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Listen this way 听力教程第三册-9Unit 9 Romancing the StonePart I Getting readyA museum is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities throughout the world and more local ones exist in smaller cities, towns and even the countryside. The city with the largest number of museums is Mexico City with over 128 museums. According to the World Museum Community, there are more than 55,000 museums in 202 countries.Audioscript：1. The LouvreParis is an ancient city, witness to revolution, celebration and war. At its center stands the Louvre, once a royal palace and now one of the world's greatest museums. The Louvre is home to the most famous painting in human history -- The Mona Lisa. Her enigmatic smile is saidto conceal many secrets.2. The Vatican MuseumIn the middle of Rome stands the Vatican, the epicenter of Catholicism. It is both a fortified city and a place the Pope calls home. (Gracias. Gracias.) It also houses one of the most famous museums in the world, full of timeless treasures, each one with a story to tell. Of all of these none are more famous than the Sistine Chapel. All who enter here gaze up at the luminous frescos of Michelangelo.3. Toronto's Royal Ontario MuseumIt's an eye-popping Canadian landmark, a national treasure chest and a place of mystery. This is the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, the ROM. For every object on display, thousands more are hidden in backrooms far from public view. Enter the hall of Ancient Egypt, and the hair stand up on the back of your neck. You feel a presence of the ghosts. How did they live and how did they die? If only the mummies could speak.4. Cairo's Egyptian MuseumEgypt, here the towering monuments of the Pharaohs stand silent amid the roar of a modern city. Cairo is the largest metropolis in Africa, home to more than 20 million people. But at its center is a refugee from urban chaos. This is the museum of Egyptian antiquities, the treasure chest of Asian civilization and one of the most spectacular museums in the world. Visitors flock here by the millions to gaze into the eyes oflong dead Pharaohs and marvel at their dazzling sarcophagi of silver and gold.5. London's Natural History MuseumThe Natural History Museum in London, England, it's a cathedral of nature housing over 70 million specimens. During the day, thousands of visitors tour the galleries. But at night, when they've all gone home, this place seems to come alive with unforgettable stories about where we came from and where we are going. The galleries and dark passage ways invite those who dare to venture behind the scenes. Take a closer look and discover secrets that are disturbing and sometimes brutal.Part II "The Scream"Painting is a fascinating subject. Every time when you visit a museum, you will find something new even in the same painting. While looking at a painting, you can enjoy it for its beauty alone. Its lines, forms, colors, and composition may appeal to your senses and linger in your memory. Apart from that, you can also try to figure out what the painting describes. Does it describe the artist's impression of a scene or a person? Or does it describe the artist's feeling about the art of painting itself?Audioscript：Speaker 1: This picture is "The Scream" by Edvard Munch, and it's a very powerful picture, it's in black and white as, as you see it here. And um I think it's particularly powerful because mainly because of that figure who um, who is, who seems to be running off this bridge here holding his or her head in her hands and screaming. And um, what's very interesting about the picture are the two, the two figures at the end of the bridge or further up this road. And it's difficult to understand whether the person is running from them or whether they're just er innocent bystanders.Um, so the reason I, I like this picture, the reason I find it powerful is because I think that the person is not actually running from the two dark figures at the end of the bridge, but in fact the person is suffering er perhaps some kind of terrible loneliness or sadness, and is, actually seems to be trying to hide that feeling from those people. And I think this is a common feeling, I think this is something which we all do sometimes when, when we feel some feeling, usually a bad feeling, something like loneliness or terrible unhappiness, we don't want other people to see that, and er so we, we have to try and hide that feeling from, from other members of the, of the public. And I feel that's what this man or woman is doing in the picture here.Audioscript：Speaker 2: As a design, the picture's very strong as well. The, the bridge or the street is a very strong diagonal line which goes through the, the picture. And then to the, to the right of the screamer's head there's a series of dark vertical lines -- it's difficult to know what that is, perhaps it's a field or maybe it could be a wall, it's difficult to know exactly what it is, but those dark vertical lines somehow depress the picture, which is exactly what the artist wanted. And then at the, at the top, you have the sky, which the artist has, has er made in the form perhaps of clouds, which are very strong horizontal lines, very, very bold black lines which again seem to push the whole picture down, and add to the depression of the, the experience which the, the screamer is er, is feeling.Part III Taj MahalThe Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built by Mogul emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely recognized as the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage. Audioscript：There's no building more romantic or more tragic than the Taj Mahal. On June the 17th, 1631, Mumtaz Mahal, the wife of the Mogul Emperor, Shah Jahan, died while giving birth to her fourteenth child.So, in response to the death of his wife, Shah Jahan created one of the most famous buildings in the world, the Taj Mahal, a vision of perfection, of paradise on Earth. The emotional power of the Taj Mahal comes not just from its ruthless symmetry and its dazzling white material, but also from the purity and simplicity really of its forms. In line with Islamic thinking, it is not loaded with images of living beings, banned in the Koran, but by simple abstract decoration, lettering. In this sense very much less ornamentation gives more emotional power.As you approach nearer, the Taj Mahal, its scale, its craftsmanship become almost overwhelming. It took twenty thousand people twenty years to complete this great structure and its white marble is inlaid with twenty-eight different sorts of precious and semi-precious stones. But, this isn't a palace or a mosque. It's a mausoleum. It's a monument to grief. At this level and so near, I can see just how exquisite and subtle the Taj Mahal is. The inlay is amazing, like a jewel box. And the white marble is carved and the surface is mottled in architectural detail. It was a great surprise, being inside the Taj Mahal is like being inside a living being. It moans and it groans. There's no question about it, as a monument to grief and to heartbreak and the expression of agony and pain that lost all that was precious in this world and longing for the next, the Taj Mahal has no equal. It's unsurpassed.Audioscript：The twist to the story of the Taj Mahal is in the nearby Red Fort where the final tragic episode of Shah Jahan's life was played out. It's here that the myth of the Taj was born, where it enters the world of legend.Shah Jahan, the great emperor, became ill. He suffered a stroke and this provoked a ruthless, vicious struggle for power among his four sons. They fought, they battled and Aurangzeb, the most skilful, the most vicious I suppose of the four sons, prevailed. He killed his three brothers in battle and by treachery and when he had his father, Shah Jahan in his power, he imprisoned him here in the Fort. So for Shah Jahan his great empire had been reduced to the area of this courtyard, and he would stand where I am standing now, contemplating the view, looking at the great mausoleum over there. This is a spectacular view, but it could have been more spectacular still. It is said that Shah Jahan, if he hadn't lost control of his empire, would have built himself a mausoleum opposite that of his wife, and his one would have been clad in black marble, to match the white marble of the Taj Mahal.The story of the black Taj is an invention of the 18th century, but one that reflects, reinforces the fantasy surrounding a building dedicated to love and to what could have been.Part IV More about the topic:British Sculptures Now and ThenSculpture has changed more radically in the past 100 years than in the preceding 30 000. British sculptors have led the way thanks to their restless originality. Today British sculpture is a hugely expressive medium with almost limitless possibilities. Sometimes that sheer variety can be a bit bewildering but in British sculpture's long history, this may turn out to be the greatest chapter yet. Audioscript：Welcome to the British Museum, London, home to ancient art, and the unlikely birthplace of modern sculpture. Throughout the 19th century, British sculptors came here to study the famous ancient Greek marbles that once adorned the Parthenon in Athens. They went on show at the British Museum at the start of 1817 and were soon considered the epitome of what sculpture could and should be. Classical, heroic forms, they're naturalistic, harmoniously proportioned, completely devoid of distortion. They offer a vision of a highly sophisticated society -- the bedrock, if you like, of Western civilization.But at the beginning of the 20th century, a group of bohemian, bold, renegade young sculptors began to look elsewhere in the museum for inspiration. The hieratic art of Ancient Egypt, carved direct into stone. The carving of the Pacific, free of classical proportions. The reliefs of ancient Assyria, so different from the Parthenon. And the sculpture ofCentral America -- full of sex and death. Early in the 20th century,non-European works like these kick-started a revolution in British sculpture.Since then, in the search for new forms of self-expression, British sculptors have broken all the old rules. There's been controversy as their vision has clashed with convention.TV news: The sculptor of a house who won this year's Turner Art Prize has watched her work being demolished.There's been conservatism, whimsy, mass-production. But in a golden age of creativity, our artists have often led the way -- making British sculpture part of a new, international language. Instead of gods or heroes, they project their own inner world, leaving us to decide what their sculptures mean. They've pushed the boundaries so far, we're no longer even sure what sculpture is.It's been a story of revolution and liberation of the sculptor free to soar unfettered into the realm of the imagination, to the point where the concept behind the work, not the skill of its execution, has become king. Today, the sculptor isn't someone chipping away at a block of marble, but a kind of sage who can spot beauty and meaning in the world around us, and bring it to our attention in the gallery.Part V Do you know ...?Most of us like to hang beautiful things on our walls. They're statements of our personal taste or reflections of the things we love. But few of us can afford to go to swanky Mayfair galleries or posh auction houses to buy art. 1.5 million quid for a slice of abstract expressionism is a bit beyond most pockets in these recessionary times. In fact, half of Britain's living rooms have art on the walls which has been bought on the high street from stores like Ikea, Habitat, B&Q or Argos. Audioscript：Aside：Nowadays, art is all around us. It's in the streets, and it's part of the modern landscape. In the past few years, we've built greattemples to art up and down the country, whether it's theBaltic in Gateshead or the Tate Modern in London. Artgalleries have become people-friendly places drawing hugecrowds. Modern art is now something we can all participatein. It's fashionable, it's cool. Its artists are superstars. Butwhat sort of art do we want in our living rooms?Hostess：I'm going to venture into the domestic art galleries we all inhabit. It's a world where individuality meets mass marketand personal taste is more important than art history.Man 1：Yeah, I don't know anything about the history of these ...these pictures, but I just like the colors. Colors repre ...They're superb for what we wanted. WoMan 1：Natural landscapes I really like, so stormy seas and skies with wintry trees, just the skeletons, but I think they're moreeffective in black and white. Girl: It's the ... The sky's like ina nice color, and the sea is very beautiful.Man 2：I like mountains. I'm a mountain guy, so I like pictures with mountains on it. WoMan 2：I don't like Pollock, because it just seems a bit messy, but I do like that wild flinging, painter to canvas.Aside：If you want to buy art for your home, you could start at the top.This is London's Mayfair, where you can spend squillions onan original work of art. Down the road at Tate Modern,things are a little bit more user-friendly. There's fun to be hadfor all the family. And in the shop, there's a vending machinewhere you can order your own personal masterpiece to takehome. The mass reproduction of art is now big business, andone of the biggest players in town is the Art Group, whichsupplies art galleries, shops and superstores around the worldfrom its factory in Northampton. The Art Group started offwith just a single stall on Camden Market 25 years ago. Itsslogan was, "Art for all." Now it runs a 24-hour productionline and is a multimillion-pound business employing 300people.Hostess：So when people think of art, they think of these perfect white spaces, silent, contemplative, and here you've got thethunder of machinery, the vaulted warehouse ... DarrenBooker (Operation Director): Absolutely.Hostess：I like it, actually.Darren：This is ... This is art on a big scale. It doesn't matter if you make ten a day or 10 000 a week. It still has to be perfect. Hostess：Amazing how recognizable all these images are. I don't have any, I don't own any, but they've sort of seeped into myconsciousness from, you know, trips to Ikea or Habitat orArgos or wherever. So what's the effect of the price of thissort of art coming down?Darren：I think the real effect is that it's now in ... in more reach of everyone. People are now able to afford this, and in manyways it now becomes a disposable piece of artwork. Art'sbecoming more fashionable, and people will tend to decoratemore frequently, change their art more frequently, which isall so great for us.Hostess：Because they can.Hostess：I can see Klimt hanging on the wall. Is this a big ... is Klimta big guy for you?Darren：Yeah, he's a very successful artist, very well known, a good seller.Hostess：Do you think Klimt would have ever thought, as heanguished over that picture, that years later people in afactory would be nailgunning it to a piece of MDF? It's art aslifestyle, I guess.Part VII Watch and enjoyThe Sistine Chapel is a large and renowned chapel of the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in the Vatican City. The fame of the Sistine Chapel lies mainly in the frescos that decorate the interior, and most particularly the Sistine Chapel ceiling and The Last Judgment by Michelangelo. The fame of Michelangelo's paintings has drawn multitudes of visitors to the chapel, ever since they were revealed five hundred years agoVideoscript：In the middle of Rome stands the Vatican, the epicenter of Catholicism. It is both a fortified city and a place the Pope calls home. (Gracias. Gracias.) It also houses one of the most famous museums in the world, full of timeless treasures, each one with a story to tell. Of all of these none are more famous than the Sistine Chapel.All who enter here gaze up at the luminous frescos of Michelangelo. What few people know is that his masterpiece was an afterthought. When the chapel was constructed the walls were filled with monumental murals. But the ceiling was just decorated with a simple field of stars. Thirty years later Pope Julius II decided it needed a new paint job. When he gave the task to Michelangelo, he took a leap of faith because the artist was not then a famous painter, but an upcoming sculptor of the human form. His transformation of the ceiling, an area the size of two basketball courts, would be completed in just four years. How did a brilliant but inexperienced painter complete the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in such a short time? Five hundred years later when Vatican's staff embarked on the restoration project, they got the chance to uncover this museum secret.The restoration team spent nine years up onto the ceiling in the 1980s. It took them twice as long to clean the ceiling as it did Michelangelo to paint it.The largest figures on the ceiling are nearly 20 feet across. Michelangelo did not attempt to paint them freehand. Each figure started as a sketch or cartoon, followed by a procedure that art experts like William Wallace refer to as pouncing.Wallace: Pouncing is the means of transferring the cartoon to the plaster, so the cartoon is actually being pricked with little tiny holes and charcoal dust in a bag is actually pounced or pounded onto the cartoon. Okay. We see the head beautifully pounced and the hand beautifully pounced.But pouncing was a slow process and Michelangelo was under pressure for an aging Pope who wanted to see the ceiling completed before he died. So Michelangelo exchanged the charcoal for a blade, allowing him to quickly incise the lines of the sketch directly onto the plaster.On a scaffold 18 hours a day, seven days a week, constantly craning his neck up, paint dripping into his eyes, no one can say Michelangelo didn't suffer for art. In the fourth year of his labor, he even described it in a poem:"With my neck puffed out like a pigeon,Belly hanging like an empty sack,Beard pointed at the ceiling and,My brain fallen back within my head."Michelangelo kept going because he was tough and determined, but that doesn't explain how he could work on a scaffold just a few feet from the ceiling and yet paint figures in perfect perspective when seeing from far below. The answer may be because he started his career as a sculptor. Elizabeth (Art historian): When Michelangelo imagines a figure moving, it's moving inwards, outwards and space, and therefore creates this wonderful perspective. People ask all the time, "Is that real? Is the architecture real? Are they sticking out the ceiling? Are they 3D?"If one removes the frescos from the ceiling, Michelangelo's mastery of perspective becomes even more impressive. He works magic with his paints, creating lifelike 3 D figures even when the background tilts the wrong way.Elizabeth (Art historian): Jonah was painted on a piece of plaster that tilts towards us, and yet looking at the figure Jonah appears to tilt backwards. It was something that he knew would fly in the face of all the people that criticized him at the beginning of the assignment say, "Oh, but Michelangelo doesn't know anything about painting." Michelangelo denies the laws of physics through his painting. It's the same kind of special effect that people marvel at in something like Avatar.So how did Michelangelo complete his masterpiece in just 4 years? Determination, physical endurance and 3D virtualosity are only part of the answer. The rest is surely quite simply, genius.Every morning when the gates open, thousands of visitors head straight to the Sistine Chapel. To stand for a moment in a place that combines the power of god and the genius of man.。

1Tapescript2Listen This Way (Book 2)3Unit 1 Under the Same Roof4Part I Getting readyA.Words and phrases51.kindergarten2. nursery school3. kid4. stability5. 67discipline86. divorce7. care for8. coo9. wedding 10. brideB.Talking about family pictures910Tapescript:1.Woman: This is my family. I’m married. My husband’s name is Bill.1112We have two children—a boy and a girl. Our little girl is six years old, and 13our little boy is four. Jennie goes to kindergarten, and Aaron goes to nursery 14school. My father lives with us. Grandpa’s great with the kids. He loves 15playing with them and taking them and taking them to the park or the zoo.2.Man: This is a picture of me and my three sons. We’re at a soccer 16game. Orlando is twelve, Louis is ten, and Carlos is nine. All three of them1718really like sports. Orlando and Louis play baseball. Carlos is into skating.3.Man: This is my wife June, and these are my three children. Terri on1920the right is the oldest. She’s in high school. She’s very involved in music.21She ;s in the orchestra. Rachel—she’s the one in the middle—is twelve now.22And this is my son Peter. He’s one year older than Rachel. Rachel and peter 23are both in junior high school. Time really flies. June and I have been married 24for twenty years now.4.Woman: This is a picture of me with my three kids. The girls, Hill2526and Anne, are both in high school. This is Jill on the right. She’ll graduate 27next year. Anne is two years younger. My son Dan is in college. It seems like 28the kids are never home. I see them for dinner and sometimes on Saturday 29mornings, but that’s about it. They’re really busy and have a lot of friends.30C.Choose the right answer to the questions.311.So, what does your father do for a living? b. He’s a cook.322.How many people are there in your family?3334a. There are six people in my family.3.How old is your sister? c. She turned twenty in August.354.Where do your parents live now? c. They live in Tokyo.365.How many brothers and sisters do you have?37b. I have two brothers and one sister.386.What is your brother’s name? a. His name is David.397.Where does your mother work? c. She works in a hospital.408.How long have you been married? b. Since 1994419.Do you have any children? a. Yes, two daughters and one son.4210.Where did you and your wife meet?4344b. We met at my best friend’s birthday party.45Part II Changing rolesA.Listen to an interview on changes in the parent-child roles and4647male-female roles.B.Listen to a more authentic version of the interview. Supply the missing4849information in the following chart.50Tapescript:51Question: Parent Link is an organization that looks at the problems that parents 52and children face. Its director, Tim Kahn, told us about the changing roles of parents and children.5354Tim Kahn: The authoritarian model was one in which the child had no rights and55I guess in the 60s and perhaps the 70s many people rejected that and we had the56sort of permissive era ---- the age where many parents felt they had to allow their children to do whatever they wanted to do and so in a sense the roles were5758reverved and it was t he children who were the bosses and the parents who ran around behind them. The ideas that we offer to parents are kind of a third position in5960which we’re looking at equals, where parents and children are different butequal.6162Q: What about changes in the male-female roles?63T: Society has changed a lot. As well as technology leading to great changes,people’s roles have changed very much, in particular the women’s movement has 6465very much questioned the role of women and led many women to demand a freer choice66about who are and how they can be. There’s a lot of frustration with how men67haven’t changed, and it seems to me that the more the frustration is expressed68the more stuck in and being the same men are and we need to find ways of appreciating69men for the amount of work that they have to do in being bread-winners and providersfor families and appreciating the efforts men are making to be more involved with7071their children.72Q: Are there any changes you would like to see in the attitude to family life in Britain?7374T: In the past there were arranged marriages and I wonder if part of having75an arranged marriage is know ing that you have to work at it to create the love76and that now people are getting married out of love and there’s a kind of feeling77that your love is there and it will stay there forever and we don’t have to work78at it and when it gets tricky we don’t know how to work at it and so we opt out.I think helping people learn to work at their relationships to make their7980relationship work would be a significant thing that I’d like to see happening.81Part III Family life then and now8283A. Answer the questions1.s eparate2. Smoking, drinking3. collecting4. On the railway84855. easy6. Play a lot of games7. go out, 1886B. Decide whether the statements are True or False.1. F2. F3. T4. F5. F6. T8788Tapescript:89Josephine: We did feel far more stability in our lives, because you see… in 90these days I think there’s always a concern that families will separate or 91something, but in those days nobody expected the families to separate.92Gertrude: Of course there may have been smoking, drinking and drug-taking yearsago, but it was all kept very quiet, nobody knew anything about it. But these9394days there really isn’t the family life that we used to have. The children seem 95to do more as they like whether they know it’s right or wrong. Oh, things arevery different I think.9697Question: What was your parents’ role in family life?98Josephine: Well, my mother actually didn’t do a tremendous amount in the house, 99but she did do a great deal of work outside and she was very interested, for example, 100in the Nursing Association collecting money for it. We had somebody who looked 101after us and then we also had someone who did the cleaning.Gertrude: Well, we lived in a flat, we only had three rooms and a bathroom. 102103Father worked on the railway at Victoria Station and my mother didn’t work, 104obviously. My father’s wage I think was about two pounds a week and I supposeour rent was about twelve shillings a week, you know as rent was --- I’m going 105106back a good many years. We didn’t have an easy life, you know and I think that’s107why my mother went out so much with her friends. It was a relief for her, you 108know really.109Question: Did you have a close relationship with your parents?110Josephine: In a sense I would say not very close but we, at that time, didn’t 111feel that way, we didn’t think about it very much I don’t think. I think today 112people are much closer to their parents and talk about everything, which we 113didn’t. Then, of course, we used to play a lot of games, because we didn’t have 114a television or even a radio and we would play games in the evenings rather thanhave conversation, I think.115116Question: Was there more discipline in families in those days?117Josephine: Oh yes, I do think so, yes. We were much more disciplines and we 118went about as a family and it wasn’t until I was probably about 18before I would 119actually go out with any friends of my own.120Statements:1. Seventy years ago young people often smoked and drank in front of others. 1211222. Apart from a great deal of work outside, Josephine’s mother also looked 123after her children and did the cooking and cleaning in the house.3. Gertrude’s father earned two pounds a week.1241254. Gertrude’s family had to pay ten shillings a week for their flat.1265. Young people seventy years ago deeply felt that they did not have a veryclose relationship with their parents.1271286. Nowadays people are much closer to their parents and talk about everything129to them.130Part IV More about the topic: Father’s DayA.W hile listening, supply the missing words.1311)wise, knows1322)thankless, provider, enemy1333)poorest, richest1344)trust, educate1355)f ourteen, ignorant, stand, around, twenty-one, astonished, learned 1366)h ard, hardships, hardships, through started1377)realizes, right, wrong1388)baby, woman, woman, back1399)need, strong, protection140B.S upply the missing words while listening.141142Part V Memory test: Brothers and Sisters143Key to multiple choice questions:1441. b2. d3. a4. c5. b6. b145Tapescript:Woman: Well, my brother was six years younger than I, and er, I think that when 146147he was little I was quite jealous of him. I remember he had beautiful red 148curls(mm)… my mother used to coo over him. One day a friend and I played, erm, 149barber shop, and, erm, my mother must have been away, she must have been in the 150kitchen or something (mm) and we got these scissors and sat my brother down and 151kept him quiet and (strapped him down)…That’s right, and cut off all his curls,you see. And my mother just was so upset, and in fact it’s the … I think it’s 152153one of the few times I’ve ever seen my father really angry.154Man: What happened to you?Woman: Oh… I was sent to my room for a whole week you know, it was terrible. 155156Man: But was that the sort of pattern, weren’t you close to your brother at 157all?158Woman: Well as I grew older I think that er I just ignored him…159Man: What about …you’ve got an older brother too, did … were they close, 160the two brothers?Woman: No, no my brother’s just a couple of years older than I… so the two 161162of us were closer and we thought we were both very grown up and he was just a…a 163kid …we deliberately, I think, kind of ignored him. And then I left, left home 164when he was only still a schoolboy, he was only fifteen (mm) and I went to live 165in England and he eventually went to live in Brazil and I really did lose contact 166with him for a long time.167Man: What was he doing down there?168Woman: Well, he was a travel agent, so he went down there to work… And, erm, 169I didn’t, I can’t even remember, erm sending a card, even, when he got married.170But I er…I do remember that later on my mother was showing me pictures of his 171wedding, ’cause my mother and father went down there (uh huh) to the wedding, 172and er, there was this guy on the photos with a beard and glasses, and I said, 173“Oh, who’s this then?”’cause I thought it was the bride’s brother orsomething like this (mm)…and my mother said frostily, “That…is your 174175brother!” (laughter)176Questions for memory test:1771. According to the passage, how many brothers does the lady have?1782. When the sister saw her mother coo over her younger brother, how did she 179feel?3. What’s her father’s reaction when he got to know that the sister had cut 180181off her younger brother’s hair?1824. How old was her younger brother when she left home?1835. Where did her brother eventually live?1846. Who was the guy on the photos with a beard and glasses?185。

Part I Getting readyA.B.Narrator: What would you reply to these people?Man: Well, as I see it, millions of people in the world are worse off than us, but there's nothing we can do about it.Woman: I'd say that if you do have plenty of money, there's no point in spending it on private education for your children.Man: It seems to me that the only way to help the poor in the world is to find ways of helping them to help themselves. … er … not … by … er … giving them free food.Women: If you ask me, taxes for rich people should be really high — 95% or something - so that everyone is at the same economic level.Man: Er … in my view it … it's worth making a lot of money … er … so that you can leave it to your children when you die.Man: Don't you agree that if people are starving or have nowhere to live, it's the duty of better-off people to give them food and shelter?Woman: Look, let's face it, there's only one reason why people work and that's to make as much money as possible.Man: Surely, as long as you've got enough to live on, there's no point in making more and more money.Woman: If you're earning a good salary, surely you should save as much as you can for a rainy day.Man: I must say that one thing is certain: money doesn't buy happiness.C.Narrator: You'll hear some people reacting to various opinions —decide if they are agreeing or disagreeing with the opinions expressed. Pay attention to the tone of voice they use.1. Woman: Aren't you glad you're not a millionaire?Man: Sure!2. Man: Don't you wish you could afford to spend our holidays in the Caribbean?Woman: Mm, ye-es.3. Woman: It's not worth saving your money, it's better to spend it.Man: Oh, sure!4. Man: It's better to be happy than rich.Woman: Hmm.5. Woman: Well, basically, in a job the most important thing is how much you earn.Man: Oh, yes!6. Man: It's really important to save a little money every month — you never knowwhen you might need it.Woman: I don't know about that!7. Man: The only way to survive on a tight budget is to keep a record of all yourexpenses.Man: I don't know about that!8. Woman: Children these days get far too much pocket money.Woman: Mmm!9. Woman: In a family it should be the mother that controls the budget.Woman: Yes!10. Man: If I inherited a lot of money it wouldn't change my life at all.Man: Oh, yes!Part II National teach children to save dayOn Thursday, April 17, "National Teach Children to Save Day," 2 500 bankers will make 5 000 presentations in elementary school classrooms across the country to teach children how to save money."Bankers are committed to investing in the future of children because we want them to be able to make smart financial decisions throughout their lifetime," said American Bankers Association Executive Vice-president Donald G. Ogilvie. "Education and money management skills are keys to a better life." The ABA Education Foundation declared "National Teach Children to Save Day" as a way to show banking industry support for teaching children money management skills and encouraging them to save money for the future. In 1996, Americans saved only 4.9% of their disposable incomes, compared to 1970 when they saved 8%. The Foundation coordinated a great effort with state bankers associations to encourage bankers to participate in "National Teach Children to Save Day." It also prepared a resource kit with tools to help bankers make presentations in classrooms. More than 125 000 students will be part of this national initiative. The ABA Education Foundation also offers tips for parents to foster the savings habit in their children:●Give them an allowance with the understanding that part of it goes into their own savings —a first step towards learning to budget.●To make their savings visible and real, have them build up savings in a piggy bank. Then helpthem open their own bank savings account, and have them make deposits each month.●Use their monthly statements, or the record in their savings passbooks, to show them howtheir money is multiplying.●For every dollar your children earn, encourage them to spend 25 cents on what they want orneed now, put 25 cents away for a bigger-item purchase later and save or invest the rest.(That's a 50% savings rate!)●Make savings and investing fun. Give your children play money to "invest" in stocks they cantrack in local newspapers. If the stocks go up, pay them in more play money; if the stocks decline, they pay you.Part III Credit cardsCredit cards are an important part of American life. Whether we have a positive or negative image of credit cards, they are an inescapable part of our finances, either now or in the future. Without a credit card, it's just about impossible to rent a car, make a hotel or airline reservation, or even get a membership at a video store. Since credit cards are so important, yet so many people are in financial trouble because of them, we feel education is extremely important. We want to show our customers that credit cards are not toys; they are an important responsibility.A credit card can be used to "charge" things like clothes, tapes or CDs, dinner at a restaurant, or maybe a hotel room while you're on vacation. When you charge something, you are agreeing to pay for your purchase at a later date. Basically, you are buying something now and paying for it later.Credit cards come with a "limit." Let's say your credit card has a limit of $100. That means you can charge up to $100.00 worth of items on your card. You will get a statement in the mail each month that lists the charges you have made. You will also have to make a payment every month that you have a balance owing. Since we're about educating our customers on the realities of credit and credit cards, we're going to be perfectly honest. First, using a credit card can be very expensive. Banks don't offer credit cards just because they like you. They offer them because they make money when customers use credit cards. How do they make money? When you charge something on a credit card, you not only will have to pay for what you bought, but you will also have to pay interest, or a finance charge, if you don't pay your bill in full by the due date. The finance charge is your extra cost for having something now and paying for it later. The interest rate on a credit card can be 15% or even higher. If, however, you pay your bill in full every month by the due date, you do not have to pay interest. And of course, we highly recommend you do that! It's very easy to make lots of purchases on your card and then be surprised at how quickly they add up when your bill arrives! If you're not careful when you use a credit card, you could find yourself in a lot of debt. And it always takes much longer to pay it off than to spend it. You will also want to be careful about buying things with credit card you wouldn't normally be able to afford. Again, you can get in over your head and end up paying a tremendous amount of interest.However, when used correctly, credit cards can be very helpful. It's sometimes hard to do certain things without a credit card. Credit cards are also helpful for emergencies and are good for travel.Some credit cards even insure your purchase, meaning if something is lost, stolen, or broken, it can be replaced. We believe the best way to become responsible with credit is to learn through hands-on experience. If you begin at a young age with a low limit, you won't be likely to blow it and get in financial trouble later on.Part IV More about the topic: Gulf Between the Rich and PoorA.Woman: In 1998, the United Nation's Human Development Report contains some interesting statistical comparisons about global wealth. For example the reportnotes that the world's three richest people own assets which exceed thecombined growth domestic products of the world's poorest 48 countries. Inanother amazing comparison the report says the statistics show that installingwater and sanitation for all the world's poor would cost roughly the sameamount of money as is spent annually on ice-cream in Europe. It also notes thatbasic education for everyone would cost slightly less than is spent annually forcosmetics in the United States. What's wrong with this picture? The author of anew book entitled Luxury Fever says the answer is "spending priorities". RobertFrank, a professor of economics at Cornell University in Ithyca, New York haswritten a book which says Americans are spending so much of their income onever larger houses and cars that they can't afford to spend on social programs orinfrastructure repairs.Frank: It's a strange position really when you look back on it. Over the last 25 years, we've been spending much more on building larger houses, we've beenspending vastly more on automobiles. People in the middle of the incomedistribution don't have any more money in terms of real purchasing power thanthey did 25 years ago. People near the bottom of the income distribution haveeven less than they had. People at the top of course have done spectacularlywell. There's been about a doubling in the real purchasing power that has beenexperienced by the top 1% of earners. So naturally, people at the top find it aperfectly reasonable thing to do to buy bigger houses or more expensive cars.But that's of the chain of imitative spending all the way down the income ladder,and many of the people in the middle who feel they desperately need largerhouses because others have them really could be spending their money in otherways if we look back.Woman: The time required as you put it to earn enough money to pay for a larger house could be used and could be freed up to use for family and friends.Frank: Well that's true. There is always a cost of buying more things. Instead of buildinga bigger house or buying a more expensive car, I can work fewer hours andspend time with family and friends. And what the behavioral studies show veryclearly is that if everyone did that, people would be happier. They'd have fewerdisputes of work. They'd have lower levels of stress hormones in their blood.They get sick less often. They die at an older age. (To) sum it up, there is no freelunch. If we spend more on one thing, that always means spending less onanother. And the best evidence we have such as that rich and poor life would beboth healthier and happier if we rearranged our spending patterns in theseways.B.Woman 1: Another economist and author, however, see the positive side to the increased prosperity of Americans. W. Michael Cox is the vice president of theFederal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Texas. And his book is entitled Myths of Richand Poor. Mr. Cox disputes the widely held notion that there's a huge gapbetween the rich and poor in America. He says all Americans are better offthan they were 30 years ago.Woman 2: Technological advances have created hundreds of gadgets that did not exit 30 years ago. Mr. Cox contains in his new book, appliances like cellular andcordless phones, computers, answering machines, microwave ovens. He saysthese new inventions make life today both easier and more pleasurable. Andhe says these conveniences are available to a broader cross-section of thegeneral public in the United States than in any other country in the world.That's because improvements in productivity and the openness of the U.S.market has made them affordable for just about anybody.Cox: Today of all the people in poverty in America, almost 3/4 have washing machines, half have clothes dryers, 97% have color televisions, 3/4 have VCRs,2/3 have microwaves and air conditioners, 3/4 own their own automobile, 40%own their own home, half have stereo systems.Part V Do you know…?Europe ranks as the most expensive region in the world in the latest survey by a prestigious London research group, the Economist Intelligence Unit.Seven of the world's 10 most expensive cities are in Europe, according to the report released Monday.The Economist Intelligence Unit ranks Oslo as the third most expensive city in the world. Other European cities in the top 10 include Zurich, Copenhagen, Geneva, Paris, Reykjavik and London. Tokyo and Osaka remain on top of the list, as they have for a decade. Hong Kong ranked fifth. The editor of the report, Bill Ridgers, says strong European currencies, led by the euro, account for the continent's high cost of living."We've seen an increase in the relative cost of living in the euro-zone countries as the euro has appreciated against the U.S. dollar, the prices have become relatively more expensive. And the flip side to that is that we've seen U.S. cities actually slipping down in the list because they are becoming relatively cheaper as the dollar becomes slightly weaker," Mr. Ridgers said.New York City has dropped out of the top 10, and now ranks as the 13th costliest city. Latin American cities also have slipped down the ranks amid persistent economic turmoil in the region.Mexico City is in 56th place and Sao Paulo is 120th, just fourth from the bottom of the list. Tehran remains the world's cheapest city, with a cost of living less than one-quarter that of Tokyo. The Economist team checks prices of a wide range of items, from bread and milk to cars and utilities, to compile the semi-annual cost of living report.Business clients use the service to calculate the amount of allowances granted to overseas executives and their families.。

Unit 3Part ID. warmer/ green house effect/ sea levels/climate zonesAs 1998 ends and people look forward to the last year of the century, the World Almanac spoke with experts about what comes next. Almanac editorial director says the experts believe the next century will bring lots of changes.Warm, of course, that our climate is going to continue getting warmer. That’s the subject, by the way, of another new article on the 1999 World Almanac. The greenhouse effect, exactly what causes it, and what steps to be taken to, perhaps to alleviate global warmings. I’ve seen recently that 1998 is going to go down as the warmest year ever on record. And so that’s going to be a major issue of the next century, and possible tremendous consequences of the global warmings, whether it is rising sea levels affecting th coastal areas; changes in climate zones affecting what crops can be grown, and in what regions. This is potentially a very significant trend to be watched.E. Cyclone: North or south of equator/Typhoon:/Hurricane: Eastern PacificMajor ocean storms in the northern part of the world usually develop in late summer or autumn over waters near the equator. They are known by several different names. Scientists call these storms cyclones when they happen just north or south of the equator in the Indian Ocean. In the western Pacific Ocean or the China Sea, these storms are called typhoons. In the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, they are called hurricanes.Part IIA. Outline1. A. weather pattern/global climateB. 1. twice a decade2. 12-18 monthsC. 1. warmer weather/2. wetter than usual/ drierD. the decline of windsII. 1. droughtsB. a cyclic weather pattern/ about twice a decade/ wetter/drier/ cold water away from South America’s west/ to expand eastwa rd toward the America’s / move eastward too/ the weatherarond the world/ droughts/ rains and flooding/ on the South American fishing industry/ tobecome depletive/ the strength of it/Satellite readings confirm that conditions are right for another El Nino, a cyclic weatherpattern that affects the global climate.El Nino’s normally show up about twice a decade and it lasts about 12 to 18 months,bringing warmer weather to parts of the earth. Some regions become wetter than usual,others drier. The El Nino, which began in 1991 has lingered through this year. Althoughseveral years might have been expected to pass before the next one, an American-Frenchsatellite observing the oceans has found a sign that El Nino may come back quicker thanexpected.These kinds of things still happen. This is Brig Jacker, an oceanographer of the US NavalResearch Laboratory in Mississippi.Every year is unpredictable. One year might be El Nino year, one year might not. GenerallyEl Nino’s come in four year cycles. But there’s nothing to say that you can’t have twoEl Nino years in a row.El Nino’s begin with the decline of winds pulling cold water away from South America’swest coast to around the equator. This allows warm water in the western Pacific Ocean toexpand eastward toward the America’s. At the same time, the clouds and rain over the warmwater move eastward too. Radar aboard the American-French satellite detected the hint thatsuch water movement began in early August and reached South America two months later. Itsaw a ripple called a “Calvin wave” moving slowly eastward. Such pulses sometimes give rise to El Nino conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific.El Nino’s can change the weather around the world, but how much d epends on its strength. Astrong one in 1982 and 1983 has been linked to droughts in Australia and Indonesia, rainsand flooding in South America, and unseasonably in 1991 has caused trouble. It has beenassociated with devastating floods in the US southeast last year and in the US Midwest thisyear. El Nino’s are hard on the South American fishing industry. The warm waters preventnutrients rich cold water from rising to the surface, causing fish stocks to becomedepletive. Mr. Jacker said a new El Nino apparently would be mild but he is not betting onit yet.The US Naval oceanographer says predictions are difficult because the strength of El Ninodepends on how winds affect the Calvin wave that has moved across the Pacific.Part III Lick ObservatoryB. location: an hour’s drive/ summit/Origin of the name: a wealthy businessmanSize: one meter diameter/ secondTime: 1888Present function: research/ an educational toolC. way of observation: human eyes;in the cold/TV screenGains and losses: Romance/ the sky/ efficiency/ reality/ universeQuestions:Because lick Observatory is near “Silicon Valley”, a region of the states high-technology.Because Lick Observatory was built on his estate and he was buried at the base of thetelescope at this won request.By using the 19th century telescope, you have a feeling of romance with direct viewing withthe human eyes. By sing the modern devices, you lose that romance but gain the efficiency.That’s an exchange.It’s about an hour’s drive from the outskirts of San Jose, California, near the upperside of the state’s high-technology region known as Silicon Valley. As a visitor drives upthe narrow winding road past red flowers, and eucalyptus trees, one of the first twos eismographic stations in the world, it’s almost a surprise to glimpsethe largest dome ofLick Observatory’s eight telescopes. Overlooking the world of computer age manufacturingare telescopes from the turn of the century which help shape our understanding of theuniverse.The huge dome, housing Lick Observatory’s giant, one meter wide reflecting telescope, isone of the few instruments in motion this morning on Mount Hamilton. At the 1260-metersummit of Mount Hamilton is a small village of 55 permanent residents, some of themstudents in a one-room school house. But most at the research complex are visitingastronomers catching their first hours of sleep in an old dormitory after a night’s workat the telescopes. Reminton Stone, director of operations at Lick Observatory has worked atthe top of Mount Hamilton for three decades. Now a part of the University of California,Lick Observatory got its name from a welthy businessman who never studied astronomy as MR.Stone explains: “Andh e came to San Francisco, just before the gold rush and he made a hugeamount of money on real estate. When he died, he specified that some portion of his estateshould be used to build the largest and most powerful telescope yet made and which was a 36inch at that time. And at his own request he is buried at the base of thetelescope. Sothis s a memorial to himself.”The telescope with its ode-meter-diameter reflecting lens was the largest telescope in theworld for seven years following its c ompletion in 1888. and today, its’ still the secondlargest telescope of its kind. Although the one meter reflecting telescope is still usedfor some research, its hard to adapt today’s electronic instruments to the old historictelescope. Now, it is used mostly as an educational tool for teachers and the thousands ofvisitors who come each year. While the other telescopes at Lick Observatory are connectedto electronic imagine devices that allow the astronomers to view celestial objects ontelevision screens, the 19th century telescope allows direct viewing with the human eye. It’s one of the few giant telescopes in the world tht still requires some users to sit outin the cold under the dark sky and the dome. That brings a feeling of nostalgia to RemintonStone.I really do miss being able to see the sky, and seeing these wonderful data appear in thecomputer screen is really nice, but it’s very divorced from the reality, from theuniverse. I miss a lot being in a dark place in these fields to look up to see the stars.We go out every now and then if we are working at…, we’re at the control room, we do goout to keep track of the skies, where the clouds are, and so forth, but one loses theromance and one gains greatly the effic iency. It’s a trade-off.Astronomer Reminton Stone, who manages the Lick Observatory complex at the top of mountHamilton, California.Part IV. The national climatic DataCenter.OutlineI. A. 1951B. headquartersC. satellites, radar, solar radiation system, airplanes, shipsII. B. collecting weather records from around the worldD. publications about earthenvironment. E. requests fro information from all over the world.questions.The Department of Defense, the National Weather Service, the coastguardThe office has written weather observations made by early American diplomat BenjaminFranklin and by the third President of the U.S.You can get the information by computer, microfilm and telephoneAmerican cities. Another publication has monthly reports from 1500 observation stationsaround the world.The center had more than 900,000 requests from government officials, business owners,weather researchers and the general public last year.More and more people need to know about the weather. Anyone wanting information about pastweather conditions can turn to a center supported by the United States government.The National Climatic Data Center reportedly has the world’s largest active collection ofweather information. The National Climatic Data Center or NCDC was formed in 1951. it wasestablished as a record center for America’s Department of Commerce. Its headquarters isin the southern city of Asheville, North Carolina.The NCDC collects weather records gathered by a number of weather observers and the UntiedStates government agencies. The Department of Defense, the National Weather Service and thecoastguard are among those providing weather information. The center also collects weatherrecords from around the world. Some information held by the NCDC is only a few hours old.Other records are a lot older. For example, the office has written weather observationsmade by early American diplomat Benjamin Franklin and by the third President of the UnitedStates Thomas Jefferson.Today modern scientific equipment including satellites, radar and solar radiation systemshelp people learn about the weather. Information collected by airplanesand ships also isused. The NCDC organizes this information and helps prepare it for publication and otheruses. The center assists in the production of written records, weather maps and pictures.The information also is shared by computer, microfilm and telephone. The NCDC producesseveral publications about earth environment. One has monthly and yearly records aboutweather conditions in about 270 American cities. Another publication has monthly reportsfrom 1500 observation stations around the world. It also has information from about 800pper air stations which measure weather conditions at all levels of the atmosphere. TheNational Climatic Data Center receives requests for information from all over the world.Last year the center reportedly had more than 900,000 requests from government officials,business owners, weather researchers and the general public.Part VDo you know…?Meaning: little girlTime: the western coast of South America / The Pacific coast of Peru and EcuadorTime: winter monthsDuration: one to two years.Evidence: the eastern Pacific oceanImpacts: those of EL Nino/ drier than normal and others wetter.Scientists say the weather event known as El Nino is ending. Scientific instruments haveshown that the Pacific Ocean waters warmed by El Nino are becoming cooler. Many weatherexperts are expecting the change in ocean temperatures to lead to conditions known as LaNina. El Nino means the little boy in the Spanish language, La Nina means the little girl.La Nina develops when winds near the western coast of South America strengthen. This causescold air to form near the Pacific coast of Peru and Ecuador. Unusually low watertemperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean are evidence of La Nina. Ocean surface temperatures there drop almost 4 degrees. La Nina is strongest during winter months in the northern part of the world. It usually lasts one to two years. La Nina’s effects can be just as severe as those of EL Nino.Recently weather experts met in Colorado to exchange their findings about La Nina. The National Center for Atmospheric Research organized the conference. The experts agreed that the colder Pacific Ocean waters might influence weather conditions around the world. La Nina could make some places drier than normal and others wetter. Some reports presented at the conference said Southeast Asia is likely to receive a lot of rain during the present la Nina, so could South America, Central America and Africa. The northwestern part of Canada and the United States could be wetter than normal. The studies found that the southern untied States could be warmer and drier and more severe storms are possible in the western Atlantic Ocean.。

Listenthisway听力教程第二册unit1原文Unit 1 Under the Same Roof Part II A birthday present Tape script John: It's super, Mary. It's just what I wanted. Mary: Well, I know you said your old calculator was no good any more. John: Well, it wasn't that it was no good. It just wouldn't do all the things I need to do at work. And it certainly wouldn't remember telephone numbers for me like this one. Mary: I suppose you're going to start putting in numbers straightaway. John: I've put in one while we've been chatting. I've put in our solicitor 's number. You know how often I need to call him on company contracts. Mary: So what others are you going to put in? John: Well, number one. Accountant , I think. Mary: The company's accountant? John: Yes. Now just let me put in the number. That's it. Mary: And number two, the bank. John: OK. Bank. Now, that's 345674. Oh...And number 3, the doctor. Mary: Yes. His number's er, let me think. 76763. And then the dentist, of course. John: What's that? Number 4, isn't it? Dentist. Mary: Yes, the number's 239023. I remember, because I rang yesterday about Robbie's appointment. John: That's fine. And now -- the garage . 757412. Mary: And then how about the station number? You're always hunting around for that in a panic. John: Yes, you're right. What is the number anyway? Mary: Oh, I can't remember. I'll just look it up in the telephone directory . John: All right. Now, number 7, the flower shop, I think. Yes, florist. And that's 989024. Oh, I mustn't forget the new London office number. So that's number 8, new London office. Mary: John, here's the station number. 546534. John: 546534. Thanks. Now that was number 6 on my list. Mary: How far have you got now? John: Well, I've added a couple more. The next one will be 9. Mary: What about Bill and Sue ? John: No, I can alwaysremember their number. But I always have to look up John and Jane's number. What is it? Mary: John and Jane ... John and Jane (I)know,21463. John: OK, 21463. John and Jane. And one more perhaps? Mary: The hairdresser? John: Why do I need the hairdresser's number? No, I thought this was my pocket calculator. Oh, I tell you one number we do need quite often -- the sports club ! Mary: the sport club! John: Great minds think alike! OK, number 10. Sports club. And that's –Mary: 675645. Mary: 675645. Well that's enough for the moment. I think. Now, as it's my birthday, what about taking me out for a meal ? Mary: I don't think I can remember the telephone number of our favorite restaurant. Part III. Family life then and now Tape script:Josephine: We did feel far more stability in our lives, because you see…in these days I think there's always a concern that families will separate or something, but in those days nobody expected the families to separate . Gertrude: Of course there may have been smoking, drinking and drug-taking years ago, but it was all kept very quiet, nobody knew anything about it. But these days there really isn't the family life that we used to have. The children seem todo more as they like whether they know it's right or wrong. Oh, things are very different I think. Question: What was your parents' role in family life? Josephine: Well, my mother actually didn't do a tremendous amount in the house , but she did do a great deal of work outside and she was very interested, for example, in the Nursing Association collecting money for it. We had somebody who looked after us and then we also had someone who did the cleaning. Gertrude: Well, we lived in a flat, we only had three rooms and a bathroom. Father worked on the railway at Victoria Station and my mother didn't work obviously.My father's wage I think was about two pound a week and I suppose our rent was about twelve shillings a week, you know aw rent was – I'm going back a good many years. We didn't have an easy life , you know, and I think that's why my mother went out so much with her friends. It was a relief for her, you know really. Question: Did you have a close relationship with your parents? Josephine: In a sense I would say not very close but we, at that time, didn't feel that way, we didn't think about it very much I don't think . I think today people are much closer to their parents and talk about everything, which we didn't. Then, of course, we used to play a lot of games, because we didn't have a television or even a radio and we would play games in the evenings rather than have conversation, I think. Question: Was there more discipline in families in those days? Josephine: Oh yeas, I do think so, yes. We were much more disciplined and we went about as a family and it wasn't until I was probably about 18 before I would actually go out with any friends of my own. Statements: • 70years ago young people often smoked and drank in front of others. • Apart from a great deal of work outside, Josephine's mother also looked after her children and did the cleaning in the house. • Gertrude's father earned two pounds a week. • Gertrude's family had to pay ten shillings a week for their flat. • Young people seventy years ago deeply felt that they did not have a very close relationship with their pare nts. • Nowadays people are much closer to their parents and talk about everything to them. Part V. Memory test: Brother and Sisters 1. b 2. d 3. a 4.c 5. b 6. b Tape script:Woman: Well, my brother was six years younger than I, and er, I think that when he was little I was quite jealous of him. I remember he had beautiful red curls (mm)…my mother used to coo over him. One day a friend and I played, erm,barber shop, and erm, my mother must have been away, she must have been in the kitchen or something (mm) and we got these scissors and sat my brother down and kept him quiet and (strapped him down)… That's right, and cut off all his curls, you see. And my mother was so upset, and in fact it's the first…I think it's one of the few times I've ever seen my father really angry. Man: What happened to you? Woman: Oh…I was sen t to my room fro a whole week you know, it was terrible. Man: But was that the sort of pattern, weren't you close to your brother at all? Woman: Well as I grew older I think that er I just ignored him… Man: What about … you've got an older brother too, did … were they close, the two brothers? Woman: No, no my brother's just a couple of years older than I … so the two of us were closer and we thought we were bother very grown up and he was just a … a kid… so we deliberately, I think, kind of ignored him. And then I left, I left home when he was only still a schoolboy, he was only fifteen (mm) and I went to live in England and he eventually went to live in Brazil and I really did lose contact with him for a long time. Man: What was he doing down there? Woman: Well, he was a travel agent, so he went down there to work … And, erm, I didn't, I can't even remember, erm sending a card, even, when he got married. But I re…I do remember that later on my mo ther was showing me pictures of his wedding, ‘cause my mother and father went down there to the wedding, and er, there was this guy on the photos with a beard and glasses, and I said, “Oh, who's this then?” ‘cause I thought it was the bride's brother or so mething like them (mm) … and my mother said frostily, “That … is your brother!” (laughter) Questions for memory test: • According to the passage, how many brothers does the lady have? • When the sister saw her mother coo over her youngbrother how did she feel? • What's her father's reaction when he got to know that the sister had cut off her younger brother's hair? • How old was her younger brother when she left home? • Where did her brother eventually live? • Who was the buy on the photos with a beard and glasses? [NoPage]。

Lisen this way. Book Two.Unit 1 Under the Same RoofPart Ⅰ Getting ready.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listencarefully and study the definitions.1. kindergarten:2. nursery school:3. kid:4. stability:5. discipline6. divorce:7. care for:8. coo:9. wedding.10. bride:B You are going to hear some people talking about pictures of their families. Listen carefully and identify which one of the following pictures each person is talking about.Number 1 This is my family. I'm married. My husband's name is Bill. We have two children — a boy and a girl. Our little girl is six years old, and our little boy is four. Jennie goes to kindergarten, and Aaron goes to nursery school. My father lives with us. Grandpa's great with the kids. He loves playing with them and taking them to the park or the zoo.Numberer 2 This is a picture of me and my three sons. We're at a soccer game. Orlando is twelve, Louis is ten, and Carlos is nine. All three of them really like sports. Orlando and Louis play baseball. Carlos is into skating.Number 3 This is my wife June, and these are my three children. Terri on the right is the oldest. She's in high school. She's very involved in music. She's in the orchestra. Rachel —she's the one in the middle —is twelve now. And this is my son Peter. He's one year older than Rachel. Rachel and Peter are both in junior high school. Time really flies. June and I have been married for twenty years now.Number 4 This is a picture of me with my three kids. The girls, Jill and Anne, are both in high school. This is Jill on the right. She'll graduate next year. Anne is two years younger. My son Dan is in college. It seems like the kids are never home. I see them for dinner and sometimes on Saturday mornings, but that's aboutit. They're really busy and have a lot of friends.PartⅡQ: Parent Link is an organization that looks at the problemsthat parents and children face. Its director, Tim Kahn, told usabout the changing roles of parents and children.T: The authoritarian model was one in which the child had no rights and I guess in the 60s and parents the 70s many people rejectedthat and we had the sort of the permissive era — the age wheremany parents felt they had allow their children to do whatever theywanted to do and so in a sense the roles were reversed and it wasthe children who were the bosses and the parents who ran aroundbehind them. The ideas that we offer to parents are kind of a thirdposition in which we’re looking at equal, where parents andchildren are different but equal.Q: What about changes in the male-female roles?T: Society has changed a lot. As well as technology leading to great changes, people’s roles have changed very much, in particular thewomen’s movement has very much questioned the role of women andled many women to demand a freer choice about who they are and howthey can be. There’s a lot of frustration with how men haven’tchanged, and it seems to me that the more the frustration isexpressed the more stuck in and being the same men are and we neededto find ways of appreciating men for the amount of work that theyhave to do in being bread-winners and providers for families andappreciating the efforts men are making to be more involved withtheir children.Q: Are there any changes you would like to see in the attitude to family life in Britain?T: In the past there were arranged marriages and I wonder if part of having an arranged marriage is knowing that you have to work atit to create the love and that now people are getting married outof love and there’s a kind of feeling that your love is there andit will stay there for ever and we don’t have to work at it andwhen it gets tricky we don’t know how to work at it and so we optout. I think helping people learn to work at their relationshipsto make their relationship work be a significant thing that I’dlike to see happening.Part III Family life then and nowJosephine Davies and Gertrude Smith, two members of the older generation, are talking about their childhood in Britain 70 years ago.A Now listen to the following conversation. While listening for the first time, add more key words in the left-hand column. After the second listening, answer the questions.Josephine: We did feel far more stability in our lives, because you see ...in these days I think there's always a concern that families will separateor something, but in those days nobody expected the families to separate.Gertrude: Of course there may have been smoking, drinking and drug-taking years ago, but it was all kept very quiet, nobody knew anything about it. But these days there really isn't the family life that we used to have. The children seem to do more as they like whether they know it's right or wrong. Oh, things are very different I think.Question: What was your parents' role in family life?Josephine: Well, my mother actually didn't do a tremendous amount in the house, but she did do a great deal of work outside and she was very interested, for example, in the Nursing Association collecting money for it. We had somebody who looked after us and then we also had someone who did the cleaning.Gertrude: Well, we lived in a flat, we only had three rooms and a bathroom. Father worked on the railway at Victoria Station and my mother didn't work, obviously. My father's wage I think was about two pounds a weekand I suppose our rent was about twelve shillings a week, you know as rent was - I'm going back a good many years. We didn't have an easy life, you know and I think that's why my mother went out so much with her friends. It was a relief for her, you know really.Question: Did you have a close relationship with your parents?Josephine: In a sense I would say not very close but we, at that time, didn't feel that way, we didn't think about it very much I don't think.I think today people are much closer to their parents and talk about everything, which we didn't. Then, of course, we used to play a lot of games, because we didn't have a television or even a radio and we would play games in the evenings rather than have conversation, I think.Question: Was there more discipline in families in those days?Josephine: Oh yes, I do think so, yes. We were much more disciplined and we went about as a family and it wasn't until I was probably about 18 before I would actually go out with any friends of my own.B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the conversation and decide whether the statements after the conversation are True or False. Put "T" or "F" in the brackets.Josephine: We did feel far more stability in our lives, because you see ... in these days I think there's always a concern that families will separate or something, but in those days nobody expected the families to separate.Gertrude: Of course there may have been smoking, drinking and drug-taking years ago, but it was all kept very quiet, nobody knew anything about it. But these days there really isn't the family life that we used to have. The children seem to do more as they like whether they know it's right or wrong. Oh, things are very different I think.Question: What was your parents' role in family life?Josephine: Well, my mother actually didn't do a tremendous amount in the house, but she did do a great deal of work outside and she was very interested, for example, in the Nursing Association collecting money for it. We had somebody who looked after us and then we also had someone who did the cleaning.Gertrude: Well, we lived in a flat, we only had three rooms and a bathroom. Father worked on the railway at Victoria Station and my mother didn'twork, obviously. My father's wage I think was about two pounds a week and I suppose our rent was about twelve shillings a week, you know as rent was - I'm going back a good many years. We didn't have an easy life, you know and I think that's why my mother went out so much with her friends.It was a relief for her, you know really.Question: Did you have a close relationship with your parents?Josephine: In a sense I would say not very close but we, at that time, didn't feel that way, we didn't think about it very much I don't think.I think today people are much closer to their parents and talk about everything, which we didn't. Then, of course, we used to play a lot of games, because we didn't have a television or even a radio and we would play games in the evenings rather than have conversation, I think.Question: Was there more discipline in families in those days?Josephine: Oh yes, I do think so, yes. We were much more disciplined and we went about as a family and it wasn't until I was probably about 18 before I would actually go out with any friends of my own.Statements:1. Seventy years ago young people often smoked and drank in front of others.2. Apart from a great deal of work outside, Josephine's mother also looked after her children and did the cleaning in the house.3. Gertrude's father earned two pounds a week.4. Gertrude's family had to pay ten shillings a week for their flat.5. Young people seventy years ago deeply felt that they did not have a very close relationship with their parents.6. Nowadays people are much closer to their parents and talk about everything to them.Part Ⅳ More about the topic: Father's DayThe following passage is about the father's role in the family. Supply the missing words while listening.Father is a very formal word today. Most people use the word "Dad" or"Daddy" instead. On Father's Day children might take their dad out for a meal. They might send him a greeting card or call on the telephone, or they might buy him a present.Not all children however will see or speak with their dad on Father's Day. Studies say about 24% of American children live in a family without a father. This is three times more than in 1960. Back then only 8% of children lived in a family without a father.One reason is the increasing children born to women who are not married. Studies show the children growing up without a father are more likely to be poor. They are more likely to leave school before completing their education, and they are more likely to become involved in crime or illegal drugs.Another reason for the large number of American families without fathers is the increasing of the number of people who have ended their marriage. The divorce rate in the US has increased sharply in recent years. Today more than 50% of all marriages end in divorce. In 1960 the rate was only 6%. After a divorce, a judge decides which parent will care for the children. In about 70% of cases, the judge decides that the children will live with their mother. In about 8% of the cases, children live with their father after a divorce and in about 15% of the cases children live with each parent at different times.The image of fathers in America has changed especially since the 1960s. Before then, many people felt that fathers were not supposed to become involved with their children or to show love for them. This was not a part of a father's image as a strong and emotional man. Fathers were the leaders of the family. They earned the money. They made the rules. They punished the children when they were bad. Back then fathers did not always spend a lot of time with their children. Most mothers stayed at home to care for them. They also did all the shopping, cleaning and cooking.During the 1960s and 1970s, however, more American women began to work outside the home. As a result, more and more fathers became interested in taking care of their children and helping their wife. Yet, most studies today show that women still spend more time caring for their children and doing housework. This is true even if the wife works and earns the same amount of money as her husband.Several studies show that fathers who are involved with their children are usually more happy and in better health than fathers who are not involved. So celebrating fatherhood is important for men not only onFather's Day but throughout the year.Part Ⅴ Memory test: Brothers and SistersYou are going to hear a young lady talking about the relationship between brothers and sisters. After that several questions will be asked. Find the right answers as quickly a possible according to the notes you have taken while listening.Woman: Well, my brother was six years younger than I, and er, I think that when he was little I was quite jealous of him. I remember he had beautiful red curls (mm) ... my mother used to coo over him. One day a friend and I played, erm, barber shop, and, erm, my mother must have been away, she must have been in the kitchen or something (mm) and we got these scissors and sat my brother down and kept him quiet and (strapped him down) ... That's right, and cut off all his curls, you see. And my mother just was so upset, and in fact it's the first ... I think it’s one of the few times I've ever seen my father really angry.Man: What happened to you?Woman: Oh ... I was sent to my room for a whole week you know, it was terrible.Man But was that the sort of pattern, weren't you close to your brother at all?Woman: Well as I grew older I think that er I just ignored him ...Man: What about ... you've got an older brother too, did ... were they close, the two brothers?Woman: No, no my brother's just a couple of years older than I ... so the two of us were closer and we thought we were both very grown up and he was just a ... a kid ... so we deliberately, I think, kind of ignored him. And then I left, I left home when he was only still a schoolboy, he was only fifteen (mm) and I went to live in England and he eventually went to live in Brazil and I really did lose contact with him for a long time.Man: What was he doing down there?Woman: Well, he was a travel agent, so he went down there to work ... And, erm, I didn't, I can't even remember, erm sending a card, even, whenhe got married. But I re ... I do remember that later on my mother was showing me pictures of his wedding, 'cause my mother and father went down there (uh huh) to the wedding, and er, there was this guy on the photos with a beard and glasses, and I said, "Oh, who's this then?" 'cause I thought it was the bride's brother or something like this (mm) ... and my mother said frostily, "That ... is your brother!" (laughter)Questions for memory test:1. According to the passage, how many brothers does the lady have?2. When the sister saw her mother coo over her younger brother, how did she feel?3. What's her father's reaction when he got to know that the sister had cut off her younger brother's hair?4. How old was her younger brother when she left home?5. Where did her brother eventually live?6. Who was the guy on the photos with a beard and glasses?Unit 2Part IBWhen parents make a lot of rules about their children's behavior, they make trouble for themselves. I used to spend half my time making sure my rules were obeyed, and the other half answering questions like “Jake can get up whenever he like, so why can’t I?"or “Why can't I plays with Angela?"Jack's mum doesn't mind who he plays with"or"Jack can drink anything he likes. Why can't I drink wine too?"Jack's mum, I decided was a wise wom an. I started saying things like “Of course, dear. You can drink as much wine as you like” and "No, I don't mind how late you get up”and "Yes,dear,you can play with Angela as often as you like."The reault have been marvelous. They don't want to get up late any more, they’ve decided they don't like wine, and, most important, they’ve stopped playing with Angela. I’ve now realized(as Jack's mum realizeda long time ago)that they only wanted to do all these nasty things because they weren't allow to.Part II Radio phone-inRadio presenter: Good afternoon. And welcome to our midweek phone-in. In today's program we're going to concentrate on personal problems. And here with me in the studio I've got Tessa Colbeck, who writes the agony column in Flash magazine, and Doctor Maurice Rex, Student Medical Adviser at the University of Norfolk. The number to ring with your problem is 01, if you're outside London, two two two, two one two two. And we have our first caller on the line, and it's Rosemary, I think, er calling from Manchester. Hello Rosemary.Rosemary: Hello.Radio presenter: How can we help you, Rosemary?Rosemary: Well, it's my dad. He won't let me stay out after ten o'clock at night and all my friends can stay out much longer than that. I always have t o go home first. It's really embarrassing …Tessa: Hello, Rosemary, love. Rosemary, how old are you dear? Rosemary: I'm fifteen in two month's time.Tessa: And where do you go at night — when you go out?Rosemary: Just to my friend's house, usually. But everyone else can stay there much later than me. I have to leave at about quarter to ten.Tessa: And does this friend of yours … does she live near you? Rosemary: It takes about ten minutes to walk from her house to ours. Tessa: I see. You live in Bri ghton, wasn't it? Well, Brighton's …Rosemary: No. Manchester … I live in Manchester.Tessa: Oh. I'm sorry, love. I'm getting mixed up. Yes, well Manchester's quite a rough city, isn't it? I mean, your dad …Rosemary: No. Not really. Not where we live it isn't. I don't live inthe City Center or anything like that. And Christine's house is in a very quiet part.Tessa: Christine. That's your friend, is it?Rosemary: Yeah. That's right. I mean, I know my dad gets worried but it's perfectly safe.Maurice: Rosemary. Have you talked about this with your dad?Rosemary: No. He just shouts and then he says he won't let me go out at all if I can't come home on time.Maurice: Why don't you just try to sit down quietly with your dad —sometime when he's relaxed - and just have a quiet chat about it? He'll probably explain why he worries about you. It isn't always safe for young girls to go out at night.Tessa: Yes. And maybe you could persuade him to come and pick you up from Christine's house once or twice.Rosemary: Yes. I don't think he'll agree to that, but I'll talk to him about it. Thanks.Part II Radio phone-inRadio presenter: Good afternoon. And welcome to our midweek phone-in. In today's program we're going to concentrate on personal problems. And here with me in the studio I've got Tessa Colbeck, who writes the agony column in Flash magazine, and Doctor Maurice Rex, Student Medical Adviser at the University of Norfolk. The number to ring with your problem is 01, if you're outside London, two two two, two one two two. And we have our first caller on the line, and it's Rosemary, I think, er calling from Manchester. Hello Rosemary.Rosemary: Hello.Radio presenter: How can we help you, Rosemary?Rosemary: Well, it's my dad. He won't let me stay out after ten o'clock at night and all my friends can stay out much longer than that. I always have to go home first. It's really embarrassing …Tessa: Hello, Rosemary, love. Rosemary, how old are you dear?Rosemary: I'm fifteen in two month's time.Tessa: And where do you go at night — when you go out?Rosemary: Just to my friend's house, usually. But everyone else can stay there much later than me. I have to leave at about quarter to ten.Tessa: And does this friend of yours … does she live near you?Rosemary: It takes about ten minutes to walk from her house to ours.Tessa: I see. You live in Brighton, wasn't it? Well, Brighton's …Rosemary: No. Manchester … I live in Manchester.Tessa: Oh. I'm sorry, love. I'm getting mixed up. Yes, well Manchester's quite a rough city, isn't it? I mean, your dad …Rosemary: No. Not really. Not where we live it isn't. I don't live in the City Center or anything like that. And Christine's house is in a very quiet part.Tessa: Christine. That's your friend, is it?Rosemary: Yeah. That's right. I mean, I know my dad gets worried but it's perfectly safe.Maurice: Rosemary. Have you talked about this with your dad?Rosemary: No. He just shouts and then he says he won't let me go out at all if I can't come home on time.Maurice: Why don't you just try to sit down quietly with your dad —sometime when he's relaxed - and just have a quiet chat about it? He'll probably explain why he worries about you. It isn't always safe for young girls to go out at night.Tessa: Yes. And maybe you could persuade him to come and pick you up from Christine's house once or twice.Rosemary: Yes. I don't think he'll agree to that, but I'll talk to him about it. Thanks.Part Ⅲ Family discipline1. Discipline needs to be there in a certain amount but too much of it can be a bad thing I think and I certainly do get too much of it occasionally.2. I think talking to them, trying to explain why you're upset, what it is they have done wrong is better than hitting them, because if you hit them, they learn to hit other things, other people, you, and I don't think that is a solution to anything.3. My experience as, as, as a mother now is you can, you can talk witha child very much and, and the child is going to understand much more than you believe, even if it is a one-year-old or two-years-old child. And I think it's um it's a very bad thing punishing children, because it remains being er an awfully er dark experience, and so it was it for me too, because when I'm thinking about my parents I can't help thinking about these days where they punished me.4. I wouldn't be as strict as my dad was, definitely not, cos （because 的缩写）I don't think that works. That only makes you rebel.5. Well, there's smacking and smacking. I don't at all agree with beatinga child, but I do think sometimes a quick, short smack on the hand or arm is better than a long drawn-out moan. It's quick and the child understands it.6. I can't really defend it when I, when I hit my child, I don't do it often but something about it makes me think that it's not … a terrible thing to do. I mean, what are the alternatives? You can shout at your child, you can try to sit down and reason with your child, which is incredibly difficult if you're trying to talk to a two-year-old. Or what else can you do? You can send them out of the room, you can send them up to their room, you cannot let them … have any pudding for the dinner, or something, but I mean to me a little spank, to me it's quick, it's honest, it's physical, but having said all that I still try not to do it.PartⅣ填空题不传原文PartⅤA.Louisa: She doesn’t let me watch that much TV after school, which is really annoying because most of my friends watch Home and Away and Neighbors but I only get to watch one of them. I sometimes don’t — I mean I think that’s really unfair so sometimes I just watch both anyway.Mother: First and foremost, Louisa watches a fair amount of television whether she thinks she’s deprived or not, she must watch at least 45 minutes per day. And when I’m not around you know I know the child sneaks in a fair amount more than that. So she gets in a fair amount of television, certainly on the weekends. But I am of the opinion that television, very very very few programs will teach them anything. And I think when a child is under your care for 18 years i t’s the parents’ responsibility to make sure that the input is of value, and I don’t think television, much television is of any value at all, I think reading a book and doing her piano lessons are far more valuable than watching crummy American soap operas.Questions for memory test:1. How many TV plays are mentioned?2. For how long a time does Louisa watch TV per day?3. Does Louisa try to get more time to watch TV?4. Which activities does Louisa’s mother think are far more valuable?B. My parents gave me a lot of free time. After dinner, during the week when I was say even 15 years old they would let me go out until ten o’clock and they would never ask where I went. I would smoke cigarettes and drink beer, at 15 years old I would hang out in the ... in the local pubs and these were type of things that I don’t think were too good for me at that time. I think my parents should have, you know, maybe at least showed an interest as to where I was going. They never even asked where I was going and they, they gave me a lot of free time, and I think that they, they felt that this was a thing that was being a good parent. But I think that teenagers are very native, and I was as a teenager very native, and I think I could have used a little more direction from them. These days a lot of parents think they should be lenient with their children, they should let them grow and experience on their own. And I think that’s what my parents were doing, I think there’s a Biblical saying”Spare the rod, spoil the child” and I think that really applies. And I think you need to direct especially young people. They can be thrown into such a harsh world, especially if you live in a city. I lived in a very small village and it was still a rough crowd that I found in that village. And my parent never asked questions, and if they only knew they would be shocked.Statements:1. When the boy was 15 years old, he could stay out until ten o’clock.2. At the age of 15, the boy was not allowed to smoke cigarettes or drink beer.3. The boy thought his parents were very good because they gave him a lot of free time.4. The boy lived in a very crowd city.Unit 4 Going to School (Ⅰ)Part Ⅰ Getting readyA The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. counselor:2. make the grade:3. quit:4. term:5. concentrate:6. intelligent:7. go to pieces:8. strict:9. requirement:10. goody-goody:B A school counselor in a high school is trying to understand exactly what Sam's problem is. Listen to their conversation and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Put "T" or "F" in the brackets.Sam: I won't be able to do the exam tomorrow. I just don't feel that I'm ready.Counselor: You say that you don't feel ready for tomorrow's exam ... what do you feel like right now?Sam: Well, I'm angry with myself because I'm going to have to quit the exam and, well, I guess I'm anxious. Yes, I feel very anxious.Counselor: When you think about this anxiety, what image do you have ofyourself?Sam: Well, I see myself trying to explain to my Dad why I didn't make the grade on this course ... and I see him getting angry ... and, well, I start to feel I've let him down again.Counselor: You don't feel ready for your exam, you feel anxious and you don't want to let your Dad down again. Tell me about the last time you let your Dad down.Sam: Oh, well, it was a year ago ... He'd entered me for a chess competition and I got knocked out in the first match ... he was angry because he'd told all his friends how good I was.Counselor: What did you tell him ... as an explanation when you lost the chess game?Sam: I told him that I wasn't ready to play in that league.Counselor: And now you are preparing to tell him that you're not ready to sit this examination?Sam: Yes, I suppose I am.Counselor: O.K. Sam, so what you are saying to me is that you feel reluctant to take the exam tomorrow because you do not like the thought of having to explain a poor grade or a failure to your father. Is that right, Sam?Sam: Yes. That's exactly it.C You are going to hear Mr. and Mrs. Thompson discussing their daughter's work in Parkway Secondary School with her class teacher. Listen carefully. Fill in the missing comments and information on the school report form. Write only one word for each blank.Mrs. Daniels: Oh, hello, you must be Tracey's parents?Mr. Thompson: Er, yes. Are you her class teacher, Mrs. Daniels?Mrs. Daniels: Yes, that's right. Now, just let me find my notes. As you know I don't actually teach Tracey, but I do see her every day before classes begin. Is there anything you want to ask me?。

UNIT 2 Clear or CloudyPart I Getting readyA:pointhumiditypressurescatteredsnapB.freezing point of water is 0 or 32boiling point of water is 100 or 212normal body temperature is 37 ortemperature on a warm spring day is 15 or 59temperature on a hot summer day is 35 or 95C:This is NYBA. We'll report on weather around the world. Here in New York, it's 7:10. the temperature is a warm 30 degrees. The sun is shining. In Auckland, New Zealand, it’s 11:10, it's cloudy, and the temperature is a cool 7 degrees Centigrade. In Beijing, the time is 7:10 in the evening, it’s clear and the temperature is 19 degrees. The time While in Calcutta is 4:40 . It’s raining in Calcutta, but it's not cold. The temperature is 33 degrees. Honolulu time is 1:00 . It’s warm and windy. The temperature now is 30 degrees. Melbourne, Australia time now is9:10 . it's clear and the temperature is 10 degrees Centigrade. In Mexico City, it’s 5:10 in the morning, it’s raining in Mexico City. The temperature at 5:10 is 24 degrees. The time now in Moscow is 2:10 . It’s a sunny 26 degrees. Paris time is 12:10 in the afternoon. The sky is clear and it's 27 degrees. In San Francisco, the time now is 3:10 in the morning. Skies are cloudy and the temperature is 21 degrees. Sao Paulo, Brazil time now is 8:10 . it's raining in Sao Paulo. the temperature is 14 degrees.Part II A weather reportNow the weather report. It’ll be mainly clear. In the day the high will be 15 degrees. At six o'clock the temperature was 8 degrees, the humidity 45 percent. Tomorrow's forecast is not very promising. We can expect cloudy, cold, windy weather. The temperature will drop to 5 degrees in the morning. it'll get warmer in the afternoon with a high temperature of 10 the evening there's a good chance that we'll get some rain or snow. the temperature in the evening will drop to 0 degreesB & C:Good evening. Here is the National Weather Service forecast for the Chicago area. The ten .temperature: Lakefront 76 degrees, Midway 76 degrees, O’Hare humidity 66 per cent. The winds are calm, the barometric pressure thirty point oh eight and rising.Tonight partly cloudy, some widely scattered showers. Lows in the lower 70s and light and variable winds.Tomorrow partly sunny and very warm, Highs in the upper 80s,south winds five to ten miles per hour.Tomorrow night fair, with lows in the middle 60sTuesday hot and humid and mostly sunny, highs around 90.The extended forecast through Friday: hot, with daily highs 90 to 95 and daily lows in the upper 60sFair Wednesday and ThursdayPartly cloudy, chance of thunderstorms on FridayRepeating the ten p. m temperature: lakefront 76,Midway 76,O'Hare74.thank you for callingPart III At bus stopWoman: Oh, I wish that bus would come! my feet are freezing.Man: Have you been waiting long?Woman: It feels like hours---but I suppose I’ve only been here ten minutes or so.Man: That's long enough in this weather. this is awful. I hate winter'Woman: So do I. And this morning the sun was shinning and they were predicting light rain Man :I’ve been calling the weather report all day since it started to snow. They're still predicting one or(to)two inches but we've got at least three inches already, My shoes are full of snow Woman: Well, that's typical. Remember last year when they predicted four inches of snow and we ended up with four feet?Man: I wasn't here last year. but we had the same thing in Detroit. We were supposed to get a little rain one night, but when we woke up, guess what? there were six inches of snow on the ground and it was still coming down hard. I didn't go to work that dayWoman: Well ,if it's really bad, I won't go in to the office tomorrow---I'll work at home.Man: What kind of work do you do?Woman: I'm an attorney, My office is around the corner.Man: Oh, that's where I’ve seen you before. I work in the same building----in that travel agency off the lobby.Woman: Oh, of courseMan: And I’ve seen you walk by several times, stop in and have cup of coffee sometimes Woman: I wish i had a cup of coffee right nowMan: Well, listen, we’re standing right in front of a donut shop, why don't i get some coffee and bring it out for us.Woman: That sounds wonderful,----Oh, look, there's the bus. thanks anyway.Man: That's okay, Another time---Boy, am I glad to see that bus!Statements:man has been waiting longer than woman.the woman and the man hate winterare more than three inches of snow on the groundare in Detroitwoman's office is not far from the bus stopthey have coffee together're standing in the front of a doughnut shop.bus comes exactly when they get their coffee.man doesn't know whether he is glad to see that bus or not.Part IV More about the topic: is Earth Overheating?Evidence shows that over the past 160 000 years there has been a close correlation between global average temperature and the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.In 1800,before the Industrial Revolution began to take full effect, the carbon dioxide level was about 280ppm,By the 1890's the carbon dioxide level had risen to ,according to analyses of air samples, the level is more than 350ppm. 25 per cent higher than the 1800 level.At the same time, Scientist have noted that the global average temperature is steadily rising. Since the 1980's ,most summers have been unusually hot, in fact, the six warmest year since 1901 have occurred in the past two decades, and 1988 saw the century's highest global average temperature. the 1988 heat wave focused public attention on a possibility that had worried scientists for some time---the possibility of a disastrous rise in Earth's temperature. Scientists tell us that it is the burning of coal, oil, and other fuels that has increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, Factories account for 29 per cent of the carbon dioxide added by the burning of fuels; electric power plants,28 per cent; motor vehicles,27 per cent; and heating equipment for homes and business,16 per cent.As Stephen Schneider, a climatologist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research puts it, "it is often said that we do not so much inherit the world from our forebears, but rather we borrow it from your children .it is increasingly urgent that we act to prevent our debt from growing out of control.Part V Memory test: Weather ForecastA:Announcer:....and now for the weather forecast. Tomorrow will be another cold day generally in all parts of the country, with maximum temperatures of five degrees above zero. Around London and the southeast of England it will be a dry day, with some sunshine on the southeast coast in the afternoon. In the southeast the morning will be sunny, but during the afternoon it will be cloudy, with some rain on the southeast coast. the north of England and Scotland will be very cold and windy all day. While on the northeast coast of Scotland there will probably be some snow during the evening...Well, that's the weather outlook for tomorrow. And that's all from me. Good night.B:Newscaster:...and that's the end of the news. Now we'll go over to the weather center for the weather forecast for the whole of the United Kingdom.Weatherman: Good evening, Due to the depression lying off the north England and the high in the south of England, tomorrow's weather will be variable across the country. Starting ,then ,in the southwest, it'll start cool and become warm with long periods of sunshine. Around London and the southeast, the day will be dry but cloudy at times. In the Midlands, it'll be cloudy all day with showers at times. Moving over, then, to North Wales, there may be fog patches over themountains for probably much of the day, while in South Wales it'll be generally windy. In the northeast, it'll be cloudy all day, some rain everywhere and it'll be heavy at times. Further north in Scotland, we can expect sleet in those areas south of Edinburgh, while in the very north of Scotland and the Hebrides, there'll be snow on high ground. Now in Northern Ireland, there's a possibility of rain, and it'll certainly be very cold. that's the end of the weather forecast.。

Listen this wayUnit oneWe have just two more days to "shop till you drop" till Christmas, and that typically means a lot of last minute shopping. And though buying with a mouse is still tiny compared to shopping with your feet, online retailing is more popular than ever.译文参考：圣诞节前夕，我们还有两天可以“尽情购物”，这通常是指最后一分钟的抢购。

用手操作鼠标，要比用脚逛商店轻松多。

网上零售比以往更加普及了。

Christmas shopping in the street is great sometimes. But when you've just got to get a bunch of shopping done and you want to have something to send to a third-party location, it's much better online.译文参考：街头销售在圣诞节有时候也很可观。

但当你必须购买大批量物品时和当你想把某礼物送到第三方手里时，最好还是在线购买。

In the U.S., online shopping is predicted to be 30 percent ahead of last December, while malls can expect less than a 6 percent increase in sales. In Britain, Europe's biggest e-tailing market, online gift-buying is expected to grow by 50 percent, with $8 billion worth of goods sold through the net in the November to January period.译文参考：在美国，据测在线购物将比去年12月份增长百分之三十，大型商场的销售增长不到百分之六。

Part ⅠGetting readyThe environment is the natural world of land, sea, air, plants, and animals that exists around towns and cities. Since there is only one globe where we're living, more and more people realize the importance of protecting the total global environment. A 1989 UK Department of the Environment survey showed public concern about the environment was second only to worries about the National Health Service.A The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.1. vicious circle: a set of events in which cause and effect follow each other ina circular pattern2. monsoon season: the season of heavy rains that fall in India and neighboring countries3. hygiene: the study and practice of how to keep good health, esp. by paying attention to cleanliness4. accelerate: (cause to) move faster5. summit: a meeting between heads of state6. think tank: a research institute or other organization of scholars, social or physical scientists, etc. esp. one employed by government to solve complex problems or predict future developments in military and social areas7. trigger: start (esp. a chain of events)8. impediment: a fact or event which makes action difficult or impossible9. bore hole: a hole made by drilling or digging10. incentive: an encouragement to greater activityB Listen to two short extractions. Write down the environmental issuesmentioned in them.1. _____________________________________________2. _____________________________________________Part ⅡThe Earth at risk (Ⅰ)Do you know what happens to a rainforest when the trees are chopped down? About 80% of the rain forests nutrients come from trees and plants. That leaves 20% of the nutrients in the soil. The nutrients from the leaves that fall are instantly recycled back into the plants and trees. When a rain forest is clear-cut, conditions change very quickly. The soil dries up in the sun. When it rains, it washes the soil away.A Listen to the first part of an interview. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then answer the questions.Questions1. What is the vicious circle mentioned by Brian Cowles?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Why is the rain so important to soil?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. What are some of the reasons that tropical forests are being cut down?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the first part of the interview. Complete the outline.Outline (Ⅰ)Ⅰ. Environmental problems in different continentsA. Africa1. ______________ expansion2. no grass for animals to eat (East Africa)B. _____________________________1. situation -intensive farming/agriculture2. potential problem- _____________________C. South America, Central Africa & Southern Asia1. problem- _________________________2. consequencesa. soil -> thin -> unproductive -> wastelandb. _____________________________________c. _____________________________________Part ⅢThe Earth at risk (Ⅱ)As early as in 1984, the United Nations created a special environmental agency, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. In 1992, the United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro aroused great media interest in tackling difficult global environmental issues.A Listen to the second part of the interview. Note down the key words in the notes column. Then answer the questions.Questions1. Why is some flooding man-made?__________________________________________________________________________________________2. What does Brian imply when he says that the national governments have to be forward-looking?__________________________________________________________________________________________B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the second part of the interview. Complete the outline.Outline (Ⅱ)Ⅱ. Reasons for some "natural" disasters-mainly man-madeA. __________________________________B. flooding in SudanⅢ. _____________________________________A. national governments-forward-lookingB. __________________________________C. stopping using hardwood for furniture-makingD. educating people to realize the consequencesPart ⅣMore about the topic: The Effects of Global WarmingThe world is getting warmer. It matters because it changes a lot of things to do with our everyday life. We can also say because the Earth is warming up wecould simply not have enough to eat. Do you know what some of the effects of global warming are?Listen to the material. Complete the outline.OutlineⅠ. __________________________________A. average temperatureB. yearly increaseⅡ. Causes of global warmingⅢ. __________________________________A. great changes in rainfallB. rise in the sea levelC. _______________________________D. health and social problems1. environmental refugees2. change of patterns of distribution of insects and infective agents3. ___________________________________Ⅳ. Time to take actionPart ⅤDo you know ...?Water is abundant globally but scarce locally. Of the earth's 1360 million cubic kilometers of water, 97 percent is in the oceans. Three-quarters of the freshwater is in glaciers and icebergs, another fifth is groundwater, and less than 1 percent is in lakes and rivers. Almost two-thirds of the renewablefreshwater provided by annual rainfall over land evaporates. Much of the rainfall transformed into runoff is lost to floods.A Listen to the following news report. Decide whether the statements are true or false. Put "T" or "F" in the brackets.( ) 1. Water consumption in some parts of the world has increased ten fold. ( ) 2. Oil will he the cause of warfare in the next century.( ) 3. The number of people affected by water shortage will increase five fold over the next 20 years.( ) 4. The main reason why water is becoming a scarce resource is agriculture since it now accounts for 90% of water consumption worldwide. ( ) 5. In some regions water shortage is now the biggest impediment to feeding the population.B Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the report.Nowadays energy is too expensive to waste. It costs the country, and you, too much. What have you done to conserve existing energy resources? Here are some tips to help you slim your waste ?save energy. Always remember that energy sense is common sense.C Now listen to some simple tips to help you Save It ?save energy. Complete the do's and don'ts.Do's● Rough-dry ________ and nylon things.● ________ unnecessary lighting.● Do without ________ if you can.● Defrost the ________ regularly.● Before using your washing machine, ________________.● Cook ________ in the oven and Save It on the rings and grill.Don'ts● Don't attempt to ________.● Don't turn ________ too high.● Don't le ave ________ to boil away.● Don't fill the kettle ________ for only a cup of tea.● Don't put ________ in the fridge.Part ⅥReminder of key points in this unitVerb & Verb Phrase Noun & Noun Phrase OtherPart Ⅰsponsor Amazonimplement rain forestsummitemissionpart Ⅱexpand continent at riskstabilize impact at an alarming rateblow away the Sahara Desert unproductivecut down vicious circlemake way for domestic animalconvert intensive agricultureranchhardwoodrare plantrainfallpart ⅢBangladesh depressingIndia forward-lookingNepalmonsoon seasonSudanthe NileEthiopiapart Ⅳput stress on global warming potential accelerate pole heat-relatedtake action lower/higher latitudedeclineenvironmental refugeeinfective agentpart Ⅴhighlight the earth summitswitch from...to... think tankfeed the population consumptionboil away triggerdefrost barrierwarfarefoldhome markethigh yieldimpedimentextractionbore holefinancial incentivebrim build-up a full load ring。