雅思阅读难句过关说明：以下是几种语法结构当中比较常见的长难句。
资料来源是一些历年的真题的改编以及新东方的内部资料。
对于现在的阅读考试趋势，长难句并不是主要考点，因此课后复习时，无须过于关注此方面的练习，尤其是市面上有一些长难句分析的书，实在是没有购买的必要。
这份难句过关的目的，有两个：第一，如果以下的句子，你有30%以上的句子不能够一次性就看懂，那么意味着你需要加强高中语法的复习了。
第二，这些句子，一定要明白句子成分的构成，为什么一个句子老外会写成这个样子。
明白以后，把这些句子结构以及写句子的方法背下来。
考试的时候，可以充分应用到写作部分，以提高你的句子结构的多样性。
Warming-up test1 Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls”among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “wok well with the team.”2 Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment—although no one had proposed to do so—and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.3 Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, anelement in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of businessA 定语从句1 Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greatly intellectual development.2Thus, to rectify the positions taken previously, where we contended ourselves with condemnations, in my delegation’s opinion, we must find an over-all solution which would come to grips with both the substance as well as the superficial aspects which, after all, serve only to compel us to keep this problem constantly on the Security Council’s agendas.3We may define chemistry as the science in which we deal with the chemical change in matter as a result of which it is possible to form a new substance.4We can reads of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.( But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write.)5It is designed to make students study, which should be their immediate commission in life.6He finds that students, who were easy to teach, because they succeed inputting everything they had been taught into practice, hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic textbook.7But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.8When I’m having trouble with a story and think about giving up, or when I start to feel sorry for myself and think things should be easier for me, I roll a piece of paper into that cranky old machine and type, word by painful word, just the way mother did.9Certainly the humanist thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, who are our ideological ancestors, thought that the goal of life was the full unfolding of a person’s potentialities; what mattered to them was the person who is much, not the one who has much or uses much.10 If marriage exists only as an intimate relationship that can be terminated at will, and family exists only by virtue of bonds of affection, both marriage and family are relegated to the marketplace of trading places, with individuals maximizing their psychological capital by moving through a series of more or less satisfying intimate relationshipsB．分割结构1. No girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers, as the rhyme goes,” Change the name but not the letter, marry for worse instead of better.”2. The fact, let alone the current division between the 11 euro countries and the four, led by Britain, that have not joined, is likely to mean that the Union should become a multi-system entity, with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things.3. Observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade.4. “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”5. The atom bomb has merely brought home to us, harshly, as a matter of life and death, what has long been growing: our failure to face, our refusal to face, as individuals and as nations, the place of science in our world.6. A new trend in radio broadcasting that developed during the late 1960s was the “talk show”, featuring conversations between listeners and announcers or guests in the studio.7. Those who believe in capital punishment may have arguments for itsretention, but surely no reasonable argument can be found for retention of the sickening mumbo-jumbo that accompanies if from the moment that the judge dons the black cap with what kooks like a pen-wiper balanced on the top of his wig, to the reading of the burial service over the condemned man before he is dead.8. He played the piano like a composer, in the worst sense of what that implies, and he would sit down at the piano before parties that included some of the finest pianists of his time, and play for them, by the hour, his own music, needless to say.9. The teachers, for his part, frequently reduced to trying to explain the inexplicable, may take refuge in quoting proverbs to his colleagues such as: You can lead a horse to the water but you can’t make him drink”, or, more respectfully if less grammatically: It isn’t what you say. It is the way that you say it.10. If there is a characteristic that distinguisher the scientist from the others, it is perhaps his independence of mind which demands demonstrable evidence to enable him to form his own judgment, and his unwillingness to accept uncritically the views of authorities on matters within his specialty.C.省略1. If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose distance apart is exactly equal to the length of the needle, howoften can it be expected to fall on a line and how often into a blank space?2. It is quite unnerving not to be able to see or to establish contact with the other person, even though we have learnt to have conversations with people we cannot see, as on the telephone.3. Although cannot be seen, air possesses weight just as other gases.4. As family move away from their stable community, their friends of many tears, their extended family relationship, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.5. It is of interest to note that the US consumes more than one-half of the world’s supply of energy, the continent of Asia only 1/20.6. In their hearts, women think it is men’s business to earn money and theirs to spend it—if possible during their husband’s life, but, at any rate, after his death.7. Even now, when the continents have been mapped and their interiors made accessible by road, river and air, most of the world’s people live no more than 200 miles from the sea and relate closely t it.8. Fighting means killing, and civilized people ought to be able to find some way settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed many most has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right.9. One can perhaps get a clearer picture of Japan’s acute population pressure by imaging what Switzerland would be like if that small and mountainous country were inhabited by 28 million people instead of the 5.7 million as at present.10. In 1865 the Civil War, (also known as the “War between the States”) finally came to an end, but not before hundreds of thousands of men had died.D．并列平行结构1．Everyone should know where the nearest alarm boxes is located and where exists, fire escapes, and fire doors are.2. And neither friends nor family can convince phobic people that most animals are harmless, that thousands of travelers fly safely every day, and millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day.3. He believes, although perhaps he does not know he believes it, that the more extensive verifications are, that the more frequently experiments have been made and results of the same kind arrived at, that the more varied the conditions under which the same results have been attained, the more certain is the ultimate conclusion, and he disputes the question no further.4. Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line, andyou waited with beating heart for something to happen?5. Having revolved against Britain and the old world as a nation in the 18th century, Americans see a cultural and psychological value in people reliving those experiences in heir own lives by being willing to be independent, to decide for themselves what to do and where to go and why.6. The robot slave might operate with a computer stored in a cupboard under the stairs and the signals and information proceeding along a cable, which also carries the power from the mains, through the machine moving about the house.7. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-Beuve’s blindness to the real nature of great writing, found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments, and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.8. In most cases people go abroad for study in their special subject or to learn and get more practice in the language of that country and you can’t speak a foreign language really well without having lived in that country where it is spoken.9. They (gods) know that man dares not doubt, dares not question and dares not now reject them because to do so would be to throw him to a state of futility, helplessness, insecurity and despair even more stultifyingthan that faced by his most primitive ancestors.10. The time has long since arrived to recognize commercial representation as a profession person, the successful exercise of which is positively correlated with careful initial selection of commercial representatives, the level and content of their formal education and specialized training, the length and variety of their pertinent experience, and the quality of support they receive from the trade promotion or ministry at home.E．同位语1. The word radar, coined as a code name in World War Ⅱ, was derived from the phrase Radio Detection and Ranging.2. What a language guide does need is a thorough and practical knowledge of how the language works, a conscious knowledge that she or he can articulate in a way the ordinary native speaker cannot.3. It is a well-known fact that the English have an obsession with their weather and that I was to be a doctor, though the prospect interested me not at all.4. The fact that black students must matriculate(被录取入学) in an atmosphere that feels hostile arouses defensive reactions that interfere with intellectual performance.5. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people.6. However, there are signs that much more serious efforts may be mustered in the reasonably near future.7．Let his exterior conflict be the mirror of the protagonist’s own interior conflict, the clash of his desires, his own strength against his own weakness.8. Perhaps this is the ultimate role of science fiction: to act as an interpreter of science to humanity.9. I have turned my mind back to the ice age, and I have been worrying about the fact that you cannot have ice that is growing and melting at the same time.10. What both students and teachers are experiencing is the recognition that the more complex structures one encounters in a language are not vital to making oneself understood and so have a less immediate field of application.F.分词作状语1. The spate of shootings had appeared to be easing recently, however, with attacks mainly confined to tourists visiting the south of the country.2. Black, now 73 and living in relative poverty in a flat in Moscow, was responsible for the deaths of several British agents after he became a Russian spy, following his capture by North Koreans and conversion to communism.3. It also predicted that, if current patterns of cigarette of smokingcontinue unchanged, the global death toll from tobacco by the year 2025 may increase to eight million deaths per year.4. Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident.5. The question remained: how can such quakes occur, given that mantle rock at a depth of more than 50 kilometers is too ductile to store enough stress to fracture?6. Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what become accepted.7. Applied science, on the other hand, is directly concerned with the application of the working laws of pure science to the practical affaires of life, and to increasing man’s control over his environment, thus leading to the development of new techniques, processes and machines.8. Although I struggled and kicked for all I was worth, it was impossible to get away, for as fast as I pushed myself off I was irresistible dragged back, every instant expecting the wire to go, and , to find myself shot down into the bowels of the ship.9. Not daring to glance at them, I went out of the library, fearing that the woman would call me back for further questioning.10. Having met, as a society, the basic survival and security needs, people simply don’t need each other anymore to fight Indians or spin yarn orwash dishes or repair electrical plugs for that matter.G．否定句1. But even he was unable to discover how long the gorilla lives, or how or why it dies, nor was he able to define the exact social patterns of the family groups, or indicate the final extent of their intelligence.2. Until now the so-called law of the sea has not been seen as a very important issue.3. The expression is well known to many students of English, but is far too good not to be quoted here.4. Who knows but it will rain tomorrow?5. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.6. He had never touched anything in the library other than American novels.7. There is some true to the charge that I was less than whole-hearted.8. Certainly I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share.9. When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographers often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else.10. One can’t be too careful in making the decision as it was such acritical case.H．It的用法1. The assertion that it was difficult, if not impossible, for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic, social and cultural development was now scarcely contested.2. Unfortunately it is those places that are best avoided by all citizens that are now capturing the popular imagination, places that offer bomb-making instructions, pornography, advice on how to steal credit cards.3. It is amazing how easy it is to put a dent in these new cars.4. It is flattering to believe that their ideas are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read, and naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds, which have not the faculty of precise reflection.5. It was emphasized by the newspaper that it was very important to provide a clear reason for the nomination.6. It doesn’t matter that Bill is a success in his field, that in time he owns his own business and makes more money than his brother, who became a lawyer.7. If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems imperative, not only should that communications in transport beimproved, but also that communications between human beings should be kept smooth and polite.8. It follows from the above consideration that scientists, whether they like it or not, are becoming involved in government, and hence in politics itself, to a far greater extent than ever before.9. It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as a mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.10. It is only when one is in a position to oblige that one can afford to be so confidential.参考译文：A 定语从句1行为主义者的看法是，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中长大，而这些刺激物能够开发其相应的反应能力，那么这个儿童将会有更好的智力发展。
