商务英语复习重点

商务英语基础2期末复习资料（）Part I. Multiple choice（15小题，每小题2分，共30分）1. We always buy products with the sales performance.A. mostB. muchC. moreD. best2. I your company to send someone this morning.A. did askB. has to askC. am askedD. had asked3. Offer me a better price and we can do .A. commissionB. businessC. compromiseD. concession4. He just learned that all business letters must be signed .A. for readB. by markC. by handD. to handle5. We can make the new research an priority.A. obviousB. entireC. expensiveD. absolute6. Your salary increase was conditional on your a concession on the car.A. makingB. producingC. givingD. marking7. We trust you will do your best to have the matter ____ at once.A. settleB. settle downC. settledD. settlescredit will be offered ____ you place an order for more than 40,000 units.A. afterB. tillC. whenD. unless9. The price of our new toys is 30% _____ than ____ of similar toys of American origin.A. below…..thoseB. lower……thatC. under…..thatD. lower…..those10. Our sales brochure for this summer should be by the end of July.A. readyB. ingeniousC. excitingD. exact11. Please hold the line, and I will you the right number.A. assureB. meanC. markD. tell12. Do you have time to go all the details in the agreement before you leave?A. ontoB. intoC. downD. off13. , three months ago I could not have negotiated this deal.A. PartiallyB. ObviouslyC. EspeciallyD. Entirely14. This result my research. Can you see it?A. provesB. approvesC. valuesD. welcomes15. --- Here is the company structure of Bibury Systems.--- I see. Where does Kate fit the company structure?A. inB. withC. intoD. onto16. We employ about seven hundred full-time people. But we causal staff when we need them.A. taken inB. take onC. check inD. check out17. Sally, you have arranged for me tomorrow, it’s cancelled.A. whatB. whateverC. whicheverD. however18. These are their R& D laboratories. They have a very big budget. They five percent of their profit to that department.A. thankB. contributeC. commitD. make19. Sorry, I was delayed. Shall we get straight down business?A. ontoB. intoC. onD. to20. Could you the appointment next Monday?A. rearrange, forB. rearrange, untilC. rearrange, atD. rearrange, in21. if we talk about the technology you use in the new product?A. Do you wantB. Are you mindedC. Do you mindD. Can you allowPart II. Complete sentences.（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）【A】1. The newspaper article in last week’s Times…2. We very much appreciate your efforts…3. She has worked very hard to find a solution to…4. Those figures show…5. I have the authority…A.to make this product possibleB.to negotiate with youC.has done damage to our reputationD.what seemed an impossible problemE.our production costs must be no more than 15 percent.【B】1. We have a turnover of over fifty billion dollars…2. The company really needs the fax machine by tomorrow…3. Because we c an’t find a compromise…4. The presentation was very good, …5. I think the discount is higher than anything…A.I am afraid we can go no further.B.or it will have to look elsewhere.C.but I got nothing out of it.D.we’ve ever given before.E.and there are two hundred and sixteen thousand employees worldwide.【C】1. The engineer recommended…2. I have a small token of our gratitude…3. The two parts reached no solution on the final item…4. The researcher has to start looking for a company…5. We need to consider a couple of options…A.that values his new ideas.B.which is the Mark 2 project.C.which I would like you to have.D.that the process can be made simpler.E.when we look at this question.【D】1. I am pleased…2. The new executive has done well to make the w holesaler agree…3. I just received a proposal…4. The seller was trying to sign a substantial order…5. A provisional agreement is one…A.that is made with certain conditions.B.that you have finalized the delivery dates.C.that could benefit both of us.D.then he could get a large discount.E.to be more flexible over terms of payment.Part III Reading Comprehension. （10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Directions: There are 2 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are three choices marked A), B), and C)，You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem , on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through the StockExchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to the Stock Exchange.There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.1. Almost all companies involved in new production and development must .a.rely on their own financial resourcesb.persuade the banks to provide long-term financec.depend on the population as a whole for finance2. The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is .a.repaid to its original owners as soon as possibleb.raised by the selling of shares in the companiesc.exchanged for part ownership in the Stock Exchange3. When the savers want their money back they .a.ask another company to obtain their money for themb.look for other people to borrow money fromc.put their shares in the company back on the market4. All the essential services on which we depend are .a.run by the Government or our local authoritiesb.financed wholly by the rates and taxesc.in constant need of financial support5. The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the Government, local authorities and nationalized industries .a.to borrow as much as they wishb.to make certain everybody saves moneyc.to raise money to finance new developmentsPassage 2Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:The digital revolution, as exemplified by the Internet and electronic commerce, has shaken marketing practices to their core. In a recent paper, Wharton’s Jerry Wind, director of the SEI Center for Advanced Studies in Management, and co-author Vijay Mahajan, a marketing professor at the College of Business Administration of the University of Texas at Austin, examine the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricing, when customers can propose their own prices , or buyers and sellers can haggle independently in auctions .The paper provides an overview of some of the emerging realities and new rules of marketing in a digital world, and outlines what the new discipline of marketing may look like in the early part of the new century.To begin with, say the authors, the rapid-fire growth of the Internet is helping to drive changes. “It is not just our computers that are being reprogrammed; it is customers themselves,” says Wind. “These emerging cyber consumers are like an alien race that has landed in the midst of our markets. They have different expectations and different relationships with companies fromwhich they purchase products and services.”For one thing, cyber consumers expect to be able to customize everything — from the products and services they buy and the information they seek, to the price they are willing to pay. And with digital technology opening new channels for gaining information, they are more knowledgeable and demanding than previous consumers.Digital customers can also sort products based on any desired attribute, price, nutritional value, or functionality, and they can easily obtain third-party endorsements and evaluations, tapping the experience of other users. “Companies that cannot meet their demands and expectations will be at a loss,” says Wind.1. The passage was most likely to be quoted from______.A. an introduction to a bookB. a book on digital revolutionC. a paper discussing digital revolution2. The paper mentioned in this paper was written by______.A. Jerry WindB. Vijay MahajanC. Jerry Wind and Vijay Mahajan3. From the third paragraph, we can infer that______.A. the customers are also reprogrammed by computersB. e-business companies need be more knowledgeable about cyber consumersC. cyber consumers are a group of strange people4. Compared with traditional customers, the emerging cyber consumers______.A. are more difficult to satisfyB. have less knowledge about businessC. have more problems with prices5. What is mainly discussed in the passage? ______A. the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricingB. digital revolutionC. digital marketingPassage 3Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Greece, economically, is in the black. With very little to export other than such farm productsas tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from ‘invisible earnings’ to pay for its needed, growing imports. From the sending out of things the Greeks, earn only $285 million; from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad, the country takes in an additional #375 million and this washes out the almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.It has a balanced budget. Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense, the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus -- $66 million. Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange. It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties to obtain parliamentary majorities.In thus summarizing a few happy highlights, I don’t mean to minimize the vast extent of Greece’s problems. It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe, and poverty is widespread. At best an annual income of $60 to $70 is the lot of many a peasant, and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside, cities, and towns of Greece. There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base. Some years ago I wrote here: “Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece. So far, most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek government’s red tape and shrewdness about small points.”Great strides have been made. As far back as 1956, expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece. At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people, who had been examining hotel possibilities, and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.Today most of the incredibly varied, beautiful, historical sights of Greece have new, if in many cases modest, tourist facilities. Tourism itself has jumped from approximately $31 million to over $90 million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized, greatly expanded Grande Bretagne, as well as other first-rate new hotels. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome – without the sky-high prices oftraffic-choked streets of either.1. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passageis_________.A. Greek income and expendituresB. The improving economic situation in GreeceC. The value of tourism2. Many peasants earn less than _________.A. $60 a weekB. $2 a weekC. $1 a day3. The Greek Government spends __________.A. more than 25%of its budget on military termsB. More than its collectsC. A third of a billion dollars in gold4. According to the passage, Greece has _________.A. a dictatorshipB. a monarchyC. a single majority party5. Greece imports annually goods and materials __________.A. totaling almost $700 millionB. that balance exportsC. that are paid by touristsPart IV Translate the following sentences into English.（每小题2分，共20分）1. 我们现在有一个新的质量保证体系。

商务英语要学什么-学什么课程-注意事项〔商务英语〕主要学习基本的商务词汇、英语表达，商务英语是清楚、具体、正式、礼貌的，这与一般的英语表达方式有很大的不同。

因此，在学习的过程中，大家也应该学习不同的英语方法来丰富自身的商务英语。

1.掌握基本的商务词汇学商务英语，应该从最基本的词汇开始，因为商务英语词汇是专业的，不管是汉英翻译还是英汉翻译，专有名词都有固定的翻译，不是你随便造一个短语或一个相似意思的句子就可以了。

2.学习商务英语表达例如，我们可以说“To confirm STH〞或“In Confirmation of STH〞来与客户确认某事。

虽然表达的方式有所不同，但意思相同，符合商务英语的规范。

商务英语是清楚、具体、正式、礼貌的，这与一般的英语表达方式有很大的不同。

因此，在学习的过程中，大家也应该学习不同的英语方法来丰富自身的商务英语。

2 商务英语学什么课程1.商务英语开设的主要专业课程有：商务英语学习概论、英语语音、英语语法、英语听力、口语、基础英语、英语写作、商务英语交际、商务英语听力、商务〔英语口语〕、商务英语阅读、跨文化交际、高级商务英语读写、商务概论、经济学、〔管理〕学、金融学、市场营销。

2.商务英语是在熟练掌握英语的基础上，再强调商务。

除了英语听、说、读、写、译、文学、政治、社会文化等方面要求同学掌握并通过国家英语专业四、八级考试外，还涉及商务知识、商务技能、管理、贸易、法律、〔会计〕等商务活动。

3 学习商务英语的注意事项1.复习特定术语，商务英语中有一定的特定术语和商务词汇，在准备商务英语考试的时候，我们应该学习相关的术语和词汇。

在日常工作中，在学习商务英语时，要注意不同行业中不同专业术语的差异，并对相关行业的专业术语进行整理。

2.注意商务场景，学习商务英语有不同的动机和必须求。

商务英语一般用于与老板交谈、开会、交货等场合，所以我们要进行各种商务场景进行商务英语的实战演练。

美式论文、报告写作技巧编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。

研究生presentation 及seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。

如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。

美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。

反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。

通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下：(一) 篇首：封面(Title)序言(Preface)谢词(Acknowledge)提要(Summary)目录(Tables and Appendixes)(二) 本文：引言(Introduction)主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释(Footnotes)(三)参考资料：参考书目(References or Bibliography)附录资料(Appendix)。

进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。

题目可以提供研究者：一.研究的方向二.研究的范围三.资料搜集的范围四.预期研究成果通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。

构思为确定写作大纲或Proposal 的先前步骤，大纲是论文、报告的骨干，Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。

综合商务英语第四册笔记一、学习这门课的初体验。

这综合商务英语第四册刚拿到手的时候，我都懵了。

那一个个商务术语，感觉就像外星语一样。

但是没办法呀，谁让咱选了这个课呢。

每次翻开书，都像是要去闯一个神秘的迷宫。

这时候笔记就变得超级重要啦，就像在迷宫里的小地图一样。

二、笔记里的重点内容。

1. 商务词汇。

那些词汇可难记了。

比如说“negotiable instrument（可转让票据）”，这个词我当初背了好久。

我就在笔记上把它拆分开来记，“negotiable”（可协商的、可转让的）单独记一下意思，“instrument”（工具、票据）也记好，然后再组合起来理解。

还有“liquidity（流动性）”这个词，我就在旁边画了个小水滴，提醒自己它有点像水一样流动的感觉。

2. 商务信函格式。

这也是笔记里的大头。

从信头（letterhead）到称呼（salutation），再到正文（body）、结束语（complimentary close）和签名（signature），每个部分都有讲究。

我在笔记里画了好多小框框，把每个部分该写什么内容都写得清清楚楚。

像信头一般就是公司的名字、地址啥的，我还专门找了几个大公司的信头范例抄在旁边，这样就更直观啦。

3. 商务谈判用语。

这可有趣了。

比如说在谈判中表达让步的时候，可以说“We are willing to make some concessions.”（我们愿意做出一些让步）。

我就在笔记上把这种句子抄下来，然后还在旁边写了一些类似的表达，像“give in a little”（稍微让步）之类的。

还有在表达坚持自己的立场时，“We stick to our position.”（我们坚持我们的立场），我就把它和让步的句子对比着记，这样在谈判场景里就知道啥时候该用啥啦。

三、笔记的整理方法。

1. 按章节整理。

我是按照书上的章节来整理笔记的。

每学完一章，就把这一章的重点内容都集中在一起。

一、客观部分：（单项选择、多项选择、不定项选择、判断）（一）、选择部分1.In general, the major benefits of B2B are( ABCD ).A. reduce administrative costsB. expedite cycle timeC. lower search costs and time forbuyers D. decrease productivity of employees E. reduce inventory levels★考核知识点: 企业间的电子商务，参见P148附1.1.1（考核知识点解释）：总的来说，B2B的主要优点有：取代了纸质单据，节约管理成本；减低搜索成本，节约买主的时间；提高雇员处理采购和销售的效率；减少失误，提高服务质量；降低库存水平和库存成本；增加生产弹性，实现即时送货；方便大宗定制；增加合作的机会。

2.In order to keep competitive in EC, logistics industry has begun to employ the（ABD ）structureA. openingB. systematicalC. conservativeD. technicalE. close★考核知识点: 电子商务中的物流，参见P174附1.1.2（考核知识点解释）：为了保持在电子商务中的竞争力，物流业已经开始使用开放的、系统化的技术结构，为企业营造连贯的物流过程，从而实现整个供应链的无缝多点集成。

3.Brokerage models include（ABD ）A. marketplace exchangeB. content-targeted advertisingC. buy/sell fulfillmentD. bounty brokerE. information exchange★考核知识点: 网上商务模式，参见P73附1.1.3（考核知识点解释）：中介模式包括：市场交易、买卖活动、需求收集系统、拍卖中介、交易中介、奖励金中介、分销商、搜索代理、网上商场。

商务英语复习题及答案一、选择题1. What does "B2B" stand for in the context of business?A. Business to BusinessB. Business to ConsumerC. Business to GovernmentD. Business to Industry答案：A2. Which of the following is NOT a common payment term in international trade?A. FOB (Free On Board)B. CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)C. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)D. COD (Cash on Delivery)答案：D3. In a business negotiation, what does "NR" mean?A. Not ReceivedB. Not ReadyC. Not RespondedD. Non-Renewable答案：C二、填空题4. When addressing a formal business letter, it is appropriate to use the title "_______" before the person's name.答案：Dear Sir/Madam5. The abbreviation "ETA" in logistics stands for "_______". 答案：Estimated Time of Arrival6. In a business proposal, the section that outlines the benefits of the proposed solution is called "_______".答案：Benefits三、阅读理解Read the following passage and answer the questions:In today's globalized economy, companies are increasingly looking for ways to expand their markets and reach new customers. One effective strategy is to engage in cross-border e-commerce, which allows businesses to sell their products and services online to customers in different countries. This approach not only opens up new revenue streams but also helps to build brand awareness on a global scale.7. What is the main advantage of cross-border e-commerce mentioned in the passage?答案：It allows businesses to sell their products and services online to customers in different countries.8. What is another benefit of engaging in cross-border e-commerce?答案：It helps to build brand awareness on a global scale.四、翻译题9. 将下列句子从英文翻译成中文："The company is seeking to diversify its product line to appeal to a broader customer base."答案：该公司正寻求多样化其产品线，以吸引更广泛的客户群。

BEC(剑桥商务英语)中级备考经验为了让大家更好的准备商务英语BEC考试，给大家整理BEC 中级备考干货,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

1.BEC高级心得今晚查的高级成绩，本来准考证号上写的19号才能查，但其实高级成绩15年12月12号就已经可以查了!【坑啊等了好久的说=。

= 大家记得保留好自己的准考证，以及BEC差成绩的网站：https:///Members/Login.aspx 【个人基本情况】大三在读，旅游管理专业女生;四级611，六级579;复习时间：一个半月，直接考的高级;总分：73，Grade C。

四个部分得分如下：下面我就口语-阅读-听力-写作的顺序谈谈我对这四部分的感受，末尾附上所买资料：【口语Speaking】·找搭档：我在考试前一个半月报的名，然后发了个征集高级口语搭档的朋友圈，和一位外国语学院的妹子一拍即合。

但是我们平时基本零交流，直到考试之前两天才正式见了面，大概交流了一下对口语题目的感受，星期六就直接上考场了。

个人觉得搭档不会对成绩起到决定性的作用，不过有搭档比没搭档更保险，尤其是平时比较少开口讲英语的小伙伴来说。

·临场练习：正式口语考试之间中间有吃饭+排队时间，大概为2个半小时，我们练了3个话题左右，采用的是互相问答的形式。

事实证明临阵磨枪还是有一定效果的，她之前考过中级，有一定的经验，比如坐下来的时候搭档之间可以互相打招呼不用太死板，还有给自己想好英文名，考官会在开场的时候问到等等。

·排队候考：有一点值得注意的是，经过上午3个多小时的考试，再加上中午没午休，下午在排队等口试的时候人已经很疲乏了，大家可以趁机趴在桌子上休息一会儿，或者直接跟老师申请快点考(我们那里是可以的)，以最饱满的精神完成最后的口语。

我们在门外候场的时候，前面两个考生从里面出来，说考官问到有关环境保护的问题，结果我们进去的时候也考到了!考官的问题是打印在一张纸上面的，所以后面重复的可能性也很大，不妨问问考完的考生问的是什么问题，适当准备一下。

Passage 1实施本土化对跨国公司来讲是一项十分重要、并且是一箭双雕的战略决策。

它不但能有效降低向东道国派遣高级管理人员的成本，与此同时，还能充分利用东道国相对低廉的人力资源。

从长远来看，把当地优秀的经理人员提拔到决策者的位子上来是十分明智的选择，因为他们比较熟悉本国的法律法规，了解本国的市场行情，决无文化方面的障碍，并能有效地与当地各部门进行沟通。

简而言之，他们更熟悉本国政府制定的游戏规则。

但要吸引并留住这些优秀人才，跨国公司必须做一件实实在在的事情：即给他们提供自身发展和事业进步的机遇。

Implementing localization is a very important strategic decision to multinationals which can kill two birds with one stone. It can not only reduce the cost of dispatching senior managers to host country, but also take advantage of relative cheap labor power in the host country. In the long term, it’s a wise choice to promote local excellent managers to decision-makers, because they are more familiar with local laws and regulations and market situation, and they have no obstacles in terms of culture so they can efficiently communicate with local departments. In one word, they are more familiar with rules established by local government. However, in order to attract and keep excellent personnel, multinationals must do something substantial, that is, offer them some opportunities to improve themselves and make progress in their own career.Passage 2中国经济体系中，某些产业的发展非常迅速。

increased chance for success. An existing business will have established working relationships with lenders, suppliers, and the community. The track record of an existing business gives potential buyers a much clearer picture of what to expect thanhelp, the benefits of the selling corporation's expertise and experience, and reduced chances of failure. The disadvantages of franchising include significant startup costsentrepreneurs have created and expanded new businesses faster and easier than evermarket demand for products or services being provided; managerial competence; andand tax benefits. A sole proprietor is free to operate his or her business as he or she desires. There are few legal requirements for startup, and low startup costs. Losses from a sole proprietorship can offset income from personal sources, providing taxof continuity, and limited financing options. A sole proprietor is totally responsible for all of the debts of the business and may have to give up personal assets to repay those debts. A sole proprietorship lacks continuity because the business dissolves with the death of the owner. Finally, sole proprietors have a limited ability to secureof new talent and money, ease of organization, and independent legal status. Disadvantages are unlimited liability, potential lack of continuity, difficulty ofis limited to personal investment (through stock ownership) in the corporation. In the event of failure, the courts may seize and sell a corporation's assets but cannot touchdirectly to a corporation's shareholders. A corporation can be taken over against themanagers in corporate decision making and accountability. This governance is established by a firm's bylaws and usually involves stockholders, the board ofoperations to another corporation, for example to focus more specifically on its corespin-off. A spin-off may also mean that a firm deems a business unit more valuable asresources, bank loans, venture capital firms, or SBICs. The most important source of financing for a small business is the owner's personal resources. Bank loans are a second source of financing. Venture capital firms invest money in a business in return for stock. These firms are groups of small investors seeking to make profits on companies with rapid growth potential. Small Business Investment Companies (SBICs) take a more balanced approach in their choices than do venture capital firms. SBICs are federally licensed to borrow money from the SBA to invest in or lend to small businesses.sole proprietorship multiplied by the number of partner-owners. There is no legal limit to the number of parties who may form a general partnership. Partners may invest equal or unequal sums of money and may earn profits that bear no relation tomoney. Among the disadvantages are transferring ownership such as through a tenderThe board of directors is a group of people elected by stockholders to oversee the management of the corporation. Corporate officers are top managers hired by theEntrepreneurship is the process of seeking business opportunities under conditions of risk. Some entrepreneurs have a goal of independence and financial security, whereas others want to launch a new venture that can be grown into a large business. Most successful entrepreneurs are resourceful and concerned for customer relations. They have a strong desire to be their own bosses and can handle ambiguity and surprises. Today's entrepreneur is often an open-minded leader who relies on networks, business plans, and consensus and is just as likely to be female as male. Finally, although successful entrepreneurs understand the role of risk, they do not necessarily regardwhich the entrepreneur summarizes business strategy for the new venture and shows how it will be implemented. Entrepreneurs must also decide whether to buy an existing business, operate a franchise, or start from scratch. Further, common funding source include personal funds, family and friends, savings, lenders, investors, and government agencies. Venture capital companies are groups of small investors seeking to make a profit on companies with rapid growth potential. Most of these firms do not lend money but rather invest it, supplying capital in return for partial ownership. Lending institutions are more likely to finance an existing business than aAnswer: The sole proprietor is owned and usually operated by one person. There are tax benefits for new businesses that are likely to suffer losses in early stages. One drawback is unlimited liability. Another disadvantage is lack of continuity. Finally, a sole proprietorship depends on the resources of a single individual. The general partnership is a sole proprietorship multiplied by the number of partner-owners. The biggest advantage is its ability to grow by adding new talent and money. A partnership is not a legal entity. It is just two or more people working together. Partners are taxed as individuals, and unlimited liability is a drawback. Partnerships may lack continuity, and transferring ownership may be hard. No partner may sell outits owners. They may sue and be sued; buy, hold, and sell property; make and sell products; and be tried and punished for crimes. An advantage of incorporation is limited liability: Investor liability is limited to personal investments in the firm. Another advantage is continuity. Corporations also have advantages in raising money. By selling stock, they expand the number of investors and available funds. One disadvantage is that a corporation can be taken over against the managers' will. Also, start-up costs are high. Corporations are regulated and must meet legal requirements in the states in which they are chartered. A drawback to incorporation is double taxation. Different kinds of corporations help businesses take advantage ofstockholders and the real owners. Profits are distributed among stockholders in the form of dividends, and managers serve at their discretion. The governing body of a corporation is its board of directors. Most board members do not participate inday-to-day management but rather hire a team of managers. This team, called officers, is usually headed by a chief executive officer, or CEO, who is responsible for overallvalued. However, in some Asian countries, the entrepreneurial spirit is often tempered by the need for consensus.。

商务英语写作复习资料习题商务英语写作复习资料Ⅰ. Choose the Best Answer.1. We ______ be glad if you could send us samples and quotations. A. shall C. should A. acceptanceB. will D. could B. accepted2. If you find our price ______, please send us an email for our final confirmation. C. accepting D. acceptable3. By joint efforts we can _____ both friendship and business. A. increase B. promote C. expand D. extend4. The sugar was dispatched two weeks ago and __________ you by now.A. should have reachedB. should reachC. have reachedD. reach5. We wish to establish direct business relations __________ you. A. for B. with C. from D. to6. Please send us your ___________catalogue together with samples you can let us have.A. illustrateB. illustratedC. illustratingD. illustration7. We shall appreciate it if you will see to it that amendment is cabled _________ delay.A. inB. out ofC. withinD. without 8. We are unable to _______ with your request in your letter of Jan. 31, 2002. A. compose B. confirm C. conform D. comply9. We offer these goods subject ___________their being unsold on receipt of your order.A. inB. withC. onD. to10. _________, we are interested in building business trade relations throughout the world.A. As your requestB. For your confirmationC. You informedD. For your information11. _______ you can reduce your quotations, we shall have to buy elsewhere. A. Before C. Seeing thatB. After D. Unless12. We are not in a position to supply you, as the goods are _______.A. without stock C. out of stock A. in a good condition C. in good condition A. upon receipt of C. receive A. marketB. outside in stock D. no stockB. in good conditions D. in the good condition B. in receipt of D. to receive B. order13. The goods under Contract NO. 3617 left here _______.14. We are ______ your letter of January 8 and will duly act on your instruction.15. Our best quality products will find a ready ______ in your area.C. customerD. consignment 16. Could you make us a firm offer_____________ shoes? A. of B. for C. off D. at17. We _____ you for the special offer you send us. A. thank B. appreciateC. be gratefulD. thankful18. We are looking forward to _____ your L/C for Order No 123. A. receiveB. receivingC. be receivedD. be receiving19.As it involves only a small _____， we hope you will have no difficulty on promotion.A. qualityB. figureC. quantityD. number20. The stipulations in the relevant L/C should strictly __________ the terms set force in our Sales Confirmation. A. in conformity with C. conform toB. in accordance with D. conform with21. We will forward all the necessary information of the item mentioned above ____ receipt of your specific inquiry. A. at B. of C. upon D. for 22. We offer these goods subject ___________their being unsold on receipt of your order.A. inB. withC. onD. to23 Will you please send us your catalogue together ______ a detailed offer? A with B to C of D for24 We are well acquainted ________ the market conditions in Southeast Asia. A. of B. with C. for D. in25. When submitting our quotation, we suggested that the relevant L/C ___________as early as possible. A. be established B. establishes C. is established D. would be established26. As you failed to make delivery in time, we have no choice ___________ our order with you.A. but to cancelB. but cancelC. but cancelingD. but cancelled 27. We shall appreciate ___________ us CIF Melbourne. A you quote B. you to quote C. you quoting D. to you quoting 28. We have been happy to ___________ your credit based on your promise to pay according to our terms. A. expand B. prolong C. extendD. lengthen29. The stipulations in the relevant L/C should strictly __________ the terms set force in our Sales Confirmation. A. in conformity with C. conform toB. in accordance with D. conform withⅡ.In Each Blank Space Write out the Word with the First Letter Given.1.Please make out your Sales Contract in t______.2. Since we s__________ in the export of cotton and rayon goods, we wish to express our desire to trade with you in this line.3. Our urgent need of the goods requires prompt s______, for any delay in it would cause us inconvenience.4. If you do not have any of the listed in stock, please do not send s__________ in their place.5. Owing to heavy c_________, many orders haven’t been made, we can only accept orders for October shipment.6. If the first order proves satisfactory, we will place with you many r_______ orders.7. We look f_______ to your further orders.8. Thanks to your c_________, we succeeded in putting the deal through.9. We think that the quality of other products does not m_________ up to that of ours.10. I’m ready to place an o______ with you，but only one condition is that the goods are confined to us.11. We are in the market for bed-sheets and would like you to q ______ us on the CFR Paris basis including sizes, colors and patterns.12. Will you please send us s_____ of the best printing papers you can offer of the following kinds答案1. triplicate2. specialize3. shipment4. substitutes5. commitments6. repeat7.forward8.cooperation9.measure 10. order 11.quote 12. samplesⅢ. Translate the Following Sentences into Chinese.1. We very much hope that you will be able to attend our wedding ceremony and look forward to meeting you on 22 November.2. Customers will be provided with the best service owing to our long experience in the catering business.3. On behalf of every staff in the company, I would like to sincerely congratulate you on your recent appointment to General Manager of the Nottingham Bureau.4. We have great interest in importing your Ivory camera displayed at Guangzhou Trade Fair.5. Under the circumstances, all we can do concerning your request is to suggest you change to one of our European tours.6. Although the ABC Company has reserved the clubhouse for Saturday, we can instead offer you our conference room, which seats 60.7. The recommendation is based on the research I’ve done in the past three years, and I believe it will work well.8. We are interested in importing motorcycles and would be grateful if you would send us a copy of your latest catalogue, your price list, and export term. 9. As our market is now somewhat slow and prices are generally low, you can very fortunate in making purchase at this time.10. For your information, the market is strong with an upward tendency. We recommend your immediate acceptance.答案：1. 我们非常希望你能参加我们的结婚典礼，希望能在11月22日那天见到你。