaster.
• 2 Deterioration(堕落） • 3 Conflicts between generations, classes, races, man and environment • 4 Horror, violence and the abnormal
Features of His Works
William Faulkner
Sept 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962
Childhood
• Born in New Albany, Mississippi in 1897. Moved to Oxford, Mississippi (prototype（原型） of Yoknapatawpha约克纳帕塔法郡, the setting of most of his works) at the age of 5. • He grew up as the eldest son of four brothers. • He hoped to aspire to be like his great-grandfather, a writer as well.

In his portrayal of the Snopes clan, an underprivileged family with few economic prospects, Faulkner examines the deep-rooted classism and systems that rigidly divided southern society along racial, economic, and familial lines. The Snopeses and their struggle symbolize the falling away of an old order, as the agrarian South slowly shifted to embrace a new era of industrialization and modernization.
William Faulkner
(1897-1962)
South Literature
(the literature of the American South) 1. Southern Character
A. Importance of tradition and family tie. B. A focus on a common Southern history. C. Religion(Christianity) and the
[non-linear narration]: he structured his story by fragmenting the chronological time, by juxtaposing the past with the present, a method similar with montage in a movie.

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(3) 1940~end: won recognition in America Go Down, Moses
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His major works
▪ a volume of poetry The Marble Faun (1924) ▪ first novel Soldiers' Pay (6) ▪ Sartoris (l929) In writing it, he began to see and feel the dignity and
▪ Southern literature: twisted, pessimistic, violent, distorted Gothic novel: Poe
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▪ born in New Albany, Mississippi and raised in nearby Oxford, and lived there almost all his life.
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His life and writing
Faulkner is the most powerful and eloquent representative of American Southern writers. American Southern writers mainly write about the history, customs, people and social change of the American South, a region that contains much beauty, violence, passion, courage and, finally tragedy. It was from the region's characteristics that Faulkner drew the material for most of his fiction.

贝尔文学奖。
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學渣和啃老
他的工作换了一个又一个，却永远找不到自己的安身立命之地
在家庭的影响下福克纳逐渐远离集体活动，甚至逃学
到了五年级时，他的成绩开始滑坡，尽管在同学之中还算不错。身材矮 小的福克纳与同学们不大合得来，六年级以后经常旷课，时不时往亲戚 家跑。
19岁的福克纳第二次参加了十一年级的升学考试，遭到失败。祖父为他 在银行谋得一份工作，但他并不专心
比如在“天刚亮，白昼来临，在那阴郁寂寞的间歇里充满了鸟儿 们宁静而暂时的活跃”之后紧接上一个比喻：“吸入的空气，有如 清泉”。
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福克纳诺贝尔奖致辞(William Faulkner: Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech
I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work --a life's work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before. So this award is only mine in trust. It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose and significance of its origin. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand where I am standing.

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Awards
1. One of three finalists for the
first Ellery Queen Mystery Magazine Award(1946). 2. Nobel Prize Winner(1949) 3. Pulitzer Winner twice: • A Fable(1955) • The Reivers(1963) 4. National Book Awards twice: • Collected Stories(1951) • A Fable(1955) 5. O. Henry Short Story Prize.
• regarded as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century
• one of the leading American writers in the literary history of the United States.
grandfather.
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As a Young Man
• 1914 the first world war. • dreamed of becoming a pilot in the
army however was declined because of his height. • He later became a member of the Royal Canadian Air Force, yet did not see any World War I wartime action.
William Faulkner
Sept 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962