英语二小作文预测 毙考题

考研英语阅读材料汇编之科技类(2)阅读是考研英语的重要题型之一，也是保障英语成绩的关键题目。

因此，考研学子们要充分重视英语阅读，除了平时多多阅读英语杂志、报纸外，还需要针对阅读进行专项训练。

小编整理了关于考研英语阅读题源的系列文章考研英语阅读材料汇编之科技类(2)，请参考!Who s the Smart Sibling?Ten weeks ago, Bo Cleveland and his wife embarked on a highly unscientific experiment-they gave birth to their first child. For now, Cleveland is too exhausted to even consider having another baby, but eventually, he will. In fact, hes already planned an egalitarian strategy for raising the rest of his family. Little Arthur won t get any extra attention just because he s the firstborn, and, says his father, he probably won t be much smarter than his future .siblings; either. It s the sort of thing many parents would say, but it s a bit surprising coming from Cleveland,who studies birth order and IQ at Pennsylvania State University. As he knows too well, a study published recently in the journal Science suggests that firstborns do turn out sharper than their brothers and sisters, no matter how parents try to compensate. Is Cleveland wrong? Is Arthur destined to be the smart sibling just because he had the good luck to be born first?For decades, scientists have been squabbling over birth order like siblings fighting over a toy. Some of them say being a first-, middle- or lastborn has significant effects on intelligence. Others say that s nonsense, The spat goes back at least as far as Alfred Adler, a Freud-era psychologist who argued that firstborns had an edge. Other psychologists found his theory easy to believemiddle and youngest kids already had a bad rap, thanks to everything from primogeniture laws to the Prodigal Son. When they set out to confirm the birth-order effects Adler had predicted, they found some evidence. Dozens of studies over the next several decades showed small differences in IQ; scholastic-aptitude tests and other measures of achievement So did anecdata suggesting that firstborns were more likely to win Nobel Prizes or become (ahem) prominent psychologists.But even though the scientists were turning up birth-order patterns easily, they couldn tpin down a cause. Perhaps, one theory went, the mother s body was somehow attacking the lateroffspring in uterus. Maternal antibody levels do increase with each successive pregnancy. Butthere s no evidence that this leads to differences in intelligence, and the new study in Silence,based on records from nearly a quarter of a million young Norwegian men, strikes down theantibody hypothesis. It looks at kids who are the eldest by accident-those whose older siblingsdie in infancy--as well as those who are true firstborns. Both groups rack up the same highscores on IQ tests. Whatever is lowering the latterborns scores, it isn t prenatal biology, sincebeing raised as the firstborn, not actually being the firstborn, is what counts.The obvious culprits on the nurture side are parents. But it s hard to think that favoritism toward firstborns exists in modem society. Most of us no longer view secondborn as second best, and few parents will admit to treating their kids differently. In surveys, they generally say they give their children equal attention. Kids concur, reporting that they feel they re treated fairly.Maybe, then, the problem with latterborns isn t nature or nurture-maybe there simply isn t a problem. Not all the research shows a difference in intelligence. A pivotal 2000 study by Joe Rodgers ,now a professor emeritus at the University of Oklahoma, found no link between birth order and smarts. And an earlier study of American families found that the youngest kids, not theoldest, did best in school. From that work, say psychologist Judith Rich Harris, a prominent critic of birth-order patterns, it s clear that the impression that the firstborn is more often the academic achiever is false.Meanwhile, many of the studies showing a birth-order pattern in IQ have a big, fat,methodological flaw. The Norwegian Science study is an example, says Cleveland: It scomparing Bill, the first child in one family; to Bob, the second child in another family. Thatwould be fine if all families were identical, but of course they aren t. The study controls forvariables such as parental education and family size. But Rodgers, the Oklahoma professor,notes that there are hundreds of other factors in play; and because it s so hard to discountall of them, he s not sure whether the patterns in the Science article are real.No one is more sensitive to that criticism than the Norwegian scientists. In fact, theyalready have an answer ready in the form of a second paper. Soon to be published in thejournal Intelligence, it s, similar to the Science study except for one big thing: instead ofcomparing Bill to Bob, it compares Bill to younger brothers Barry and Barney. The samebirth- order pattern shows up: the firstborns, on average, score about two points higher thantheir secondborn brothers, and hapless thirdborns do even worse. The purpose of thetwo papers was exactly the same, says Petter Kristensen of Norway s National Instituteof Occupational Health, who led both new studies. But this second one is much more comprehensive, and in a sense it s better than the Science paper. The data are there--within families, birth order really does seem linked to brain power. Even the critics have to soften their positions a little. The Intelligence study must be taken very seriously says Rodgers.No one, not even Kristensen, thinks the debate is over For one thing, there s still that argument about what s causing birth-order effects. It s possible, says UC Berkeley researcher Frank Sulloway, that trying .to treat kids in an evenhanded way in fact results in inequity. Well-meaning parents may end up shortchanging middleborns because there s one thing they can t equalize: at no point in the middle child s life does he get to be the only kid inthe house. Alternatively, says Sulloway; there s the theory he has his money on, the family- niche hypothesis Older kids, whether out of desire or necessity axe often called on to be assistant parents, he notes. Getting that early- taste of responsibility may prime them for achievement later on. If they think Oh, I m supposed to be more intelligent so I d betterdo my homework, it doesn t matter if they actually are more-intelligent, says Sulloway, Itbecomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. If the firstborns homework involves reading Science and Intelligence, there ll be no stopping them now.词汇注解重点单词embark / im ba:k/【文中释义】v.着手，从事【大纲全义】v. (使)上船(或飞机，汽车等)：着手，从事extra / ekstr /【文中释义】adj.额外的【大纲全义】adj额外的，附加的n.附加物，额外的东西adv.特别地compensate / kɔmpənseit/【文中释义】v.补偿，弥补【大纲全义】v.(for)补偿，赔偿，抵消nonsense / nɔnsəns/【文中释义】n.荒谬的言行，胡话【大纲全义】n.胡说，废话;冒失(或轻浮)的行为rap / r p/【文中释义】n.不公正的判决，苛评【大纲全义】n.叩击，轻拍，斤责，急敲(声);不公正的判决，苛评，v. 敲，拍，打，斤责，使着迷predict / pri dikt/【文中释义】v.预言【大纲全义】v.预言，预测，预告prominent / prɔminənt/【文中释义】adj杰出的【大纲全义】adj.突起的，凸出的;突出的，杰出的offspring /ɔfspriŋ; (us) ɔ:f-/【文中释义】n..子孙,后代【大纲全义】n. 子孙,后代,结果，产物;(动物的)崽successive /sək sesiv/【文中释义】adj.连续的【大纲全义】adj.接连的，连续的pregnancy / Pregnənsi/【文中释义】n.怀孕【大纲全义】n.妊振;怀孕(期);(事件等的)酝酿;(内容)充实，富有意义nurture / nə: tʃə/【文中释义】n.养育，教育【大纲全义】n.营养品;养育，培养，滋养v. 给予营养物，养育，培养，滋养超纲单词egalitarian n. 平等主义sibling n. 兄弟妞妹squabble v. 为争吵spat n. 争吵primogeniture n. 长子身份aptitude n. 才能，资质anecdata n. 二逸事证据prenatal adj. 产前的，出生前的重点段落译文两周前，伯克利夫兰和他的妻子进行了一项非常不科学的实验他们生下了他们的第一个孩子。

2013考研英语(yīnɡ yǔ)阅读真题：考研英语（二）第2篇A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners.Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay,and who would make some money and then go home.Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 millin people arrived while about 2 million departed.About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good.They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage. Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants.We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad.We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens fit for deportation.That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it.We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories.We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal.To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas.We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers,home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage.They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas.They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them.They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease.We need them to imagine the United States as a placewhere they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle.Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle groundand understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes.Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.一个世纪前，来自大西洋的移民包括定居者和旅居者。

2012考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第3篇In 2010. a federal judge shook America s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO)，a trade group, assured members that this was just a preliminary step in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman s risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalized medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad s. A growing number seem to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. Despite the appeals court s decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court。

2015考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第2篇For years, studies have found that first-generation college students—those who do not have a parent with a college degree—lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher.But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them.t—generation students, but then watching This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting firsmany of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree.Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federalgrant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of highereducation, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” theyadvantages and And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the classdisadvantages of different groups of students.“Because U.S. colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect-generation students lack insight about why they arestudents’ educational experiences, many firststruggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’ can improve.”“第一代大学生”是指那些父母没有大学学位的大学生，多年以来，很多研究发现他们在一系列的教育成就方面落后于其他的学生。

2013考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(二)第2篇-毙考题2013考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第2篇A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners.Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay,and who would make some money and then go home.Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 millin people arrived while about 2 million departed.About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good.We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories.We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal.To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas.We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers,home health-care aides and physicists areamong today’s birds of passage.They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas.They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them.They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease.We need them to imagine the United States as a placewhere they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle.Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle groundand understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes.Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.一个世纪前，来自大西洋的移民包括定居者和旅居者。

2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第2篇Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened.The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation, said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as endangered, a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the threatened tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over thenext 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (W AFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress.Overall, the idea is to let states remain in the driver s seat for managing the species, Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court.Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn t go far enough.The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, says biologist Jay Lininger.生物学家估计美国中西部和西南部的广袤草原上曾生活着多达200万只的小草原松鸡，这些红色的小草原松鸡为灰蒙蒙的草原风貌增添了几分红艳。

2024年自考英语二作文押题English: In 2024, the importance of environmental protection will continue to grow as climate change becomes an increasingly urgent issue. Governments, businesses, and individuals will need to work together to implement sustainable practices and reduce carbon emissions. The use of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, will become more widespread, and measures to protect biodiversity and ecosystems will be prioritized. Education and awareness campaigns will play a crucial role in encouraging sustainable behavior, while regulations and policies will also be put in place to ensure compliance. In order to effectively address the environmental challenges we face, strong international cooperation will be essential, with countries coming together to set ambitious targets and take collective action to protect the planet for future generations.中文翻译: 到2024年，随着气候变化变得日益紧迫，环境保护的重要性将继续增长。

2024年自考英语二作文押题英文回答：As language plays a pivotal role in shaping our perspectives and experiences, the debate over the significance of learning foreign languages has been a subject of extensive discussion and debate. While some individuals contend that studying foreign languages is an endeavor of immense value, others argue that such efforts may be futile and unnecessary. In this essay, we will critically examine the arguments for and against learning foreign languages, ultimately reaching a nuanced understanding of the merits and potential drawbacks of this pursuit.Firstly, proponents of foreign language learning highlight its cognitive benefits. Studies have demonstrated that individuals who acquire proficiency in foreign languages experience enhanced cognitive flexibility, improved memory, and increased attention span. By immersingoneself in a new language, one simultaneously absorbs a distinct cultural context, fostering a deeper understanding of diverse perspectives and worldviews. Furthermore, foreign language learning has been linked to improved academic performance in other subjects, particularly those involving critical thinking and problem-solving.Secondly, foreign language proficiency opens up a world of opportunities for personal and professional growth. In an increasingly interconnected global society, the ability to communicate effectively in multiple languages is a highly sought-after skill in various fields, including business, diplomacy, and education. Additionally, foreign language learning enables individuals to connect with people from different cultures, fostering cross-cultural understanding and promoting empathy. Traveling abroad becomes more accessible and enjoyable when one can engage with locals in their native tongue, enriching the旅途experience.However, opponents of foreign language learning argue that the investment of time and resources is often notjustified by the perceived benefits. They contend that in today's technologically advanced world, machine translation tools can adequately handle communication across language barriers, rendering foreign language learning redundant. Moreover, they assert that the effort required to attain fluency in a foreign language is often disproportionate to the practical advantages it may offer, especially for individuals who do not intend to work or live in a foreign country.Furthermore, some critics argue that foreign language learning can be detrimental to one's native language proficiency. They contend that excessive focus on foreign languages may lead to interference and confusion in one's native tongue, potentially hindering communication skills in their first language. This concern is particularly relevant for young learners who may not yet have fully developed their native language skills.In conclusion, the debate over the significance of learning foreign languages is a complex and multifaceted one. While there are undoubtedly cognitive and personalbenefits associated with foreign language proficiency, itis essential to weigh these against the potential drawbacks and opportunity costs involved. Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to learn a foreign language is a personal one that should be carefully considered based on individual circumstances and aspirations.中文回答：在语言对我们的观点和经历起到至关重要的作用的情况下，关于学习外语重要性的争论一直是广泛讨论和争论的话题。

Title: Anticipating and Preparing for the English II Composition Exam inGuangdong's 2024 Self-taught ExamAs the clock ticks towards the approaching Guangdong Self-taught Exam in 2024, the anticipation and anxiety among candidates are palpable. Among the various subjects, English II often stands out as a significant challenge, particularly the composition section. Given the importance of this segment in determining overall scores, it is imperative for candidates to anticipate potential topics and prepare accordingly.To start, understanding the trends and patterns in past English II composition exams is crucial. Over the years, the exam has demonstrated a preference for topics that are relevant to contemporary society, cultural diversity, and personal growth. Therefore, candidates should be well-versed in current affairs, cultural nuances, and personal development narratives.Moreover, the exam often emphasizes critical thinking and analytical skills. This means that candidates should be prepared to delve into deeper meanings, evaluate arguments,and formulate well-reasoned opinions. Practicing essay writing that incorporates these skills is essential for success.In addition to content preparation, candidates should also focus on honing their writing techniques. Clear and concise language, proper grammar, and coherent structure are key to scoring high marks. Regular practice and feedback from teachers or mentors can help candidates identify and correct weaknesses in their writing.Lastly, it is important to remember that while anticipating and preparing for potential topics is useful, true success in the exam lies in a solid foundation of knowledge and skills. Candidates should aim to develop a comprehensive understanding of the language, culture, and society surrounding English II, as this will enable them to tackle any topic with confidence.In conclusion, preparing for the English II composition exam in Guangdong's 2024 Self-taught Exam requires a combination of anticipating potential topics, honingwriting skills, and developing a solid foundation of knowledge. By following these guidelines and putting in thenecessary effort, candidates can increase their chances of scoring high marks and achieving their academic goals.**广东2024年自考英语二作文押题预测与备考策略** 随着广东2024年自考日益临近，考生们的期待与焦虑情绪愈发明显。