出国考试：“新托福”将于2006年在华实施-出国考试

【关键字】英语外国语学院学生主要外语水平及职业资格证书考试汇总一、国外留学英语水平考试（5）1.TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language) 是由教育测验服务社（ETS）举办的英语能力考试，全名为“检定非英语为母语者的英语能力考试”，中文音译为“托福”。

新托福满分是120分。

TOEFL考试的有效期为两年，从考试日期开始计算。

2.IELTS（International English Language Testing System，中文名为国际英语语言尝试系统）是由英国文化协会（The British Council，即英国驻华大使馆/总领事馆文化教育处）、剑桥大学考试委员会（CESOL）和澳大利亚教育国际开发署（IDP Australia）共同举办的国际英语水平尝试。

此项考试是为申请赴英语国家（美国、、、、等）、的非英语国家学生而设，用来评定考生运用英语的能力。

GRE，全称Graduate Record Examination,中文名称为美国研究生入学考试，适用于除法律与商业外的各专业。

由美国教育考试服务处(Educational Testing Service，简称ETS)主办，GRE是美国、加拿大的大学各类研究生院（除管理类学院，法学院）要求申请者所必须具备的一个考试成绩，也是教授对申请者是否授予奖学金所依据的最重要的标准。

3.GMAT 是Graduate Management Admission Test的缩写，中文名称为经企管理。

GMAT的主办方GMAC(Graduate Management Admission Council，是总部位于美国的一个非营利性教育协会)，其成员包括世界各地许多知名的商学院，所以GMAT成绩获得全球各大商学院的普遍认可，是目前世界范围内申请攻读MBA时最被普遍要求申请者所提供的一个考试成绩。

它是一种标准化考试，目前已经被广泛地用做的入学考试，是当前最为可靠的尝试考生是否具备顺利完成工商管理硕士项目学习能力的考试项目，专门帮助各商学院或工商管理硕士项目评估申请人是否具备在工商管理方面继续深造学习的资格。

新托福考试内容_托福考试介绍2005年9月新托福考试将在全球范围内实施，它模拟北美校园的真实语言环境，将听、说、读、写四部分有机结合在一起，全面考查考生的语言技能和沟通能力。

新托福考试不仅仅是一项入学测试，它将重点测评考生的英语交流能力听力2个对话4个演讲它包含两个对话，每个对话涉及两个或两个以上的发言者，每个对话对应五个测试问题。

包含4段演讲(包括教室对话在内)，每段演讲对应6道试题听力部分共包括34道试题。

每道试题是1-2分，共34-36分。

听力部分的时间大约是40分钟。

每个对话是2-3分钟，每个演讲是4-6分钟。

考生可以边听磁带边做笔记帮助答题。

口语30秒准备60秒回答本部分共6道题，总时间约15分钟。

问题1和2题为独立回答。

准备时间15秒，答题时间45秒。

问题将被大声读出，并同时出现在屏幕上。

问题3和问题4基于考试中的阅读和听力材料。

要求考生回答相关问题。

通常一个问题是情景问题，一个是学术问题，阅读材料只包含一个自然段落。

听力材料可以是一段对话，也可以是一段演讲，长度大约一分半钟。

考生可以在听录音的过程中做笔记，帮助自己回答问题。

考生有30秒准备，60秒答题。

第五题和第六题是根据考试中的听力材料。

要求考生回答相关问题。

听力材料通常有一个情景问题和一个学术问题。

听力材料可以是一段对话，也可以是一段演讲，长度大约一分半钟。

考生可以在听录音的过程中做笔记，帮助自己回答问题。

考生有30秒准备，60秒答题。

每个回答的得分是0-4分，分数范围是0-25分。

考查综合语言技能的题目的评分以回答的质量、完整性和准确性为依据。

阅读3篇文章750个单词本节包括三篇文章，每篇650至750字，对应11至13道试题。

题目类型包括：图表题、篇章总结题(从给出的选项中选择能够概括文章内容的句子)、变换措辞、词汇题(在一定的上下文中)、指代关系题、简化句子题、插入文本题，事实信息题、推断题、修辞目的题、以及否定排除题(例如，下列各项均正确除……之外。

带你了解托福与雅思的区别为了让大家更好的了解托福和雅思，给大家整理了托福和雅思的区别,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

托福与雅思的区别从2006年8月起将实行托福考试，由于这一变化，托福、雅思之争再次激烈。

到底两者中哪个更适合自己?昨天，杭州新东方学校专职托福老师钟华超对这两大考试进行解读，并做特别提醒。

认可度美国：托福雅思都承认，3000多所大学中有近700所承认雅思成绩。

澳大利亚：大学承认托福成绩，但政府签证要求雅思成绩。

日本：两者都承认，但偏向承认托福。

韩国：两者都承认，但偏向承认雅思。

加拿大、英国、新西兰、新加坡等：两者都承认。

钟老师特别提醒：虽说美国有700多所大学表示认可雅思，但美国共有3000多所大学，雅思的认可范围在美国非常有限，尤其是较好的大学一般都要求有托福成绩;澳大利亚主要还是要求雅思成绩，一般不用托福申请。

考试方式新托福：新托福通过互联网与ETS总部组成局域网，为每个考生发出不同的考题，而且考题一次有效，不再会有题库。

网考通过电子方式记录答案后，将答案传输到人工评分网络，并予以客观、可靠的评分，从而确保考试的公平合理性。

雅思：目前官方并未公布采用“机考”的消息，中国考生所参加的雅思考试仍然是以笔试的方式进行，考试会有一定的题库，部分题目会在考试中重复出现，2006年雅思作文的评分标准将会更加细化。

特别提醒：新托福考试原则上考题不会重复;而雅思考试中仍然会有题库，考生可以通过一些“过来人”的考试经验，对考试背景作大致了解。

听力托福和雅思两大考试都分为听力、口语、阅读和写作四部分。

新托福：原来的短对话被取消，内容更加学术化，演讲篇幅大大加长。

雅思：会出现多个经典场景，对细节考核将更贴近国外生活要求。

此外，听力部分将出现一些新场景，比如商业场景、超市、纪念品点等信息。

题型也趋向多样化。

特别提醒：新托福听力部分的考查给予考生答题思考的时间要多于雅思，而且题型还是以选择题为主，与雅思的填空式作答相比，更符合中国学生的考试模式。

ETS公布新托福报名流程时间： 2006年03月08日 08:48 作者：国外部吴鹏来源：上海新东方学校上海新东方从网上得到最新信息，近日，ETS在其官方网站上公布了新托福考试的报名方式及流程。

目前ETS已经开通了三种新托福考试注册方式：网上在线报名，电话报名和邮寄报名三种报名方式。

第一种：网上在线报名。

有以下5个特点：一周7天24小时，随时都可以上网进行考试报名注册；不需要额外的手续费；注册后立即就能得到ETS的e-mail确认信息；需要美元信用卡进行在线支付；网上进行考试报名注册的最后期限是选定考试时间前的第7日，也就是说至少要提前7天去报名注册。

网址为https://。

第二种：电话报名注册方式。

它有如下5个特点：同样要求考生至少在考试前7天报名注册；同样需要美元信用卡，进行电话支付；需要从下载TOEFL iBT Registration Form表格，因为你将要求提供一些相关的重要信息；如果你居住在美国、加拿大地区需要拨的电话为1-800-468-6335，如果你没有居住在上述地区，又想要在美国参加新托福考试的话需要拨的电话为1-433-751-4862，如果你想要参加上述地区之外的考试，需要拨的电话为当地的注册中心的电话；电话注册后，你会被告知如下信息：注册号码（考试当天你必须带去考场的），参加考试的时间，参加考试的地点；成绩通知的时间。

第三种：邮寄报名注册方式。

首先从网上下载Registration Form（报名注册表格，此表格在Information and Registration Bulletin中也能找得到）；然后再填写完此表格；接着将此份表格直接寄往ETS或者是当地的考试注册中心，ETS考试中心的地址如下：TOEFL Services, Educational Testing Service, PO Box 6151, Princeton, NJ 08541-6151, USA，另外如果是有残疾的考生所需要寄送的地址有所变化，其为TOEFL Disability Services, Educational Testing Service, PO Box 6054, Princeton, NJ 08541-6054, USA；最后需要注意的两点是：考生填好的注册表应该在你选择的第一考试时间的至少前四周寄到相应考试注册地点，这种方式的注册只有残疾考生才被允许采用信用卡方式支付考试费用。

新托福与老托福的分数换算及评分标准iBT TOEFL (2006年新托福)新托福在2006年8月份正式推行.新托福网考将完全取代了以往旧托福的机考和笔试, 由以往的300-677改为满分120分. 新托福考试（网考）满分为120分，4部分各占30分。

新托福的独特之处是：听说读写四部分有机结合考试内容基于真实的语言环境考试在官方考试中心的网络内以互联网的形式进行.新托福（网考）中，听说读写这四种语言技能将用同样的分数范围来体现，新托福（网考）还将提供一个总分来体现考生的英语综合水平。

评分标准听力形式“四大不同”从形式上看，旧托福的听力部分采用传统纸笔形式答题（PBT: paper-and-pencil based test），而且“只闻其声，不见其像”；同时全程采用单项客观选择题型（四选一），学生可以提前扫描和预读选项，从而变被动为主动，唯一不足是听力过程中不可以做笔记帮助记忆。

新托福则大不同。

主要体现在以下四个方面：1）答题方式大不同。

新托福告别纸笔形式，采用基于国际互联网的计算机化考试（iBT: Internet-based test）。

保证每个考生拥有个人化应试环境，每人一个小隔间，一台电脑和一副耳机，不受外在因素干扰，并会通过互联网实现题目和答案的双向传输，而且考生可以在听力中做笔记，帮助记忆细节。

2）答题界面大不同。

新托福改变旧托福一味强迫考生纯粹用耳朵接受信息，用眼睛扫描选项的抽象界面，代之以大量相关图片配合声音资料，活化题目场景，加强考生的理解程度。

3）答题程序大不同。

新托福由于采取计算机化考试形式，听完整篇文章之前是无法预读和扫描任何问题或选项的，只能按部就班通过先听、后读、再选的程序答题。

4）考察题型大不同。

新托福除单选题以外，加入双选题、图表题、是非题、排序题等其它5种新型的答题方式，以加大对主观题的考察。

它们是：A. Click on Two Answers: For this type of question, you will click on two answers. And you will click on boxes instead of oval；B. Listen Again to Part of the Text: For this type of question, you will hear part of the audio again；C. Click on a Picture: For this type of question, you will click on a picture or part of a picture；D. Drag Answer Choices: For this type of question, you will use the mouse to drag text to complete a list, table, or summary；E. Click on a Table: For this type of question, you will click on boxes in a table。

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题及参考答案完整版Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A] [B] [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. __1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly __2__. To help homeless people__3__ independence the federal government must support job training programs __4__ the minimum wage and fund more low-cost housing.__5__ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __6__ anywhere from 600000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__. One of the federal governmen t’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.__11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night a good number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others __14__ not addicted or mentally ill simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowsk director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts __19__ it “There has to be __20__ of programs. What we need is a package deal.”1.[A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore2.[A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain3.[A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward4.[A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep5.[A] generally [B] almost [C] hardly [D] not6.[A] cover [B] change [C] range [D] differ7.[A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that8.[A] inflating [B] expanding [C] increasing [D] extending9.[A] predicts [B] displays [C] proves [D] discovers10.[A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss11.[A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only12.[A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house13.[A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D] wandering14.[A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas15.[A] life [B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance16.[A] around [B] over [C] on [D] up17.[A] complex [B] comprehensive [C] complementary [D] compensating18.[A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus19.[A] puts [B] interprets [C] assumes [D] makes20.[A] supervision [B] manipulation [C] regulation [D] coordinationSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A] [B] [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democ ratizing uniformity of dress and discourse and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite” these were stores “anyone could enter regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media advertising and sports a re other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neit her at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890 9.2 for every 1000. Now consider three indices of assimilation -- language home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the descxxxxription of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2 Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22.According to the author the department stores of the 19th century ________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author’s opinion the absorption of immigrants into American society is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon as we all know has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come not to see the plays but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare who earns their living was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers the RSC contends who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars the Lear Lounge the Banquo Banqueting Room and so forth and will be very expensive.Anyway the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1431 seats were 94 percent oc cupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason of course is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most at tractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean pointed dedicated faces wearing jeans and sandals eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3 Paragraph 4) the author implies that________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large slow-growing animals were easy game and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days too longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore in the early days of longline fishing a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baxxxxseline which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists that of the “shifting baxxxxseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. W orm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33.By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1 paragraph 3) Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baxxxxseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baxxxxseline to the changing situation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ ________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art like painting and music are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless phony or worst of all b oring as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason in fact may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all what is the one modern form of exxxxxpression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media and with it a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted lived with few protections and died young. In the West before mass communication and literacy the most powerful mass medium was the church which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial and forever happy. Fast-food eaters news anchors text messengers all smiling smiling smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today surrounded by promises of easy happiness we need art to tell us as religion once did Memento mori: remember that you will die that everything ends and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette yet somehow a breath of fresh air.36.By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire the author intends to show that________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37.The word “bummer” (Line 5 paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38.In the author’s opinion advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40.Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deathsPart BDirections:In the following article some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45 choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville Ind. home of David Williams 52 and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino Williams a state auditor earning $35000 a year lost approximately $175000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him as a good customer a "Fun Card" which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time all night until the boat docked at 5 a.m.then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Menta l Health. Nevertheless Williams’s suit charges that the casino knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science or what claims to be science society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries 29 have casinos and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995 competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A]Although no such evidence was presented the casino’s marketing department continued to pepp er him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?[C]By the time he had lost $5000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even he would quit. One night he won $5500 but he did not quit.[D]Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E]David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F]It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems often defining as addictions what earlier sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G]The anonymous lonely undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they not America who have become anti-intellectual. First the obxxxxject of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46）I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously articulately and frankly first by asking factual questions then by asking moral questions finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47)）His function is analogous to that of a judge who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist for one. 48）I have excluded him because while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments manufacture evidence or doctor his reports. 49）But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This descxxxxription even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing living in "public and illustrious thoughts” as Emerson would say is something else.Section IIIWritingPart A51.DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上;图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。

iBT中国大陆06、07年口语考试内容06.9.151.Choose one of your favorite methods to relax and explain why it is your favorite. Please include specific details in your explanation.2.Some college students prefer to attend classes regularly because they believe that only in the class atmosphere can they focus on the reading. Others, however, believe that the best reading can only be done outside the classroom. Which reading method do you think is better and why?3.Reading passage:Student Health Center CancellationThe university has decided to cancel the student health center on campus. The reason is that a new hospital has been opened recently in the local community. Because the new hospital is very close to the campus end most students can have convenient access to it, and also because the new hospital comes with a lot of first-class medical equipment, which the student health center lacks, the student health center‟s existence is not justified anymore. Also, the money saved by canceling the student health center will be used to amplify the library storage.The woman expresses her opinion of the school‟s cancellation of the student health center. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion. 4.Reading passage:False ConsensusSocial-psychologists point out that many people, when acting among others, tend to believe that their thought represents the ideas of the majority in the population, or at least, they feel at ease because their opinions don‟ t contradict those of the mainstream. Ironically, revealed by recent studies, this feeling of “consensus” is not true.On the contrary, though many people comfortably assume that their opinion is as common as every others‟ will be, their points sometimes can differ greatly or evenoppose each other. This attention-grabbing social-psychological discovery is called “False Consensus”.The professor takes an example to demonstrate “False Consensus”. Explain how this example is related to the reading passage.5.The man discusses two possible solutions to the woman‟s problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.6.Now listen to part of a biology lecture.Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain how a newly-brought-in plant can be harmful to the local system.06.10.81.Everyone has to leave home sometimes. What do you miss the most when you are away from home? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation, 2.Some students prefer the internet-based teaching. Others prefer to study in traditional classrooms. Which method of studying do you prefer and why?3.Reading passage:Adding Evening ClassesThe school computer lab has planned to add a few evening classes to its opening schedule. Usually, the computer lab only opens from 9am to 5pm on weekdays. Nevertheless, because of the rapid increase of student numbers in recent years and the limited seats of the computer lab, it has become progressively difficult to meet each student‟s requirements. Therefore, in order to be able to serve the students better, the administrators have decided to add evening classes in the computer lab from 6pm to 9pm, Monday to Friday.The man expresses his opinion of the university‟s plan. Stale his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.4.Reading passage;Nonverbal LanguagesNonverbal languages refer to human emotional expressions without involving verbal statements. Facial expressions and body movements are the two mostly attributed types of nonverbal languages.It is generally believed that nonverbal languages function as the enhancement of emotional expressions when they consist with verbal languages. However, under the circumstances that nonverbal languages and verbal languages contradict in thecontents they express, nonverbal languages are more likely to release peoples‟ true emotions.The professor takes two examples to illustrate the theory of “Nonverbal Languages”. Explain how the examples are related to the reading passage.5.The woman discusses two possible solutions to the man‟s problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.6.Now listen to part of an art lecture.Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain how the examples of colors and textures demonstrate the effects of visual elements on viewers.06.10.151.Everyone has a goal to fulfill. What‟s your goal and explain why you want to fulfill this goal. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.2.Some students tend to study in a large class. Others study in small classes. Which method of studying do you think is better for students and why?3.Reading passage:A Change of the OrientationThe university has decided to make a change to the first-year student orientation program. Usually, all first-year students are highly recommended to take the two-day hiking trip orientation as part of the school tradition. However, the school authorities have made the decision of replacing the two-day hiking trip with a new orientation consisting of only one-day hiking or a one-day game. Either of them is available to first-year students, depending on each individual‟s choice. By composing this major adjustment, the school is reasoning that freshmen students may be more willing to welcome a short orientation and also the new orientation is easier for students to make their individual choice.The man expresses his opinion of the university‟s plan. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.4.Reading passage:Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of responsibility is a social-psychological phenomenon which tends to occur in groups of people above a certain critical size when responsibility is not explicitly assigned.Normally, people would feel responsible for lending hands to others in emergency. However, sometimes, they may also fail to respond to obvious urgent situations, when their responsibility is not clearly assigned and they have reasons to believe that some other people will certainly help out. This is called diffusion of responsibility.The professor takes two examples to illustrate the phenomenon of “Diffusion of Responsibility”. Explain how this example is related to the reading passage.5.The woman discusses two possible solutions to the man‟s problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.6.Now listen to part of a biology lecture.Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain how the example of thunder-birds and drought demonstrates the effect of climate changes on animal.06.10.211.What kind of qualities should a good leader possess? Please state your opinion and give specific details and examples in your explanation.2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Please explain your opinion. People should always tell the truth.3.Reading passage:Close of the Art GalleryThe university is going to close the art gallery and redecorate it into an office building. This decision is based on the following rationale: firstly, the school has noticed that the art gallery is taken advantage of by art majors for display only occasionally. More often, ii remains empty. Secondly, even during the period of exhibition, few students pay a visit to the gallery.The man expresses his opinion of the university‟s plan. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.4.Reading passage:Self-fulfilling PropheciesThe self-fulfilling prophecy is a psychological phenomenon whereby a person believes something to be true, acts on that belief and by his actions causes the beliefto become true eventually.Normally, people all live under certain expectations from others. Once an individual accepts the social expectations toward him as true and realistic, he will first take these social beliefs and then formulate them into his own confidence. After that, he starts to respond to his beliefs by taking practical actions. Finally, the social expectations on the individual become true, as a result of his continual efforts.The professor takes an example to illustrate the phenomenon of “Self-fulfilling Prophecies”. Explain how this example is related to the reading passage.5.The woman discusses two possible solutions to the man‟s problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explainwhy.6.Now listen to part of an economy lecture.Please State the major points in the lecture. Explain how the example of bread in the 18th century challenges the traditional theory of the relationship between price and demand.06.10.221.Who is the person you admire the most? Please give specific details and examples in your explanation.2.Some people believe that higher education is for all students. Other people believe that higher education is only suitable for certain students. Which opinion do you think is better and why?3.Reading passageBuilding an Internet Question WebsiteThe university health center has become overcrowded recently. Actually, Southern University, the university located in another state, faced a similar situation a few years ago. However, what they did was to establish an internet question website, which provided answers to simple health questions from students. Since many simple health problems had been solved successfully through the internet, students visiting the school health center soon found out that they didn‟t‟ t have to wait in long lines like before. Thus, the fund raised up by our university to build a new health center could instead be used to establish an internet question website.The woman expresses her opinion of the student‟s proposal about how to utilize the health fund. State her onion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.4.Reading passage:Bridge ShiftingBridge shifting is a movie-making technique which helps movie makers to switch between different scenes. Applicators of this skill intentionally skip certain time slots orspatial distances to shorten the overall film length.Despite the omitting of quite a few pictures, the director‟s train of thought would still be clear and comprehensible to movie viewers. This is because the scenes left outfrom the film could be accordingly compensated by the viewers‟ daily experiences, if proper guidance is offered.The professor takes two examples to illustrate the movie-making skill of “Bridge Shifting”. Explain how the examples are related to the reading passage.5.The man discusses two possible solutions to the woman‟s problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.6.Now listen to part of a science lecture.Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain how the examples of the universal remote controller and cell phones demonstrate the effect of modern technologies on people‟s daily lives.06.10.281.Usually, novels, magazines and poetry are considered the three major forms of literature. Which one do you prefer and explain why you prefer this literature form. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.2.Some students tend to live alone, while others may want to share their rooms with their 2 roommates. Which way of living do you think is better for students and why?3.Reading passage:Apartments off CampusThe university has planned to build off-campus apartments in local communities. The decision is based on the following considerations; firstly, apartments off campus help to save limited campus areas and therefore leave more space for student activities. Secondly, students dwelling off campus usually have better chances to increase their daily communication with local communities, which is essential for their social experience and future job hunting.The woman expresses her opinion of the university‟s plan. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.4.Reading passage:Actor ObservationActor observation is a psychological description of the fact that people tend to give different attributors toward the same conduct, when they themselves play roles in the action and when they do not.Normally, people would attribute others‟ misbehaviors to inner factors, such as personality defects. Whereas, when the same misdeeds are theirs to blame for, they are more likely to attribute them to external factors, such as environmental pressuresOut of control.The professor takes an example to illustrate the phenomenon of “Actor Observation”. Explain how this example is related to the reading passage.5.The man provides two possible solutions to the woman‟s problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the Iwo solutions you prefer and explain why.6.Now listen to part of a lecture.Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain how the examples ofproud-feeling expression and clay-car-making illustrate the effects of arts on child development.06.10.291.Choose an object you like and explain why it is of special value to you. Please include specific details in your explanation.2.Some people tend to judge a person on the basis of first observation. Some people believe it takes a long time to know a person well. Which approach to knowing people do you think is better and why?3.Reading passage:A New Art BuildingThe university has decided to construct a new art building to help advance the office and teaching facilities of the arts department. This is because the school administrators are reasoning that the current art building was designed half a century ago and it no longer meets today‟s requirement. In addition, since the neighboring universities all have developed their new art buildings one or two years ago, the school authorities believe it may also help to attract upcoming arts students as soon as the new construction is accomplished.The woman expresses her opinion of the university‟s plan. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.4.Reading passage:Quoting Out of ContextNormally, advertisers attract peoples‟ attention by honestly introducing the properties and advantages of their products, such as revealing the high performance or particular functions of a certain machine.However, sometimes advertisers may also desire less honest techniques in drawing peoples‟ interest. One of these dishonest promotion skills is called “quoting out of context”, which is to say: quoting only a few words from famous reviewers‟ remarks in order to misguide the listeners. Having been cut off from their former contexts, quotations normally distort the original meanings of what the reviewers intended toexpress.The professor takes an example to illustrate the phenomenon of “Quoting out of Context”. Explain how this example is related to the reading passage.5.The woman discusses two possible solutions to the man‟s problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.6.Now listen to part of a science and technology lecture.Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain the two ways in which discoveries and inventions are made in human history.06.11.031.Which is your favorite type of movie: action, drama or others? Please include specific details and examples in your explanation.2.Some universities provide physical education. Others believe that physical education is not necessary. What do you think and why‟?3.Reading passage:Postponement of the ElectionThe university has determined to postpone the student union election. Normally, the election of the student union is carried out every May as part of the school tradition. However, the coming election of this year will be held on September instead, because the school authorities have noticed that many students become fully involved with their finals and graduations on May. Therefore, rearranging the election to September could encourage more students to vote. Furthermore, since many new students are expected to be coming by September, they will also be given the chance to vote for their favorite candidates.The man expresses his opinion towards the university‟s plan. State his opinion and ex plain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.4.Reading passage:Buyer’s RemorseBuyer‟s remorse refers to an interesting phenomenon mostly observed in customer services. This feeling generally comes out after the buying decision has been made, or even after the purchase is technically done. When it happens, the consumer suddenly feels regretful about the transaction for no apparent reasons.Therefore, several techniques have been accordingly developed in customer services to handle buyer‟s remorse. For example, the salesperson may visit, or call the customers after sales to make sure they still want the purchase.The professor takes his own example to illustrate the phenomenon of “Buyer‟s Remorse”. Explain how this example is related to the reading passage.5.The man discusses two possible solutions to the woman‟s problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.6.Now listen to part of a business lecture.Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain how the predictive method and the descriptive method are used to help enterprises manage their customer information.06.11.171.Describe a public area that you visit frequently. Please state why you visit it frequently and include specific examples and details in your explanation.2.Some students prefer to choose universities located in big cities. Others would like to study in universities located in small towns. Please state your opinion and explain why.3.Reading passage:New Policies of the Computer LabThe university computer lab is currently under a new reformation, A few new policies will be added to its regulations to ensure the computer lab provides its best quality service to students. Firstly, not all students are qualified to apply for the job as a computer lab assistant, according to the new policy. Instead, only students who have successfully finished the introduction courses or have relevant working experiences can apply for this job. Secondly, no technicians will be hired as technical supervisors in the computer lab anymore.The woman expresses her opinion of the university‟s plan. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.4.Reading passage:Substitution ActingSubstitution acting is a method of acting, which is widely applied by experienced actors and actresses. There are three steps in applying this acting method:1. Applicators of this method have to define the type of emotions required, such as joy or sorrow, based on the particular role they play.2. Then, applicators must search the data base of their daily experiences for scenes that have provoked themselves that similar emotion in them.3.Finally, applicators would imagine they were in the same scene again when acting,in order to smooth the expression of that specific emotion.The actor takes two examples to illustrate the skill of “Substitution Acting”. Explain how her examples are related to the reading passage.5.The woman discusses two possible solutions to the man s problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.6.Now listen to part of a modern poetry lecture.Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain how the examples of Alan Poe and the skill of word combination are used to illustrate the effects of accidents on poem writing.06.11.181.If you get a chance to choose a job, what will you do? What‟s your reason for choosing this job‟ Please include specific examples and details in your explanation. 2.If you unexpectedly receive a large amount of money, what will you do with it? Would you spend it for practical purposes or simply for fun? State your opinion and explain your reasons.3.Reading passage:Proposed Improvement to the School Health CenterThe school health center has become very crowded in recent years. Many students visiting the health center find out that they have to wait in long lines before receiving medical treatments. In addition, they also notice that most doctors working in the health center are already overworked.Therefore, some changes should be made to improve the quality of the service of the health center. Firstly, the number of doctors working in the health center should be increased so that more students could be helped at the same moment. Secondly, the health center should be open during the weekends so that fewer students will come to see doctors from Monday to Friday.The man expresses his opinion towards the student‟s suggestion. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.4. Missing the relevant questions5.The woman discusses two possible solutions to the man‟s problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.Now listen to part of a psychology lecture.6.Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain how the example of the job interview illustrates the difference between introverted and extroverted people.06.11.191.What is the best way for students to relax after working hard? Please state your opinion and explain why. Use specific examples and details in your explanation.2.Some students prefer to get up early and sleep early. Some others prefer to get up late and sleep late. Which lifestyle do you think is better for students and why?3.Reading passage:NoticeThe library is going to make a few renovations based on the students‟ feedbacks. Firstly, the old, dirty carpet inside the library will be replaced by wooden floors. This is because wooden floors are relatively easy for cleaning and maintenance compared with carpets. Secondly, a few art works and paintings will be added to the entrance of the library as part of the improved interior decoration. Thirdly, many other outdated devices will be renewed to meet the students‟ requirements.The man expresses his opinion of the library‟s plan. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.4.Reading passage:AllergiesAllergies are exaggerated body reactions to certain substances, situations or physical states. They are expressed as sneezing, itching, or skin rashes.As a rule, the immune system of our bodies reacts to outside intruders by showing the above alarming signals to draw people‟ s attention. However, under certain circumstances, when the immune system mistakenly rings alarms to harmless stimulisuch as pollen and dusts, allergies happen.The professor takes one example to illustrate the phenomenon of “Allergies”. Explain how this example is related to the reading passage.5.The man discusses two possible solutions to the woman‟s problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.6.Now listen to part of a lecture.Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain how the example demonstrates the difference between generalized reciprocity and balanced reciprocity. Please explain the definition of the two types of reciprocity first.06.11.211.Describe an enjoyable event in your childhood. Why do you think it was enjoyable? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.2.The best way to know a city is to visit its landmarks and historic sites. Do you agree or disagree with the above statement? Please state your opinion and reasons. Use specific details and examples in your statement.3.Reading passage:New Parking PolicyThe school administrators have decided to allow only students living off-campus to use the school parking lots. This is because many students living off-campus complain to the parking administration that they have to drive to school every day but they often cannot find enough parking spaces in the school parking lots, Therefore, students living on-campus are strongly recommended to find other transportation than driving private vehicles.The man expresses his opinion of the university‟s plan. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.4.Reading passage:Tow Principles That Power Your Speeches1) People tend to trust professionals mote than nonprofessionals. Therefore, in order to earn the audience‟s trust, the speaker would better deliver a speech within his own profession. The deeper the lecturer understands what he is to talk about, the easier he is going to be the locus in the meeting.2) The lecturer should also keep eye contact with his audience as often as possible. This is because audiences wouldn‟t easily give their trust to a speech deliverer, until they believe they have received plenty of personal attention from him. So, keeping frequent eye contact helps to impress the audience with your honesty.The professor takes one example to illustrate the two principles in delivering a good speech. Explain how this example is related to the reading passage.5.The man discusses two possible solutions to the woman‟s problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.6.Missing relevant questions06.12.031.Describe a social activity which is of special value for you. Please explain why it is of special value for you and include specific examples and details in your explanation.2.When communicating with your friends and families, you can rely on letters, e-mail or telephone calls. Which method of communicating do you think is better and why?3.Reading passage:Restrictions on Sport ActivitiesSouthern University has come to a decision that students are no longer permitted to play soccer on the empty lawn in front of the school gate. Instead, students can lodge an application to the administration department if they want to play soccer in the school court. This restricting policy is based on the following considerations: firstly, playing soccer in front of the school gate may seriously lower the impression of visitors towards Southern University; because Southern University has long established its reputation as a very formal and academic institution. Secondly, soccer players usually litter after a game.The woman expresses her opinion towards the university‟s restrictions, State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.4.Reading passage:Words FramingWords framing is the way that words are paraphrased with a different sequence and emphasis. In other words, words framing is to repeat the same statement from a new perspective.Studies have proven that people are influenced not only by the contents of the words, but also by the way in which the words are phrased.The professor takes two examples to illustrate “words framing”. Explain how the examples are related to the reading passage5.The woman discusses two possible solutions to the man‟s problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.6.Now listen to part of a lecture about education.Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain how the example of Mr. Robert illustrates the two characters of good teachers.。

出国英语考试的种类有哪些
出国留学的申请少不了语言考试成绩，同样的，英语考试的类型不
止一个，那幺出国英语考试的种类有哪些呢?下面是小编整理的出国英语考试的种类有哪些，具体内容如下。

出国英语考试的种类有哪些——托福(TOEFL)考试 由美国教育考
试服务处举办的，为申请去美国或加拿大等国家上大学或入研究生院学习的、非英语国家学生提供的英语考试。

美国和加拿大已有超过2400所大学和学院承认这项英语考试成绩。

2006年5月，新托福网考在中国面世。

新托福是基
于网络的英语全面能力测试，整个考试过程都在计算机上完成。

新托福考试
从考试结构上来讲，分听、说、读、写四个部分。

出国英语考试的种类有哪些——雅思(IELTS)考试 与托福考试一样，IELTS也是一种国际英语考试，由剑桥大学测试中心、英国文化委员会和澳
大利亚国际开发署共同管理。

雅思考试分为两种模式：学术类考试，用于测
试应试者的英语水平能否在英语环境中就读大学本科和研究生课程;普通培训类考试，则侧重评估应试者是否已具备在英语国家生存所需的基本英语技能。

目前，在欧洲和北美，越来越多的院校开始接受雅思英语考试成绩，英国、
澳大利亚、新西兰等国的移民局也将雅思考试成绩作为技术移民及其他类移
民中衡量英语语言能力的标准。

出国英语考试的种类有哪些——GRE 考试全名：GRE(Graduate Record Examination)组织机构：美国教育考试服务中心适用国家:除了美国、加拿大等大部分国家的高等院校外，英国、法国、德国、新加坡以及香港一
些学校都承认GRE成绩。

研究生一般都会要求GRE成绩合格。

考试作用：。