英语长句的翻译( briefed)

英语长句的翻译技巧英语长句是很复杂的句子，很多人觉得在翻译长句时很是吃力。

那么英语长句有哪些翻译方法媕娿?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语长句的翻译技，希望大家喜欢!英语长句的翻译技巧1.顺译法顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连，跟汉语相近的长句时，按原句的自然顺序进行翻译，并根据具体情况，适当增加或省略有关的连接词。

例如：例一：Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation.听众的眼神可以表明，演说过于拖沓，演说者在某一点上讲的太多，或者在某一点上还需要作进一步的解释。

例二：But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.但是艺术历史注意的不仅仅是这些，因为艺术反映的不单是一个民族的政治价值观,而且还有他们的宗教信仰、情感和心理特点。

PART2.倒译法有时英语长句的结构层次与汉语相反，要从英语原文的后面译起，自下而上，颠倒次序进行翻译。

一般来说，英语长句不符合汉语习惯的情况比较多，所以在翻译实践中，倒译通常要多于顺译。

例一：It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent .如果世界经济真的以5倍于现有的速度增长，那么原材料的储备是否能充分满足其需求，尚不得而知。

Chapter 13 英汉长句的翻译Translation of English Long Sentences1. 何谓长句所谓长句，主要指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的复合句，亦可指含义较多的简单句。

2、汉英长句比较英、汉两种语言在句法上存在差异,英语多为形合句,汉语多为意合句。

汉语句子多属于紧缩型,英语的句子多属于扩展型.英语修辞语位置相对灵活,前置后置,比较自如,尤其倾向于后置,十分有利于句子的扩展。

英语句子较长,且较多使用关联词和从句。

多种从句(主语、状语、定语、表语从句)并存的长句比比皆是。

因为英语结构复杂,层次变化多样,容易产生误解,所以英语长句翻译成为难点。

3、英语长句的分析在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语（主干/句）, 从整体上把握句子的结构。

(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。

(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。

(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。

(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。

例：Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。

1、Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue polities, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.正像达尔文发现有机界的规律一样，马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律，即历来被繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实：人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等活动；所以，直接的物质生活资料的生产和一个民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展程度，便构成为基础，人们的国家制度，法律的概念，艺术以至宗教概念，就是从这个基础上发展起来的，因而，也必须由这个基础来解释，而不像过去那样做得正好相反。

Unit 8Translating Skills Practice长句的翻译[Long Sentences]翻译长句时应从语法上分析全句，通过语法分析，弄清长句中各部分之间的语法关系，特别要弄清楚哪个是主句，主句中的主语、谓语和宾语是什么以及整个句子的时间先后顺寻和逻辑关系，然后按照汉语的特别和表达方式把句子译成若干短句，并安排好各短句之间的次序。

下面三种方法有助于我们译好长句。

1 顺译法：A partition runs down the centre of the heart, dividing it into left and right sections which work at the same time but deal with two different types of blood.一道隔膜穿过心脏中间，把心脏分成左右两个部分，两个部分同时活动，但却处理两种不同类型的血液。

2 逆译法：What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?对于护士、警察、理发师或是服务员来说，要使人们看不出他们的职业身份，还有什么比脱下制服更容易的方法呢？3 分译法：But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.但在许多人看来，穷人能不靠政府救济养活自己，而且生活得几乎和过去依靠政府救济时一样好，这本身就是一个巨大的胜利。

事实上，有些长句的翻译同时要用到两种或两种以上的方法，在翻译的过程中还须运用增词法、减词法和重复法等翻译技巧。

英语长句的翻译方法长句的翻译方法1．顺序翻译法（1）The problem is that the last generation or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, and should want, to do everything that by tradition men have done at the same time as prettywell everything that by tradition women have done.问题是，在过去二十年时间里，我们已经认定，妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切，而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。

（2）Exercise*Prior to the twentieth century,women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individual and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the mali-dominated culture.2. 逆序翻译法（1）It therefore becomes more and more important that, if studentsare not to waste theiropportuniti es,there will have tobe much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此，如果要使学生充分利用（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。

这个问题显得越来越重要了。

（2）Exercises*It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reason why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.*A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor because the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the later fifties.*Such a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willingto sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.*Clear-cut guidelines and politics have been worked out and expressed in accurate language concerning the economy, politics, science and technology, education, culture and military and foreign affairs.3. 分译法翻译英语句子时，有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可，但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。

简单长句及其翻译在翻译英文商务合同中的简单长句时，首先要正确理解各种相关成分的逻辑关系；然后再适当切分，理出句子的主干成分，翻译时以句子的主干为主导；最后再按汉语表达习惯，变动语序，重新组合。

这样才能连贯、准确、清晰地予以表达。

下面举三个简单长句翻译的例子来说明：1．The Buyers may，within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination，lodge a claim against the sellers for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor.这是一个简单长句，其主干为The Buyers may…lodge a claim…。

修饰谓语动词的状语有三个，a. 分别表示时间within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destinationb. 方式being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor和c. 目的for short-weight而且状语中还有状语，作定语的分词issued还有自己的状语by a reputable public surveyor。

众多状语，尽管在英语中的位置十分灵活，然而按照汉语的行文规范，方式状语一般应位于动词之前；而有些状语在译文中可以灵活处理，例如本句中的时间状语，可以提前至句首。

因此，上句可译成：货物抵达目的港15天内，买方可以凭有信誉的公共检验员出示的检验证明向卖方提出短重索赔。

2. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract，the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export port.此句的主干为…the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price…to the Seller，其中含有一个时间状语within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract。

以上我们讲述了英译汉的⼀些常⽤的基本翻译⽅法, 但是, 我们通过所举的实例可以看出, 对于每⼀个英语句⼦的翻译,并不只是使⽤⼀种翻译⽅法, ⽽是多种翻译⽅法的综合运⽤, 这在英语长句的翻译中表现得尤为突出。

长句在科技性的⽂体中的出现极为频繁,因此也就成为研究⽣⼊学考试的重点, 通过对近年来试题的分析我们可以看出, 所考查的绝⼤多数划线的部分都是长句。

在翻译长句时,⾸先，不要因为句⼦太长⽽产⽣畏惧⼼理，因为，⽆论是多么复杂的句⼦，它都是由⼀些基本的成分组成的。

其次要弄清英语原⽂的句法结构,找出整个句⼦的中⼼内容及其各层意思, 然后分析⼏层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达⽅式, 正确地译出原⽂的意思,不必拘泥于原⽂的形式。

⼀、英语长句的分析 ⼀般来说, 造成长句的原因有三⽅⾯: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语⾔结构层次多。

在分析长句时可以采⽤下⾯的⽅法: (1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句⼦的结构。

(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、⾮谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。

(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表⽰时间、原因、结果、还是表⽰条件等等)。

(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先⾏词是哪⼀个等。

(5) 注意插⼊语等其他成分。

(6) 注意分析句⼦中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。

下⾯我们结合⼀些实例来进⾏分析: 例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为⼀个从句, 因此整个句⼦为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。