Roaring Twenties( Jazz Age)

The Jazz AgeIn 1920's America - known as the Jazz Age, the Golden Twenties or the Roaring Twenties - everybody seemed to have money. The nightmare that was the Wall Street Crash of October 1929, was inconceivable right up until it happened. The 1920’s saw a break with the traditional set-up in America. The Great War had destroyed old perceived social conventions and new ones developed.The young set themselves free especially, the young women. They shocked the older generation with their new hair style (a short bob) and the clothes that they wore were often much shorter than had been seen and tended to expose their legs and knees. The wearing of what were considered skimpy beach wear in public could get the Flappers, as they were known, arrested for indecent exposure. They wore silk stockings rolled just above the knee and they got their hair cut at male barbers. The President of Florida University said the low cut gowns andshort skirts "are born of the devil they are carrying the present generation to destruction".An advert for lipstick - Flapper styleThe Flappers also went out without a man to look after them, went to all-night parties, drove motor cars, smoked in public and held men’s hands without wearing gloves. Mothers formed the Anti-Flirt League to protest against the acts of their daughters. But after the horror of the First World War, the youngergeneration mistrusted the older generation and ‘did their own thing’ which flew in the face of the establishment.The person who the Flappers most looked up to was Clara Bow - the vamp in the film "It".Linked to the growth of an alternate generation, was the growth in jazz. This lead to new dances being created which further angered the older generation. The Charleston, One Step and Black Bottom were only for the young and the last one angered the establishment by name alone. The most famous jazzmen were Louis Armstrong, Fats Waller and Benny Goodman. The combination of the new music, new dances and new fashions outraged many:Along with jazz went the ‘crazies’ when people would do crazy things for fun such as sitting on top of a flag pole for as long as possible; marathon dances that went on until everybody had dropped and wing flying when you stood strapped onto the wing of a flying plane until it landed.This was also the era of great sports champions such as Babe Ruth the baseball player and Bobby Jones "the greatest amateur golfer of all time."The 1920’s made Hollywood. 100 million people a week went to the movies. In th e 1910’s the stars of movies were never named (especially true for women) but by the 1920’s stars were world famous. For many films, the star was more important than the film itself and they could earn a fortune. Slapstick comedy was dominated by Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, Laurel and Hardy and Fatty Arbuckle. The leading women were Clara Bow and Mary Pickford and the leading male star was Rudolf Valentino. When he died in 1926 aged just 31 people queued for miles to see his embalmed body and riots broke out.The decade saw the first "talkie" - "The Jazz Singer" starring Al Jolson. Many silent screen stars lost their jobs as their voices sounded too strange or their accents were difficult to understand.The stars lived lavish lifestyles - Beverley Hills was the place to live and they cultivated in peoples minds the belief that you could succeed in America regardless of who you were.Even murderous gang bosses achieved stardom. The most famous of all was Al Capone - the gangster boss who all but controlled Chicago. His fame rivaled that of Hollywood's superstars.Al CaponeIn 1918, Prohibition had been introduced into America. This law banned the sale, transportation and manufacture of alcohol. However, there was a ready market for alcohol throughout the 1920's and the gangsters provided it. Capone's earnings at their peak stood at $60 million a year from alcohol sales alone with $45 million from other illegal ventures. Notorious in Chicago, Capone achieved national celebrity status when he appeared on the front of the celebrated "Time" magazine.。

恭把翰蕴猴右淹茅称看夷语镊界柴冰啤隶皇羔篷疲引读掐尖刻1.Which of the following games is the one WITHOUT a goal?下列哪个游戏没有最终结果的？应该是A 模拟城市没有最终结果。

A.SimCity.B.Pac-Man.C.Tomb Raider.D.International.2.Where is the Fairy Tale Castle of Neuschwanstein?哪里是天鹅堡的神话传说地点？答案应该是B 德国A.In Sydney.B.In Germany.C.In California.D.In Paris.3.Hangman is a game that helps with____.刽子手游戏能帮助 D 学习历史A.spellingB.calculatingC.drawingD.history studying4.A hummingbird's egg is only as big as____.蜂鸟的蛋相当于C 豌豆大小。

A.an orangeB.a potatoC.a peaD.a grape5.Which of the following is NOT a part of a fire engine?下列C一匹马不是消防装置的一部分。

A.A siren.B.A ladder.C.A hose.D.A fire hydrant.6.Where was the first World Expo held?哪里是第一届世界博览会的召开地点。

C 伦敦A.In New York.B.In Berlin.C.In London.D.In Tokyo.7.How many languages have the stories of the Grimm Brothers been translated into? 格林童话被翻译成多少种语言。

作者简介：李莹莹，贵州财经大学副教授，文学博士，从事文艺美学与批评、视觉文化、电影改编等研究。

①　ｆｌａｐｐｅｒｇｉｒｌ这一词语最早见于英国，是雏妓的代称。

１９１０年代之前，该词逐渐成为即将进入青春期，身体性征发育尚不明显的少女的代名词；１９１０年代之后，ｆｌａｐｐｅｒｇｉｒｌ与ｔｏｍｂｏｙ一起用来形容那些身材平板，接受过一定教育，喜爱运动的女性。

在１９２０年美国作家菲茨杰拉德（Ｆ．Ｓ．Ｆｉｔｚｇｅｒａｌｄ）的小说集《飞来波女郎与哲学家》（ＦｌａｐｐｅｒｓａｎｄＰｈｉｌｏｓｏｐｈｅｒｓ）出版之后，ｆｌａｐｐｅｒｇｉｒｌ基本成为了２０世纪２０年代美国年轻女性的代名词。

关于ｆｌａｐｐｅｒｇｉｒｌ具体的演变参见ＬＩＮＤＡＳ．Ｌｏｓｔｇｉｒｌｓ：ｔｈｅｉｎ ｖｅｎｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｆｌａｐｐｅｒ（Ｌｏｎｄｏｎ：ＲｅａｋｔｉｏｎｂｏｏｋｓＬｔｄ，２０１７）．②　爵士乐时代是美国作家菲茨杰拉德在其文章《爵士乐时代的回声》（ＥｃｈｏｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＪａｚｚＡｇｅ）中对美国自１９１９年到１９２９年这一黄金年代的命名，他认为“那是奇迹频生的年代，那是艺术的年代，那是挥霍无度的年代，那是嘲讽的年代”。

更重要的是，他直接将飞来波女郎视为这个时代的代表。

详见菲茨杰拉德：《崩溃》，黄昱宁、包慧怡译，上海译文出版社，２０１１年，第２１－３５页。

③　关于ｆｌａｐｐｅｒｇｉｒｌ名称翻译的思考源自２０１７年在上海召开的“默片中的女性”会议的讨论，特此对参与讨论者表示感谢。

柯林·莫尔：好莱坞默片中灰姑娘的喜剧性展演李莹莹（贵州财经大学文学院，贵州贵阳　５５００２５） 摘　要：柯林·莫尔是２０世纪２０年代好莱坞电影中“飞来波女郎”（ｆｌａｐｐｅｒｇｉｒｌ）的典型代表，相较于克拉拉·鲍和露易丝·布鲁克斯的性感形象，柯林·莫尔扮演的多为保守的“飞来波女郎”，《艾拉·辛迪思》中的辛迪思就是其中的典型代表。

the roaring twenties名词解释概述及解释说明1. 引言1.1 概述The Roaring Twenties, 亦被称之为“The Jazz Age”（爵士乐时代），是20世纪20年代的一个重要时期，这一时期以经济繁荣和社会变革为特点。

这是一个充满活力、追求享乐与自由的时代，也是现代文化与娱乐业蓬勃发展的年代。

本文将对The Roaring Twenties进行全面解析，包括其定义、背景、主要特点以及经济、社会、娱乐和时尚等方面的重要变革。

1.2 文章结构本文将按以下结构进行论述：- 引言：对The Roaring Twenties进行概述，并介绍文章结构和目的。

- The Roaring Twenties名词解释：对The Roaring Twenties进行定义，并探讨其背景和主要特点。

- 经济繁荣与社会变革：详细讨论经济状况、文化进步以及女性权益运动在该时期的发展。

- 娱乐与时尚的革新：探究爵士乐与舞蹈风潮、电影与娱乐业兴盛，以及流行时尚与消费文化的演变。

- 结局和影响力：分析危机与衰落的原因、社会影响力，以及The RoaringTwenties的遗产。

1.3 目的本文旨在全面介绍并解释The Roaring Twenties这一历史时期，帮助读者更好地了解该时期的重要性和对现代社会的影响。

通过详细探究经济、社会、娱乐和时尚等方面的发展变化，希望能够呈现出这一时期独特而多元化的风貌，并评估其对后世产生的持久影响。

2. The Roaring Twenties名词解释：2.1 定义：The Roaring Twenties指的是20世纪20年代，特指美国在第一次世界大战结束后进入的一个时期。

这个时期以经济繁荣、社会变革、文化进步和娱乐革新为特征，以及对传统价值观的挑战。

2.2 背景：第一次世界大战结束后，美国经历了一个重要的转变。

战争带来了技术和工业的发展，国内市场扩大，并使得美国成为全球最大的债权国。

恭把翰蕴猴右淹茅称看夷语镊界柴冰啤隶皇羔篷疲引读掐尖刻1.Which of the following games is the one WITHOUT a goal?下列哪个游戏没有最终结果的？应该是A 模拟城市没有最终结果。

A.SimCity.B.Pac-Man.C.Tomb Raider.D.International.2.Where is the Fairy Tale Castle of Neuschwanstein?哪里是天鹅堡的神话传说地点？答案应该是B 德国A.In Sydney.B.In Germany.C.In California.D.In Paris.3.Hangman is a game that helps with____.刽子手游戏能帮助 D 学习历史A.spellingB.calculatingC.drawingD.history studying4.A hummingbird's egg is only as big as____.蜂鸟的蛋相当于C 豌豆大小。

A.an orangeB.a potatoC.a peaD.a grape5.Which of the following is NOT a part of a fire engine?下列C一匹马不是消防装置的一部分。

A.A siren.B.A ladder.C.A hose.D.A fire hydrant.6.Where was the first World Expo held?哪里是第一届世界博览会的召开地点。

C 伦敦A.In New York.B.In Berlin.C.In London.D.In Tokyo.7.How many languages have the stories of the Grimm Brothers been translated into? 格林童话被翻译成多少种语言。

恭把翰蕴猴右淹茅称看夷语镊界柴冰啤隶皇羔篷疲引读掐尖刻1.Which of the following games is the one WITHOUT a goal? 下列哪个游戏没有最终结果的？应该是A 模拟城市没有最终结果。

-Man. C.Tomb Raider.D.International. 2.Where is the Fairy Tale Castle of Neuschwanstein? 哪里是天鹅堡的神话传说地点？答案应该是B 德国3.Hangman is a game that helps with____. 刽子手游戏能帮助D 学习历史4.A hummingbird's egg is only as big as____. 蜂鸟的蛋相当于C 豌豆大小。

5.Which of the following is NOT a part of a fire engine? 下列C一匹马不是消防装置的一部分。

6.Where was the first World Expo held? 哪里是第一届世界博览会的召开地点。

C 伦敦7.How many languages have the stories of the Grimm Brothers been translated into? 格林童话被翻译成多少种语言。

B 8.Dr Bethune visited many countries in his life but he NEVER visited _____. 白求恩在他一生中到访过许多国家但是没去过B 德国9.Wei Qi is called ____in English. 围棋用英语说成B 10.What was Einstein's favorite sport? 下列B 游泳是爱因斯坦最喜欢的运动A.1.Which of these martial arts is no longer used fighting?(而这些武术不再是用来战斗吗？) A.Boxing(拳击) B.Tai chi(太极) C.Kung fu(功夫) D.backbones(跆拳道) 2.The hot melted rock inside the Earth is called ____. ve B.magma C.ash D.crater 3.“Cirque du Soleil”is French.In English,it means“______”.A.Circus of the Moon. B.Circus of the Sun. C.Circus of the Universe. D.Circus of the Earth. 4.Who invented air conditioning?（谁发明了空调?) A.Dr Willis Carrier B.Albert Einstein C.Thomas Edison D.Amelia Earhart 5.____was the first person to fly alone across the Atlantic Ocean non-stop.(____独自一人穿越大西洋而且中间没有停留的.）A.Charles Lindbergh B.Wilbur Wright C.Orville Wright D.Amelia Earhart 1.Around which period of time did the Celts start to arrive in Britain? 2. What are the British Isles made up of ? 3.Which part of England does “ The Danelaw” refer to which was occupied by the Danes in King Alfred’s time?4.Who gives their name to the English people? 5. Today, the City of London is the business center of London, so what can you find there? 6. The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries. What do other political units have? 7. In Northern Ireland, who made up the dominant group? 8. Who is the first real king of England, though he did not assume that title? 9. When did the Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain? What did Oliver Cromwell work as 10. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. when he ruled first the Commonwealth? 11. Who founded the Plantagenet dynasty? 12. Most of the land belonging to the Saxons was confiscated by William. Which nation was given the most land? 13. Among the most typical English sports, what is having been in existence since the 16th century? 14. What are the names of the two newest sates which joined the United States? 15.Who were the two famous leaders of black movements in the U.S. in the 60s? 16. Who issued the Emancipation Proclamation during the Civil War? 17. Which branch of the American government has the power to interpret the constitution? 18. What is the position of the United States, talking of its population? 19. Which coast of America did the British establish 13 colonies? 20. Who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature among T.S.Eliot, Emily Dickenson, Walt Whitman and Richard Wright? 21. How has Australia, which is one of the world’s developed countries, become rich?22.When did American women start to have voting right until the adoption of the 19th amendment? 23. What kind of period has been the 1920s in the United States described as? 24. What are the courses of the "basics" taught in American elementary schools? 25. In Australia, what is April 25 known as? 26. Under the Whitlam government, what took place of "God Save the Queen" replaced as Australia’s national anthem?27. What does Australia export most in the world? 28. When did the third wave of migration begin in Australia? 29. The name "Canada" is thought of be derived from kanata. Do you know the meaning of the Indian word? 30. Where is most of Canada’s farmland located?31.Do you know the reason why Ireland is called the Emerald Isle? 32. What happened at the same time with the transition of Canadian culture from European to authentically Canadian? 33. Where do the majority of French Canadians live? 34. In Canada, the Queen is represented by the governor-general. Who appointed on the recommendation of the Queen? 35. Ireland has a bipolar political party system with two major parties. What are they? 提问者：霖幻子- 一级最佳答案1 500BC 2 Great Britain, Ireland and numerous smaller islands 3 northern and eastern England 4 The Anglo-Saxons 5 London Stock Exchange, Lloyd's of London, Bank of England, Barclays Bank Citigroup etc etc...... 6 They have same legal system and 7 Protestant 8 Eg'bert, king of Wessex 9 55 BC 10 Lord Protector 11 King Henry II 12 the Norman barons 13 Cricket 14 Hawaii, Alaska 15 Steve Biko, Malcolm X 16 Abraham Lincoln 17 The Supreme Court 18 Third 19 East coast 20 T.S.Eliot 21 可能是the gold rushes 22 18 August 1920, when the 19th amendment was ratified 23 Roaring Twenties or The Jazz Age 24 reading, writing and math 25 Anzac Day 26 Advance Australia Fair 27 commodity 28 1950s ?? 29 village or settlement 30 Prairies 31 because it's so green 32 A lot of things happened. Canadian culture has been influenced at the same time by American culture. 33 Quebec 34 the prime minister 35 Fine Gael and Fianna Fail 1. Which of the following means“不辞而别”? A. take a Chinese leave B. take a French leave C. take a English leave D. take a Germany leave 2. What do the letters “WTO” mean in Chinese? 3. What is the nickname (昵称) of New York? 4. A very famous disabled scientist visited China and spoke to university students in Beijing. Who is he? father’s mother? 5. What do you call your grand-6. Where is Eiffel Tower (埃菲尔铁塔) located? 7. When is Christmas? -nine percent perspiration.” 8.Translate the sentence “Genius is one percent inspiration and ninetyinto Chinese. 9.When and where will the 29th Olympic Games be held? glish? 10. A thief is often afraid when he hears “OICU”. Do you know what “OICU” means in En11. Do you know the Chinese meaning of the film Gone With the Wind ? 12. What kind of dog can’t bark (吠)? Keys(答案): 1.B 2.世界贸易组织霍金世界贸易组织 3. Big Apple 4.Stephen Hawking /霍金5. great grand-mother(曾祖母) 6.Paris 7. December25 8.天才是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水天才是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水 9. 2008; Beijing 10.Oh, I see you. 11.《飘》/《乱世佳人》《乱世佳人》 12. hot-dog 回答者：彰之青春- 十一级 2008-12-2 15:53 帮你找了一些英语智力题，再自己筛选一下。

论了不起的盖茨比中的象征主义英语本科生毕业论文（设计）册学院XXX学院专业英语教育班级XX级X班学生XX指导教师XXXXXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书编号：论文（设计）题目：论了不起的盖茨比中的象征主义学院： XXX院专业：英语教育班级： XXXX级X班学生姓名： XX 学号： XXXXXX 指导教师： XXX 职称： XX1、论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务研究目标：能够了解到二十世纪的美国的时代背景，以及在时代背景影响下美国的社会风气在了不起的盖茨比小说中的体现，以及其象征主义的运用。

主要任务：了解了不起的盖茨比中象征主义的运用，以及其代表的事物，对二十世纪美国主流思想和社会背景的反应。

2、论文（设计）的主要内容在了不起的盖茨比这部小说中作者运用了很多象征主义，由于了不起的盖茨比中象征主义的成功运用在学术界引起了很大的反响，二十世纪的美国社会的背景和风气很形象的在了不起的盖茨比中得以映射，其对色彩背景以及动物的情节设置都对文章情节的发展起到了重要作用，本文主要意图在于，分析其象征事物的运用的含义及其作者。

3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线基于互联网、国家图书馆、河北省图书馆和师大连接图书馆，采集并收纳了多方资料，对了不起的盖茨比这篇小说能有了清楚的认识。

4、主要参考文献常耀信，美国文学简史[M]，天津：南开大学出版社，1999Zadeh, L. Fuzzy Sets. Fuzzy Sets and ApplicationWoolf, Virginia. A Room of One’s Own and Three Guineas[M].Oxford UniversityPress, 1992.阶段起止日期1 收集资料3．2—3.202 初步编写 3.16—3.233 修改（内容、结构） 3.23—3.304 导师修改 3.30—4.205 再次修改（句法、格式），终稿4．20—5.8指导教师：年月日教研室主任：年月日注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一份XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书XXX学院英语教育专业 XXX 届学生姓名XX论文（设计）题目论了不起的盖茨比中的象征主义指导教师XXX专业职称XX所属教研室高年级教研室研究方向英美文学课题论证：1、对作者以及小说的简要介绍2、颜色在文中起到的象征主义作用3、环境背景象征主义分析及其作用4、动物作为象征在文中所代表的含义及其深层含义方案设计：1、充分了解二十世纪美国的社会背景2、对于美国梦的分析了解当时社会风气以及大众的普遍思想3、分析作者对颜色，物品，以及整体环境的描写分析4、从环境背景，颜色描写，事物象征分析象征主义的作用进度计划：1、3月收集材料和加以分类，初步定下方向和题目2、4月20日前编写并不断修改论文初稿，向导师和前辈们请教3、4月20日交给导师，详细听取修改意见和不足之处4、5月7日前全面修改并完善论文，注意语法、格式等细微之处5、5月8日填写任务书、开题报告及评议书指导教师意见：指导教师签名：年月日教研室意见：教研室主任签名：年月日XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书姓名XX学院XXX学院专业英语教育年级（班）XX级X班论文题目论了不起的盖茨比中的象征主义完成时间XXX年5月8日论文内容摘要弗•司格特•菲茨杰拉德是20世纪20年代美国杰出的作家，被誉为美国“爵士时代”的代言人和桂冠诗人。

1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765）American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th)北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱)Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical）2、The Enlightenment and Revolution PeriodBenjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war）American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature.早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature <The Sketch Book>短篇小说James Fenimore Cooper 历史，冒险，边疆小说《The Leather-stocking Tales>文明发展对大自然的摧残与破坏William Cullen Bryant 美国第一个浪漫主义诗人《To a Waterfowl><The Yellow Violet>美国山水，讴歌大自然，歌颂美国生活现实Edgar Allan Poe ---(48 poems,70 short stories)He greatly influenced the devotees of “Art for art’s sake.”He was father of psychoanalytic criticism , and the detective story.Ralph Waldo Emerson---The chief spokesman of New England TranscendentalismAmerican Transcendentalism (also known as “American Renaissance”) It is the high tide of American romanticism Transcendentalists spoke for the cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. 《Nature》---the Bible of Transcendentalism by Emerson 《Self-Reliance》表达他的超验主义观点Henry David Thoreau------ Waldenhe regarded nature as a symbol of spirit.Thoreau was very critical of modern civilization.小说家：Hawthorne-赞成超验He is a master of symbolism The Scarlet Letter《红字》Melville 怀疑，悲观，sailing experiences Moby Dick百科全书式性质/海洋作品/动物史诗诗人Longfellow《I Shot an Arrow...》《A Psalm of Life》第一首被完整地介绍到中国的美国诗歌Whitman （Free Verse---without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme ）《Leaves of Grass》《One's Self I Sing》《O Captain! My Captain!》songDickinson inner life of the individual ---died for beauty4、The Age of RealismJames upper reaches of American society. <一位女士的肖像》inner world of manHowells, concerned himself chiefly with middle class life.<The Rise of Silas Lapman>Twain the lower strata of society. humor and local colorism<Life on the Mississippi> <The Adventures of Tom Sawyer> <The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn >American Naturalism 自然主义（新型现实）Stephen Crane；《Maggie: A Girl of the Streets》《The Red Badge of Courage》pessimisticTheodore Dreiser；Sister Carrie；Jennie Gerhardt；An American Tragedy(Trilogy of Desire)O.Henry (William Sydney Porter)：The Gift of the Magi；The Cop and the anthemJack London：The Call of the Wild；Martin Eden5、The Modern Period The 1920s-1930s ( the second renaissance of American literature)The Roaring Twenties ，The Jazz Age ，“lost”(Gertrude Stein) and “waste land”(T.S.Eliot)现代主义小说家F. Scott Fitzgerald：《The Great Gatsby》被视为美国文学“爵士时代”的象征，以美国梦American Dream为主线。