自动化相关专业英语翻译(DOC)

自动化专业英语翻译A: Electrical NetworksAn electrical circuit or network is composed of elements such as resistors, inductors,and capacitors connected together in some manner. If the network contains no energy sources, such as batteries or electrical generators, it is known as a passive network.On the other hand, if one or more energy sources are present, the resultant combination is an active network. In studying the behavior of an electrical network, we are interested in determining the voltages and currents that exist within the circuit. Since a network is composed of passive circuit elements, we must first define theelectrical characteristics of these elements.一个电路由一些元件，如电阻、电感和电容，以某种方式连接组成。

如果电路中不包括电源，如电池或者发电机，则称为无源网络。

另一方面，如果电路中有一个或多个电源，称为有源网络。

在研究电路的行为中，确定存在于电路中的电压和电流是我们感兴趣的。

由于一个电路网络由无源元件组成，我们必须首先定义这些元件的电的特性。

1.1In recent years the performance requirements for process plant have become increasingly difficult to satisfy. Stronger competition, tougher (更加严苛的) environmental and safety regulations (法规), and rapidly changing economic conditions have been key factors in the tightening of plant product quality specifications (产品质量规范).A further complication (复杂) is that modern processes have become more difficult to operate because of the trend toward larger, more highly integrated plants with smaller surge capacities (谐振能力) between the various processing units. Such plants give the operators little opportunity to prevent upsets (扰乱) from propagating from one unit to other interconnected units. In view of (考虑到，由于) the increased emphasis placed on safe, efficient plant operation, it is only natural that the subject of process control has become increasingly important in recent years. In fact, without process control it would not be possible to operate most modern processes safely and profitably (有利的), while satisfying plant quality standards.近年来，对过程系统的性能改善需求变得越来越困难.更为激烈的竞争，更加严格的环境和安全规范，以及快速变化的经济条件都是加强工厂产品质量规范的关键因素更为复杂的情况是，由于现代制造业朝着规模更大,集成度更高的方向发展,而使不同的加工环节之间的应变能力更低, 所以加工过程更难控制近年来，考虑到工业制造逐渐加强的安全、高效需求，过程控制这个课题变得越来越受重视. 实际上，对于大多数现代工业，要满足安全、高效，产品质量的要求，没有控制系统是不可能的.It is assumed that the inlet and outlet flow rates are identical (相同的) and that the liquid density ρ (rho) remains consant,that is, the temperature variations are small enough that the temperature dependence of ρ can be neglected. Under these conditions the volu me V of liquid in the tank remains constant.假设输入和输出流量是相等的，并且液体密度保持恒定，也就是说温度变化足够小，密度对温度的影响可以忽略不计. 在这些条件下，槽内液体的体积保持恒定Use a larger tank. If a larger tank is used, fluctuations (波动) in Ti will tend to be damped out (阻尼，衰减) due to the larger thermal capacitance of the tank contents. However, increased volume of tankage would be an expensive solution for an industrial plant due to the increased capital costs of the larger tank.Note that this approach is analogous to the use of water baths in chemistry laboratories where the large thermal capacitance of the bath serves as a heat sink (散热装置) and thus provides an isothermal (恒温的) environment for a small-scale research apparatus (仪器).使用一个更大的槽. 如果使用更大的槽，因为更大的热容，Ti的波动会趋向于衰减. 然而，体积增加使得开支增加，会使工厂系统的解决方案变得更加昂贵.要指出的是这个方法类似于化学实验室中水缸的使用，水缸的大热容量可以看作散热装置，因此可以为小型研究仪器提供一个恒温环境.Note that in feedforward control, the controlled variable T is not measured.在前馈控制中，被控变量T是没有被测量的.1.2The motivation of using feedback, illustrated (说明) by the examples in Section (1), is somewhat oversimplified.In these examples, the use of feedback is shown to be for the purpose of reducing the error between the reference input and the system output.However, the significance of theeffects of feedback in control systems is more complex than is demonstrated by these simple examples.The reduction of system error is merely (仅仅) one of the many important effects that feedback may have upon a system. We show in the following sections that feedback also has effects on such system performance characteristics as stability (稳定性), bandwidth (带宽), overall gain (总增益), disturbance (扰动), and sensitivity (灵敏度).第一节事例中，应用反馈的动机有些过于简单。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译引言概述：自动化是现代工程技术领域中的重要学科，它涉及到自动控制系统、机器人技术、传感器技术等多个领域。

在自动化专业中，学习和掌握英语是必不可少的，因为英语是国际通用语言，也是自动化领域中的重要交流工具。

本文将介绍一些常见的自动化专业英语原文和翻译，以帮助学习者更好地理解和运用这些术语。

一、自动化概念及应用1.1 自动化定义英文原文：Automation refers to the use of technology to control and operate processes or systems without human intervention.翻译：自动化是指利用技术来控制和操作过程或系统，无需人为干预。

1.2 自动化应用领域英文原文：Automation is widely applied in manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and many other industries.翻译：自动化广泛应用于制造业、交通运输、医疗保健等许多行业。

1.3 自动化优势英文原文：Automation offers advantages such as increased productivity, improved efficiency, and enhanced safety.翻译：自动化提供了增加生产力、提高效率和增强安全性等优势。

二、自动控制系统2.1 自动控制系统定义英文原文：An automatic control system is a set of devices that manage and regulate the behavior of a system or process automatically.翻译：自动控制系统是一组设备，能够自动管理和调节系统或过程的行为。

2.2 自动控制系统组成英文原文：An automatic control system consists of sensors, actuators, controllers, and communication networks.翻译：自动控制系统由传感器、执行器、控制器和通信网络组成。

《自动化专业英语教程》-王宏文主编-全文翻译PART 1 Electrical and Electronic Engineering BasicsUNIT 1 A Electrical Networks ————————————3B Three-phase CircuitsUNIT 2 A The Operational Amplifier ———————————5B TransistorsUNIT 3 A Logical Variables and Flip-flop ——————————8B Binary Number SystemUNIT 4 A Power Semiconductor Devices ——————————11B Power Electronic ConvertersUNIT 5 A Types of DC Motors —————————————15B Closed-loop Control of DC DriversUNIT 6 A AC Machines ———————————————19B Induction Motor DriveUNIT 7 A Electric Power System ————————————22B Power System AutomationPART 2 Control TheoryUNIT 1 A The World of Control ————————————27B The Transfer Function and the Laplace Transformation —————29UNIT 2 A Stability and the Time Response —————————30B Steady State—————————————————31UNIT 3 A The Root Locus —————————————32B The Frequency Response Methods: Nyquist Diagrams —————33UNIT 4 A The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Piots —————34B Nonlinear Control System 37UNIT 5 A Introduction to Modern Control Theory 38B State Equations 40UNIT 6 A Controllability, Observability, and StabilityB Optimum Control SystemsUNIT 7 A Conventional and Intelligent ControlB Artificial Neural NetworkPART 3 Computer Control TechnologyUNIT 1 A Computer Structure and Function 42B Fundamentals of Computer and Networks 43UNIT 2 A Interfaces to External Signals and Devices 44B The Applications of Computers 46UNIT 3 A PLC OverviewB PACs for Industrial Control, the Future of ControlUNIT 4 A Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer 49B Understanding DSP and Its UsesUNIT 5 A A First Look at Embedded SystemsB Embedded Systems DesignPART 4 Process ControlUNIT 1 A A Process Control System 50B Fundamentals of Process Control 52UNIT 2 A Sensors and Transmitters 53B Final Control Elements and ControllersUNIT 3 A P Controllers and PI ControllersB PID Controllers and Other ControllersUNIT 4 A Indicating InstrumentsB Control PanelsPART 5 Control Based on Network and InformationUNIT 1 A Automation Networking Application AreasB Evolution of Control System ArchitectureUNIT 2 A Fundamental Issues in Networked Control SystemsB Stability of NCSs with Network-induced DelayUNIT 3 A Fundamentals of the Database SystemB Virtual Manufacturing—A Growing Trend in Automation UNIT 4 A Concepts of Computer Integrated ManufacturingB Enterprise Resources Planning and BeyondPART 6 Synthetic Applications of Automatic TechnologyUNIT 1 A Recent Advances and Future Trends in Electrical Machine DriversB System Evolution in Intelligent BuildingsUNIT 2 A Industrial RobotB A General Introduction to Pattern RecognitionUNIT 3 A Renewable EnergyB Electric VehiclesUNIT 1A 电路电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器、电感器和电容器等元件组成。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译Automation in the Manufacturing Industry: An OverviewIntroduction:Automation plays a crucial role in the manufacturing industry, revolutionizing production processes and enhancing efficiency. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the concept of automation in the manufacturing sector, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and future prospects. It also includes a translation of the text into English.Section 1: Definition and Importance of AutomationAutomation refers to the use of technology and machinery to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. In the manufacturing industry, automation is essential for streamlining operations, reducing costs, and improving product quality. It allows companies to achieve higher production rates, increased precision, and improved safety standards.Section 2: Benefits of Automation in Manufacturing2.1 Increased ProductivityAutomation enables manufacturers to produce goods at a faster rate, leading to increased productivity. With the use of advanced robotics and machinery, repetitive tasks can be performed efficiently, allowing workers to focus on more complex and creative aspects of production.2.2 Enhanced Quality ControlAutomated systems ensure consistency and accuracy in manufacturing processes, leading to improved product quality. By minimizing human error, automation reduces defects and variations, resulting in higher customer satisfaction and reduced waste.2.3 Cost ReductionAutomation helps in reducing labor costs by replacing manual work with machines and robots. Although initial investment costs may be high, long-term savings are significant due to increased efficiency and reduced dependence on human labor.2.4 Improved Workplace SafetyAutomation eliminates the need for workers to perform hazardous or physically demanding tasks. Robots and machines can handle tasks that pose risks to human health and safety, thereby reducing workplace accidents and injuries.2.5 Increased FlexibilityAutomated systems can be easily reprogrammed to adapt to changing production requirements. This flexibility allows manufacturers to respond quickly to market demands, introduce new products, and customize production processes.Section 3: Challenges in Implementing Automation3.1 Initial InvestmentImplementing automation requires substantial capital investment for purchasing and integrating machinery, software, and training. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) may face financial constraints in adopting automation technologies.3.2 Workforce AdaptationAutomation may lead to job displacement, as certain tasks previously performed by humans are now handled by machines. Companies need to provide training and re-skilling opportunities to ensure a smooth transition for their workforce.3.3 Technical ComplexityAutomation systems often involve complex integration of various technologies, such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and data analytics. Companies must have skilled personnel capable of managing and maintaining these systems effectively.Section 4: Future Trends in Automation4.1 Collaborative RobotsCollaborative robots, also known as cobots, are designed to work alongside humans, assisting them in tasks that require precision and strength. These robots can improve productivity and safety by working in close proximity to humans without the need for extensive safety measures.4.2 Internet of Things (IoT) IntegrationThe integration of automation systems with the Internet of Things allows for real-time monitoring and control of manufacturing processes. IoT enables seamless communication between machines, sensors, and data analytics platforms, leading to predictive maintenance and optimized production.4.3 Artificial Intelligence (AI)AI technologies, such as machine learning and computer vision, enable automation systems to learn and adapt to new situations. AI-powered robots can analyze data, make decisions, and perform complex tasks with minimal human intervention, revolutionizing the manufacturing industry.Conclusion:Automation has become an integral part of the manufacturing industry, offering numerous benefits such as increased productivity, enhanced quality control, cost reduction, improved workplace safety, and increased flexibility. While challenges exist, such as initial investment and workforce adaptation, the future of automation looks promising with the emergence of collaborative robots, IoT integration, and artificial intelligence. Embracing automation technologies will undoubtedly pave the way for a more efficient and competitive manufacturing sector.Translation:自动化在制造业中的应用：概述简介：自动化在制造业中扮演着重要的角色，革新了生产过程，提高了效率。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译引言概述：自动化专业是现代工程技术领域中的重要学科，涵盖了自动控制系统、机器人技术、工业自动化等多个方面。

在学习和实践中，掌握和理解自动化专业的英文术语和翻译是非常重要的。

本文将从五个大点出发，详细阐述自动化专业英语原文和翻译的相关内容。

正文内容：1. 自动控制系统（Automatic Control System）1.1 控制器（Controller）1.2 传感器（Sensor）1.3 执行器（Actuator）1.4 反馈（Feedback）1.5 稳定性（Stability）2. 机器人技术（Robotics）2.1 机器人（Robot）2.2 机械臂（Manipulator）2.3 传感器（Sensor）2.4 视觉系统（Vision System）2.5 自主导航（Autonomous Navigation）3. 工业自动化（Industrial Automation）3.1 自动化生产线（Automated Production Line）3.2 人机界面（Human-Machine Interface）3.3 传感器网络（Sensor Network）3.4 电气控制（Electrical Control）3.5 数据采集（Data Acquisition）4. 自动化软件（Automation Software）4.1 PLC编程（PLC Programming）4.2 HMI设计（HMI Design）4.3 数据分析（Data Analysis）4.4 模拟仿真（Simulation）4.5 系统集成（System Integration）5. 自动化工程（Automation Engineering）5.1 项目管理（Project Management）5.2 自动化设计（Automation Design）5.3 系统调试（System Debugging）5.4 故障诊断（Fault Diagnosis）5.5 性能优化（Performance Optimization）总结：综上所述，自动化专业英语原文和翻译是自动化工程师必备的技能之一。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译Automation in the Field of EngineeringIntroduction:Automation plays a crucial role in various industries, including engineering. As a result, proficiency in both English and technical knowledge is essential for professionals in the field of automation. This article will provide an original text and its translation in English, focusing on the importance of automation in engineering.Original Text:自动化是一种通过使用计算机技术和控制系统来实现自动操作和控制的技术。

在工程领域，自动化被广泛应用于诸如创造、能源、交通、通信等各个方面。

自动化技术的发展使得工程师能够更高效地完成任务，提高生产效率，并减少了人为错误的发生。

自动化系统可以用于监控和控制各种设备和过程，从而实现自动化生产线、智能交通系统和智能家居等应用。

自动化在工程领域的应用非常广泛。

例如，在创造业中，自动化系统可以用于自动装配和生产线控制，从而提高产品质量和生产效率。

在能源领域，自动化系统可以用于监控和控制发电厂的运行，实现能源的高效利用。

在交通领域，自动化技术可以应用于智能交通信号灯控制和车辆导航系统，提高交通效率和安全性。

在通信领域，自动化系统可以用于网络管理和故障诊断，确保通信网络的稳定运行。

自动化专业英语翻译：Automation is a technology that enables automatic operations and control through the use of computer technology and control systems. In the field of engineering, automation finds extensive applications in various sectors such as manufacturing, energy, transportation, and communication. The development of automation technology allows engineers to efficiently complete tasks, enhance productivity, and reduce human errors. Automation systems can be used for monitoring and controlling various devices andprocesses, enabling applications such as automated production lines, intelligent transportation systems, and smart homes.Automation finds wide-ranging applications in the field of engineering. For instance, in the manufacturing industry, automation systems can be employed for automated assembly and production line control, thereby improving product quality and productivity. In the energy sector, automation systems can be utilized for monitoring and controlling the operation of power plants, facilitating efficient utilization of energy resources. In the transportation domain, automation technology can be applied to intelligent traffic signal control and vehicle navigation systems, enhancing traffic efficiency and safety. In the communication field, automation systems can be used for network management and fault diagnosis, ensuring stable operation of communication networks.Conclusion:The integration of automation in the field of engineering has revolutionized various industries, enabling efficient and reliable operations. Proficiency in both technical knowledge and English language skills is essential for professionals in the automation field to effectively communicate and implement automation solutions. By harnessing the potential of automation, engineers can optimize processes, improve productivity, and contribute to the advancement of the engineering industry.。

中英文对照外文翻译Automation of professional developmentAutomation in the history of professional development, "industrial automation" professional and "control" professional development of the two main line, "industrial automation" professional from the first "industrial enterprises electrified" professional.In the 1950s, the New China was just founded, the 100-waste question, study the Soviet Union established system of higher education, Subdivision professional. Corresponding to the country in the construction of industrial automation and defense, military construction in automatic control, successively set up the "electrification of industrial enterprises" professional and "control" professional (at that time in many schools, "Control" professional secrecy is professional) . After several former professional name of evolution (see below), and gradually develop into a "biased towards applications, biased towards strong," Automation, and the latter to maintain professional name of "control" basically unchanged (in the early days also known as the "automatic learning And remote learning, "" Automatic Control System "professional), and gradually develop into a" biased towards theory, biased towards weak, "the automation professional, and come together in 1995, merged into aunified" automatic "professional . In 1998, according to the Ministry of Education announced the latest professional undergraduate colleges and universities directory, adjusted, the merger of the new "automated" professional include not only the original "automatic" professional (including "industrial automation" professional and "control" professional ), Also increased the "hydraulic transmission and control of" professional (part), "electrical technology" professional (part) and "aircraft guidance and control of" professional (part).Clearly, one of China's automation professional history of the development of China's higher education actually is a new development of the cause of a microcosm of the history, but also the history of New China industrial development of a miniature. Below "industrial automation" professional development of the main line of this example, a detailed review of its development process in the many professional name change (in real terms in the professional content changes) and its industrial building at the time of the close relationship.First a brief look at the world and China's professional division history. We know that now use the professional division is largely from the 19th century to the beginning of the second half of the first half of the 20th century stereotypes of the engineering, is basically industry (products) for the objects to the division, they have been the image of people Known as the "industry professionals" or "trade associations." At present the international education system in two categories, with Britain and the United States as the representative of the education system not yet out of "industry professionals" system, but has taken the "generalist" the road of education and the former Soviet Union for Europe (close to the Soviet Union) as the representative The education system, at the beginning of theimplementation of "professionals" education, professional-very small, although reforms repeatedly, but to the current "industry professionals" are still very obvious characteristics.In the 1950s, just after the founding of New China, a comprehensive study and the Soviet Union and sub-professional very small; Since reform and opening up, only to Britain and the United States to gradually as the representative of the education system to move closer, and gradually reduce the professional, the implementation of "generalist" education through a number of professional Restructuring and merger (the total number of professionals from the maximum of 1,343 kinds of gradually reducing the current 249 kinds), although not out of "industry professionals" and "Mei Ming," but many of the colleges and universities, mostly only one of a Professional, rather than the past more than a professional.Before that, China's first professional automation from the National University in 1952 when the first major readjustment of the establishment of professional - electrified professional industrial enterprises. At that time, the Soviet Union assistance to the construction of China's 156 large industrial enterprises, automation of much-needed electrical engineering and technical personnel, and such professional and technical personnel training, and then was very consistent with China's industrial construction. By the 1960s, professional name changed to "industrial electric and automation," the late 1970s when to resume enrollment "Electric Industrial Automation" professional. This is not only professional name changes, but has its profound meaning, it reflects China's industries from "electrified" step by step to the "automatic" into the real history and that part of the development trend of China's automation professional reflects how urgent countries Urgent for the country'seconomic construction services that period of history and development of real direction.1993, after four years of the third revision of the undergraduate professional directories, the State Education Commission issued a call "system integrity, more scientific and reasonable, the harmonization of norms," the "ordinary professional directory of undergraduate colleges and universities." "Electric Industrial Automation" and "production process automation" merger of the two professional electrician to set up a kind of "industrial automation" professional, by the then Ministry of Industry Machinery centralized management colleges and universities to set up industrial automation teaching guide at the Commission, responsible for the "Industrial Automation "professional teaching and guiding work at the same time," Control "was attributable to the professional category of electronic information, the then Ministry of Industry of electronic centralized management control to set up colleges and universities teaching guide at the Commission, responsible for the" control " Professional teaching guide our work. After the professional adjustment, further defined the "industrial automation" professional and "control" professional "- both strong and weak, hardware and software into consideration and control theory and practical system integration, and the movement control, process control and other targets of control "The common characteristics with the training objectives, but also the basic set of" industrial automation "biased towards strong, professional, biased towards applications," Control "professional biased towards weak, biased towards the theory of professional characteristics and pattern of division of labor. 1995, the State Education Commission promulgated the "(University) undergraduate engineering leading professional directory", the electrical category "industrialautomation" professional and the original electronic information such as "control" of professional electronic information into a new category of "automatic" professional . As this is the leading professional directory, are not enforced, coupled with general "industrial automation" strong or weak, both professional "into" a weak professional category of electronic information is not conducive to professional development and thus many Schools remain "industrial automation" professional and "control" the situation of professional co-exist. Since 1996 more, again commissioned by the Ministry of National Education Ministry of Industry and electronic machinery industries of other parts of the establishment of the new session (second session) centralized management guidance at the University Teaching Commission, making the leading professionals have not been effective Implemented.1998, to meet the country's economic construction of Kuan Koujing personnel training needs, further consolidation of professional and international "generalist" education track by the Ministry of Education announced a fourth revision of the latest "Universities Undergraduate Catalog." So far in the use of the directory, the total number of professionals from the third amendments to the 504 kinds of substantially reduced to 249 species, the original directory is strong, professional electrician and a weak professional category such as electronics and information into categories Electric power, the unity of Information, a former electrician at the same time kind of "industrial automation" professional and the type of electronic information "control" professional formal merger, together with the "hydraulic transmission and control of" professional (part) , "Electric technology" professional (part) and "aircraft guidance and controlof" professional (part), the composition of the new (enforcement) are electrical information such as "automatic" professional. According to statistics, so far the country has more than 200 colleges and universities set up this kind of "automatic" professional. If the name of automation as part of their professional expertise (such as "electrical engineering and automation," "mechanical design and manufacturing automation," "agricultural mechanization and automation" and other professionals) included Automation has undoubtedly is the largest in China A professional.Of the characteristics of China's automation professional:Recalling China's professional history of the development of automation, combined with the corresponding period of the construction of China's national economy to the demand for automation and automated the development of the cause, it is not difficult to sum up following professional characteristics:(1) China's automation professional is not only a relatively long history (since 1952 have been more than 50 years), and from the first day of the establishment of professional automation, has been a professional one of the countries in urgent need, therefore the number of students has also been The largest and most employers welcome the allocation of the professional one.(2) China's automation is accompanied by a professional from the electrification of China's industrial automation step by step to the development of stable development, professional direction and the main content from the first prominent electrified "the electrification of industrial enterprises" step by step for the development of both the electric and automation " Industrial electric and automation ", highlighting the electrical automation" Electric Industrial Automation "and prominent automation" industrial automation ", then the merger of professional education reform in1995 and" control "of professional content into a broader" automated " Professional. From which we can see that China's automation professional Although the initial study in the Soviet education system established under the general environment, but in their development and the Soviet Union or the United States and Britain did not copy the mode, but with China's national conditions (to meet national needs for The main goal) from the innovation and development of "cross-industry professionals," features the professional.自动化专业的发展自动化专业的发展历史中，有“工业自动化”专业与“自动控制”专业两条发展主线，其中“工业自动化”专业最早源于“工业企业电气化”专业。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译Abstract:This document provides a comprehensive overview of the field of automation, including its definition, applications, and current trends. It also includes a detailed explanation of key terms and concepts related to automation. The document aims to serve as a resource for professionals and students in the field of automation, as well as anyone interested in gaining a deeper understanding of this rapidly evolving discipline.1. IntroductionAutomation is the use of technology to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. It involves the design, development, and implementation of systems that can operate autonomously or semi-autonomously. Automation has revolutionized various industries, including manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and agriculture, by increasing efficiency, productivity, and safety.2. Definition and ScopeAutomation encompasses a wide range of technologies and processes, such as robotics, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and control systems. It involves the integration of hardware and software components to create intelligent systems capable of performing complex tasks. The scope of automation includes industrial automation, process automation, home automation, and office automation.3. Applications of Automation3.1 Manufacturing AutomationManufacturing automation involves the use of machines and robotic systems to automate production processes. It includes tasks such as assembly, packaging, material handling, and quality control. Automation in manufacturing has led to increased production rates, improved product quality, and reduced labor costs.3.2 Transportation AutomationTransportation automation aims to automate various aspects of transportation systems, including vehicles, traffic control, and logistics. It includes technologies such as autonomous vehicles, intelligent transportation systems, and automated warehouses. Automation in transportation can enhance safety, reduce congestion, and optimize resource utilization.3.3 Healthcare AutomationHealthcare automation involves the use of technology to streamline healthcare processes and improve patient care. It includes electronic medical records, telemedicine, robotic surgery, and automated drug dispensing systems. Automation in healthcare can enhance accuracy, reduce errors, and improve overall efficiency.3.4 Agriculture AutomationAgriculture automation focuses on automating agricultural processes to increase productivity and reduce labor requirements. It includes technologies such as precision farming, automated irrigation systems, and robotic harvesting. Automation in agriculture can optimize resource usage, improve crop yields, and minimize environmental impact.4. Key Terms and Concepts4.1 RoboticsRobotics is the branch of automation that deals with the design, construction, and operation of robots. Robots are programmable machines capable of carrying out tasks autonomously or under human supervision. They can be used in various industries for tasks that are dangerous, repetitive, or require high precision.4.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI)Artificial Intelligence refers to the ability of machines to mimic human intelligence and perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as speech recognition,decision-making, and problem-solving. AI is a key component of many automation systems, enabling machines to learn from data and adapt to changing conditions.4.3 Machine LearningMachine Learning is a subset of AI that focuses on the development of algorithms and models that allow machines to learn from data and make predictions or decisions without explicit programming. Machine learning algorithms are used in various automation applications, such as image recognition, natural language processing, and predictive maintenance.4.4 Control SystemsControl systems are used to monitor and regulate the behavior of machines and processes. They involve sensors, actuators, and feedback mechanisms to maintain desired performance and stability. Control systems are essential in automation to ensure accurate and reliable operation of automated systems.5. Current Trends in Automation5.1 Internet of Things (IoT)The Internet of Things refers to the network of interconnected devices that can communicate and exchange data. IoT enables automation by connecting physical objects to the internet, allowing remote monitoring and control. It has applications in various domains, such as smart homes, industrial automation, and healthcare.5.2 Big Data AnalyticsBig Data Analytics involves the use of advanced analytics techniques to extract insights from large and complex datasets. In automation, big data analytics can be used to optimize processes, detect anomalies, and make data-driven decisions. It enables predictive maintenance, real-time monitoring, and continuous improvement.5.3 Collaborative RobotsCollaborative robots, also known as cobots, are designed to work alongside humans in a shared workspace. They are equipped with sensors and safety features to ensure safe interaction with humans. Collaborative robots are increasingly used in manufacturing, healthcare, and other industries to enhance productivity and flexibility.Conclusion:Automation is a rapidly evolving field with significant implications for various industries and society as a whole. This document has provided an in-depth overview of automation, including its definition, applications, key terms, and current trends. It serves as a valuable resource for professionals and students in the field of automation, as well as anyone interested in understanding the fundamental concepts and advancements in this exciting discipline.。

第六单元A AC Machines交流机In troductio n简介The electrical mach ine that conv erts electrical en ergy into mecha ni cal en ergy, and vice versa, is the workhorse in a drive system. A machi ne is a complex structure electrically, mechanically, and thermally.Although machines were introduced more than one hun dred years ago, the research and developme nt in this area appears to be n ever-e nding. However, the evoluti on of machi nes has bee n slow compared to that of power semic on ductor devices and power electr onic con verters.Traditi on ally, AC machines with a constant frequency sinusoidal power supply have been used in con sta nt-speed applicatio ns, whereas DC mach ines were preferred for variable-speed drives. But in the last two or three decades,we have seen extensive research and development efforts for variable-frequency, variable-speed AC machine drive tech no logy, and they will progressively replace DC drives. In most cases, new applicati ons use AC drives.将电能转换成机械能或将机械能转换成电能的电机是传动系统中的主要组成部分。

P2U1A The World of Control 生词与短语regulate v. 调整abound v. 大量存在aerodynamic adj。

空气动力学的power boost 功率助推装置damp v。

阻尼，减幅，衰减yaw n. 偏航altitude n. 海拔attitude n。

姿态intuition n。

直觉trail—and—error n. 试凑法dynamic response 动态响应disturbance n。

扰动parameter n. 参数modification n。

修正，修改transfer function 传递函数domain n。

域，领域advent n. 出现state variable 状态变量matrix algebra 矩阵代数approach n. 途径，方法;研究proponent n。

提倡者detractor n。

批评者tutorial adj. 指导性的subsequent adj。

后序的open-loop n. 开环closed—loop n. 闭环discrete adj. 离散的differential equation 微分方程difference equation 差分方程interval n. 间隔sampled—data n. 采样数据nonlinear adj. 非线性的time—invariant adj. 时不变的coefficient n. 系数stationary adj. 静态的lumped parameter 集中参数distributed parameter 分散参数spatial adj。

空间的spring n。

弹簧lead n. 导线resistance n. 阻抗uniform adj. 一致的elastic adj。

有弹性的ordinary differential equation 常微分方程partial differential equation 偏微分方程deterministic adj. 确定的stochastic adj. 随机的predictable adj。

自动化专业相关英文缩写计算机专业英语翻译ARM（Advanced RISC Machines）是微处理器行业的一家知名企业，设计了大量高性能、廉价、耗能低的RISC处理器、有关技术及软件PLC（Programmable Logic Controller）可编程逻辑操纵器MCU(Micro Control Unit)微操纵单元SoC(System on Chip)称之系统级芯片,也有称片上系统DSP(Digital Signal Processing)数字信号处理API（Application Programming Interface)应用程序编程接口IC（integrated circuit）集成电路ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit)专用集成电路CISC（Complex Instruction Set Computer）复杂指令集RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computing)精简指令集FIFO(First Input First Output)先入先出队列CPU（Central Processing Unit）中央处理器UPS（Uninterruptible Power System ）即不间断电源LED (Light Emitting Diode)发光二极管LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 液晶显示器CRT(Cathode Ray Tube）阴极射线管显示器SPI(Serial Peripheral Interface)串行外设接口SSP(Synchronous Serial Port)同步串行接口操纵器GPIO (General Purpose Input Output)通用输入/输出FIQ（Fast Interrupt Request)快速中断请求IRQ(Interrupt Request)中断请求UART(Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter)通用异步接收/发送装置，UART是一个并行输入成为串行输出的芯片。

自动化专业常用英语词汇自动化专业是一个涉及到机械、电子、计算机等多个领域的学科，因此在学习和实践中，需要掌握一些与自动化相关的英语词汇。

下面是一些常用的自动化专业英语词汇及其解释。

1. Automation（自动化）Automation refers to the use of technology to perform tasks with minimal human intervention. It involves the use of control systems, such as computers or robots, to operate and control various processes or machines.2. Control system（控制系统）A control system is a collection of devices and software that manage and regulate the behavior of a system or process. It includes sensors, actuators, controllers, and communication networks.3. PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)（可编程逻辑控制器）A PLC is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures. It is programmed using a specialized programming language.4. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)（监控与数据采集系统）SCADA is a system used for remotely monitoring and controlling industrial processes. It combines data acquisition, networked data communication, and graphical user interface for operators to monitor and control the process.5. HMI (Human-Machine Interface)（人机界面）HMI refers to the interface that allows humans to interact with machines or systems. It typically includes a graphical user interface (GUI) that displays information and controls for operators to monitor and control the process.6. Sensor（传感器）A sensor is a device that detects and responds to physical or chemical properties, such as temperature, pressure, or light. It converts the measured value into an electrical signal that can be used for control or monitoring purposes.7. Actuator（执行器）An actuator is a device that converts electrical signals into mechanical motion. It is used to control the movement or position of a mechanical system, such as opening or closing a valve, or moving a robot arm.8. Robotics（机器人技术）Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots. It involves the study of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, and artificial intelligence.9. Artificial Intelligence（人工智能）Artificial Intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like humans. It is used in various applications, such as robotics, natural language processing, and computer vision.10. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)（工业物联网）IIoT refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, and other objects embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity that enables them to collect and exchange data. It is used in industrial settings to improve efficiency and productivity.11. Control algorithm（控制算法）A control algorithm is a set of mathematical equations or rules that determine the behavior of a control system. It defines how the system responds to different inputs and conditions to achieve the desired output.12. Feedback loop（反馈回路）A feedback loop is a mechanism that allows the output of a system to be measured and compared with the desired output. It provides information for the control system to make adjustments and maintain stability and accuracy.13. PID controller（比例-积分-微分控制器）A PID controller is a type of control algorithm that uses proportional, integral, and derivative terms to control a system. It is widely used in industrial control systems to achieve accurate and stable control.14. PLC programming（PLC编程）PLC programming refers to the process of writing and testing the program code for a programmable logic controller. It involves defining the control logic, configuring input and output devices, and implementing the desired functionality.15. Process optimization（过程优化）Process optimization is the practice of improving the efficiency, productivity, and quality of a process. It involves analyzing the process variables, identifying bottlenecks or inefficiencies, and making changes to improve performance.以上是一些自动化专业常用的英语词汇及其解释。

自动化控制系统Abstract: the information age high-tech traditional industries, in the rapid development of mechanical industry automation appeared in some new technology: the movement control loop ac servo motor drive technology, computer technology and programmable controller, the movement control CARDS, etc. This paper analyzed and summarized the new technology of basic principle, characteristics and application status, etc.Keywords: linear motor servo drive technology, computer, programmable controller, motion control1 introductionInformation age of high-tech flow caused by the traditional industry, the profound change. As one of the traditional industry, machinery industry in this new technology revolution and product structure and production system structure is a new species, microelectronics technology, the rapid development of computer technology and information, intelligent mechanical device and power equipment, machinery industry, combining began a massive mechatronics technology revolution.Along with the computer technology, electronic power technology and sensor technology development, the advanced countries mechtronie product emerge in endlessly. Machine tools, automotive, instrument, electrical appliances, light industrial machinery, textile machinery, packaging machinery, printing machinery, metallurgy, machinery, chemical machinery and industrial robots, more attention by all aspects of people's lives, it in improvement, improve work efficiency and save energy and reduce the material consumption, strengthen the competitiveness of the great aspects plays a role.In the rapid development of the electromechanical integration technology, motion control technology as its key part, also an unprecedented development, and each manufacturer launched motion control of new technology, new product. This article mainly introduced the closed-loop AC Servo drive technology (Full Closed Servo Motor, AC drive technology (go), which Linear Programmable Controller (Programmable Controller is Computer, the PCC) and the movement control CARDS (Board) Motion needed several representative of new technology.2 the closed-loop ac servo drive technologyIn the rapid development of the electromechanical integration technology, motion control technology as its key part, also an unprecedented development, and each manufacturer launched motion control of new technology, new product. This article mainly introduced the closed-loop AC Servo drive technology (Full Closed Servo Motor, AC drive technology (go), which Linear Programmable Controller (Programmable Controller is Computer, the PCC) and the movement control CARDS (Board) Motion needed several representative of new technology.Along with the computer technology, electronic power technology and sensor technology development, the advanced countries mechtronie product emerge in endlessly. Machine tools, automotive, instrument, electrical appliances, light industrial machinery, textile machinery, packaging machinery, printing machinery, metallurgy, machinery, chemical machinery and industrial robots, intelligent robots and many other categories of products every year there are new developments. Mechatronics technology has been more and more concerned by various aspects, it in improving people's life, improve work efficiency and save energy and reduce the material consumption, strengthen the competitiveness of the great aspects plays a role.In some of the positioning accuracy and the dynamic response of the demand is higher, electromechanical product ac servo system is widely used, including digital ac servo system with digital control mode is more, but the trend is very simple, debugging, use is popular. The servo drive system of the use of advanced Digital Signal Processor (DSP) Digital Signal Processor, to the motor shaft back-end department of photoelectric encoder and on location in the drive and sampling motor between the position and speed closed-loop control system, and give full play to the high speed Digital Signal Processor (DSP), automatic gain control of the servo system, and can even load changes, the real-time tracking control system; gain Some drivers have fast Fourier transform (FFT) function, the measure of GongZhenDian mechanical equipment, and through a notch filter to eliminate mechanical resonance.Normally, the digital ac servo system mostly in half of the closed-loop control work, namely the encoder feedback servo motor speed loop, also be for position loop. This kind of control mode for transmission chain of clearance and error cannot overcomeor compensation. In order to obtain higher control precision, should be in the final of the installation precision detection devices (such as: grating feet, photoelectric encoder, etc.), i.e. the closed-loop control. Comparison of the traditional method is: the closed-loop control servo systems only accept instruction, speed loop control loop control by the superior position controller (most of the closed-loop system is nc). This greatly increases the difficulty of the upper controller, servo system is limited. Currently, foreign already appeared a more perfect, can achieve higher accuracy of the closed-loop digital servo system, the realization of high automation equipment more easily. The control principle, as shown in figure 1.This system has overcome the defect of half a closed-loop control system, servo drive can direct sampling in final mechanical part position feedback element (such as grating feet, magnetic grid feet, revolving encoder, etc.), as the position loop, and the motor speed feedback at only as coder. Such servo system can eliminate the mechanical transmission of gear gap, gap (e.g., etc), ball screw clearance compensation of mechanical transmission manufacturing error (such as ball screw pitch error, etc), and realize the closedloop position control functions, higher precision. And this whole closed-loop control are accomplished by servo drive, without increasing the burden and supervisory controller in its growing industry automation equipment and developed, and start using this kind of servo system.In some of the positioning accuracy and the dynamic response of the demand is higher, the mechtronie product in communicationThis system has overcome the defects of the closed-loop system and the position loop, sampling can directly from in final position on the mechanical components (such asgratings' feedback, magnetic gate ruler, revolving encoder, etc), and the motor speed loop at only as encoder, the feedback can eliminate all the gap existing in machinery, and the servo system, but also can appear on the mechanical transmission error compensation, achieve real closed-loop function, achieve the high position control. And this whole closed-loop control are accomplished by drive, without increasing the burden of supervisory controller.Owing to the closed-loop ac servo system can get high precision, and does not need to increase the complexity of supervisory control system. So it is widely used in nc machine tools, precision CNC equipment design, etc.This system has overcome the defect of half a closed-loop control system, servo drive can direct sampling in final mechanical part position feedback element (such as grating feet, magnetic grid feet, revolving encoder, etc.), as the position loop, and the motor speed feedback at only as coder. Such servo system can eliminate the mechanical transmission of gear gap, gap (e.g., etc), ball screw clearance compensation of mechanical transmission manufacturing error (such as ball screw pitch error, etc), and realize the closedloop position control functions, higher precision. And this whole closed-loop control are accomplished by servo drive, without increasing the burden and supervisory controller more industryIn the numerical control lathe, especially in computer nc machine tools, because it has closed servo drive system work reliably, high precision and strong anti-interference, relative to the open-loop servo drive system is more commonly used. But due to the increased closed servo drive system, feedback, comparative position detection, and step into the open loop system, its structure is more complex, debugging is relatively more difficult.A closed-loop servo drive system, the actuatorAlong with the development of numerical control technology, the requirement of actuators are summed up and increasingly high, basically have the following:(1) to minimize the rotational inertia of the motor, in order to improve the system of fast dynamic response,(2) improve motor overload ability to adapt often appear the impact of the phenomenon,(3) improve speed and stability operation of motor, to ensure the uniformity of speedservo system accuracy.Due to the particularity of mechanical processing, general motors can not meet the nc machine tools for servo control requirements. At present, in the ncThe machine is widely used in the dc servo motor and ac servo motor.1 dc servo motorThe dc servo motor was used in machine tool servo system is a kind of actuators. In the servo system used in the dc servo motor servo motor for dc motors, such as low inertia and wide speed motor, etc. Although these servo motor, have the features of different structure, but its working principle and dc motor are similar.(1) low inertia dc servo motor. Main whether slot dc servo motor armature and other types of motor. No slots dc servo motor armature the working principle and structure of the same dc motor, the difference and features are: the armature core is smooth without trough, the armature winding circles with epoxy resin curing and binder in the armature core on the surface, the length and diameter of the armature five times more than in the air-gap size than the average dc motor is 10 times greater than. Its output power in dozens of watts to 10 kW. Mainly used for fast movement, power system.(2) wide speed dc torque motor. With the motor torque method to improve to improve the dynamic performance. Its structure and general dc motor, usually by similar separate-excited him. Almost all bined with armature control. It has the following features:(3) dc servo motor control principle of pulse width. The dc servo motor speed adjustment method is mainly to adjust the armature voltage. Currently the most widely used methods are transistors pulse width omdulatros - dc motor speed (PWM - M). It has the fast response, high efficiency, wide range of speed and noise pollution is small, simple and reliable.Pulse width modulator, using the basic working principle of switch power transistor, dc voltage must be converted into the frequency voltage, add to the dc motor armature. Through each pulse width control, wave the armature voltage change of average, adjust the speed of the motor. Figure 5-9 - M system of PWM is working principle diagram. Figure 5-9 will set the switch (a) to close, disconnect K cycle, start-up and shut-down cycle is T. In a period of time, the time for τ, disconnect for T -respectively. If the power supply voltage U plus is constant, add to the electric power of the armature voltage waveform is a square column, its height for U,Width for τ, as shown in figure 5-9 (b). It is the average（5-2Type in the delta = τ/T, called conduction rate. When T unchanged, as long as the continuous change, can make the armature voltage average (namely dc component) from 0 to U, and continuous changes continually changing motor speed. The actual system with high PWM - M triode switch K. 2 ac servo motorAc servo motor drive is the latest development of new servo system, the machine is driven system for a new trend. The dc motor drive system ZhengLiuZi brush and often repair, motor and using environment size restriction shortcomings. It can speed in a wide range of torque, produce the ideal of simple structure, reliable operation, used for numerical control machine tool, to drive system for precision into position control.The working principle of ac servo motor with two phase asynchronous motor is similar. However, due to it in the nc machine tools as actuators, ac signal conversion for the angular velocity or on the rotor speed requirements, so how can reflect the control signal phase, it is not turning control signals. Especially when it has in turn, if control signals disappear, it immediately stop turning. But ordinary induction motors turn, if the control signal to disappear, it often can't stop immediately and will continue to roll.Also by ac servo motor stator and rotor. The stator windings and control winding is excitation, the difference in the space of two winding Angle of 90 ° electricity. If the two phase windings in amplitude and phase equal 90 ° Angle of the electric motor on voltage, the symmetry of air gap in the circular rotating magnetic field. If two voltage amplitude range for 90 ° or phase Angle of electric, magnetic fields produced by a rotating magnetic oval. Add in the control signal is different, the winding magnetic field generated by the ellipse is different also. For example, load torque must change control signals, and can change the ellipse, magnetic control servo motor speed. Ac servo motor control mode has 3 kinds: amplitude and phase control amplitude and phase hybrid control3 linear motor drive technologyGeneral motors is turning to work. But with rotating motor drive traffic tools (suchas electric locomotive and city in the trolley, etc) need to do with rotating linear motion of the motor driving machine parts also should make linear motion. This will need to increase the rotation movement into a set of linear motion can directly use device. The motor to drive straight movement, eliminating this suit? Several decades ago, people put forward this problem. Now has made a straight-line movement of the motor, linear motor.Linear motor principle is not complicated. Imagine an induction motor rotate along the movement direction of the radius and flattening dividing, it became a linear induction motor (chart) in the linear motor, equivalent to rotate the motor stator, called primary, The equivalent of motor rotor spinning, subprime. Primary zhongtong to exchange, subprime on electromagnetic force under the action of linear motion along the primary do. Then primary do very long, extends to the movement of the need to achieve, but does not need so long subprime. Actually, linear motor can regard primary do very long, also can make long; secondary Can both primary and secondary mobile, fixed fixed, junior secondary also can move.Linear motor is a new kind of motor, in recent years, wide application. Maglev train is driven by motor.Maglev train is a kind of brand-new. Generally, because the train wheel and rail, limit the friction between the speed increase, it can reach the highest speed than 300km/n. maglev train, with magnetic suspension is to train and guide, by reducing friction, from contact, improve speed. By the linear motor train traction. Linear motor in the ground level, a fixed extends far to guide together, Another level installation on the train to exchange links. Primary, train the guide. Train is equipped with magnets (some fat&oil linear motor coil magnet), with the train when motion, make in the ground wire (or metal plates induced current in the magnetic induction current, and trains the magnet (or coil) of the electromagnetic force between the train is suspended. The advantages of suspension trains is running smoothly, no turbulence, low noise, small, as long as the traction for thousands of power can make kw suspension speed of trains to 550km/h. suspension trains deceleration, magnetic field changes, also reduced, magnetic induction current abate, causing levitation force trains were suspended. Equipped with a wheel device, it's like aircraft wheel, in the procession, timely income can train stops down to support the train.To make the quality of the huge magnetic levitation train on, need strong magnetic field, the practical need with HTS windings such strong magnetic field.Linear motor except for maglev train, also widely used in other aspects, such as system, electrical QiChui, electromagnetic mixer etc. In China, the linear motor is also gradually get promotion and application of the principle of linear motor. Though not complicated, but in the design and manufacturing has its own characteristics, the product is still not mature, motor that further research and improvement.Linear motor servo system in the application in the world, in recent years has also get attention, machine tool industry in western industrialized region and a "hot" linear motor.The machine adopts feeding system, in line with the direct drive motor rotate motor drive the biggest difference is cancelled from motor to workbench (dragging plate) between mechanical transmission link, the machine into the length of the transmission chain to zero, the transmission way has been called the "zero transmission". Because of this "zero" manner, driving the rotating motor driving mode can achieve performance index and advantages.1.the high response system directly cancelled due to some of the response time constant of mechanical transmission parts (such as ball screw, etc.), make whole closed-loop control system dynamic performance greatly improve sensitive reaction.2 precision linear drive system cancelled due to the ball screw transmission mechanism of such errors and reduce the gap and the interpolation of transmission system lags movement of the tracking error. Through the line position detectionIn 1987 the International electrotechnical commission (Electrical)issued by the International aid of PLC in the draft standards PLC made below definition:"PLC is a specialized in industrial environment design and application of the electronic device digital computing operations. It can be used for the storage, programming in its internal logic operation sequence execution, storage, timing, counting and arithmetic operation instruction, and through digital or analog input and output, the control of various types of machinery or production process. PLC and related peripheral equipment should be easy and industrial control system according to form a whole, easy to expand its functional principle and design.The characteristics of PLC(1), high reliability and anti-interference abilityThe traditional relay control system USES a lot of time relay, middle relays. The poor, easy contact fault occurs. Instead of using the software of PLC relay and time relay, between left and the input and output of the related hardware, can reduce a connection to the relay control system of 1/10 ~ 1/100, because of the failure caused by poor contact point is greatly reduced.High reliability is the key performance of electrical control equipment. PLC with modern large scale integrated circuit technology, adopting strict production process manufacturing, internal circuit adopted advanced anti-interference techniques, and has high reliability. Such as mitsubishi company production of F series PLC MTBF $30 million hours. Some use redundancy CPU PLC is the average time longer trouble-free. The machine from PLC, using PLC circuit control system, and the same form of relay contact system, electrical wiring and compared to switch contacts have one hundreds and even thousands of fault is greatly reduced. In addition, PLC hardware malfunction with function, malfunction can timely warning message. In software applications, users can also into outer device of fault diagnosis procedure,make system in addition to the circuit and equipment outside PLC for fault diagnosis. So, the system has high reliability, I wouldn't be surprised.(2), hardware, complete functions, applicabilityPLC to today, has formed a large, medium and small scale of various series of products, and standardization and serialization, modular, equipped with complete varieties of various hardware device for the user chooses, users can easily for the system configuration, functions, different dimensions of different components of the system. PLC installation wiring very convenient also, general use terminals wiring connections. PLC have strong ability to load, with direct drive general solenoid and ac contactor, can be used in all kinds of industrial control. Besides logic function, most modern PLC has perfect data operation ability, can be applied to various digital control field. In recent years, the function of PLC, unit of PLC to control, temperature control, the position of various industrial control of CNC system. To enhance the capability of communication with PLC and HMI technology development, the use of PLC control system composed of very easily.(3), easy to use, deeply engineering and technical personnelPLC as general industrial controlling computer, is facing the industrial equipment mining enterprises. It is easy to interface, programming language for engineering and technical personnel. Ladder diagram language symbols and expression way and relay diagram, use PLC to control the small quantity of switch logic can be easily realized directive function of circuit relay. For not familiar with electronic circuit, don't understand computer principle and assembly language used in industrial control computer opens.(4), system design, installation, debugging and maintenance convenience, small amount to reformPLC ladder-diagram procedures generally USES sequence control design method. This kind of programming method is very regular, is easy to learn. For complexcontrol system, the design of the ladder diagram design relay system diagram than much less time.PLC logical connection with instead of storing logic, greatly reduce the control equipment of external control system design, construction and the cycle is much shorter, while maintaining also becomes easier. More important is that the same equipment after changing process change process becomes possible. It is very suitable for variety, small batch production.(5), small volume, light weight, low energy consumptionFor example, ultra-small PLC to produce new varieties of bottom, is only 100mm is smaller than the size of a few relays, so will switch to smaller 1/2-10. It weighs less than 150g, only a few consumption. Due to the small size easily loaded machinery, is the ideal control electromechanical equipment.PLC application fieldsAt present, has been widely applied in PLC steel, petroleum, chemical industry, electric power, building materials, machinery manufacturing, automotive, textile, transportation, environmental protection, and cultural entertainment industries, using general can be summed up as follows several types.(1), the logic control switch quantityThis is the most fundamental and most extensive PLC application domain, it is replacing the traditional relay circuit, realize logic control, sequence control, which can be used for the control of a single device, can also be used to control and automation line more machines. Such as injection molding machine, printing machine, a stapler, combination machine tools, grinding spurt, packaging production line, electroplating line etc.(2), analog controlIn industrial production process, there are many changes, such as temperature, pressure, and flow, liquid level and speed are simulated. In order to makethe programmable controller processing Analog, must realize Analog/Digital and Analog to produce stats () () of Digital between the A/D conversion and D/A transformation. PLC manufacturer production supporting the A/D and D/A conversion module, make the programmable controller for analog control.(3), motion controlPLC can be used in circular motion or linear motion control. From control configuration, early directly to switch I/O modules connected position sensor and actuator, now generally use special movement control module. If can drive stepping motor servo motor or the uniaxial or multi-axis position control module. The world of major PLC control functions are almost, widely used in all kinds of machinery, machine tool, robots, elevator, etc.(4), process controlRefers to the process control of temperature, pressure, and flow rate analog closed-loop control. As industrial controlling computer, PLC can prepare all kinds of control algorithm procedures, complete closed-loop control. The PID closed-loop control system is usually USES morer adjustment methods. There are large and medium-sized PLC, many small PID module has the function of PLC module. PID processing is generally run special PID subroutines. Process control in metallurgy, chemical, heat treatment, so there is widely used.(5), data processingModern mathematics has PLC (including matrix computation, function, logic operation), data transfer, data transformation, sorting, table, a operation and so on the function, can complete data collection, analysis and processing. These data can be stored in the memory and comparison, the accomplishment of a certain reference control operation, also can use communication function to other intelligent device, or will they print TAB. Commonly used for data processing, such as no large-scale control system control of the flexible manufacturing systems, Can also be used to process control systems, such aspapermaking, metallurgy, food industry in some large control system.(6), communications and networkingPLC communication contains PLC communication and PLC and other intelligent device communications. Along with the development of computer control, factory automation network development quickly, the PLC manufacturer attach great importance to the PLC have their communication function, the network system. The PLC have the communication interface, the communication is very convenient.PLC and statusThe first PLC is in 1969, the equipment Co., LTD. (DEC). Limitation of time and the development level of computer components conditions of early, mainly by division element and PLC and scale integrated circuit, can complete simple logic control and timing, count function. In the early 1970s appeared microprocessors. Soon, people will introduce the PLC programmable controller, increased computing, data transmission and processing function, finished with computer characteristics of real industrial control device. In order to facilitate the familiar relays, system of engineering and technical personnel, by using the programmable controller and relay diagram similar ladder-diagram programming languages, as the main computing and processing and will take the computer storage components to relay name. This is the computer technology and PLC control relay combination of concept.In the 1970s, programmable controller ZhongMoQi into practical development phase, the computer technology has been introducing programmable controller, its function in the leap. Higher speed, ultra-small size and more reliable industrial anti-interference design, analog computation, high ratio of PID and laid it on the status of modern industry. In the 1980s, the programmable controller in advanced industrial countries has obtained the widespread application. During this period the development characteristicsof the programmable controller is large, high speed, high performance, product series. This stage of another characteristic is the world production programmable controller is increasing, the yield of country is increasing day by day. This marked the programmable controller has already entered in mature stage.The late 20th century, the development of the programmable controller is more suited to the needs of modern industry. From the control, and the scale of development period and minicomputers mainframe, From birth control ability, a variety of special functional unit, used for pressure, temperature and speed and displacement etc. Various control occasions, Products from the supporting capacity, the production of man-machine interface unit, communication unit application programmable controller of industrial control equipment supporting more easily. At present, the programmable controller in machinery, petroleum chemical industry, metallurgy, automobile, light steel fields are developed.In China, the programmable controller is applied, the development, the production with the reform and opening-up started. First introduced equipment is used in great quantities in the programmable controller. The enterprise in the production equipment and products in the application of PLC is expanding. At present, our country already can produce small programmable controller. Shanghai east room of CF production electric Co., LTD, hangzhou machine series production of electric DKK and D series, dalian modular machine tool research production of series, suzhou electronic computer S factory etc. Series product YZ has a certain scale and in industrial products. In addition, wuxi uh guano corporation, Shanghai township island sino-foreign joint venture company is famous in China and the PLC manufacturers. As can be expected, China's modernization, China will have more PLC in wide application.。

Control Engineering and TechnologySome Advances in TechnologyControl engineering is driven by available technology and the pace of the relevant technology advances is now rapid . In this section we mention a few of the advances in technology that currently have ,or will have ,an impact on control engineering . More specific details can be found in the Notes and References at the end of this chapter.1.3 控制工程和技术1.3.1 一些技术上的进步控制工程是由可用的技术和相关技术快速进步的步伐所推动的。

在本节中,我们提到的一些目前拥有或将要拥有的技术进步以及它在控制工程上的影响。

更具体的细节可以在本章末尾的注释和参考中被找到。

note n. 注释，说明；[金融] 票据reference n. [图情] 参考文献；参照；推荐信Integrated and Intelligent SensorsOver the past decade the technology of integrated sensors has been developed . Integrated sensors are built using the techniques of microfabrication originally developed for integrated circuits ; they often include the signal conditioning and interface circuitry on the same chip, in which case they are called intelligent sensors. This signal conditioning might include, for example, temperature compensation. Integrated sensors promise greater reliability and linearity than many conventional sensors, and because they are typically cheaper and smaller than conventional sensors, it will be possible to incorporate many more sensors in the design of control systems than is currently done.集成智能传感器在过去的十年中集成传感器的技术已经得到了发展。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译自动化专业英语原文和翻译是指将自动化专业相关的文本内容进行英文原文和翻译的处理。

自动化专业是现代工程技术领域的一个重要学科，涉及到自动控制、机械电子、计算机科学等多个方面的知识。

在国际交流和学术研究中，使用英语进行交流和发表论文是非常普遍的。

下面是一段关于自动化专业的英文原文和翻译示例：原文：Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed with minimal human assistance. It plays a crucial role in various industries, including manufacturing, transportation, and healthcare. Automation systems are designed to increase efficiency, improve safety, and reduce human errors. With the rapid development of technology, automation has become an essential part of modern society.翻译：自动化是一种通过最小化人类干预来执行过程或者程序的技术。

它在包括创造业、交通运输和医疗保健等各个行业中起着至关重要的作用。

自动化系统旨在提高效率、改善安全性并减少人为错误。

随着技术的快速发展，自动化已成为现代社会不可或者缺的一部份。

原文：In the field of automation, there are various sub-disciplines, such as industrial automation, process automation, and home automation. Industrial automation focuses on the use of control systems to operate industrial machinery and processes. Process automation involves the use of technology to automate repetitive tasks and streamline workflows. Home automation aims to provide convenience and comfort by integrating various household devices and systems.翻译：在自动化领域中，有各种子学科，如工业自动化、过程自动化和家庭自动化。

自动化专业英语自动化专业英语是指在自动化领域中使用英语进行交流和表达的专业英语。

自动化是一门综合性学科，涉及到机械、电子、计算机、控制等多个领域，因此在专业英语中需要掌握相关的词汇、表达方式和专业知识。

一、自动化专业英语词汇1. Automation（自动化）：The technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a system operate automatically.2. Control system（控制系统）：A system that manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems.3. Programmable logic controller (PLC)（可编程逻辑控制器）：A digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes.4. Sensor（传感器）：A device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment.5. Actuator（执行器）：A component of a machine that is responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism.6. Feedback（反馈）：The process of returning part of the output of a system to its input.7. Process control（过程控制）：A system that uses sensors and feedback to automatically adjust the operation of a process.8. Industrial robot（工业机器人）：A robot system used for manufacturing, assembly, or material handling tasks.9. Human-machine interface (HMI)（人机界面）：The point of interaction between a human operator and a machine.10. SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)（监控与数据采集系统）：A system for remote monitoring and control of industrial processes.二、自动化专业英语表达方式1. Describing a process（描述过程）：To begin with, the raw materials are fed into the production line. Then, the sensors detect the input and send signals to the control system. The control system processes the signals and adjusts the parameters of the actuators accordingly. This ensures that the production process is carried out smoothly and efficiently.2. Explaining a control system（解释控制系统）：A control system consists of several components, including sensors, actuators, and a programmable logic controller (PLC). The sensors detect the input from the environment and send signals to the PLC. The PLC processes the signals and sends commands to the actuators. The actuators then move or control the mechanism based on the commands received. This allows the control system to regulate and maintain the desired behavior of the system.3. Discussing the importance of automation（讨论自动化的重要性）：Automation plays a crucial role in various industries. It improves efficiency, reduces human error, and increases productivity. By automating repetitive tasks, companies can save time and resources. Moreover, automation enables real-time monitoring and controlof processes, leading to better quality control and higher safety levels. In addition, automation allows for flexibility and scalability, as systems can be easily reprogrammedor reconfigured to adapt to changing requirements.4. Presenting the benefits of using industrial robots（介绍使用工业机器人的好处）：Industrial robots have revolutionized manufacturing processes. They can perform repetitive tasks with high precision and speed, resulting in increased productivity.Furthermore, robots can operate in hazardous environments, reducing the risk to human workers. With their ability to handle heavy loads and work for extended periods, robots contribute to cost savings and improved efficiency. Additionally, robots can be programmed to perform complex tasks, such as assembly or welding, with minimal errors.三、自动化专业英语专业知识1. PID control（PID控制）：A control technique used in feedback control systems. It calculates an error value as the difference between the desired setpoint and the measured process variable. The control algorithm adjusts the output based on proportional, integral, and derivative terms to minimize the error and achieve stable control.2. Robotics（机器人技术）：The branch of engineering and science that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots. It encompasses mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, and artificial intelligence.3. PLC programming（PLC编程）：The process of creating a set of instructions for a programmable logic controller. It involves defining input and output signals, designing the control logic, and implementing the desired functionality.4. HMI design（人机界面设计）：The process of creating an interface between a human operator and a machine. It involves designing user-friendly screens, buttons, and menus to facilitate interaction and control.5. SCADA system architecture（SCADA系统架构）：The structure and components of a supervisory control and data acquisition system. It typically consists of a human-machine interface, remote terminal units, communication networks, and a central control station.以上是关于自动化专业英语的标准格式文本，涵盖了词汇、表达方式和专业知识。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译英文原文：Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed with minimal human assistance. Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers, and heat treating ovens, switching on telephone networks, steering, and stabilization of ships, aircraft, and other applications and vehicles with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some processes have been completely automated.自动化是一种通过至少的人力辅助来执行过程或者程序的技术。

自动化或者自动控制是使用各种控制系统来操作设备，例如机械、工厂中的工艺流程、锅炉和热处理炉、电话网络的开关、船舶、飞机和其他应用和车辆的控制和稳定，从而实现最小化或者减少人类干预。

一些过程已经彻底自动化。

Automation plays a crucial role in various industries and sectors, including manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and many others. It involves the use of advanced technologies and control systems to streamline processes, improve efficiency, and reduce human error.In the manufacturing industry, automation is used extensively to carry out repetitive tasks, such as assembly line operations. This not only speeds up production but also ensures consistent quality and reduces the risk of accidents. Robots and robotic systems are commonly employed in manufacturing plants to handle tasks that are dangerous or require high precision.在创造业中，自动化被广泛应用于执行重复性任务，例如流水线操作。

自动化专业英语原文和翻译Automated Professional English Original Text and TranslationOriginal Text:Automation plays a crucial role in the field of engineering, particularly in the domain of industrial processes. It involves the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce human intervention, increase efficiency, and improve productivity.In the context of the automation industry, professionals need to have a strong command of English to effectively communicate and collaborate with international partners and clients. Therefore, it is essential for students studying automation to develop their English language skills, especially in technical and professional contexts.The curriculum for automation majors should include courses that focus on English for specific purposes, such as technical writing, presentations, and negotiations. These courses should provide students with the necessary vocabulary, grammar, and communication strategies to effectively convey complex technical information in English.In addition to language skills, automation professionals should also be familiar with industry-specific terminology and concepts. They should have a solid understanding of automation systems, robotics, control systems, and programming languages commonly used in the field. This knowledge will enable them to effectively communicate and work with colleagues and clients from different countries.Furthermore, automation professionals should be aware of the latest advancements and trends in the industry. They should stay updated on new technologies, regulations, and best practices. This can be achieved through continuous professional development, attending conferences, workshops, and participating in online forums and communities.Translation:自动化在工程领域中起着至关重要的作用，特别是在工业过程领域。