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如何促进中华文化走向世界交流英语作文In today's interconnected world, the exchange ofcultures has become increasingly important. Chinese culture, rich in history and tradition, offers a unique perspectiveto the global cultural dialogue. Promoting the exchange of Chinese culture with the world not only enhances understanding and respect among nations but alsocontributes to the global cultural diversity and progress.To facilitate the worldwide exchange of Chinese culture, several key strategies can be employed. Firstly,educational institutions should incorporate Chinese culture and language into their curricula. This will enablestudents from diverse backgrounds to learn about Chinese history, philosophy, art, and other aspects of the culture. By doing so, they can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of Chinese culture, which in turn fosters cultural exchange and mutual respect.Secondly, cultural events and exhibitions should be organized regularly to showcase the beauty and depth of Chinese culture. These events can take place in museums, galleries, and other public spaces, attracting a wide rangeof visitors. By experiencing Chinese art, music, dance, and other forms of cultural expression, people from different cultures can gain a more comprehensive understanding of Chinese culture and its values.Moreover, technology can play a pivotal role in promoting the exchange of Chinese culture. The internet and social media platforms provide a powerful medium for sharing Chinese culture with the world. By creating online platforms dedicated to Chinese culture, such as websites, blogs, and social media accounts, people can easily access and engage with Chinese culture. This not only increases awareness but also encourages people to explore and appreciate Chinese culture in their own time and space.Additionally, cultural exchange programs between China and other countries should be encouraged. These programs can include student exchanges, artist residencies, and cultural tours. Through these programs, people from different cultures can directly interact and learn from each other, fostering mutual understanding and respect.Finally, it is crucial to involve the private sector, including businesses and non-profit organizations, inpromoting the exchange of Chinese culture. These organizations can sponsor cultural events, fund cultural projects, and create platforms for cultural exchange. Their involvement not only provides financial support but also brings a wider audience and greater visibility to Chinese culture.In conclusion, promoting the exchange of Chineseculture with the world is essential for enhancing understanding and respect among nations. By incorporating Chinese culture into education, organizing cultural events and exhibitions, leveraging technology, encouragingcultural exchange programs, and involving the private sector, we can effectively share the beauty and depth of Chinese culture with the world. This, in turn, will contribute to the global cultural diversity and progress, fostering a more inclusive and harmonious world.**中华文化走向世界交流之我见**在当今这个相互联系的世界，文化交流变得越来越重要。
跨文化沟通与管理名词解释：1.emotional culture: A culture in which emotions are expressed openly andnaturally.2.diffuse(分散的)culture: A culture in which public space and private space aresimilar in size and individuals guard their public space carefully, because entry into public space affords entry into private space as well.3.ascription(归属)culture: A culture in which status is attributed based on who orwhat a person is.4.GLOBE(Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness):Amulti-country study and evaluation of cultural attributes and leadership behaviors among more than 17,000 managers from 825 organizations in 62 countries.5.polycentric(多中心的）predisposition（倾向）: A philosophy(原理) of managementwhereby(借以) strategic decisions are tailored to suit the cultures of the countries where the MNC operates.6.regiocentric predisposition: A philosophy of management whereby the firm tries toblend(混合) its own interests with those of its subsidiaries(附属物) on a regional basis.7.globalization imperative: A belief that one worldwide approach to doing businessis the key to both efficiency and effectiveness.8.family culture: A culture that is characterized(以……为特征) by a strong emphasison hierarchy(等级制度) and orientation(方位、定位) to the person.9.Eiffel Tower culture: A culture that is characterized by a strong emphasis onhierarchy and orientation to the task.10.token(象征性的) group: A group in which all members but one have the samebackground, such as a group of Japanese retailers(零售商) and a British attorney.(律师)11.groupthink(集体考虑): Social conformity and pressures on individual members of agroup to conform and reach consensus.(共识)12.upward communication: The transfer of meaning from subordinate(下级)tosuperior.(上级)13.personal distance: In communicating, the physical distance used for talking withfamily and close friends.14.polychronic time schedule: A time schedule in which people tend to do severalthings at the same time and place higher value on personal involvement than on getting things done on time.15.negotiation(协商、谈判): Bargaining with one or more parties for the purpose ofarriving at a solution acceptable to all.简答题：一、Hofstede’s Culture Dimensions:Hofstede’s massive study continues to be a focal point for additional research. The four now-well-known dimensions that Hofstede examined were (1) power distance,(2)uncertainty avoidance, (3) individualism, and (4) masculinity.(1)Power distance is “the extant to which less powerful members of institutions andorganizations accept that power is distributed unequally.”(2)Uncertainty avoidance is “the extant to which people feel threatened byambiguous situations, and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these.”(3)Individualism is the tendency of people to look after themselves and theirimmediate family only.”(4)Masculinity is defined by Hofstede as “ a situation in which the dominant valuesin society are success, money, and things.”二、Trompenaars’s Culture Dimensions:Trompenaars derived five relationship orientations that address the ways in which people deal with each other.(1)Universalism vs. Particularism: Universalism is the belief that ideas and practicscan be applied everywhere without modification. Particularism is the belief that circumstances dictate how ideas and practices should be applied and something cannot be done the same everywhere.(2)Individualism vs. Communitarianism: Individualism refers to people regardingthemselves as individuals, while communitarianism refers to people regarding themselves as part of a group.(3)Neutral vs. Emotional: A neutral culture is one in which emotions are held incheck. An emotional culture is one in which emotions are openly and naturally expressed.(4)Specific vs. Diffuse: A specific culture is one in which individuals have a largepublic space they readily let others enter and share and a small private space they guard closely and share with only close friends and associates. A diffuse culture is one in which public space and private space are similar in size and individuals guard their public space carefully, because enty into public space affords entry into private space as well.(5)Achievement vs. Ascription: An achievement culture is one in which people areaccorded status based on how well they perform their functions. An ascription culture is one in which status is attributed based on who or what a person is.三、文化的洋葱理论Schein divides organizational culture into three levels:1. Artifacts. These "artifacts" are at the surface, those aspects (such as dress) which can be easily discerned, but are hard to understand.2. Espoused V alues. Beneath artifacts are "espoused values" which are conscious strategies, goals and philosophies.3. Basic Assumptions and V alues. The core, or essence, of culture is represented by the basic underlying assumptions and values, which are difficult to discern beca use they exist at a largely unconscious level. Y et they provide the key to understanding why things happen in a particular way. These basic assumptions form around deeper dimensions of human existence such as the nature of humans, human relationships and activity, reality and truth.。
介绍博物馆的英语小报 The museum is a place where people can immerse themselves in history, art, and culture. 博物馆是一个人们可以沉浸在历史、艺术和文化中的地方。 It is a space where visitors can learn about different time periods, explore various exhibitions, and broaden their knowledge. 这是一个让游客可以了解不同时期、探索各种展览并拓宽知识面的空间。
One of the most captivating aspects of a museum is the opportunity to view ancient artifacts and treasures up close. 博物馆最令人着迷的一点是有机会近距离观看古代文物和珍宝。 These objects provide a tangible connection to the past, allowing individuals to appreciate the craftsmanship and history behind each piece. 这些物品提供了一种与过去的实际联系，使个人能够欣赏每件物品背后的工艺和历史。
Moreover, museums often house temporary exhibitions that showcase a diverse range of topics and themes. 此外，博物馆通常举办临时展览，展示各种不同的主题和主题。 These special displays can focus on anything from ancient civilizations to modern art movements, offering visitors a chance to delve deeper into specific areas of interest. 这些特别展览可以专注于从古代文明到现代艺术运动的各种主题，为游客提供了深入探讨特定兴趣领域的机会。
文化冲击话题英语作文英文回答：Culture shock is a common experience for people who travel or move to a new country. It occurs when individuals are suddenly confronted with a culture that is different from their own, and they may feel disoriented, anxious, or even frustrated as they try to navigate the new cultural norms and expectations. I have personally experienced culture shock when I moved to China for a year to study abroad.One of the biggest culture shocks for me was the concept of "saving face" in Chinese culture. In the West, it is often encouraged to express our thoughts and feelings openly, even if it means disagreeing with others. However, in Chinese culture, it is important to maintain harmony and avoid causing embarrassment or shame to others. I remember a time when I made a suggestion in a group setting, and instead of receiving feedback or discussion, everyonesimply nodded and smiled. It took me a while to realizethat my suggestion was not well-received, but no one wanted to openly disagree with me to avoid causing conflict.Another aspect of culture shock for me was the dining etiquette. In China, it is common to share dishes and take small portions from each dish onto your own plate. Coming from a culture where personal space and individual portions are valued, I found it uncomfortable at first to haveothers serving food onto my plate without asking. It tookme some time to adjust and understand that this was a signof generosity and hospitality in Chinese culture.中文回答：文化冲击是一个常见的经历，当人们旅行或搬到一个新的国家时，他们突然面对一个与自己文化不同的文化，他们可能会感到迷茫、焦虑，甚至是沮丧，因为他们试图适应新的文化规范和期望。
Unit4Space Exploration目标导航重点词汇阅读单词1．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续2．cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)厘米3．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹4．gravity n．重力；引力5．frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区6．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆7．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星8．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行9．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的n．巨人；巨兽；伟人10．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变(leapt，leapt/lept/or leaped，leaped)vi.& vt.跳过；跃过11．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处12．transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送13．data n．[pl.]资料；数据14．ongoing adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的15．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船16．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间17．jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器18．dock vi.& vt.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港n．码头；船坞19．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的20．microwave n．(also microwave oven)微波炉21．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织22．facility n．设施；设备23．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的24．high-end adj.高端的25．foam n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫26．pillow n．枕头27．mystery n．神秘事物；谜28．oxygen n．氧；氧气29．the USSR abbr.the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics苏联30．NASA abbr.National Aeronautics and Space Administration(美国)国家航空与航天局31．the International Space Station国际空间站32．Mars n．火星33．Jupiter n．木星重点单词1．astronaut n．宇航员；太空人2．mental adj.精神的；思想的3．universe n．宇宙；天地万物4．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市5．mankind n．人类6．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号n．信号；标志7．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用8．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力9．float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮动；使漂流10．otherwise adv.否则；要不然11．beyond prep.在更远处；超出12．soap n．肥皂13．towel n．毛巾；抹布14．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的15．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪16．shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的17．pattern n．模式；图案；模范18．monitor n．监视器；监测仪vt.监视；监测；监控19．smartphone n．智能手机20．resource n．资源；财力；物力21．attach vt.系；绑；贴词汇拓展1．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧2．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determination n．决心；果断3．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧4．desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→desired adj.渴望的，想要的5．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence n．独立；自立→depend vi.依靠6．lack vt.缺乏；没有n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的7．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点8．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v．分析9．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地10．limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limit vt.& n．限制重点词组1．carry on继续做，坚持干2．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上3．in the hope of doing sth.抱着……的希望4．so as to (do sth.)为了；以便5．figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白6．result in导致；造成7．as a result所以；结果(是)8．provide for sb.提供生活所需9．in closing最后10．run out用完；耗尽重点句型1．Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。
Mexican culture : A Different Sense of SpaceIntroduction: An analysis of Mexican culture and its different aspects compared to American culture, with some measures dealing with the dilemmas when communicating with Mexicans.People will think of passion and dynamism when they talk about Mexico. Admittedly, Mexicans are very friendly to foreigners but sometimes their friendly behaviors can cause problems when communicating with foreigners, especially when it comes to those who tend to be much more conservative and those who are not into group life.Consider someone from America comes to Mexico to have a relax but find himself or herself surrounded by a big crowd of Mexican people, what will he or she think? To some extent, the American will be appreciate of the friendly behavior of Mexicans .But on the other hand, the American may want to get rid of them because he or she just wants to enjoy being alone and enjoy the private space.Americans and Mexicans defines differently towards space. Whereas Americans draw circles around the individual, Mexicans draw circles around the group. Mexican culture is a bit similar to Chinese culture. In fact, yellow-skinned people tend to be more group-oriented such as those who come from Asian and Latin American countries. But for America and most western countries, individualism is highly recommended. People are more likely to have their own space and they enjoy time when they can be alone, without being disturbed by other people. That is to say, while American and Westerners recommend individual space, Asian and Mexico Peoplehave more fun in group space and the more people participate in, the more enjoyment they get.The story about the wall is interesting. It says that an American introduces his Mexican friend to his house to show how Americans live everyday. After the visit, the Mexican says:“You know, it’s exactly the same in Mexico except for the walls.”Admittedly, Mexicans like to live very close to each other. They do not have a very obvious border that divides personal areas, which is totally different from American life that recommends privacy and individualism. Mexicans are also known for their value of time, which can be related to their value of space. It is said that they will usually arrive hours late than the supposed time, which is still thought very reasonable.Why a strong correlation between sense of space exist in Mexican culture may be the result of their original lifestyle. Their ancestors tend to stay in groups in order to fight against the danger from the wild. As time goes by, this kind of tradition passes through generations, even though the country has been invaded by other countries. Our Chinese culture is quite the same, but we are more conservative than Mexicans. The reason may be that we do not receive too much foreign culture passively.Mexicans say:“Out of sight, out of mind.”It really reveals their culture. People are used to meet new people and make new friends. When someone has not been seen for a long time, the memory about him or her may be erased as they need their mental space to memorize new faces. So if you do not want to be erased by a Mexican, try to keep relationship with him or her more often.。
2024年四川成都锦江区中考英语全真模拟试题含答案注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
Ⅰ. 单项选择1、The_____that there is life on other planets has always encouraged scientists to explore the outer space. A．possibility B．order C．advice D．information2、--- Look at the lovely dog. Guess_______ at birth.--- I think he might be 100 grams.A．what could he do B．what his weight wasC．what was his weight D．what he could do3、Whatever happens, we Chinese never doubt _____our China dream will come true some day.A．if B．that C．which D．whether4、—Must I prepare for the trip today?―No, you. You can do it tomorrow.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t5、Peter is the man ________ gave me a lot of help in America.A．which B．what C．who D．whom6、Drivers run the red lights, or they will lose 6 points at a time.A．can’t B．needn’t C．may not D．mustn’t7、—do you go to the cinema?— Once a week.A．How often B．How soon C．How long8、一Do you like movie Dangal?一Yes. It's educational movie. I like it very much.A．the; an B．a; an C．a; the D．the; a9、Both of them had the same opinion. They reached a(n) ______ quickly.A．organization B．victory C．situation D．agreement10、My mother always tells me that . So I always do my best while studying.A．no pain, no gain B．too many cooks spoil the brothC．many hands make light work D．the grass is always greener on the other sideⅡ. 完形填空11、完形填空阅读短文，从每题所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续2．cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)厘米3．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹4．gravity n．重力；引力5．frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区6．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆7．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星8．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围v t.& v i.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行9．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的n．巨人；巨兽；伟人10．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处11．transmit v t.& v i.传输；发送12．data n．[pl.]资料；数据13．ongoing adj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的14．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船15．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间16．jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器17．dock v i.& v t.(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港n．码头；船坞18．solar adj.太阳的；太阳能的19．solar system太阳系20．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的21．microwave n．(also microwave oven)微波炉22．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织23．facility n．设施；设备24．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的25．high-end adj.高端的26．foam n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫27．pillow n．枕头28．the USSR abbr.the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics苏联29．NASA abbr.National Aeronautics and Space Administration(美国)国家航空与航天局30．the International Space Station国际空间站31．Mars n．火星32．Jupiter n．木星Ⅱ.记重点单词1．astronaut n．宇航员；太空人2．launch v t.& n．发射；发起；上市3．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变(leapt，leapt or leaped，leaped) v i.& v t.跳过；跃过4．mankind n．人类5．signal v t.& v i.标志着；标明；发信号n．信号；标志6．recycle v t.回收利用；再利用7．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力8．float v i.浮动；漂流；漂浮v t.使浮动；使漂流9．otherwise ad v.否则；要不然10．beyond prep.在更远处；超出11．current adj.当前的；现在的n．水流；电流；思潮12．soap n．肥皂13．towel n．毛巾；抹布14．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的15．shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的16．pattern n．模式；图案；模范17．monitor n．监视器；监测仪v t.监视；监测；监控18．smartphone n．智能手机19．resource n．资源；财力；物力20．oxygen n．氧；氧气Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．mental adj.精神的；思想的→mentally ad v.精神上地2．universe n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.宇宙的；通用的3．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧4．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine v t.查明；确定；决定→determination n．决心；果断5．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint v t.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧6．desire n．渴望；欲望v t.渴望；期望→desired adj.渴望的，想要的7．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently ad v.独立地；自立地→independence n．独立；自立→depend v i.依靠8．lack v t.缺乏；没有n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的9．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪→global adj.全球的；全面的10．argue v t.& v i.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点11．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyze (＝analyse) v．分析12．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly ad v.有规律地；经常；定期地→irregular adj.无规律的；不定期的13．limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limit v t.& n．限制14．closing adj.结尾的；结束的n．停业；关闭；倒闭→close v t.关闭adj.近的；亲密的→closely ad v.仔细地；严密地15．mystery n．神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj.神秘的16．attach v t.系；绑；贴→attached adj.附着的；依恋的→attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋Ⅳ.背核心短语1．carry on继续做，坚持干2．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上3．in the hope of doing sth.抱着……的希望4．so as to (do sth.)为了；以便5．figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白6．result in导致；造成7．as a result所以；结果(是)8．provide for sb.提供生活所需9．in closing最后10．run out用完；耗尽1．credit n．信用；赞扬；学分2．criminal n．罪犯；犯人3．currency n．货币；通货4．customs n．海关；关税5．database n．资料库，数据库6．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期1．These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.(make＋宾语＋宾补)这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。
II. Space and DistanceThe flow and shift of distance between us and the people with whom we interact are as much a part of communication experiences as the words we exchange. Notice how we might allow one person to stand very close to us and keep another at a distance. We use space and distance to convey messages. The study of this message system, called proxemics, is concerned with such things as our (1) personal space, (2) seating, and (3) furniture arrangement. All three have an influence on intercultural communication.Personal SpaceOur personal space is contained within an invisible boundary surrounding our body called the “comfort zone”. As the owners of this area, we usually decide who may enter and who may not. When our space is invaded, we react in a variety of ways. We back up and retreat, and our hands become moist from nervousness, or sometimes even react violently. Our response shows not only our unique personality, but also our cultural background. For example, cultures that stress individualism generally demand more space than do collective cultures and “tend to take an active, aggressive stance when their space is violated.”This perception and use of space is quite different from the one found in the Mexican and Arab cultures. As Condon tells us, in Mexico the “physical distance between people when engaged in conversation is closer than what is usual north of the border.”And for Middle Easterners, Ruch writes, “Typical Arab conversations are at close range. Closeness cannot be avoided.”As is the case with most of our behavior, our use of space is directly linked to the value system of our culture. In some Asian cultures, for example, students do notsit close to their teachers or stand near their bosses; the extended distance demonstrates respect. Extra interpersonal distance is also part of the cultural experience of the people of Scotland and Sweden, for whom it reflects privacy. And in Germany, Hall and Hall tell us, private space is sacred.SeatingCulture influences even the manner and meaning in seating arrangements. Notice, for example, that Americans, when in groups, tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or standing beside them. This pattern also influences how they select leaders when in groups: in most instances, the person sitting at the head of the table is chosen. In America, leaders usually are accustomed to being somewhat removed physically from the rest of the group and consequently choose chairs at the ends of the table. In China, seating arrangements take on different meaning. The Chinese often experience alienation and uneasiness when they face someone directly or sit on opposite sides of a desk or table from someone. It makes them feel as if they are on trial. In China, meetings often take place with people sitting on couches. In Korea, seating arrangements reflect status and different roles. In a car, office, or home, the seat at the right is considered the one of honor.For the Japanese, “seating arrangements at any formal or semiformal function are also based on hierarchy.”The most important person sits at one end of the rectangular table (长方形), with those nearest in rank at the right and left of this senior position. The lowest in class is nearest to the door and at the opposite end of the table from the person with the most authority.一般的宴请。
<除自助餐、茶会及酒会外>,主人必须安排客人的席次,不能以随便坐的方式,使得客人不知所措。
桌次的顺序。
如席设在饭店或礼堂,圆桌两桌,或两桌以上时,则必须定其主次。
其定位的原则,以背对饭厅或礼堂为正位,其右旁为上,左旁为下,如场地排有三桌,则以中间为上,右旁次之,左旁为下。
座次图与座位签卡。
遇宴会人多,如超过二十人以上,或席设两桌以上,宜备座次图,供客人认明自己的座位,便于入座。
座次的安排。
以右为尊。
如席设两桌,则以右桌为大。
主人坐定后,他的右侧为主宾位。
地位高者为尊,高者坐上席。
欧美国家视宴会为社交最佳场合,故席位采取分座原则,即:男女分座,排位时男女互为间隔。
夫妇、父女、母子、兄妹等一般分开;如有外宾在座,则中国人与外宾插开坐。
遵守社会伦理,长幼有序,师生有别,在正式的宴会场合,尤应严格遵守。
座位的末座,不能安排女宾。
:面门为上,以远为大,居中为尊,以右为尊.也就是说,对着门口的位置为主位,离门口最近的为次位,其他位次以离主位的远近而定主次,右主坐次:而在中国的传统政务礼仪中却是以左为尊的.包间安排上位是离门最远的位置，下位是门口之位，左侧为客位，右侧为副位！因为：主位在用餐的时候不受任何人打搅，客位和副位也是！下位是请客之人所坐，第一、上菜方便；第二、叫服务员、买单都很方便，不用影响其他同事、朋友的用餐秩序~Furniture ArrangementFurniture arrangement within the home communicates something about the culture. For example, people from France, Italy, and Mexico who visit the United States are often surprised to see that the furniture in the living room is pointed toward the television set. For them, conversation is important, and facing chairs toward a television screen will discourage a conversation. In their countries, furniture is positioned to encourage interaction.Even the arrangement of offices gives us a clue to the character of a people. According to Hall and Hall, in France “Everything is centralized, and spatially the entire country is laid out around centers.”In Germany, where privacy is stressed,office furniture is spread throughout the office. In Japan, where group participation is encouraged, many desks are arranged hierarchically in the center of a large, common room absent of walls. The supervisors and managers are positioned nearest the windows. This organization encourages the exchange of information, facilitates multitask accomplishments, and promotes the Confucian concept of learning through silent observation.Co-cultures also have their own use of space. Prostitutes, for example, are very possessive of their territory. When they mentally mark an area as their own, even though it may be a public street, they behave as if it were their private property and keep other prostitutes away. In prisons, where space is limited, controlled, space and territory are crucial forms of communication. New inmates quickly learn the culture of prison by learning about the use of space. They soon know when to enter another cell, that space reduction is a form of punishment, and that lines form for nearly all activities. Women normally allow both men and other women to stand closer to them than do men. Leathers has concluded: Men use space as a means of asserting their dominance over women, as in the following: (a) they claim more personal space than women; (b) they more actively defend violations of their territories—which are usually much larger than the territories of women; (c) under conditions of high density, they become more aggressive in their attempts to regain a desired measure of privacy; and (d) men more frequently walk in front of their female partner than vice versa. (Samovar 164-167)Four Types of Space described by Hall:Intimate Distance (Distance: Touching to 1/12 feet/18 inches) (０～０．４５７米)This is the distance of lovemaking, wrestling (摔跤), comforting, and protecting;Personal Distance (Distance: 1/12 feet/18 inches to 4 feet) (０．４５７～１．２１９米) Personal space is your "bubble" - the space you place between yourself and others. This invisible boundary becomes apparent only when someone bumps or tries to enter your bubble.Social Distance (Distance: 4 to 12 feet) (１．２１９～３．６５７米) Impersonal business or casual conversations can be carried on in this space. People are very much aware of the presence of one another, but they neither interfere with each other nor are they oppressively near;Public Distance (Distance: 12 to 25 feet, or farther) （３．６５７米～）A person at this distance is outside the circle of involvement. This is the distance reserved for public speakers and/or public officials or for anyone on public occasions.。
