【尚友制造】MBA 2012 essay全面解析--

【尚友制造】OG12阅读点评31~35提示：文中题目前面的背景色，对应该题目在文章中涉及的内容。

其中背景色中的红色字体为解题关键字。

题目中的蓝色背景色为解析题目的重点词语。

Passage31Historians of women’s labor in the United States at firstlargely disregarded the story of female service workers关注factory work的原因对女性劳动者的固有看法仍然没有改变To explain this unfinished revolution in the status ofwomen,historians have recently begun to emphasize the(15)way a prevailing definition of femininity often determinesthe kinds of work allocated to women,even when suchowners对女性工作者的the mill owners所带来对女性工作上的限制“real”aspirations were for marriage and family life.Declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of(30)men.Thus many lower-skilled,lower-paid,less secure jobscame to be perceived as“female.”More remarkable than the origin has been the persistencesex segregation在economic advantage&World WarⅡ时的情况(40)war industries.Moreover,once the war ended,employersquickly returned to men most of the“male”jobs thatwomen had been permitted to master.190.According to the passage,job segregation by sex in the United States was(A)greatly diminished by labor mobilization during the Second World War(B)perpetuated by those textile-mill owners who argued in favor of women’s employment in wage labor(C)one means by which women achieved greater job security(D)reluctantly challenged by employers except when the economic advantages were obvious(E)a constant source of labor unrest in the young textile industry答案：B解析：具体事实题Lines（35-39）叙述了sex segregation在economic advantage&World WarⅡ时的情况，由此可以判断，选项A、D错误。

【尚友制造】OG12阅读点评21~25提示：文中题目前面的背景色，对应该题目在文章中涉及的内容。

其中背景色中的红色字体为解题关键字。

题目中的蓝色背景色为解析题目的重点词语。

Passage21Two modes of argumentation have been used onbehalf of women’s emancipation in Western societies.Arguments in what could be called the“relational”feminist tradition maintain the doctrine of“equality in说明relational feminism占主导地(5)difference,”or equity as distinct for equality.They位，关键词maintainposit that biological distinctions between the sexesresult in a necessary sexual division of labor in thefamily and throughout society and that women’s pro-creative labor is currently undervalued by society,to(10)the disadvantage of women.By contrast,the individual-ist feminist tradition emphasizes individual human rightsand celebrates women’s quest for personal autonomy,while downplaying the importance of gender roles andminimizing discussion of childbearing and its attendant19世纪末期之前，二者和平共处，但是1890至1920期间，relational feminism出于主导地位。

2012MBA联考论说文写作万能模版第一段，（100字）首先，简略的引用原文，作为一篇完整的文章，应该让看的人明白你的论证从何处引申和展开的，否则，好像是无病之呻吟，所以，思路应该是：在文章开头用100字以内简洁的引述原文，抛出自己的观点。

第二段，（100字）破题，对材料有简单的分析和引申，强化观点。

第三段，（200字）通过正面论述，通过3个短暂的排比例子，（最好古代，近代，现代：比如论坚持和毅力，李白若没有“铁棒磨成针”的精神，何来“斗酒诗百篇”；杜蒲若没有“读书破万卷”，何来“下笔若有神”，马克思若没有四十年如一日的坚持，何来资本论之闻名与世。

再如：论修养方面，试想，孔子若不注重修身，何以成为圣人，受世代敬仰；战国四公子，若不注重修身，何以有门客四千，大家都愿意为其舍生取义。

）第四段，（200字）通过反面论证，如上面的论述展开，列举3个例子。

比如，周幽王、商纣王若不贪恋酒色，何以成为千古罪人而遭人唾齿；秦烩、高俅若不残害忠良，何以成为佞臣而遗臭万年；成克杰、胡长青若不贪欲堕落，何以成为国家的罪人而抱憾终身。

第五段，（100字）点击材料论点，展开号召和呼吁，说明这中情况既然如此重要，那么，作为我们现代化的建设者，国家的栋梁，没有理由漠然处之，我们责无旁贷，“天载其苍，地屐其荒，纵有千古，横有八荒，前途似锦，来日方长”、“自信人生二百年，会当击水三千里”、“以个人数十年必死之生命，扶中华千百年不倾之大厦”。

建议：正反面的字数和重点与否，根据自己的观点和题目要有所侧重，多用三句排比，语言尽量短小精悍，最好有时能形成对仗，多使用反问句，或者假设，比如：试想，若没有，何以。

论创新，“齐白石若没有五易画风，何以自成派系而成为画坛宗师；海尔集团若没有创新的思路，何以能冲出国门而成为世界名牌。

”2012MBA论说文例文羡鱼与结网《汉书・.礼乐志》中写道："临渊羡鱼，不如退而结网。

"意思是说人只是站在河边，望着河中肥美的鱼，徒然羡慕，是永远得不到鱼儿的，还不如回家结张网来捕鱼。

41~48((终结篇)【尚友制造】OG12阅读点评41~48提示：文中题目前面的背景色，对应该题目在文章中涉及的内容。

其中背景色中的红色字体为解题关键字。

题目中的蓝色背景色为解析题目的重点词语。

PS：由于这一辑的大多数文章很长，所以不再使用以前的注解形式，而是在文中直接以括号的形式注明是哪一题的定位内容，但是仍然会用高亮显示的方式标注出来。

例如：passage41的第253题答案A，标注为（41.253.A）Passage41Neotropical coastal mangrove forests are usually“zonal,”(41.256.A)with certain mangrove species found predominantly in the seaward portion of the habitat and other mangrove species on the more landward portions of the coast.The earliest research on mangrove forests produced descriptions of species distribution from shore to land,without exploring the causes of the (5)distributions.The idea that zonation is caused by plant succession was first expressed by J.H. Davis in a study of Florida mangrove forests.(41.254)According to Davis’scheme,the shoreline is being extended in a seaward direction because of the“land-building”role of mangroves,which, by trapping sediments over time,extend the shore.(41.255)As a habitat gradually becomes more inland as the shore extends,the“land-building”species are replaced.This continuous process of (10)accretion and succession would be interrupted only by hurricanes or storm flushings. (41.256.B)Recently the universal application of Davis’s succession paradigm has been challenged.It appears that in areas where weak currents and weak tidal energies allow the accumulation of sediments, mangroves will follow land formation and accelerate the rate of soil accretion;succession will proceed according to Davis’s scheme.(41.255)&(41.256.E)But on stable coastlines,the(15)distribution of mangrove species results in other patterns of zonation;“land building”does not occur.To find a principle that explains the various distribution patterns,several researchers have looked to salinity and its effects on mangrove.While mangroves can develop in fresh water,they can also thrive in salinities as high as2.5times that of seawater.However,those mangrove (20)species found in freshwater habitats do well only in the absence of competition,thus suggesting that salinity tolerance is a critical factor in competitive success among mangrove species.Research suggests that mangroves will normally dominate highly saline regions, although not because they require salt.(41.256.C)Rather,they are metabolically efficient(and hence grow well)in portions of an environment whose high salinity excludes plants adapted to (25)lower salinities.(41.256.D)Tides create different degrees of salinity along a coastline.Thecharacteristic mangrove species of each zone should exhibit a higher metabolic efficiency at that salinity than will any potential invader,including other species of mangrove.253.The primary of the purpose of the passage is to(A)refute the idea that the zonation exhibited in mangrove forests is caused by adaption to salinity(B)describe the pattern of zonation typically found in Florida mangrove forests(C)argue that Davis’succession paradigm cannot be successfully applied to Florida mangrove forests(D)discuss hypotheses that attempt to explain the zonation of coastal mangrove forests(E)establish that plants that do well in saline forest environments requre salt to achieve maximum metabolic efficiency答案：D解析：main idea文章叙述了两个关于zonation of mangrove forests分布的假设。

2012年考研英语二阅读解析In 2012, the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination English II Reading Comprehension test was widely discussed. In my opinion, a good reading comprehension requires a comprehensive understanding of the text, as well as theability to analyze and interpret the information presented.First and foremost, a strong reading comprehensionentails a solid grasp of the main ideas and supportingdetails of the passage. This involves carefully reading and re-reading the text to ensure a clear comprehension of the author's message. Additionally, it requires the ability to identify key points and distinguish between main ideas and minor details.Furthermore, effective reading comprehension also involves the skill of inference and analysis. Readers must be able to draw conclusions and make connections betweendifferent parts of the text. This requires critical thinking and the ability to analyze the underlying meaning of the passage.Moreover, a high-quality reading comprehension also includes the ability to interpret information. This means understanding the author's purpose, tone, and perspective, and being able to discern the implicit or hidden meanings within the text.Overall, a good reading comprehension in the 2012 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination English II test required a combination of strong reading skills, critical thinking, and analytical abilities. These skills are essential for success in academic and professional settings, and are important for anyone seeking to understand and communicate effectively in the English language.。

论证有效性分析历年真题【2012年1月】地球的气候变化已经成为当代世界的热点，这一问题看似复杂，其实简单，只要我们运用科学原理—如爱因斯坦的相对论一一去对待，也行就会找到解决这一问题的方法。

众所周知，爱因斯坦提出相对论颠覆了人类对于宇宙和自然地常识性观念，不管是狭义相对论还是广义相对论，都揭示了宇宙间事物运动中普遍存在的相对性。

既然宇宙万物的运动都是相对的，那么我们观察问题是也应该采用相对的方法，如变换视角等等。

假如我们变化视角去看一些问题，也学会得出和一般常识完全不同的观点，例如，我们称之为灾害的那些自然现象，包括海啸、台风、暴雨等等，其实也是大自然本身的一般现象而已，从大自然的视角来看，无所谓灾害不灾害，只是当它损害了人类利益，危机了人类生存的时候，从人类的视角来看，我们才称之为灾害。

再变换一下视角，从一个更广泛的范围来看，我们人类自己也是大自然的一部分，既然我们的祖先是类人猿，而类人猿正像大熊猫、华南虎、藏羚羊、扬子鳄乃至银杏、水杉等等一样，是珍格格自然生态中的有机组成部分，那为什么我们自己就不是了呢？由此可以，人类的问题就是大自然的问题，及时人类在某一时间部分的改变了气候，也还算整个大自然系统中的一个自然问题，自然问题自然会解决，人类不必过多干预。

（提示：论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，该论证的依据是否支持结论，论据成立的条件是否充分等。

要注意分析的内容深度、逻辑结构和语言表达。

）【参考答案】1、爱因斯坦相对论未必是颠覆了人类关于宇宙和自然常识性观念，或许也是一种补充，缺少依据。

2、万物间的运动未必都是相对的，即使是相对的，未必采用相对的方法就一定可行。

3、由自然灾害等来概括，来作证相对论有以偏概全之嫌。

4、人也是大自然中的一部分，也不足以证明不必干预自然，让其自然解决。

5、人类的问题都是大自然的问题过于绝对，或许轻率概括。

热门学校MASTER 申请ESSAY思路解析系列普渡大学——Purdue university一、学校、学院及项目介绍1. 普度大学（英语：Purdue University，或译普渡大学），是拥有六个校区的州立大学系统，主校区位于美国中西部印第安纳州西拉法叶（West Lafayette)。

普渡大学提供各式各样的主修，但其或许最为人所知的是它的工学院[来源请求]；普度工学院提供了高竞争力的课程设计与具领先地位的系所，经常被认为是全球顶尖的工程学校之一，在此发展出了数项创新，包含了您正在使用的Wiki、世界上首台全电子电视、机器人的控制与远制技术等。

2. The Krannert School of Management (or simply Krannert) is Purdue University's school of management. The school was established in 1962 as the Krannert School of Industrial Administration with a $2.7 million endowment from Herman & Ellnora Krannert.3. Krannert awards several master's degrees: International Masters in Management, Master of Science in Human Resource Management, Master of Science in Industrial Administration, Master of Science in Finance普渡大学校景（本学校图片来自于）---------------------------------------------校友交流&答疑帖------------------------------------------------[转帖]MSF 选校心得---UIUC vs. Purdue/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=394072&highlight=purdue二、商学院主要项目介绍&申请essay 思路解析『简介』The Master of Science Degree with a concentration in Finance specialization (MSF) is a cohortprogram requiring ten months of intensive study and 40 credit hours of coursework that will enhance and develop students' abilities in:l Critical evaluationl Analysisl Problem-solvingThe program consists of five modules, with new classes entering in July of each year. The summer module provides students with a strong foundation developed through an immersive experience, with accelerated courses in accounting, quantitative methods, and finance. During the fall and spring semesters, classes are taken in parallel with other Krannert master's students, with graduation in May. Graduates will receive a Master of Science degree with a concentration in Finance. The program is designed to position graduates to pursue careers in the finance industry. Students completing the program will be qualified to work in:l Corporate financel Investment managementl Security analysis and brokeragel Commercial and retail bankingl Financial management of commercial and non-profit organizations『学习计划』The MSF program leverages our established MBA core curriculum and our traditional strengths in data-driven analysis and decision-making through a concentration of course work in finance, accounting, economics, and quantitative methods. Coursework is further augmented with material from specialty areas such as capital markets, derivatives, and risk management.『课程安排』Summer Modulel MGMT 60000 ––Financial Accounting ShareWithU 尚友部落[热门学校essay 思路解析系列]l MGMT 67000 ––Quantitative Methodsl MGMT 61000 ––Financial Management 1l MGMT 61100 ––Financial Management 2l MGMT 64100 ––Options and FuturesFall Module 1l ECON 59000 ––Financial Econometricsl MGMT 60200 ––Financial Statement Analysisl MGMT 64400 ––Venture Capital and Investment BankingFall Module 2l ECON 51400 ––Microeconomicsl ECON 51500 ––Macroeconomicsl MGMT 61400 ––Portfolio Management Il MGMT 64500 ––Merger, Acquisition and Corporate ControlSpring Module 3l MGMT 61500 ––International Financel MGMT 64300 ––Risk Managementl MGMT 69000 ––Securities LawSpring Module 4l MGMT 57000 ––Spreadsheet Modeling & Simulationl MGMT 60100 ––Cost Accountingl MGMT 69000 ––Financial Instruments & Strategyl Elective –– 1 or 2 credit hours项目官网：/programs/masters/Degree_Programs/MSF/home.asp三、申请essay 题目、结构和思路『必选文章』1、Discuss your long and short term career goals, how these goals developed, and what you hope to gain from graduate study at Krannert. Limit your responses to no more than 500 words. ShareWithU 尚友部落[热门学校essay 思路解析系列]ÿ目的：i. 了解申请者的职业规划ii. 了解申请者选择该项目的原因ÿ结构要点及内容组织：i. 开门见山直接写出毕业后的职业规划。

Essay 题目权威分析--哈佛For the 2011-2012 admissions season, HBS applicants will need to respond to a total of four essay questions. Unlike the past few years in which applicants had some choice about what essay questions to respond to, this year applicants must respond to all of the questions provided. Similarly to prior years, meanwhile, applicants must be clear and concise to fit their essays within each of the essay’s 600- or 400-word limits. Let’s take a look at the essay questions for this year:1. Tell us about three of your accomplishments. (600 words)This is a variation on an essay question that has been a hallmark of the HBS application for many years, downshifting its previous request for an applicant’s “three most substantial accomplishments” to a more laid-back formulation this season. Due to its top billing, this question could be the first element of your file that the adcom reads, making this response a great opportunity to present the reader with three strong stories that introduce the major themes of your candidacy. Each accomplishment can be presented as a stand-alone section here, so you needn’t be overly concerned about composing a seamless narrative.HBS has traditionally been very impact-oriented in evaluating applicants’ credentials, so one way to determine which three accomplishments to describe in this essay is to think about the end results. Experiences in which you made a lasting and quantifiable impact can lend themselves to concise, factual narratives, and considering that each accomplishment must be described in approximately 200 words, this can be an important consideration. However, this isn’t to say that the process followed, skills gained, and lessons learned along the way aren’t important, too; highlighting an incident of personal or professional growth could offer a nice complement to some more straightforward accomplishment stories.A final point to consider is that it’s also important to select stories with an eye to balance. Harvard’s new wording takes the emphasis off maximum impressiveness, leaving prospective students with a bit more leeway to select examples that highlight a bit more range than he or she might have felt comfortable doing previously. An applicant who describes two professional successes and one extra-curricular accomplishment, or perhaps one each from the professional, academic and activities realms, can show that he or she excels in a range of settings and situations.这个题目很多年来已经成为了哈佛essay的标志，由于它被置顶为第一个题目，那么它就是adcom了解你的第一扇门，你可以在这里通过你的3个成就将你的优秀和强大展现给读者。

哥伦比亚CBS MBA 2012 essay全面解析！感兴趣的童鞋可以回顾一下去年的解析及讨论：/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=404953&highlig ht=Columbia%2BDeadlines%2BEssay%2BAnalysis/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=404699&extra= page%3D1/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=405014&extra= page%3D1Based on this year’s essay questions, it looks like Columbia remains interested in learning about applicants’ career goals and personal experiences, although the first two essay topics have slight variations from last year’s. New to the application, the third question offers students the opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge of Columbia’s program, as well as their personalities, through outlining a business plan, election speech, or career counseling conversation. Let’s take a closer look at each of the questions now:尽管前两个题目和去年相比稍微有了变化，但基于去年的题目，哥伦比亚仍然热衷于了解申请者的职业目标和个人经历。

2012MBA英语热点阅读：摩根大通The challenges facing America’s least tainted large bank美国受损最轻的大银行面临的挑战ASK Jamie Dimon if he wants to be America’s next treasury secretary, a job for which the head of JPMorgan Chase (JPM) is a dark-horse candidate, and he clams up. Ask him about almost anything else in finance and he is far less reticent. In an industry whose leaders remain scared to lift heads above the parapet, Mr Dimon has been unusually vocal in criticising the regulatory overhaul of finance. He recently grilled Ben Bernanke, the chairman of the Federal Reserve, in public about the unintended consequences of America’s Dodd-Frank reforms.现任摩根大通（JPM）总裁的杰米•戴蒙很意外地成为了下一任美国财政部长的候选人。

当被问及是否愿意担此大任时，他就三缄其口。

无论问他关于金融的任何事，他的回答都留有余地。

在金融领域，领导者们都畏畏缩缩，默不作声，只有戴蒙敢于批判金融监管改革中出现的问题。

最近，他就公开质问美联储主席本.伯南克关于美国《多德.弗兰克改革》中可能出现的不可预期的结果。

Mr Dimon’s assertiveness is explained by both congenital self-confidence and the success of his firm. JPM came through the crisis largely unscathed, making a profit in every quarter (not even Goldman Sachs managed that). Last year it made a record $17 billion after tax. It was expected to report second-quarter profits of close to $5 billion after The Economist went to press.戴蒙的自信心和公司的成就体现了他卓越的韧性。

【尚友制造】OG12阅读点评36~40提示：文中题目前面的背景色，对应该题目在文章中涉及的内容。

其中背景色中的红色字体为解题关键字。

题目中的蓝色背景色为解析题目的重点词语。

Passage36investment in service&inproduction and distribution“the truth”in lines13the regional bank的the level of customer inertia in the consumer bankingthe bank managers没有考虑到的问题only merit of the improvement was that it could easily bedescribed to customers.225.The primary purpose of the passage is to(A)contrast possible outcomes of a type of business investment(B)suggest more careful evaluation of a type of business investment(C)illustrate various ways in which a type of business investment could fail to enhance revenues(D)trace the general problems of a company to a certain type of business investment(E)criticize the way in which managers tend to analyze the costs and benefits of business investments答案：B解析：文章主旨题文章的前两句（lines1-3）指出，公司尝试提供一流的服务，但是并不能提高自己的竞争优势，在服务投资的同时也需要考虑一些其它方面的能够提高公司竞争力的方法。

2012MBA小作文重点范文求职信Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing this letter to apply for the position as a manager that you advertised in yesterday’s China Daily.I graduated from Peking University 5 years ago, majoring in marketing, and now work as a sales manager in a multinational company. Having been in this position for several years, I am good at interpersonal relationships. In addition, My English is particularly good and I have a good command of computer skills, which will live up to the requirements of the position. I believe I have not only the qualifications but also the right personality for the position.Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Yours sincerely,Zhang Wei询问信Dear Sir or Madam,I am a Chinese student who wishes to pursue further study in your university. I am writing this letter to inquire some information concerning the following aspects.First, how much are the tuition fees? Though I intend to be self-supporting, I would be interested to know if there are any scholarships available for international students. Second, I wonder what qualifications I need to follow a course at your university. Now I have got a master degree in a Chinese university. Third, with regard to accommodations, if possible, I would like to have a single room, but if single rooms are expensive, I would be willing to share.Thank you for your consideration, and I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Yours sincerely,Zhang Wei谢绝信Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing this letter to express my sincere thanks to you for your offer. Unfortunately, I cannot accept this offer.Before receiving your letter, I had got a similar offer from another company. I thinkthe position offered by that company may be more suitable for me, both in my characterand professional knowledge. In addition, it can provide me with a broader platform to showmy capacity. Therefore, I decide to quit your offer after careful consideration.Once again, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you, and I apologize for any inconvenience that I might have caused.Yours sincerely,Zhang Wei邀请信Dear Mr.Williams,I am writing on behalf of the English Department to invite you to give a lecture in ourcollege.We know that you are an expert on American literature. As English majors, our students would like to know something on American literature. We would be very grateful if you could give a talk on “Contemporary American Literature”to students of the English Department on Saturday, June 4. If this subject does n’t suit you, any other similar topic would be welcome as well. We believe that we will benefit from your experience and wisdom.Thank you for your consideration, and I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Yours sincerely,Zhang Wei。

（21）[转载]2012年MBA论证有效性分析原文地址：2012年MBA论证有效性分析-写作模版作者：江南小子论证有效性分析模版（找四处，30分，600字，25分钟完成）1、一份缺乏说服力的论证（报道、调查报告、改革方案）2、一份值得商榷的论证第一段：上述材料_____(简单总结描述)，上述计划（报告、文章、评论、建议等）的论据不足以支持其论点，论证缺乏科学性，由此而得出的结论（论证、报告、建议）是不可信的，是值得商榷的。

第二段：首先，(“不当类比”类) 文中未能将（故事/寓言）和（企业经营之道/启发）进行有效的类比。

（故事/寓言）是因为原因1 ，企业/启发是因为原因2 二者的规律也许有某种共性，但也必然有本质的区别和界限，上述论证把故事/寓言，一般化为企业/启发应对不确定性的普遍性原则。

似乎有些轻率地概括，因此，不具有客观的类比性。

第三段：其次，(“以偏概全”类)上文中对调查/个案例子的叙述也很含糊。

文中并没有提供调查/个案存在的可靠依据。

就算调查/个案是真实的，读者并不知道该项调查/个案是否具有典型性。

那也无从谈起其具有“推而广之”的代表性。

第四段：再者，(“混淆概念”类) 文中在概念的使用上也存在某些问题/（也很模糊）。

比如，在说到事件1时，上文中用的是概念1，而在说到事件2的时候，用的却是概念2。

这两个概念显然是前后不一致的，因为概念1或2不仅仅只是概念2或1。

这种概念混淆的问题，也大大削减了上文推理的严谨性和有效性。

第五段：另外，（有他因影响类）上文中______ 结论_____ 是基于论据1或2，但是论据1或2是否是导致结论_______ 的唯一原因呢？显然可以导致_____结论还可能存在_____ 、___________等诸多的影响因素。

那么，结论_______ 是否能让人们认可,能否实现预期的效果，还有待考证。

第六段：综上所述，如果上述论证（分析）能进一步提供相应的数据/论据和相关信息，排除原文的_________论证缺陷就很有说服力了，但该文中并没有说明其他信息，所以该论证是不全面的/有缺陷的。

2012考研英语作文高级Introduction:The 2012 postgraduate entrance examination, known as the "Gaokao" for graduate studies in China, presented a unique set of challenges for students aspiring to pursue higher education. One of the most critical components of this examination was the advanced English essay writing section, which tested not only the candidates' linguistic proficiency but also their ability to construct coherent, well-argued, and culturally sensitive essays.Body Paragraph 1 - The Importance of Advanced English Essay Writing:The advanced English essay writing section is a pivotal part of the examination as it evaluates a student's command over the English language, including grammar, vocabulary, and syntax. It also gauges their critical thinking skills and their capacity to present a clear and logical argument. This section is particularly important because it cansignificantly influence the overall score and the candidate's chances of admission into their desired postgraduate program.Body Paragraph 2 - Strategies for Writing a High-Quality Essay:1. Understanding the Prompt: Before beginning the essay, itis crucial to thoroughly understand the question or prompt. Misinterpretation can lead to an off-topic essay, which will not score well.2. Planning the Essay: A well-structured essay typically includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Planning these sections before writing can help ensure that the essay flows logically and covers all necessary points.3. Using a Variety of Sentence Structures: Employing a mix of simple, compound, and complex sentences can demonstrate a high level of language proficiency.4. Expanding Vocabulary: Using a wide range of vocabulary, including less common words and phrases, can enhance the essay's sophistication.5. Incorporating Examples and Evidence: Providing concrete examples and evidence to support claims strengthens the argument and makes the essay more persuasive.6. Proofreading: Time should be allocated for proofreading to correct any grammatical errors, typos, or inconsistencies in the essay.Body Paragraph 3 - Cultural Sensitivity and Language Nuances: In the 2012 examination, cultural sensitivity played a significant role in essay writing. Candidates were expected to demonstrate an understanding of cultural differences and to avoid any language that could be considered offensive or inappropriate. The use of idiomatic expressions andcolloquial language, when done correctly, can add depth to the essay but requires careful consideration to ensure it is used in the right context.Conclusion:The advanced English essay writing section of the 2012 postgraduate entrance examination was a rigorous test of a candidate's English language skills and their ability tothink critically and argue persuasively. By focusing on understanding the prompt, planning the essay structure, expanding vocabulary, incorporating examples, and ensuring cultural sensitivity, students could significantly improve their chances of writing a high-quality essay that would earn them a competitive score.。

2012年MBA MPA MPCC联考英语二阅读理解精讲篇（二）Today only one person in five in the United States lives within 50 miles of his birthplace. Since the country was first settled, Americans have moved around a great deal, and are often far away from their parents. Because they have broken ties with their past at a young age, chosen their own occupations, established their own homes and developed their own lifestyles, few American children grow up closely surrounded by grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins as they do in Italy, Nigeria, or India, for example. This along with the fact that modern American families do not have servants has made the “baby-sitter” a vital part of the American scene. A “sitter” is someone who is hired to care for children for a specific length of time—usually relatively short—while the parents are out for an evening, going to a party or a course of study for example. Sometimes the baby-sitter is also hired for longer period, perhaps when the parents are away for a weekend. In such cases the “sitter” is likely to be a mature and motherly woman. For short periods, teen-agers, college students, nursing students, and others are commonly employed on an hourly basis.From the point of view of convenience, the best sitters are often young people who live in your apartment building or close by in the neighborhood. This gives you a chance to meet the parents and see what they are like. If an emergency occurs, young sitters can call upon their parents quickly for help; you do not have to take them far to see them home at night or pay expensive taxi fares. Another advantage is that young people living close by can usually fill in quite readily on short notice or for short periods of time.In an apartment house you can ask the superintendent for permission to post a notice for a baby-sitter by the mailboxes. This is often the best way to find out if there is anyone in the building who is interested in baby-sitting. Retired people as well as students are often glad to earn a little money in this way and can be found by such a note.1. We can infer from the first paragraph that ______.A. the American is a movable and independent nationB. the Americans are often far away from their parentsC. the Children in Italy, Nigeria, or India doesn’t feel like living with their parentsD. the Americans broke ties with their past at a young age2. A baby-sitter is a person who ______.A. helps to do houseworkB. is a cleaning womanC. looks after children while their parents are outD. takes care of babies and cooks for the family3. Who can be a baby-sitter?A. WomenB. ManC. College studentD. All the above4. It is advised that when you are out for short periods, you may hire ______ to be baby-sitters.A. motherly womenB. retired peopleC. young peopleD. mature women5. The best title for the passage is ______.A. American FamiliesB. Baby-SittersC. A Way of Earning Money for Young StudentsD. A Best Way to Find Baby-Sitters答案：1. A。

2012年MBA MPA MPACC联考写作学员八篇范文及点评《优势需要保持》(大家看一下，这个题目是否合适?题目更像是立论文，其实只要改成“优势是否需要保持?”就好了)作者通过农民因拒绝将种子卖给邻人而造成自己收成变差的事例，得出市场竞争中应该慷慨无私地把自己公司的先进技术与人共享，通过利人的方式能达到利己的目的的结论。

我认为这个推理值得商榷。

(开头不错，符合我们的写作公式，但是，要注意的是“我认为这个推理值得商榷，”表达不妥当，“我认为”认为’是个人的主观意识，而非客观现实，所以在论证有效性分析文章中不要出现“我认为”的字样)首先，从玉米收成的例子就得出市场竞争的顾虑，这是不当类比，因为毕竟玉米收成涉及的自然环境的原因比市场竞争中面临的环境要简单得多，并不能进行相类似的比较。

(论证点抓得比较准确，但是分析得有些简单，二者的不同点应该进一步深入分析)其次，其实农民为了保全自己的优势，并不一定需要将种子卖给别人。

如果他在发现种子可能杂交之前就有提前的意识去买新的优质的玉米种子，那么他仍然可以继续抱拳自己的优势。

(分析得比较好，特别是假设论证的使用很恰当，大家注意，如果使用假设论证，一不小心，自己可能犯逻辑错误) 市场竞争中，一个公司的先进技术是取得竞争优势的一个重要因素。

若将此现金技术公布出来，必然会被竞争对手迎头赶上，进而失去这一优势。

何况先进技术是公司的一个重要资源，当为了整个市场进步的利益而需要转让出来时，根据市场的规律应该考虑采取经济手段获取经济利益而非“慷慨无私”。

(写作的时候最好将原文的缺陷先指出来，然后分析，这样阅卷者也容易看出你的思路。

第二句明显是个无主语句，语法错误应该规避)而且，我认为，一个公司想在竞争中保持优势，当发现自己的现金技术被各种位列的仿造品杂交的不成样子时，应该立即采取措施，更新技术，以确保自己技术的先进性。

这样仍然能使公司在竞争中继续保持技术优势。

(“我认为”，这样的表达，大家想想，为什么不妥?)综上所述，我认为，一个公司要保持自己陷阱技术的优势，不能被动适应市场变化，而应有提前意识，积极改进技术，这样将能使公司立于不败之地。