8被动语态

英语中8种时态的主动语态和被动语态1、一般现在时(1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，常和副词usually，often，always sometimes，every year, every week等连用。

例如：1)The moon moves round the earth..(2)在由after，until，before，once，when，even if（即使, 虽然），in case（conj.万一, 如果），as long as（和 ... 一样长），as soon as（conj.一 ... 就），the moment（一 ... 就 ..., 这一刻）以及if，unless（conj.除非, 如果不prep.除 ... 外）等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将来时。

例如：1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.(3)某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，这类动词有：be，go，come，start，depart（vt.离开vi.离开, 死亡），arrive（vi.到达, 到来, 成功），begin（v.开始, 着手），leave（v.委托, 离开, 留给, 遗留, 遗赠, 听任n.许可, 准假, 告别vi.生出叶子）等。

例如：1)The plane leaves at three sharp（adv. 正好, (时间)准, 尖锐地）.(4)在由why，what，where，whoever（pron. 无论是谁, 不管谁, 任何人），who，that，as 等引导的从句中，也常用一般现在时代替将来时。

例如：1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.2.一般过去时英语中8种时态的主动语态和被动语态(1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。

八大时态的被动语态的公式（每个公式中的done表示过去分词）1.一般现在时.is/am/are+donee.g:you're wanted on the phone.2.现在进行时.is/am/are+being+donee.g:The homework is being written (by Tom)now.3.一般将来时.will/shall be+donee.g:The car will be repaired （by him）tomorrow.4.现在完成时.have/has been+donee.g:Many bridges have been repaired.5.一般过去时。

was/were+donee.g:He is seen to go out of school.6.过去进行时。

was/were+doing+donee.g:The room was being cleaned this time yesterday.7.过去将来时。

would be+donee.g:He told us that the new railway would be built the next year.8.过去完成时。

had been+doneOur classroom had been cleaned last Tuseday.类型1:表示状态和状态的持续,如:be(是), seem(似乎), look(看起来), appear(似乎), feel(觉得), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), keep(保持), remain(保持), stand(站立), lie(躺), stay(停留)等。

类型2:表示从一种状态转变为另一种状态,如:become(变成), go(变得), get(变得), turn(变成), grow(长成), fall(变成某种状态), come(成为), run(变成)等。

英语常用的八种语态
1. 一般现在时态 (Simple Present Tense)
主动语态：主语 + 动词原形
被动语态：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词
2. 一般过去时态 (Simple Past Tense)
主动语态：主语 + 过去式
被动语态：主语 + was/were + 过去分词
3. 现在进行时态 (Present Continuous Tense) 主动语态：主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词
被动语态：主语 + am/is/are + being + 过去分词
4. 过去进行时态 (Past Continuous Tense)
主动语态：主语 + was/were + 现在分词
被动语态：主语 + was/were + being + 过去分词
5. 现在完成时态 (Present Perfect Tense)
主动语态：主语 + have/has + 过去分词
被动语态：主语 + have/has + been + 过去分词6. 过去完成时态 (Past Perfect Tense)
主动语态：主语 + had + 过去分词
被动语态：主语 + had + been + 过去分词
7. 将来时态 (Future Tense)
主动语态：主语 + will/shall + 动词原形
被动语态：主语 + will/shall + be + 过去分词
8. 将来完成时态 (Future Perfect Tense)
主动语态：主语 + will/shall + have + 过去分词
被动语态：主语 + will/shall + have + been + 过去分词。

初中英语语法归纳复习：被动语态重难点：掌握八种常见时态的被动语态，并能依据不同情景，灵敏运用被动语态。

【知识总结归纳】一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。

二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换We Visited that factory last summer →主动语态主语谓语宾语状语That factory was visited by us last summer →被动语态主语谓语宾语状语三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的比照四. 如何正确使用被动语态1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。

需要注意的是：假设把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to 〞。

eg. He often tells us interesting stories . 〔主动语态〕⎭⎬⎫.him by us to told often are stories g Interestin .him by stories g interestin told often are We 〔被动语态〕▲常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass 等。

2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to 被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to 还要复原。

eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . 〔主动语态〕复合宾语宾语补足语宾语She is often heard to sing this popular song .〔被动语态〕▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice 等。

3. 有些“be +过去分词〞的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构〔即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语〕。

八大时态的被动语态结构
以下是八大时态的被动语态结构：
1. 现在时被动语态（Present Simple Passive）：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词。

2. 过去时被动语态（Past Simple Passive）：主语 + was/were + 过去分词。

3. 将来时被动语态（Future Simple Passive）：主语+ will be + 过去分词。

4. 现在进行时被动语态（Present Continuous Passive）：主语 + am/is/are being + 过去分词。

5. 过去进行时被动语态（Past Continuous Passive）：
主语 + was/were being + 过去分词。

6. 现在完成时被动语态（Present Perfect Passive）：
主语 + has/have been + 过去分词。

7. 过去完成时被动语态（Past Perfect Passive）：主语 + had been + 过去分词。

8. 将来完成时被动语态（Future Perfect Passive）：主语 + will have been + 过去分词。

被动语态八注意初中英语语法系列1．我们知道，主动语态变为被动语态时，通常将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语；主动语态的主语变为由介词by引导的宾语；谓语动词变为被动语态“be +过去分词”形式，例如：Everyone likes the interesting film. (主动语态) →The interesting film is liked by everyone. (被动语态 They used knives to cut things. (主动语态) →Knives are used to cut things. (被动语态)但是，并非所有由“be +过去分词”构成的形式就是被动语态。

有时过去分词已经变为形容词，表示一种状态。

试比较：My brother is very interested in English. 我哥哥对英语非常感兴趣。

（状态）My brother was interested by what I told him. 我告诉他的话让我哥哥非常感兴趣。

（动态）2．在被动语态中谓语动词一定是及物动词，也就是说必须跟宾语的动词。

如：We can make metals into different shapes. (主动语态) →Metals can be made into different shapes. (被动语态) 在主动语态中make是及物动词，其动作的承受者即宾语是metals。

但是，并非所有的及物动词都有被动语态。

比如，表示静态的动词（have、belong to）、宾语是反身代词或相互代词等。

例如：He has a nice house. 他有一所漂亮的房子。

We must help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。

3．主动语态中的主语在变为被动语态时通常变为由介词by 的引出的宾语。

如：They have already cut down the trees. →The trees have already been cut down by them. 那些树木已经被他们砍光。

8种常用时态的被动语态由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。

助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。

(1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词。

如：Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。

(2) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。

如：The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。

(3) 现在进行时：am/is/are being +过去分词。

如：The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。

(4) 过去进行时：was/were being +过去分词。

如：This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。

(5) 一般将来时：will be +过去分词。

如：The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。

(6) 过去将来时：would be +过去分词。

如：The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。

(7) 现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词。

如：This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。

(8) 过去完在时：had been +过去分词。

如：When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。

被动语态被动语态显示动作的被动状态，由be +过去分词构成一8种时态的被动变主动形式1 一般现在时的被动变主动We keep butter in the fridge.变被动形式The butter is kept in the fridge.黄油只能被人动，不能主动进入冰箱。

2 一般过去时的主动变被动Jane painted a picture.------A picture was painted by Jane3 一般将来时的主动变被动The teacher will allow you to leave early.--You will be allowed to leave early.4 过去将来时的主动变被动I was sure people would punish him.—I was sure he would be punished by people.5 现在进行时的主动变被动He is repairing my bike.---My bike is being repaired.6 过去进行时的主动变被动He was making a model plane.A model plane was being made.7 现在完成时的主动变被动They have caught the thief.The thief has been caught.8 过去完成时的主动变被动They told me that people had sent him to the hospital.They told me that he had been sent to the hospital.被动语态也可以变主动语态，只是主语有时难确定。

其他主动变被动的具体时态可参照上述。

二被动语态的用法A不知动作的执行者是谁，或没必要知道执行者而强调事物行为的客观性时，常用被动语态。

1The book is well written.2 All these questions must be answered.3. The novel has been translated into many languages.B 避免提及执行者，这样有利于阐述观点。

英语中的八大语态语态是指动词在句子中所表示的行为与状态与主语之间的关系。

英语语态有以下八种。

1.一般现在时态（Simple Present Tense）这种语态表示的是一个经常或常常发生的动作或状态，如“I eat breakfast every morning”或“She lives in New York City”。

在这种语态下，动词不需要进行任何变化。

2.一般过去时态（Simple Past Tense）这种语态表示的是一个已经发生的过去事件或状态，如“I went to the store yesterday”或“He was happy last night”。

在这种语态下，大多数动词的过去式是通过在词尾加上“-ed”来实现的。

3.一般将来时态（Simple Future Tense）这种语态表示的是将要发生的未来事件或状态，如“We will meet at the park tomorrow”或“They are going to visit their grandparents next week”。

在这种语态下，动词要在前面加上helping verb“will”。

4.进行时态（Progressive Tense）这种语态表示的是一个正在进行中的事件或状态，如“I am eating breakfast right now”或“She is practicing her guitar”。

在这种语态下，动词要在前面加上helping verb“am”，“is”或“are”。

5.完成时态（Perfect Tense）这种语态表示的是一个已经完成的事件或状态，如“They have eaten breakfast already”或“I have read that book”。

在这种语态下，动词要在前面加上helping verb“have”或“has”。

6.完成进行时态（Perfect Progressive Tense）这种语态表示的是一个已经进行了一段时间的事件或状态，如“They have been living in the city for five years”或“I have been studying English for two hours”。

各种时态的被动语态一、八大时态的被动语态的构成：1．一般现在时的被动语态构成：（am/is/are +done）如：I am asked to study hard. 我被请求努力学习。

This shirt is washed once a week. 这件T恤一周洗一次。

These songs are usually sung by boys. 这些歌曲通常是男生唱的。

2．一般过去时的被动语态构成：（was/were done）如：The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。

Some notes were passed up to the speaker. 有人给讲演者递上来一些纸条。

3．一般将来时的被动语态构成：（shall/will be done）如：We shall be asked a lot of strange questions. 我们将被问许多怪题。

My son will be sent to school next September. 来年九月我将送我儿子去读书。

4．过去将来时的被动语态构成：（should/would be done）如：The news would be sent to him as soon as it arrived. 消息一到就会转给他的。

He told us that the new railway would be built the next year. 他告诉我新铁路将在明年修建。

5．现在完成时的被动语态构成：（has/have been done）如：The work has just been finished. 工作刚刚结束。

The old rules have been done away with by us. 旧规章已经被我们废除了。

6．过去完成时的被动语态构成：（had been done）如：By last December three ships had been built by them. 到去年十二月底他们已建造了三艘船。

动词的语态：主动语态和被动语态被动语态的基本结构：Be + done（过去分词）1、一般现在时：（主动语态）I help you.发出者动词承受者变为被动语态：Do——am/is/are doneYou are helped by me.承受者谓语发出者2、一般过去时的被动：did——was/were done（I helped you.-每个例子可让学生自己先尝试变被动，再给答案）3、一般将来时的被动：Will do——will be done（I will help you.-）4、现在进行时的被动：Am/is/are doing ——Am/is/are being done（I am helping you.-）5、过去进行时的被动：Was/were doing——Was/were being done（I was helping you.-）6、现在完成时的被动：Have done——have been done （I have helped you.-）7、过去完成时的被动：Had done——had been done （I had helped you.-）8、过去将来时的被动：Would do ——would be done （I would help you.-）答案：2、You were helped by me.3、You will be helped by me.4、You are being helped by me.5、You were being helped by me.6、You have been helped by me.7、You had been helped by me.8、You would be helped by me.。

初中英语语法归纳复习：被动语态重难点：掌握八种常见时态的被动语态，并能根据不同情景，灵活运用被动语态。

【知识总结归纳】一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。

二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换We Visited that factory last summer 主动语态主语谓语宾语状语That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态主语谓语宾语状语三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时am / is / are + P.P. （1）Do they speakFrench ?（2）They don ’t use theroom .Is French spoken bythem ?The room isn ’t used bythem .一般过去时was / were + p.p. （1）The hunter killed atiger .（2）He wrote manystories last year .A tiger was killed by thehunter .Many stories was writtenby him last year .现在进行时am / is / are +being +p.p. （1）These workers arebuilding a new bridge .（2）He is mending hiscar .A new bridge is being builtby these workers .His car is being mendedby him .过去进行时was / were + being + p.p. （1）He was sellingbooks .（2）They wereBooks were being built byhim .The plan was beingdiscussed by them at thatdiscussing the plan at that time .time .Many English words have现在完成时（1）She has learnedbeen learned by her .many English words .have / has + been + p. p.The work has beenfinished by him . （2）He has finished thework .过去完成时had + been + p.p. （1）They has solved theproblem .（2）We had told him thenews by then .The problem had beensolved by them .The news had been told tohim by us .一般将来时（1）I shall make a plan . A plan will be made by me .shall / will be + p.p.（2）They are going to fixThe radio is going to be the radio in an hour .fixed by them in an hour .过去将来时would be + p.p. （1）He told me theywould paint the room .He told me the roomwould be painted bythem .was/ were going to be + p.p. （2）They were going toput on a play the nextweek .A play was going to be putby them the next week .Our homework should be情态动词（1）We should hand inhanded in by us .our homework .can / may / must / should+ be + p.p. （2）You must answer thequestion in English .The question must beanswered in English byyou .四. 如何正确使用被动语态1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。

动词的时态在英语中,由于谓语动作发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要发生相应的变化.这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态.英语动词的时态共有16种,列表如下:(以动词write 为例)被动语态的构成一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 write writes am is writing arehas writtenhave has been writing have 过去wrote waswrittingwere had written had been writing 将来 shall write will shall be writing will shall have written will shall have been writingwill过去将来 should write wouldshouldbewritingwould should have written would should have been writing would 一般进行 完成 现在amis taughtare am is being taught are has been taught have 过去was taught were was being taught were had been taught 将来 shall be taught will被动语态由助动词be 加过去分词构成,时态通过be 表现出来.构成被动语态的一般疑问句时,须将第一个助动词移至主语之前,构成被动语态的否定句时,助动词后须加not. 各个时态的被动形式列表如下:(以动词teach 为例)英语被动语态讲解（一）语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。

所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。

主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。