生物学专业英语：The Life of a Plant

(包围植物细胞液泡的)液泡膜tonoplast n.(跛子用的) 拐杖, 支撑, 帮助 crutch n.(产于非洲刚果河以南的)倭黑猩猩[源自非洲当地语]bonobo n.(法语中的) 英语外来语Franglais n.(俚语)脑袋 block n.(生) 进化枝,分化枝clade n.(生物)群体colony n.(时间) 短暂, (讲话, 文章等) 简短brevity n.(使)异化, (使)发生分解代谢catabolize v.(谈话, 写作等的) 题目, 主题 theme n.(学位)论文, 专题, 论述, 学术演讲dissertation n.(一种使用广泛的药物设计方法) 定量构效方法（quantitative structure-activity relationship ） QSAR n. (遗传)倒位 inversion n.(遗传)多倍体化 polyploidization n.[用作单或复](尤指生物体的) 形态测定,形态特征 morphometrics n.n. 启动子分析 promoter analysissmooth endoplasmic reticulum光滑内质网x-射线晶体学 x-ray crystallography n.X-射线衍射 X-ray diffraction阿尔茨海默病（即老年痴呆）Alzheimer's disease n.艾德曼降解法 Edman degradation n.把...作成公式, 用公式表示formulate vt.百科全书encyclopedia n.半科普的 semi-popular adj.胞嘧啶 cytosine n.比较的, 相当的 n.比较级comparative adj.编制目录 catalogue vt.扁囊，池，封闭的膜系统及其围成的腔构成网状膜结构cistena n.表达cDNA序列标签expressed cDNA sequence tag (EST) n.表面等离谐振。

《生物专业英语》教学大纲课程编号B08000081 学时36学时学分2学分一、课程的性质和任务生物专业英语是面向生物科学、技术高年级本科生开设的限选课程，本课程教学内容主要涉及普通生物、微生物学、遗传学、分子生物学、生态学等领域的专业基础知识。

通过本课程，扩大专业英语的词汇量，掌握专业英语书刊的阅读技巧、了解文献检索及写作知识。

木课程是帮助已有一定英语基础的学牛提高其阅读、翻译专业英语的能力。

旨在拓宽学生的专业词汇量和阅读量，力求将英语与专业紧密结合，了解科技论文的文体特点和写作方法，为将来的学术论文的阅读写作和交流打下坚实的基础。

二、相关课程的衔接本课程的先修课为大学英语，科技论文写作可作为后续课程。

三、教学的基本要求大学英语的学习使学生掌握了一•定的英语词汇和语法，专业英语则是重点提高专业英语的词汇量，掌握专业英语文献的阅读技巧、了解文献检索及写作知识；是今后学术论文撰写的必需前提。

四、教学方法与重点、难点本课程采用自学与讲授相结合，理论与实践相结合的教学方法。

教学屮突出以学生作为主体，运用多媒体等教学手段对其进行专业英语的学习指导。

同时为了提高学生英语听说读写的基础能力，可采取小组讨论式等灵活多样的教学形式，调动其学习积极性。

本课程重点在于向学生介绍学科专业术语和概念，进一步提高阅读、理解英语专业文献的能力；重点讲解英译汉的技巧，培养对科技文献的理解能力，使同学熟练和逐步适应书而语体的特点和表达形式，能够准确、流畅的阅读、翻译生物技术英语文献，并能熟练的掌握英语工具，获取专业所需的信息，初步具备撰写科研论文的能力。

五、建议学时分配讲授内容学时Inside the Living Cell: Structure and Function of Internal Cell Parts 2 Photosynthesis 2Cellular Reproduction: Mitosis and Meiosis 2 Foundations of Genetics 2 Discovering the Chemical Nature of the Gene 2The Origin and Diversity of Life 2Fungi: The Great Decomposers 2Animal Development 2The Origin of Species 2The ecology of population 2 Abstracts in Biological Abstracts 2The ISI web of knowledge platform 2The Handing of Plant Chromosomes 2Plant Tissue Culture Techniques 2 Introduction of biology 2专业英语电影和多媒体 2复习考试 2六、课程考核总成绩满分一百分，包括平时成绩占20% +期末考试成绩80% o七、教材及主要参考书指定教材蒋悟生主编，生物专业英语（第二版），高等教育出版社，2000年。

生物学专业英语期末考试知识点总结一、化学元素符号（31个）HHydrogen ['haɪdrədʒ(ə)n] 氢 B Boron ['bɔːrɒn]硼Be Beryllium [bə'rɪlɪəm] 铍 C Carbon ['kɑːb(ə)n]碳N Nitrogen ['naɪtrədʒ(ə)n] 氮OOxygen ['ɒksɪdʒ(ə)n] 氧F Fluorine ['flʊəriːn]氟Na Sodium ['səʊdɪəm] 钠Mg Magnesium[mæg'niːzɪəm] 镁Al Aluminum [əˈluːmɪnəm] 铝Si Silicon ['sɪlɪk(ə)n] 硅P Phosphorus['fɒsf(ə)rəs] 磷S Sulphur['sʌlfə] 硫Cl Chlorine['klɔːriːn]氯K Potassium [pə'tæsɪəm]钾Ca Calcium ['kælsɪəm]钙Cr Chromium['krəʊmɪəm]铬Mn Manganese['mæŋgəniːz]锰Fe Iron ['aɪən]铁Co Cobalt['kəʊbɔːlt]钴Ni Nickel['nɪk(ə)l] 镍Cu Copper['kɒpə] 铜Zn Zinc[zɪŋk]锌As Arsenic ['ɑːs(ə)nɪk]砷Se Selenium[sɪ'liːnɪəm]硒Mo Molybdenum[mə'lɪbdənəm]钼Ag Silver['sɪlvə]银Cd Cadmium ['kædmɪəm]镉Au Gold[gəʊld] 金Hg Mercury ['mɜːkjərɪ] 汞Pb Lead [liːd] 铅二、数学符号a2a square or a squaredb3 b cube or b cubed[kjuːb]立方c4 c (raised) to the fourth (power) f-1 f to the minus one 0.4 zero (or nought) point four[nɔːt]零0.01point (or decimal) nought one['desɪm(ə)l]小数10.34ten point three fourμ micron ['maɪkrɒn] 微米mm millimeter ['mili,mi:tə]毫米mm2 square millimetermm3cubic millime ter ['kjuːbɪk]立方的cm centimeter [ˈsentɪmiːtə(r)] 厘米cm2square centimetercm3cubic centimeter dm decimeter ['desɪ,miːtə]分米dm2square decimeterdm3 cubic decimeterm meterm2 square meterm3cubic meterkm kilometerkm2 square kilometermL milliliter['mili,li:tə]毫升L liter ['li:tə] 升a acre ['eɪkə] 英亩ha hectare ['hekteə]公顷g gramme [ɡræm] 克mg milligramme ['miligræm]毫克kg kilogramme ['kiləuɡræm]千克t tonne [tʌn]吨三、期刊杂志全称与简写英文全称英文缩写中文全称Annual Review of Biochemistry Annu Rev Biochem 生物化学年刊Cell Cell 细胞Annual Review of Cell Biology Annu Rev Cell Biol 细胞生物学年刊The Journal of the Federation of AmericanSociety for Experimental BiologyFASEB Journal （FASEB J ）美国实验生物学联合会刊European Molecular Biology Organization EMBO Journal （EMBO J）欧洲分子生物学杂志Trends in Biochemical Sciences Trends Biochem Sci 生物化学科学进展Molecular and Cellular Biology MolCell Biol 分子与细胞生物学杂志Journal of Biological Chemistry J Biol Chem 生物化学期刊Plant Cell Plant Cell 植物细胞Molecular Pharmacology Mol Pharmacol 分子药理学DNA Cell Biology DNA Cell Biol DNA细胞生物学Journal of Molecular Biology J Mol Biol 分子生物学期刊Biochemistry Biochemistry 生物化学Cell Growth and Differentiation CellGrowthDiffer 细胞生长与分化Methods in Enzymology Method Enzymol 酶学方法Molecular Microbiology Mol Microbiol 分子微生物学Journal of Neurochemistry J Neurochem 神经化学杂志Progress in Biophysics & MolecularBiologyProgBiophysMolBiol 生物物理和分子生物学进展Advances in Microbial Physiology Adv Microb Physiol 微生物生理学进展Molecular Biology and Evolution MolBioEvol 分子生物学与进化Journal of Cellular Biochemistry J Cell Biochem 细胞生物化学杂志Molecular Biology and Medicine Mol BiolMed 分子生物学与药学Federation of European BiochemistrySociety FEBS Letters ( FEBS Lett)欧洲生物化学学会联合会杂志Plant Molecular Biology Plant Mol Biol 植物分子生物学Journal of Molecular Evolution J Mol Evol 分子进化杂志Analytical Biochemistry Anal Biochem 分析生物化学Molecular Immunology MolImmunol 分子免疫学Neurochemical Research NeurochemRes 神经化学研究Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry MolCellBiochem 分子与细胞生物化学Molecular Biology Report Mol Biol Rep 分子生物学报告Proceedings of National Academy ofsciences USA PROC NATL ACADSCI USA美国国家科学院院刊四、作文1. Topic or title or head.2. Authors and their institutes.3. Abstract4. Introduction5. Materials and Methods6. Results7. Discussion8. References or literatures cited.How to write a report or paperA paperconsists of 8partsEnglish description英文叙述Chinese narrative中文叙述Part1.Topic or titleor head.(主题/标题/头)Concise and informative 简洁而信息量丰富Part2.Authors and their institutes. （作者及其所在研究机构）The name(s) of the auther(s)The affiliation(s) and address(es) of the auther(s)The e-mail address,telephone and fax numbers of the corresponding auther作者姓名作者的隶属机构和地址通讯作者的电子邮件地址，电话号码以及传真号。

生物专业英语第六课：The origin and diversity of lifecosmic['kɔzmik]adj. 宇宙的（等于cosmical）explosion英[ik'spləʊʒ(ə)n; ek-] 美[ik'sploʒən]bang英[bæŋ]美[bæŋ] n.重击；突然巨响adv. 直接地；砰然地；突然巨响地condensed [kən'denst]adj. 浓缩的；扼要的vt. 浓缩（condense的过去分词）primordial [prai'mɔ:diəl]adj. 原始的；根本的；原生的原始的| 本初的| 最初的roughly ['rʌfli]adv. 粗糙地；概略地layers ['leiəz]n. 图层面板，图层集合（layer复数形式）；层面板solid ['sɔlid]adj. 固体的；可靠的；立体的；结实的；一致的n. 固体；立方体crust [krʌst]n. 地壳；外壳；面包皮；坚硬外皮vi. 结硬皮；结成外壳mantle ['mænt(ə)l]n. 地幔；斗篷；覆盖物vi. 覆盖；脸红vt. 覆盖molten ['məult(ə)n]adj. 熔化的；铸造的；炽热的v. 换毛；脱毛（molt过去分词）composition [kɔmpə'ziʃ(ə)n]n. 作文，作曲，作品；[材] 构成；合成物；组成nonliving [nɒn'liviŋ]adj. 无生命的；非生物的prelife ['pri:laif]n. 前世，前生pioneering [paiə'niəriŋ]adj. 首创的；先驱的miller ['milə]n.人名；(西、葡)米列尔；米勒Urey ['juəri]尤里（美国化学家，曾获1934年诺贝尔化学奖）monomer ['mɒnəmə]n. 单体；单元结构；单体；单分子物体；单基体amino [ə'mi:nəʊ; ə'mainəʊ]adj. 氨基的；胺基nucleic [nju:'kli:ik]核的；核酸polymers ['pɔliməs]n. [高分子] 聚合物；[高分子] 高分子（polymer的复数）proteinoid ['prəʊti:nɔid]类蛋白质；类蛋白nuclei ['nju:kliai]n. 核心，核子；原子核（nucleus的复数形式）polymerization [,pɔlimərai'zeiʃn]n. 聚合；[高分子] 聚合作用clay [klei]n. [土壤] 粘土；泥土；肉体；似黏土的东西aggregates ['ægrigət]n. 总量；合体（aggregate的复数）；聚合物polymer ['pɒlimə]n. [高分子] 聚合物；聚合体droplets ['drɒplit]n. [流] 液滴（droplet的复数）；飞沫liposome ['lipəusəum, 'lai-]脂质体| 微脂粒| 微脂囊microsphere ['maikrə(ʊ)sfiə(r)]微球| 微球体| 中心体lipid ['lipid]n. [生化] 脂质；油脂bilayer ['baileiə]n. 双分子层（膜）phospholipid [,fɒsfə(ʊ)'lipid]n. [生化] 磷脂precursor [pri'kɜ:sə]n. 先驱，前导mimic ['mimik]vt. 模仿，摹拟adj. 模仿的，模拟的；假装的动名词mimicking ribozyme ['raibəzaim]n. 酶性核酸；核糖酶catalyst ['kæt(ə)list]n. [物化] 催化剂；刺激因素catalytic [,kætə'litik]adj. 接触反应的；起催化作用的n. 催化剂；刺激因素metabolic [,metə'bɔlik]adj. 变化的；新陈代谢的fossil ['fɔs(ə)l; -sil]化石；地壳中包存的属于古地质年代的动物或植物的遗体anaerobic [[,æneə'rəubik]]厌氧法| 厌氧的| 无氧的heterotroph ['hetərəutrɔf]n. [生物] 异养生物autotrophs [ɔtə,trɔfs]n. [生物] 自养生物（autotroph的复数）ozone ['əuzəun]n. [化学] 臭氧；新鲜的空气penetration [peni'treiʃ(ə)n]n. 渗透；突破；侵入；洞察力ultraviolet [ʌltrə'vaiələt]adj. 紫外的；紫外线的n. 紫外线辐射，紫外光shallow ['ʃæləʊ]n. [地理] 浅滩adj. 浅的；肤浅的aerobic [[eə'rəʊbik]]有氧的；需氧的；好气inner [inə]adj. 内部的；内心的；精神的partially ['pɑ:ʃ(ə)li]adv. 部分地；局部地segment ['segm(ə)nt]n. 段；部分continental [kɒnti'nent(ə)l]adj. 大陆的；大陆性的drift [drift]n. 漂流，漂移；趋势；漂流物sculpt [skʌlpt]vt. vi. 造型；雕刻accompany [ə'kʌmpəni]vt. 陪伴，伴随；伴奏过去式accompanied occasional [ə'keiʒ(ə)n(ə)l]adj. 偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的extinction [ik'stiŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n; ek-]n. 消失；消灭；废止；灭绝glaciation ['glesi'eʃən]冰川作用；冰蚀现象；冻结成冰orbit ['ɔ:bit]n. 轨道；vt. 绕轨道而行taxonomy [tæk'sɒnəmi]n. 分类学；分类法binomial [bai'nəʊmiəl]n. [数] 二项式；二种名称adj. 二项式的；二种名称的nomenclature [nə(ʊ)'meŋklətʃə; 'nəʊmən,kleitʃə]n. 命名法；术语Linnaeus [li'ni(:)əs]n. 林奈（瑞典博物学家，建立了植物等级）categorize ['kætəgəraiz]vt. 分类genus ['dʒi:nəs; 'dʒenəs]n. 类，种；[生物] 属phylum ['failəm]n. 门（分类）；动物门kingdom ['kiŋdəm]n. 王国；界（分类）；领域division [di'viʒ(ə)n]n. [数] 除法；部门；分割；师（军队）；赛区subfield ['sʌbfi:ld]n. [数] 子域；分区anatomy [ə'nætəmi]n. 解剖；解剖学；剖析；骨骼comparative [kəm'pærətiv]adj. 比较的；相当的define [di'fain]vt. 定义；使明确；规定taxon ['tæksɒn]n. [生物] 分类单元；分类学复数taxamorphological [,mɔ:fə'lɒdʒikəl]adj. 形态学的criterion [krai'tiəriən]n. （批评判断的）标准；准则；规范；准据clade [kleid]n. 分化枝；进化枝ancestor ['ænsestə]n. 始祖，祖先；被继承人phylogenetic [,failədʒi'netik]adj. [生物] 系统发生的；动植物种类史的graphic ['græfik]adj. 形象的；图表的；绘画似的；图像representation [,reprizen'teiʃ(ə)n]n. 代表；表现；表示法；陈述graphic representation 图示法| 图形表示法kingdoms monera [məu'ni:rə]原核生物界protista ['prəutistə]n. 原生生物；真核原生生物界plantae ['plæn,ti:]n. 植物界animalia [,æni'meiliə]n. 动物类；动物界organizational [,ɔ:ɡənai'zeiʃənl]adj. 组织的；编制的。

Inside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell PartsCytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。

细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。

细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。

细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。

The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。

生物学英语中英对照1. 遗传学 Genetics基因 Gene染色体 Chromosome遗传变异 Genetic variation2. 细胞生物学 Cell Biology细胞 Cell细胞核 Nucleus细胞膜 Cell membrane3. 生态学 Ecology生态系统 Ecosystem生物多样性 Biodiversity生物群落 Biome4. 分子生物学 Molecular Biology蛋白质 Protein核酸 Nucleic acid酶 Enzyme5. 发育生物学 Developmental Biology胚胎发育 Embryonic development细胞分化 Cell differentiation形态发生 Morphogenesis6. 植物学 Botany叶绿体 Chloroplast光合作用 Photosynthesis根系 Root system7. 动物学 Zoology器官 Organ组织 Tissue神经系统 Nervous system8. 微生物学 Microbiology细菌 Bacteria病毒 Virus真菌 Fungus9. 生物化学 Biochemistry代谢 MetabolismATP（三磷酸腺苷） ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)酶促反应 Enzymatic reaction10. 生理学 Physiology心脏 Heart肺 Lung肝脏 Liver生物学英语中英对照（续）11. 进化生物学 Evolutionary Biology自然选择 Natural selection物种形成 Speciation进化树 Evolutionary tree12. 行为生物学 Behavioral Biology繁殖行为 Reproductive behavior领域行为 Territorial behavior社会行为 Social behavior13. 神经生物学 Neurobiology神经元 Neuron突触 Synapse神经递质 Neurotransmitter14. 免疫学 Immunology抗体 Antibody免疫系统 Immune system炎症 Inflammation15. 营养学 Nutrition蛋白质 Protein碳水化合物 Carbohydrate脂肪 Fat16. 遗传工程 Genetic Engineering基因克隆 Gene cloning基因编辑 Gene editing转基因技术 Genetic modification 17. 生态遗传学 Ecological Genetics种群 Population环境适应性 Environmental adaptation遗传漂变 Genetic drift18. 生物信息学 Bioinformatics基因组学 Genomics蛋白质组学 Proteomics生物数据挖掘 Bioinformatics data mining19. 生物统计学 Biostatistics实验设计 Experimental design数据分析 Data analysis显著性检验 Significance test20. 环境生物学 Environmental Biology环境污染 Environmental pollution生态修复 Ecological restoration生物降解 Biodegradation这份生物学英语中英对照文档旨在帮助您更全面地了解生物学领域的专业术语。

Course Syllabus for Plant Biology (Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University)( Revised: March 2007)Course Code：15010074Course type：Major-Specific Required Course (MSR)Total Hours：60 hoursCredits：3.5Ⅰ. Course Nature, Description, Goals and RequirementsCourse Nature:Plant Biology is a Major-Specific Required Course for students in National Base of Life and Technology Education.Course Description and Goals:This course addresses structure and function of plant organs and plant diversity, focusing on basic concepts, theory, and research methods of plant biology. The course aims to help students (1) understand the relationships among morphology and anatomy of a plant, its functions and the ecological environment, (2) apprehend symbioses and co-evolutionary relationships between or among different kinds of plants, and with other groups of organisms, and (3) comprehend the relationships among variation, adaptation, evolution, and diversity in the plant kingdom. The course is also designed to foster students’ desire and ability to find, analyze and solve scientific problems in plant science. In addition, the course will improve students in reading English literatures of biology, writing and communicating with people in English.Requirements:All students must attend classes and actively participate in class discussion and other activities, and are required to preview the textbook.II. Course Schedule and T opicsTopics Hours 1. The plant cell 2(1) The cell wall(2) Plastids(3) The vacuole2. Tissues 23. Stems 4(1) Primary structure of stems(2) Secondary structure of stems4. Roots 25. Leaves 26. Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds 8(1) The flower structure (2)(2) The inflorescences (1)(3) Pollination (2)(4) The fruits (2)(5) The seeds (1)7. Water in Plant 48. Plant Metabolism 89. Growth 410. Plant Names and Classification 211. Protista (Algi) 212. Fungi 213. Bryophytes 114. Ferns 115. Gymnosperms 416. Angiosperms 1217. Ecology outside class reading18. Biomes outside class readingⅢ. Teaching Methods1. Bilingual Teaching: Use original English textbook, and do the lectures mainly in English.2. Use the multimedia courseware made by ourselves.3. Apply case teaching and heuristic teaching.4. This course is also student-centered, which values and encourages students’ involvement and English expression. Students are asked to do a lot of class activities such as class discussion, observing plant materials, and so on.IV. Course Grading:Final exam: (1) Close-book, written exam; (2) English test paper; (3) Students have to answer questions on test paper in English.Grading:Homework:10% :Class discussions:10%Mid-term exam:30%Final exam: 50%V. Textbook :Kingsley R. Stern. 2004. Introductory Plant Biology (9th ed.). Beijing: China Higher Education Press.VI. References:1. Lack A. J., Evans D. E.. 2002. Plant Biology. Beijing: Science Press.2. Zhou Y. L. (周云龙). 1999. Plant Biology. Beijing: China Higher Education Press.3. Ynag S.J. ( 杨世杰). 2000. Plant Biology. Beijing: Science Press.4. Pan R.Z. (潘瑞帜). 2004. Plant Physiology (5th ed.). Beijing: China HigherEducation Press.5. Liu S. X. (刘胜祥), LI W. P. (黎维平). 2007. Botany. Beijing: Science Press.6. Li W. P. (黎维平). 1997. Learning Guide for Botany. Wuhan: Hubei Science andTechnology Press.7. Lu W. S.( 陆时万), et al.. 1991. Botany. Beijing: China Higher Education Press.附：教材更新前的大纲：Course Syllabus for Plant Biology (Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University)(September 2004)Course Code：15010074Course type：Major-Specific Required Course (MSR)Total Hours：50 hoursCredits：3.5Ⅰ. Course Nature, Description, Goals and RequirementsCourse Nature:Plant Biology is a Major-Specific Required Course for students in National Base of Life and Technology Education.Course Description and Goals:This course addresses structure and function of plant organs and plant diversity, focusing on basic concepts, theory, and research methods of plant biology. The course aims to help students (1) understand the relationships among morphology and anatomy of a plant, its functions and the ecological environment, (2) apprehend symbioses and co-evolutionary relationships between or among different kinds of plants, and with other groups of organisms, and (3) comprehend the relationships among variation, adaptation, evolution, and diversity in the plant kingdom. The course is also designed to foster students’ desire and ability to find, analyze and solve scientific problems in plant science. In addition, the course will improve students in reading English literatures of biology, writing and communicating with people in English.Requirements:All students must attend classes and actively participate in class discussion and other activities, and are required to preview the textbook.II. Course Schedule and T opicsTopics Hours Section A The plant cell 2A1 PlastidsA2 The cell wallA3 The vacuoleSection B Vegetative anatomy 8B1 RootsB2 StemsB2-1 Primary structure of stemsB2-2 Secondary structure of stemsB3 LeavesSection C Reproductive morphology and anatomy 8C1 The flowerC2 The inflorescencesC3 The seedsC4 The fruitsSection D Pollination 2Section E The life history 2 Section F Plant diversity 1 Section G The alagae 1 Section H The Fungi 1 Section I The bryophytes 1 Section J The ferns 1Section K Seed plants 11K1 GymnospermK1-1 Cycads and GingkoK1-2 Conifers and GnetalesK2 AngiospermK2-1 Primitive dicotyledons: MagnoliaceaeK2-2 Eudicotyledons: Rosaceae,AsteraceaeK2-3 Monocotyledons: Poaceae, Liliaceae, OrchidaceaeSection L Plant and water 3 L1 Properties of waterL2 Water movementL3 TranspirationL4 Water transport in rootsL5 Stomatal action and regulationSection M Mineral nutrients 2 M1 Movement of nutrients ions across membranesM2 Uptake of mineral nutrients by plantsM3 Functions of mineral nutrientsSection N Photosynthesis 6 N1 Photosynthetic pigmentsN2 Major reactions of photosynthesisN3 C3 and C4 plants and CAMSection O Regulation of growth and development 3O1 AurinsO2 EthyleneO3 GibberellinsO4 CytokininsO5 Abscisic acidO6 Molecular action of hormonesSection P Phytochrome, photoperiodism and photomorphogenesis 2P1 PhotomorphogenesisP2 PhotoperiodismP3 PhytochromesP4 Phytochrome responesP5 Phylochrome mechanismsⅢ. Teaching Methods1. Bilingual Teaching: Use original English textbook, and do the lectures mainly in English.2. Use the multimedia courseware made by ourselves.3. Apply case teaching and heuristic teaching.4. This course is also student-centered, w hich values and encourages students’ involvement and English expression. Students are asked to do a lot of class activities such as class discussion, observing plant materials, and so on.IV. Course Grading:Final exam: (1) Close-book, written exam; (2) English test paper; (3) Students have to answer questions on test paper in English.Grading:Homework:10% :Class discussions:10%Mid-term exam:30%Final exam: 50%V. Textbook :Lack A. J., Evans D. E.. 2002. Plant Biology. Beijing: Science Press. VI. References:1. Kingsley R. Stern. 2004. Introductory Plant Biology (9th ed.). Beijing: China Higher EducationPress.2. Zhou Y. L. (周云龙). 1999. Plant Biology. Beijing: China Higher Education Press.3. Ynag S.J. ( 杨世杰). 2000. Plant Biology. Beijing: Science Press.4. Pan R.Z. (潘瑞帜). 2004. Plant Physiology (5th ed.). Beijing: China HigherEducation Press.5. Li W. P. (黎维平). 1997. Learning Guide for Botany. Wuhan: HUbei Science andTechnology Press.6. Lu W. S.( 陆时万), et al.. 1991. Botany. Beijing: China Higher Education Press.。

中考英语植物知识单选题50题1. The leaves of the rose are _____.A. green and smallB. big and redC. yellow and longD. blue and short答案：A。

本题考查植物特征的描述。

玫瑰的叶子通常是绿色且较小的，A选项符合实际情况。

B选项“big and red”（ 大且红）不符合玫瑰叶子的特征；C选项“yellow and long”（黄色且长）也不符合；D 选项“blue and short” 蓝色且短）更不符合常理。

2. Which of the following is a kind of tree?A. LilyB. GrassC. BambooD. Oak答案：D。

本题考查植物的分类。

Lily（ 百合花）是花卉，不是树；Grass 草）是草本植物；Bamboo 竹子）虽然高大，但通常不被视为树；Oak 橡树）是一种树，D选项正确。

3. The flower of the sunflower is _____.A. whiteB. purpleC. yellowD. black答案：C。

向日葵的花通常是黄色的，C选项正确。

A选项“white” 白色）、B选项“purple”（ 紫色）、D选项“black”（ 黑色）都不符合向日葵花的常见颜色。

4. The stem of the lotus is _____.A. short and thickB. long and thinC. short and thinD. long and thick答案：B。

荷花的茎通常是又长又细的，B选项符合。

A选项“short and thick” 短且粗）、C选项“short and thin” 短且细）、D选项“long and thick” 长且粗）均不符合荷花茎的特征。

5. The fruit of the apple tree is _____.A. round and redB. square and greenC. triangle and yellowD. oval and black答案：A。

2.4 dinitrophenol 2.4 二硝基苯酚3 hydroxyanthranilic acid 3 羟基 2 氨基苯甲酸5 bromouracil 5 溴尿嘧啶a horizon a 层a v node 房室结abasia 步行不能abaxial 背轴的abaxial surface of the leaf 叶侧表面abbreviation 短缩abdomen 腹abdominal aorta 腹织脉abdominal appendage 腹肢abdominal cavity 腹腔abdominal fin 腹abdominal ganglion 腹神经节abdominal leg 腹肢abdominal pleopod 腹足abdominal pregnancy 腹腔妊娠abdominal reflex 腹壁反射abdominal respiration 腹呼吸abdominal segment 腹部环节abdominal wall 腹壁abdonimal 腹的abducens nerve 外展神经abducent muscle 外展肌abducent nerve 外展神经abductor 外展肌aberrant 异常的aberrant type 异常型aberration 异常aberration rate 畸变率abesity 多脂abietic acid 松脂酸ability 力ability for tillering 分蘖力abiogenesis 偶发abiogenetic 自然发生的abiological 非生物的abiosis 无生命abiotic 无生命的abiotic environment 无生命环境abiotic factor 非生物因素abiotic synthesis 非生物合成ablactation 断乳ablastin 抑菌抗体ablation 消融abnormal 不正常的abnormal haemoglobin 异常血红蛋白abnormal segregation 异常分离abnormality 异常性abo antigen abo 抗原abo blood group abo 血型abomasum 皱胃aboral pole 反口极aborigine 土著居民abortin 龙素abortion 龙abortive 龙的abortive infection 顿挫性感染abortive lysogenization 龙溶源化abortive pollen 败育花粉abortive transduction 龙转导above ground 地面上的abranchiata 无鳃类abrine 红豆碱abscess 脓肿abscessus 脓肿abscisic acid 脱落酸absciss layer 离层abscission 脱离abscission layer 离层abscission zone 离层带absence 缺乏absolute alcohol 绝对酒精absolute configuration 绝对构型absolute deviation 绝对偏差absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute specificity 绝对特异性absolute temperature 绝对温度absorbent 吸收的absorbentl 吸收剂absorbing 吸收的absorbing material 吸收剂absorption 吸收absorption band 吸收带absorption capacity 吸收力absorption cross 替换回交absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption intensity 吸收强度absorption spectrum 吸收光谱absorptive 吸收的absorptive capacity 吸收力absorptive capacity of the coil 土壤吸取力absorptive cell 吸收细胞absorptive epithelium 吸收上皮absorptive hair 吸收毛absorptive power 吸收力absorptive tissue 吸收组织absorptivity 消光系数abstergent 清洁剂abstract community 抽象群落abstriction 溢断abterminal 离末端的abula cral foot 管足abundance 多度;丰富abundance of species 种丰度abyssal fauna 深海动物相abyssal zone 深海底带abzyme 抗体酶acacia 阿剌伯橡acanthin 棘质acanthocarpous 具刺果的acanthocephalans 棘头类acanthoid 刺状的acardia 无心脏acariasis 螨病acarid 螨acarinosis 螨病acariosis 螨病acarology 蜱螨学acarophily 螨植共生acarpous 无果实的acaulescent 无茎的acaulescent plant 无茎植物acauline 无茎的acaulose 无茎的acaulous 无茎的acceleration 加速accelerator 加速剂accelerator nerve 加速神经accelerator protein 促进朊accelerin 促凝血球蛋白acceptor 接受体acceptor control 受体第acceptor molecule 受体分子accessory adrenal 副肾上腺accessory axis 副轴accessory bud 副芽accessory chromosome 副染色体accessory glands 附腺accessory pigment 辅色素accessory placenta 副胎盘accessory pulsation organ 辅助搏动器accessory pulsatory organ 辅助搏动器accidental 偶然的accidental degeneracy 偶然退化accidental error 偶然误差accidental hermaphroditism 假雌雄同体现象accidental host 偶见寄主accidental regeneration 偶然再生accidental species 偶见种acclimatation 风土顺化acclimation 风土顺化acclimatization 风土顺化accommodation 蝶accommodation coefficient 适应系数accompanying species 伴生种accrescent 花后增大的accretion 增加accumbent 依伏的accumulated error 累积误差accumulated temperature 温度总和accumulation 累积accumulation of fat 脂肪累积accumulator organism 积蓄生物accuracy 准确acellular organism 非细胞生物acentric chromosome 无着丝粒染色体acentric dicentric translocation 无着丝粒二着丝粒移位acentric inversion 无着丝粒倒位acephalous larva 无头幼虫acerate 针状的acerose 针状的acerous 针状的acervate 聚生的acervuloma 沙瘤acervulus 分生孢子盘acetabulum 臼acetaldehyde 乙醛acetate 乙酸盐acetic acid 醋酸acetic acid bacterium 醋细菌acetic acid fermentation 醋酸发酵acetic anhydride 醋酐acetic fermentation 醋酸发酵acetification 乙酸化aceto carmine 乙酸洋红acetoacetic acid 乙酰醋酸acetobacter 醋细菌acetoin 3 羟基丁酮acetone 丙酮acetone body 酮体acetone butanol fermentation 丁基丙酮发酵acetone ethanol fermentation 乙基丙酮发酵acetone powder 酮粉acetyl coa 乙酰辅酶 aacetyl phosphate 乙酰磷酸acetylation 乙酰化acetylcellulose 乙酰纤维素acetylcholine 乙酰胆碱acetylcholine receptor 乙酰胆碱受体acetylcholinesterase 乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylcoenzyme a 乙酰辅酶 a acetylization 乙酰化ache 痛acheb 短生植被区achene 瘦果achenium 瘦果achenocarp 瘦果achlamydate 无被的achlamydeous 无被的achromacyte 无色红血球achromasie 核中染色质排出achromatic 非染色质的achromatic figure 非染色质象achromatic spindle 非染色质纺锤体achromatin 非染色质achromatocyte 无色红血球achromatophilia 不染色性achromatopsia 色盲achromatosis 色素缺乏achromycin 无色酶素acicle 针acicula 针acicular 针状的acicular leaf 针状叶acicular leaved tree 针叶树aciculum 足刺acid 酸acid base catalysator 酸碱催化剂acid base equilibrium 酸碱平衡acid base phosphorylation 酸碱磷酸化acid base titration 酸碱滴定acid decomposition 酸分解acid dye 酸性染料acid fast 耐酸的acid fast bacteria 耐酸菌acid fast staining 抗酸性染色acid fermentation 酸性发酵acid fuchsin 酸性品红acid fuchsine 酸性品红acid gland 酸腺acid mucopolysaccharide 酸性粘多糖acid neutralization capacity 酸中和能力acid nonfast 不耐酸的acid nonresistant 不耐酸的acid phosphatase 酸性磷酸酶acid plants 适酸植物acid proof 耐酸的acid protease 酸性蛋白酶acid rain 酸雨acid resistance 酸抗性acid resistant 耐酸的acid soil 酸性土壤acid solution 酸性溶液acid stainer 酸性染料acid treatment 酸处理acid value 酸值acidic agglutination 酸性凝集acidic amino acid 酸性氨基酸acidic dye 酸性染料acidification 酸化acidimeter 酸定量器acidimetry 酸量法acidity 酸度acidity indicator 酸性指示植物acidity indicator plant 酸性指示植物acidocyte 嗜酸性白血球acidolysis 酸解acidophil 适酸的acidophilia 嗜酸性acidophilic 嗜酸的acidophilous 嗜酸的acidophilous plant 嗜酸植物acidophyte 酸性植物类acidophytes 适酸植物acidosis 酸中毒acidotrophic 酸营养的acidotrophic lake 酸性湖acidulous 弱酸性的acinose 粒状的acinous 粒状的acinous gland 泡状腺acme 极盛期aconitase 乌头酸酶aconite 乌头aconitic acid 乌头酸aconitin 乌头碱aconitine 乌头碱acontium 枪丝acorn 槲果acotyledon 无子叶植物acotyledonous 无子叶的acoustic 听觉的acoustic cell 听细胞acoustic nerve 听神经acoustic vesicle 听囊acoustical 听觉的acoustical signal 音信号acquired antibody 获得抗体acquired character 获得特征acquired immune deficiency syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合征艾滋病acquired immunity 获得性免疫缺陷综合征后天免疫acquired resistance 获得抵抗性acquired tolerance 获得耐受性acquisition 获得acrania 无头类acrasin 聚集素acridine 吖啶acriflavine 吖啶黄素acritochromacy 色盲acritochromatocy 色盲acroblast 原顶体acrocarpic 顶果的acrocarpous 顶果的acrocentric 具近端着丝点的acrogamy 顶端受精acrolein 丙烯醛acromegaly 肢端肥大症acromicria 短肢acromion 肩峰acropetal 向顶的acrosome 顶体acrospore 顶生孢子acrosyndese 端部联会acrosyndesis 端部联会acrylamide gel 丙烯酰胺凝胶acrylic acid 丙烯酸act 行动actin 肌动蛋白actin filament 朊纤蛋白丝actin rehulatory protein 肌动蛋白第蛋白actinobacillus 放线杆菌actinobiology 放射生物学actinometer 日射计actinometry 感光测定actinomorforous 辐射对称的actinomorphic 放射型的actinomorphic flower 辐射对称花actinomorphous 放射型的actinomycetes 放线菌类actinomycin 放线菌素actinomycosis 放线菌病actinophage 放线菌噬菌体actinopodium 放线伪足actinopterygian fishes 辐亚纲鱼类actinostele 星状中柱actinotherapy 光疗法actinotrocha 辐轮幼虫actinotropism 向日性actinozoans 珊烘类actinula 辐射幼虫action 反应规范action current 动诅流action mechanism 酌机制action potential 动诅位action spectrum 活动光谱action system 酌系activated alumina 活性矾土activated molecule 活化分子activated sludge 活性淤泥activated sludge organism 活性淤泥生物activating enzyme 激活酶activation 活化activation centre 激动中心activation energy 活化能activation heat 激活热activation of amino acids 氨基酸活化activator 活化剂active 活性的active acetate 活性醋酸active anaphylaxis 能动过敏症active carbon 活性炭active center 活性中心active immunity 自动免疫active oxygen 活性氧active precursor 活性前体active principle 有效物质active site 活性中心active state 活动状态active substance 有效物质active transfer 织运输active transport 织运输activity 活度activity metabolism 活动代谢activity rhythm 活动节律activity unit 活性单位actomyosin 肌动球蛋白actomyosin thread 肌动球蛋白纤维actynomyces 放线菌类aculeate 有剌的acupuncture 针术acute 急尖的acutiflorous 尖花的acutifoliate 尖叶的acyclic 非轮生的acyclic flower 非轮生花acyclic phyllotaxis 非轮生叶序acyl adenylate 酰基腺苷酸acyl coa synthetase 酰 coa 合成酶acyl enzyme 酰基酶acyl phosphate 酰基的磷酸酯acylase 酰化酶acylation 酰化酌;酰化adamantoblast 成釉细胞adaotative topography 适应地形图adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应adaptation disease 适应病adaptation to light 光适应adaptative control 适应控制adaptative hormone 适应激素adapter 活配器连接物adaptive character 适应特性adaptive colour 适应色adaptive convergence 适应乾adaptive enzyme 诱导酶adaptive hormone 适应激素adaptive phase 适应期adaptive radiation 适应辐射adaptive reaction 适应反应adaptive response 适应响应adaptive significance 适应值adaptive value 适应值adaptometer 适应计adaptor 活配器连接物adaptor molecule 衔接分子adaxial 向轴的adaxial surface of the leaf 叶下面adder 蝮蛇addison's disease 艾迪生氏病addition reaction 加成反应additional fertilizer 追肥additive effect 加性效应additive factor 加性因素additive genetic variance 加性遗传方差additive species 加性种additive variance 加性方差additives 附加剂adductor impression 收肌痕adductor muscle 内收肌adelphogamy 姊妹交配adenase 腺嘌呤酶adenine 腺嘌呤adenine deaminase 腺嘌呤脱氨酶adenocarcinoma 腺癌adenocyte 腺细胞adenofibroma 腺纤维瘤adenohypophysis 腺垂体adenoid 腺样的adenoid tissue 腺样组织adenoma 腺瘤adenomatous carcinoma 腺癌adenophyllous 腺叶的adenosarcoma 腺肉瘤adenose 腺的adenosinase 腺甙酶adenosine 腺苷adenosine diphosphate 腺苷二磷酸adenosine monophosphate 腺苷一磷酸adenosine triphosphatase 腺苷三磷酸酶adenosine triphosphate 腺苷三磷酸adenosylcobalamine 腺甙钴胺生素adenovirus 腺病毒;腙样病毒adenylate 腙甙酸盐adenylate cyclase 腺苷酸环化酶adenylate kinase 腺苷酸激酶adenylic acid 腺苷酸adenylic deaminase 腺苷酸脱氨酶adeps lanae 羊毛脂adequate stimulus 适宜刺激adermin 抗皮炎素adherence 附着adhesion 附着adhesive 粘着性物质adhesive culture 附着培养adhesive disc 吸盘adhesive organ 附着瀑adhesive power 粘着力adhesiveness 粘着性adipic acid 巳二酸adipocellulose 脂纤维素adipochrome 脂肪色素adipogenesis 脂肪生成adipopexis 脂肪沉着adipose 脂肪的adipose cell 脂细胞adipose fin 脂adipose tissue 脂肪组织adiposis hepatica 脂肪肝adipositas 多脂adiposity 肥胖adjoining 并列adjustment 蝶adjustor 蝶器adjuvant 辅助剂administration 投药admissible error 容许误差adnate 联生的adolescaria 后囊蚴adolescarin 后囊蚴adolescence 青年期adonit 侧金蓝醇adonitol 侧金蓝醇adoptive immunity 继承性免疫adoral 口侧的adp 腺苷二磷酸adradial canal 副辐射管adradius 纵辐adrenal body 肾上腺adrenal cortex 肾上腺皮质adrenal cortical hormone 肾上腺皮质激素adrenal ferredoxin 肾上腺铁氧还蛋白adrenal gland 肾上腺adrenal hormone 肾上腺激素adrenal medulla 肾上腺髓质adrenal medullary hormone 肾上腺髓质激素adrenalin 肾上腺素adrenalin dxidase 肾上腺激素氧化酶adrenaline 肾上腺素adrenalinemia 肾上腺素血adrenergic 肾上腺素性的adrenergic nerve 肾上腺素激导性神经adrenin 肾上腺素adrenochrome 肾上腺素红adrenocortical hormone 肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropic hormone 促肾上腺皮质激素adrenodoxin 皮质铁氧还蛋白adrenosterone 肾上腺甾酮adrenotoxin 肾上腺毒素adrenotropic 泅上腺性的adsorbate 吸附物adsorbent 吸着剂adsorption 吸附adsorption capacity 吸附力adsorption chromatography 吸附色谱分析法adsorption equilibrium 吸附平衡adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线adsorption theory 吸附论adsorption water 吸附水adult 已成熟的adult haemoglobin 成人血红蛋白adult moult 羽化advancement of ripening 成熟加速adventitious 不定的adventitious bud 不定芽adventitious embryo 不定胚adventitious plant 偶然产生植物adventitious root 不定根adventitive bud 不定芽adventive 不定的adventive embryo 不定胚adventive root 不定根adventive species 外来种adverse effect 副酌adynamia 无力aecheocyte 原始生殖细胞aecidiospore 锈孢子aecidium 锈孢子器aeciospore 春孢子aeciostage 锈孢子期aedaeagus 阳茎aedeagus 阳茎aedoeology 生殖僻aerated culture 通气培养aerating root 呼吸根aerating tissue 通气组织aeration 通气aerenchyma 通气组织aerial 气生的aerial animal 大气动物aerial hypha 气生菌丝aerial infection 空气传染aerial leaf 气生叶aerial mycelium 气生菌丝体aerial photography 航空摄影aerial respiration 空气呼吸aerial root 气生根aerobacteriological 航空细菌学的aerobe 需气生物aerobic 需氧的aerobic bacteria 好气性细菌aerobic culture 好气培养aerobic fermentation 需氧发酵aerobic glycolysis 有氧糖分解aerobic metabolism 需氧代谢aerobic microorganism 需氧微生物aerobiology 空气生物学aerobiont 需气生物aerobiosis 需气生活aerobiotic 需氧的aeroembolism 气栓aerogenic bacterium 产气细菌aeromycology 大气真菌学aeropalynology 大气孢粉学aeroperitoneum 气腹aeroperitonia 气腹aerophilic 气生的aerophilous 气生的aerophotography 航空摄影aerophyte 气生植物aeroplankton 大气浮游生物aeropleura 气胸aerosol 气溶胶aerotaxis 区性aerothorax 气胸aerotropism 向氧性aesthematology 感觉学aesthesiometry 感觉测量法aesthete 枝状感觉器aestival 夏季的aestival annual plant 一年生植物aestivation 夏眠aetiology 病原学afferent 传入的afferent branchial vessel 入鳃血管afferent canal 输入管afferent duct 输入管afferent nerve 传入神经affinity 亲和性affinity chromatography 亲和层析法affinity labeling 亲和标记affinity of antibody 抗体亲和力afforestation 造林afforesting 造林aflagellar 无鞭毛的aflatoxin 黄曲霉素after discharge 后放after potential 后电位after ripening 后熟after schaft 副羽after sensation 后感觉after swarm 二次分蜂afterbirth 后产afterbrain 后脑afterimage 后象aftershoot 新芽ag complex ag 复合体agalactia 泌乳缺乏agamete 非配子;无性生殖体agamic 无性的agamobium 无性世代agamogenesis 无性生殖agamogony 无配生殖agamont 无融个体agamospecies 无性种agamospermy 无融结籽agamous 无性的agar 琼脂agar block 琼脂片agar culture 琼脂培养agar diffusion method 杯法agar gel 琼脂agar plate 琼脂平面agarics 伞菌类agaropectin 琼脂胶agarose 琼脂糖agarose gel electrophoresis 琼脂糖凝胶电泳age 年龄age at first insemination 头一次受种年龄age at weaning 离乳期age class 龄级age composition 年龄分布age determination 年龄测定age distribution 年龄分布age group 年龄群age structure 年龄分布ageing 衰老agenesia 无生殖力agent 剂ageotropism 非向地性agglomeration 集块agglutinable 可凝集的agglutination 凝集agglutination reaction 凝集反应agglutinin 凝集素agglutinogen 凝集原aggregate 聚集体aggregate fruit 聚合果aggregation 聚集aggregation pheromone 聚集信息素aggregometer 血小板凝集计aggression 攻击袭击aging 老化agitation 激励aglucon 配质aglycon 配质agmatoploid 假多倍性的agmatoploidy 假多倍性agnatha 无颌鱼类agon 辅基agonist 织肌agonistic behavior 反发行为agonistic muscle 织肌agranulocyte 无粒白细胞agressiveness 竞争能力agricultural geography 农业地理学agricultural meteoro 农业气象学agricultural microbiology 农业微生物学agricultural science 农学agriculture 农学agrobacterium 土壤杆菌agrobiology 农业生物学agroe cotype 农业生态型agrology 农业土壤学agrometeorology 农业气象学agronomy 农学agrophytocenosis 农业植物群落agrostography 草本学ague 疟aids 获得性免疫缺陷综合征艾滋病air bladder 浮air borne infection 空气传染air breathing 空气呼吸air cell 肺泡air chamber 气室air conditioning 空气第air current 气流air duct 气道air embolism 气栓air humidity 大气湿度air microorganism 气生微生物air passage 呼吸道air plant 气生植物air pollution 大气污染air pores 气孔air pressure 大气压air sac 气囊air survey 航空摄影airbath 空气浴airing 换气akene 瘦果akinesia 运动不能akinesis 运动不能akinete 厚壁孢子akinetic 无着丝粒的alanine 丙氨酸alar 腋生的alarm call 警报信号alarm pheromone 警报信息素alarm signal 警报信号alarm substance 警报物质alarming colouration 警戒色alary 翼状的alary muscle 翼肌alate 有翼的albiflorous 白花的albinism 白化albino 白化体albino rat 白化鼠albomycin 白霉素albrunum 边材albumen 精蛋白albumen index 卵清指标albumen sac 卵清囊albumin 清蛋白albuminate 清蛋白盐albuminimeter 白蛋白定量器albuminoid 类似蛋白albuminometer 白蛋白定量器albuminometry 蛋白测定法albuminous 蛋白质的albuminous cell 蛋白细胞albuminous gland 蛋白腺albuminous seed 胚乳种子albuminuria 蛋白尿alcalophilic microorganism 适碱性微生物alcaptonuria 尿黑酸尿症alcohlic steroid 醇的类固醇alcohol 醇alcohol dehydrogenase 醇脱氢酶alcohol precipitation 酒精沉淀法alcohol yeast 醇酵母alcoholase 醇酶alcoholic 醇的alcoholic extract 酒精提出物alcoholic fermentation 酒精发酵alcoholism 醇中毒alcoholization 酒精饱和aldehyde 醛aldehyde mutase 醛变位酶alder 桤木aldohexose 己醛糖aldolase 醛缩酶aldopentose 戊醛糖aldose 醛糖aldosterone 醛基甾酮aldotetrose 丁醛糖aldotriose 丙醛糖alecithal 无黄的alecithal egg 无黄卵aletocyte 游走细胞aleuron 糊粉aleurone 糊粉aleurone grain 糊粉粒aleurone layer 糊粉层aleurospore 粉末孢子alexin 补体alfalfa 苜蓿algae 藻类algal fungi 藻状菌algicide 杀藻剂algin 藻胶alginic acid 藻朊酸algology 藻类学aliment 食物alimentary canal 消化道alimentary cycle 食物环alimentary tube 消化道alimentation 营养吸收alimeter 高度计alizarin 茜素alkali 碱alkali labile 碱不稳定的alkali metal 碱金属alkali resistance 耐碱性alkalimetry 碱量滴定法alkaline phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶alkaline plant 适碱性植物alkaline soil 碱性土壤alkalinity 碱性alkalitrophic lake 碱营养湖alkaloid 生物碱alkalosis 碱中毒alkaptonuria 尿黑酸尿症all or none law 全或无定律all or nothing law 全或无定律allantochorion 尿囊绒膜allantoic sac 尿囊allantoic stalk 尿囊茎allantoin 尿囊素allantoin llantoin 尿囊素allantois 尿膜allele 等位基因allele frequency 等位基因频率allelic sequence 等位序列allelism 等位性allelomorph 等位基因allelomorphic series 等位基因系列allelomorphism 等位性allelopathy 远隔酌allelotaxis 异源发生allelotaxy 异源发生allelotype 等位型allergen 过敏原allergic 变应性的allergy 变态反应alliance 群团allin 大蒜素原allium test 葱根试法alloantibody 同族抗体alloantigen 同族抗原allobiosis 反应性异常allocarpy 杂交果allochroic 变色的allochroism 变色allochthonous 外生的allochthonous species 外来种allocycly 异色周期性allodiploid 异源二倍体allodiploidy 异源二倍性allogamous 异体受精的allogamy 异体受精allogene 异基因allogenetic 异源的allogenic 他生的allogenic succession 异发演替allogenous 他生的allohaploid 异源单倍体allohaploidy 异源单倍性alloheteroploid 异源异倍体alloheteroploidy 异源异倍性alloiobiogenesis 世代交替alloiogenesis 世代交替allolysogenic 异溶原性的allometaboly 异变态allometry 相对生长allomone 异种信息素allomorphism 同质异晶allopatric 异域的allopatric hybridization 异地物杂交allopatric speciation 分区物种形成allopatric species 分布区不重叠种allopatry 分布区不重叠alloplasia 组织异生alloplasm 异质alloplasmic strain 异质株alloploidy 异源多倍性allopolyploid 异源多倍体allopolyploidy 异源多倍性allose 阿洛糖allosome 异染色体allosteric effect 变构效应allosteric effector 变构效应因子allosteric enzyme 变构酶allosteric inhibitor 变构抑制剂allosteric ligand 变构配体allosteric site 变构部位allosterism 变构现象allostery 变构现象allosynapsis 异源联合allosyndesis 异源联合allosyndetic 异源联合的allotetraploid 异源四倍体allotetraploidy 异源四倍性allotransplantation 同种异体移植allotriophagy 异食癖allotriploid 异源三倍体allotropy 同素异形allotype 异性模式标本allowble error 容许误差alloxan 阿脲alloxazine 咯唪allozygote 异合子alluring colouration 诱惑色alluring gland 诱惑腺alluvial 冲积的alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial soil 冲积土alluvium 冲积世almond 扁桃aloin 芦荟茁alpestrine 亚高山的alpha amylase 液化淀粉酶alpha decay 衰变alpha disintegration 衰变alpine animal 高山动物alpine belt 高山带alpine meadow 高山草甸alpine pasture 高山牧场alpine plant 高山植物alpine region 高山带alpine tundra 高山冻原alpine vegetation 高山植被alpine zone 高山带alter bran 末脑alternate 互生的alternate bearing 隔年结实alternate conversion 交替转换alternate leaf 互生叶alternate phyllotaxis 互生叶序alternate variation 交互变异alternate year bearing 隔年结实alternately pinnate 互生羽状的alternating cleavage 旋裂alternating dominance 交替显性alternation 交替alternation of generations 世代交替alternation of nucleus 核交替alternative host 交替寄主alternative inheritance 交替遗传altimeter 高度表altitude 海拔altricial bird 留巢鸟altrose 阿卓糖altruism 利他现象altruist 利他个体altruistic behavior 利他行为alum 茂alumina 矾土aluminium oxide 矾土alveola 蜂窝状小窝alveolar 牙糟的alveolar air 肺泡气alveolar gland 泡状腺alveolar hypothesis 泡状学说alveolar layer 泡层alveolar structure 蜂窝结构alveolar theory 泡状学说alveole 蜂窝状小窝alveolus 肺泡alveolus of lung 肺泡amacrine cell 无长突细胞amandin 苦杏仁球蛋白amanitin 鹅膏蕈碱amber 琥珀amber mutation 琥珀突变amber suppressor 琥珀抑制基因ambergris 龙涎香ambient pressure 环境压力ambient temperature 环境温度ambisexual 两性的ambivalent behavior 双重行为amblyophyllous 钝叶的amboceptor 双受体ambosexual 两性的ambulacral 步带的ambulacral groove 步带沟ambulacral plate 步带板ambulacral ring canal 步带环管ambulacral system 步带系ambulacral zone 步带区ambulacrum 管足ambulatory 步行的ambulatory funnel 漏斗ambulatory leg 步足ameba 变形虫amebiasis 阿米巴病amebic 变形虫的amebic dysentery 阿米巴痢疾amebocyte 变形细胞ameboid 变形虫样的ameboid cell 变形细胞ameboid movement 变形运动ameiosis 非减数分裂ameiotic 非减数分裂的amelioration 土地改良ameloblast 成釉细胞amensalism 偏害共栖ament 柔荑花序amentum 柔荑花序amerosporous 单胞孢子的ametabolion 无变态昆虫ametabolism 无变态性ametaboly 无变态ametoecious 单帜生的amicron 超微子amictic female 孤雌生殖雌虫amidase 酰胺酶amide 酰胺amide bond 酰胺结合amide linkage 酰胺结合amide plant 酰胺植物amide transferase 酰胺基转移酶amidine 脒amination 胺化amine 胺amine oxidase 胺氧化酶amino acid 氨基酸amino acid code 氨基酸密码amino acid fermentation 氨基酸发酵amino acid metabolism 氨基酸代谢amino acid oxidase 氨基酸氧化酶amino acid pattern 氨基酸图amino acid replacement 氨基酸替代amino acid residue 氨基酸残基amino acid sequence 氨基酸序列amino acid starvation 氨基酸禁食法amino group 氨基amino terminal analysis 氨基末端分析aminoacetic acid 氨基醋酸aminoacyl trna 氨酰 trna aminopeptidase 氨基肽酶aminophosphorylase 淀粉磷酸化酶aminosugar 氨基糖amitosis 无丝分裂amitotic 无丝分裂的amixia 交配不能ammonia fixation 氨固定ammonia nitrogen 氨型氮ammoniated 氨的ammonites 菊石类ammonium 铵ammonium chloride 氯化铵ammonotelic animal 排氨动物ammophilous 喜砂的amnesia 健忘症amnion 羊膜amniota 羊膜类amniotic 羊膜的amniotic cavity 羊膜腔amniotic fluid 羊水amniotic fold 羊膜褶amniotic pouch 羊膜囊amniotic sac 羊膜囊amoeba 变形虫amoebic 变形虫的amoebocyte 变形细胞amoeboid 变形虫样的amoeboid movement 变形运动amorph 无效等位基因amorphic 无定形的amorphic gene 无效等位基因amorphism 无定形amorphous 无定形的amount of evaporation 蒸发量amount of radiation 辐射量amp 腺苷一磷酸ampelography 葡萄品种志amphiarthrosis 微动关节amphiaster 双星体amphiastral mitosis 双星有丝分裂amphibia 两栖类amphibians 两栖类amphibious 两栖的amphibious layer 沼生植物层amphibious plant 两栖植物amphiblastula 两囊幼虫amphibolic pathway 无定向代谢途径amphicaryon 双组核amphicyte 套细胞amphidiploid 双二倍体amphidiploidy 异源四倍性amphidisc 双盘体amphigaster 腹叶amphigastrium 腹叶amphigenesis 有性生殖amphigony 两性生殖amphikaryon 双组核amphimictic population 两性融合群体amphimixia 两性融合amphimixis 两性融合amphinucleus 双组核amphion 两性离子amphiphilic compound 两性分子化合物amphiphyte 两栖植物amphiploid 双倍体amphipneustic 两端气门式的amphipoda 端足类amphistyl 两头圆形骨针amphitene 偶线期amphithecium 周层amphitoky 雌雄单性生殖amphitropal 横生的amphitropous 横生的ampho ion 两性离子ampholyte 两性电解物amphoteric 两性的amphoteric ion 两性离子amphoteric solvent 两性溶剂amphotericin 两性霉素amphotony 交感迷走神经过敏amplexicaul 抱茎的amplexicaul leaf 抱茎叶amplexicaular 抱茎的amplexus 抱合amplification 增强酌amplitude 幅度ampulla 壶状体amputation 切断术amrtabolous 无变态的amygdala 腭扁桃体amygdalin 扁桃苷amygdaline 扁桃腺的amylase 淀粉酶amylase inhibitor 淀粉酶抑制剂amylocellulose 淀粉纤维素amylodextrin 淀粉糊精amyloid 淀粉状蛋白amylolysis 淀粉分解amylopectin 支链淀粉amylophyll 淀粉叶amyloplast 淀粉体amylopsin 胰淀粉酶amylose 直链淀粉amynology 免疫学anabasine 新烟碱anabios 回生anabiosis 回生anabolic 合成代谢的anabolism 组成代谢anaboly 后加演化anachromasis 前期核变anadromous 溯河的anadromous fish 溯河鱼anaemia 贫血anaemic 贫血的anaerobe 厌氧生物anaerobic 嫌气的anaerobic bacterium 厌氧细菌anaerobic culture 厌氧培养anaerobic fermentation 厌氧发酵anaerobic glycolysis 无氧酵解anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸anaerobiosis 厌氧生活anaesthetic 麻碎剂anagenesis 前进演化anal 肛门的anal fin 臀anal gland 肛腺anal membrane 肛膜anal papilla 肛乳头anal pit 肛道anal region 肛门区anal respiration 肛门呼吸anal tube 肛管anal vein 臀脉analgesic 镇痛剂analog 相似体analogous 同功的analogous organ 同功瀑analogue 相似体analogy 相似analyser 分析器analysis 分析analysis of tetrad 四分体分析analysis of variance 方差分析法analytical 分解的analytical balance 分析天平analytical chemistry 分析化学analytical ultracentrifuge 分析超离心机analyzer 分析器anamniotes 无羊膜类anamorphosis 增节变态ananas 风梨anandrous 无雄的ananthous 无花的anaphase 后期anaphase movement 后期运动anaphasis 后期anaphorese 汗腺机能减退anaphoresis 汗腺机能减退anaphylactogen 过敏原anaphylatoxin 过敏毒素anaphylaxin 过敏素anaphylaxis 过敏症anaphylaxy 过敏症anaphylotoxin 过敏毒素anaplasia 退行性变化anaplasmosis 边虫病anastomosis 吻合anastral mitosis 无星有丝分裂anatomical 解剖的anatomist 解剖学家anatomy 解剖学anatonosis 增渗anatoxin 变性毒素anatriaene 锚形三叉体anatropic 倒生的anatropous 倒生的anatropous ovule 倒生胚珠anaxial 无轴的ancestor 祖先ancestral form 祖先形ancestral series 祖先系列anchor 锚形体anchoring root 锚形根anchylosis 关节强硬anchylostomes 钩虫androclinium 雄花托androconium 香鳞androcyte 精细胞androdioecism 雄性两性异体androdioecy 雄性两性异体androeceum 雄蕊群androecium 雄蕊群androgamone 雄配素androgen 雄激素androgenesis 雄核发育;单雄生殖androgenic 产雄的androgenic hormone 雄激素androgenous 产雄的androgynism 雌雄同体androgyny 雌雄同体andromerogony 雄核卵片发育andromonoecy 雄性两性同株androsome 限雄染色体androsporogenesis 雄孢子生殖androstane 雄甾androsterone 雄酮anelectrotonus 阳极紧张anemia 贫血anemic 贫血的anemochorous 风播的anemochory 风播anemogamy 风媒anemometer 风力计anemophilous 风媒的anemophilous flower 风媒花anemophilous plant 风媒植物anemophily 风媒anemotaxis 晴性anergy 无反应性aneroid barometer 无液气压计anesthesia 麻醉anesthetic 麻碎剂;麻碎的anestrus 不动情期aneugamy 非整倍性生殖aneuploid 非整倍的aneuploidy 异倍性aneurin 硫胺素aneurinase 硫胺分解酶aneurism 动脉瘤aneurysm 动脉瘤aneurysma 动脉瘤aneusomaty 同体异数性angina 咽峡炎angioblast 成血管细胞angioblastoma 成血管细胞瘤angiocarp 有被果性植物angiocarpous 有被果实的angioconidium 分生孢子囊angiography 血管造影术angiology 血管学angioscope 毛细管显微镜angiospermous 被子的angiosperms 被子植物类angiotensin 血管紧张素angiotonase 血管紧张素酶angiotonin 高血压蛋白angle of divergence 发散角angle of rotation 旋转角度angustifoliate 狭叶的angustifolius 狭叶的anhydrase 脱水酶anhydride 酐anhydrobiosis 低湿休眠anhydroglucose 脱水葡萄糖anhydrous 无水的aniline 苯胺aniline blue 苯胺蓝aniline oil 苯胺油aniline salt 苯胺盐animal 动物animal anatomy 动物解剖animal behavior 动物行为animal behavior research 行为学animal biochemistry 动物生化学animal breeding 动物育种animal breeding science 动物育种学animal charcoal 骨炭animal community 动物群落animal ecology 动物生态学animal farm 畜牧场animal fat 动物脂animal fibre 动物纤维animal function 动物性机能animal genetics 动物遗传学animal host 动物寄主animal husbandry 畜牧业animal hygiene 动物卫生学animal kingdom 动物界animal migration 动物的迁移animal neurosis 动物神经症animal oil 动物油animal organ 动物性瀑animal parasite 寄生动物animal physiology 动物生理学animal pole 动物极animal pollinated plant 动物媒植物animal psychology 动物心理学animal saponin 动物性皂甙animal society 动物社会animal sociology 动物社会学animal starch 动物淀粉animal systematics 动物分类学animal taxonomy 动物分类学animal toxin 动物毒素animal virus 动物病毒animalcule 小动物animalculist 精源论者animality 动物界animalization 动物化animism 灵气论anion 负离子anisogamete 异形配子anisogametism 异形配子配合anisogamety 异形配子配合anisogamous conjugation 异形配子接合anisogamy 异配生殖anisogeny 雌雄异型遗传anisolecithal 端黄的anisolecithal egg 端黄卵anisomeric 非异构的anisophyllous 不等叶的anisophylly 不等叶性anisoploidy 奇倍性anisopterous 不等翼的anisospore 异形孢子anisotropy 蛤异性anisozygote 异形接合体ankylosis 关节强硬anlage 原基annelids 环节动物类annual 一年生的annual growth 一年生长annual herb 一年生草本annual periodicity 年周期性annual plant 一年生植物annual precipitation 年间降水量annual ring 年轮annual variation 年变化annular 环状的annular lipid 环状脂类annular protuberance 脑桥annular tracheid 环纹管胞annular vessel 环纹导管annulate 环状的annulus 菌环anode 阳极anodic rays 阳极射线anoestrum 无发情期anoestrus 不动情期anomalous 异常的anomaly 反常anonymous 无名的anopheles 按蚊anopheline mosquito 按蚊anorexia 食欲缺乏anorthogenesis 绞花进化anosogametism 异形配子配合anospinal center 排粪中枢anoxia 缺氧anoxy 嫌气的anoxybiosis 厌氧生活anserine 鹅肌肽ant hill 蚁土冢ant plants 蚁植物antagonisitic muscle 拮抗肌antagonism 对抗酌antagonist 对抗体antagonistic inhibition 对抗抑制antagonistic reflex 对抗反射antarctic 南极区antarctic kingdom 南极区antarctic region 南极区antedating 前发antenna 大触角antennal 触角的antennal gland 触角腺antennary 触角的antennule 小触角anterior leg 前肢anterior lobe 垂体前叶anterior lobe of pituitary 胸垂体前叶anterior pituitary 胸垂体前叶anterior pituitary hormone 垂体前叶激素anterior root 运动根anterior stomach 前胃anterior sucker 前吸盘anterior wing 前翅antero posterior axis 前后轴anthecology 花虫生态学anthela 长侧枝聚伞花序anthelix 对耳轮anthelmintic 蠕虫药anther 药anther culture 药培养antherid 精子囊antheridial receptacle 雄菩antheridium 精子囊antherless 无花药的antherozoid 游动精子anthesis 开花anthill 蚁冢垤anthochlor 花黄素anthocyan 花青素anthocyanidin 花青盐anthocyanin 花青甙。