广东省佛山市南海区2022届高一学业水平考试
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佛山市南海区2023-2024学年高一上学期期中学业水平测试语文试卷本试卷共8页,23小题,满分150分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液,不按以上要求作答无效。
4.号生必须保持答题卡的整清。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成小题。
材料一:若我们分析一个农村社会组织,在一般人民,文字的用处是很有限的。
在天天见面的团体中,知识的传递,言语自然比文字为简便而切实。
人口流动率低,因地域上的膈膜而利用文字来传递消息的需要当然亦少,所以信札在农村是不常见的。
社会不在激变之中,在时间上所发生需要记忆的事非但少而且需要记着的时间亦短,需借文字帮忙之处因之不多。
若是“文盲”比“不文盲”的人在生活上并不吃亏时,当然不愿费本钱来“治盲”了。
我并不是说在乡村中文字没有用处,只是普通人民用着文字的地方很少。
一乡的领袖则需要较深的文字知识,因为他是一乡的顾问,有重要的信札须由他代笔。
以前的私塾制度是在这种社会需要之下发生的。
那些贵族性质的“西席”式私塾是专门造就成一乡的领袖,所以在学的时期较长,那平民性质的“开门聚徒”式私塾,年限随学生自己决定,平时若工作忙碌尽可随意不去上学,识几个字就算了。
到民国二年私塾被学校代替了,在这个时期,教育制度并没有标准化,小学教员可以独出心裁来决定教材。
江村的小学就由一位做过“西席”又受过“师范”训练的乡绅主持。
他和我追述他当时的教材说:“我觉得一个小学毕业生一定得会应付社会上普通文字的需要,至少要会打算盘,会写红白份子,会记账,会写条子。
南海区2022届高一学业水平测试高一数学参考答案一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案AAABDBCDBC二、多项选择题(本大题共2小题,每小题5分,共10分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求,全部选对的得5分,选对但不全得3分,有选错的得0分)11.AB 12. BC三、填空题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.第16题第1小问2分,第2小问3分) 13. (14], 14. 32215. )1(3x x - 16. 1,)2,1( 四、解答题(本题共6小题,第17题10分,第18--22题每题12分,共70分) 17. (1)由题意得,}31|{}8221|{<≤-=<≤=x x x B x ………………………………………3分又因为}23|{<<-=x x A ,所以}21|{<≤-=x x B A I ………………………………………5分(2)因为B C B =I ,所以B C ⊆. …………………………………………………………………6分因为{}|13B x x =-≤<,{}|215C x a x a =-<≤+, 所以21153a a -<-⎧⎨+≤⎩,……………………………………………………………………………………………8分解得20a -≤<,故a 的取值范围为[2,0)-.………………………………………………………10分18. 解:(1)因为sin 2cos 5αα+=,所以sin 52cos αα=,代入22sin cos 1αα+=可得25cos 45cos 40αα-+=,……………………………………2分所以)220α-=,故cos α=,sin α=,……………………………………4分所以1tan 2α=.…………………………………………………………………………………6分(2))cos()2sin()2sin()sin(2απαπαπαπ++--+-ααααcos sin cos sin 2--+=………………………………………………………………………………10分1tan 1tan2--+=αα (11)分1211212--+⨯=34-=.……………………………………………………………………………12分 19.(1)222223)(2)(a ax x a x x x f +-=-+=的定义域为R ……………………………………1分当1a =时,222()3232 1.f x x ax a x x =-+=-+…………………………………………2分22()3()2()132 1.f x x x x x -=---+=++ (3)分所以)()(x f x f -≠-且)()(x f x f ≠-…………………………………………5分所以当1a =时,)(x f 既不是奇函数,也不是偶函数.…………………………………………6分(2)22()32f x x ax a =-+,对称轴为3ax =………………………………………………………7分① 当132a ≤,即32a ≤时,2max ()(1)239f x f a a ==-+=,解得1a =1a =…………………………………………………………9分② 当132a >,即32a >时,2max ()(0)9f x f a ===,解得3a =或3a =-(舍去) …11分综上:1a =3a =.……………………12分20 .解:(1)若选择函数模型0.5v Q a =+,则该函数在[0,3]v ∈上为单调减函数, 这与试验数据相矛盾,所以不选择该函数模型.若选择函数模型log a Q k v b =+,须0v >,这与试验数据在0v =时有意义矛盾, 所以不选择该函数模型.从而只能选择函数模型32Q av bv cv=++,由试验数据得,………………………………………3分0.7,842 1.6,2793 3.3,a b c a b c a b c ++=⎧⎪++=⎨⎪++=⎩,即0.7,420.8,93 1.1,a b c a b c a b c ++=⎧⎪++=⎨⎪++=⎩,解得0.1,0.2,0.8,a b c =⎧⎪=-⎨⎪=⎩…………………………………6分故所求函数解析式为:320.10.20.8(03)Q v v v v =-+≤≤.……………………………………7分(2)设超级快艇在AB 段的航行费用为y则所需时间为3v(小时),其中03v <≤结合(1()3230.10.20.8y v v v v=-+(0.31v ⎡=-⎣………9分 所以当min 2.1y =…11分答:当该超级快艇以1百公里/小时航行时可使AB 段的航行费用最少,且最少航行费用为2.1万元.……………………………………………………………………………………………………12分 21. 解:(1)(2)函数()f x 在定义域内为增函数,证明:设120x x <<,则120x x -<,1201x x <<,因为12211222212212()()log 21(log 21)log log 22f x f x x x x x x x x x -=+--+-=-+-12122122122log log 2()log 2()x x x x x x x x =-+-=+-111221222201log 0log 2()0x x x x x x x x <<∴<∴+-<Q ,即12()()0f x f x -<所以函数()f x 在定义域内为增函数. ……………………………………………………………………………………8分(3)()y f x =Q 是图象是一条连续不断的曲线,…………………………………9分且(0.6)(0.75)0f f <g …………………………………10分当3n =时0.71250.731250.018750.01-=>,所以当3n =时方程()0f x =的根的近似值达不到精确度为0.01当4n =时0.7218750.731250.0093750.01-=<,所以当4n =时方程()0f x =的根的近似值达到精确度为0.01,所以4n =…………………………………11分 方程()0f x =的根的近似值为0.7265625.…………………………………12分22 . 本题为开放性题,答案不唯一,只需写出符合条件的函数即可,提供以下5个函数仅供参考,写出函数)(x f 给4分,作图2分,证明)(x f 满足结论③及④每个3分.(1)a x x x f ++-=||)(2)0(>a (2) a x x x f +-=||)(2)0(<a (3)|)|(|log |)(2a x x f += )10(<<a (4)a x x f x ++-=||22)(|| )1(>a(5)241()124x x f x x x +⎧⎪-+⎪=⎨+⎪⎪-+⎩10x x x ≤-<<≥,,,,下面以函数||)(2++-=x x x f 证明:1||)(2++-=x x x f 因为对定义域的每一个x1||)()(2x x x f =+-+--=- 所以函数1||)(2++-=x x x f 是偶函数,……………………………………………………………9分 又因为当0≥x 时,1)(2++-=x x x f解⎩⎨⎧≥=++-0012x x x 得251+=x所以当0≥x 时,函数1||)(2++-=x x x f 只有一个零点, 又因为函数1||)(2++-=x x x f 是偶函数,所以函数)(x f 恰有2个零点.………………………………………………………………………12分。
广东省佛山市南海区2023-2024学年高一上学期学业水平测试英语试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、阅读选择Every time Oksana Chusovitina competes in a gymnastics event, she catches the audience’s attention. The Hangzhou Asian Games proved no exception. When the 48-year-old Uzbek gymnast took part in the event on Monday, thousands of audiences cheered for “Qiu Ma”, which translates to “Mother Chusovitina”.“I’m touched by Chusovitina’s story. She tried to save her son and just never gave up. She is beautiful both as an athlete and as a mother,” said Zhang Anqi, a Hangzhou local who attended the event.After completing her competition, Chusovitina blew a kiss to the audience and formed a “heart” shape with her hands. “It is the love and support of the people that keep me going and give me the strength to achieve more,” Chusovitina said. “I am not very satisfied with my performance tonight. Actually, I was a little over-excited. I will increase the difficulty in the final,” she added.Chusovitina has a storied history at the Asian Games, having won eight medals, including two golds in 2002. Her Olympic journey began in 1992, representing the former Soviet Union. She later stood for Uzbekistan. When Chusovitina’s son got a serious illness in 2002, she chose to take German citizenship (国籍) to compete at global events for a higher income and better medical treatment. She took her Uzbek citizenship in 2013 again.Her heartfelt feeling, “I dare not grow old until you are well,” has moved many. After her son’s recovery, Chusovitina continued her gymnastics journey simply out of love for the sport. Though she announced her retirement after the Tokyo Olympics in 2021, she decided to return shortly after. “The biggest power is my desire. I want to perform. I love gymnastics, and it brings me great joy. I’m just doing what I love, so why should I stop?” Chusovitina said.1.What made Chusovitina a beautiful mother?A.Her attractive personality.B.Her determination to save her son.C.Her being a good example to her son.D.Her ability to balance work and family.2.What is the main reason for her return after her retirement?A.Her love for gymnastics.B.Her strong desire to win.C.Her joy of her son’s recovery.D.Her eagerness for higher income.3.What is the best title for the text?A.Deep Love for GymnasticsB.A Great Athlete and MotherC.Chusovitina’s Return to GymnasticsD.A Touching Story of Mother and SonMany youngsters in China enjoy gathering a couple of good friends and taking a relaxing walk through the streets, which is a popular form of visiting a new city, that is, Citywalk. They can follow a special urban route (路线), exploring old building, drinking a cup of coffee, or eating local snacks. It can be a special guided trip for a small group of people, or simply a relaxing walk for one or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous tourist attractions and big crowds to get a more interesting experience of the places you visit.In China, the Citywalk trend (趋势) is spreading from big cities like Beijing and Shanghai to other cities, encouraging more people to take part. Xiao Yiyi is a young visitor from Changsha exploring new possibilities while traveling. Recently she tried six Citywalk routes to walk in different cities and posted them on her social media account, with the aim of sharing experiences to “walk in open-air museums”.Citywalk not only offers a way for young people to interact with a city but also provides an opportunity for people who share the same interests and ideas to easily make friends. Xiao Yiyi said her group usually includes a few or so people and her trips last around half a day.Even though Citywalk is a new trend, industry insiders say that its future possibility is huge. It is offering a beneficial change to travelers as they can better choose the experiences that suit their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk gives an opportunity for tour guides and travel service providers to offer a more professional service to meet ever-changing market needs.4.What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us about Citywalk?A.What it is.B.Why it is popular.C.Who take part in it.D.What routes are popular.5.Which is one of the advantages of Citywalk?A.It offers many routes to choose from.B.It enables travelers to socialize with others.C.It attracts people to famous tourist attractions.D.It allows people to spend more time on travel.6.What is the purpose of the text?A.To introduce a new travel trend.B.To encourage readers to organize a trip.C.To point out the importance of Citywalk.D.To explain why Citywalk becomes popular.With video meetings, taking selfies (自拍) and posting on social media, it’s easier to see one’s own image online. And for some people, this can lead to feelings of appearance dissatisfaction. In the past few years, screen time has increased for both adults and children. What’s worse, recent research suggests that the video and photo images we see of ourselves are distorted (扭曲的).One study found that those who spent more time comparing their appearance during a video call experienced lower appearance satisfaction. This study also found that people who used more photo-editing features in video chat were more likely to compare themselves with others and spend more time looking at themselves on video calls.A 2023 study found that discomfort with one’s appearance during video meetings led to an increased attention to appearance, which in turn led to poor work performance. Researchers also suggest that appearance dissatisfaction is connected with boredom in online meetings. The research reports that this could be due to negative attention to oneself and worry about being looked at or being negatively treated based on appearance.If you find yourself criticizing (批评) your appearance every time in a video call, it may be time to be intentional about paying more attention to what other people are saying instead of looking at your own face.When it comes to helping others who have difficulty with appearance dissatisfaction, itis important to care more about the person’s qualities beyond appearance. When viewing yourself or your partners on video and social media, try viewing the person as a whole and not as parts of a body.Reducing screen time can make a difference as well. Research shows that reducing social media use by 50% can improve appearance satisfaction in both teens and adults. When used in a right way, video chatting and social media are tools to connect us with others, which finally is a key piece in satisfaction and well-being.7.Who is more likely to suffer from appearance dissatisfaction?A.Children who like taking selfies.B.Adults who often attend video meetings.C.Teenagers who enjoy posting on social media.D.People who always compare appearance in video chatting.8.What is the possible result of appearance dissatisfaction during video meeting?A.Less focus on one’s own image.B.Harmful effects on work performance.C.Anger about being looked at by others.D.Boredom of looking at one’s own face.9.How can we help people with appearance dissatisfaction?A.By taking their words seriously.B.By caring much about their faces.C.By viewing them as parts of a body.D.By placing importance on their qualities. 10.What is the writer’s attitude towards video meeting and social media?A.Unconcerned.B.Positive.C.Balanced.D.Worried二、其他11.阅读下列句子并排序。
南海区2022届高一学业水平测试高一数学参考答案一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)二、多项选择题(本大题共2小题,每小题5分,共10分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求,全部选对的得5分,选对但不全得3分,有选错的得0分)11.AB 12. BC三、填空题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.第16题第1小问2分,第2小问3分)13. (14], 14. 322 15. )1(3x x - 16. 1,)2,1( 四、解答题(本题共6小题,第17题10分,第18--22题每题12分,共70分) 17. (1)由题意得,}31|{}8221|{<≤-=<≤=x x x B x ………………………………………3分又因为}23|{<<-=x x A ,所以}21|{<≤-=x x B A ………………………………………5分(2)因为B C B =,所以B C ⊆. …………………………………………………………………6分因为{}|13B x x =-≤<,{}|215C x a x a =-<≤+,所以253a a -<-⎧⎨+≤⎩,……………………………………………………………………………………………8分解得20a -≤<,故a 的取值范围为[2,0)-.………………………………………………………10分18. 解:(1)因为sin 2cos αα+=,所以sin 2cos αα=,代入22sin cos 1αα+=可得25cos 40αα-+=,……………………………………2分所以)220α-=,故c o s α=,sin α=,……………………………………4分 所以1tan 2α=.…………………………………………………………………………………6分 (2))cos()2sin()2sin()sin(2απαπαπαπ++--+- ααααcos sin cos sin 2--+=………………………………………………………………………………10分 1tan 1tan 2--+=αα……………………………………………………………………………………11分 1211212--+⨯=34-=.……………………………………………………………………………12分 19. (1)222223)(2)(a ax x a x x x f +-=-+=的定义域为R ……………………………………1分当1a =时,222()3232 1.f x x ax a x x =-+=-+…………………………………………2分 22()3()2()132 1.f x x x x x -=---+=++…………………………………………3分所以)()(x f x f -≠-且)()(x f x f ≠-…………………………………………5分所以当1a =时,)(x f 既不是奇函数,也不是偶函数.…………………………………………6分(2)22()32f x x ax a =-+,对称轴为3a x =………………………………………………………7分① 当132a ≤,即32a ≤时,2max ()(1)239f x f a a ==-+=,解得1a =1a =…………………………………………………………9分② 当132a >,即32a >时,2max ()(0)9f x f a ===,解得3a =或3a =-(舍去) …11分综上:1a =3a =.……………………12分20 .解:(1)若选择函数模型0.5v Q a =+,则该函数在[0,3]v ∈上为单调减函数, 这与试验数据相矛盾,所以不选择该函数模型.若选择函数模型log a Q k v b =+,须0v >,这与试验数据在0v =时有意义矛盾, 所以不选择该函数模型.从而只能选择函数模型32Q av bv cv =++,由试验数据得,………………………………………3分 0.7,842 1.6,2793 3.3,a b c a b c a b c ++=⎧⎪++=⎨⎪++=⎩,即0.7,420.8,931.1,a b c a b c a b c ++=⎧⎪++=⎨⎪++=⎩,解得0.1,0.2,0.8,a b c =⎧⎪=-⎨⎪=⎩…………………………………6分 故所求函数解析式为:320.10.20.8(03)Q v v v v =-+≤≤.……………………………………7分(2)设超级快艇在AB 段的航行费用为y (万元), 则所需时间为3v(小时),其中03v <≤, 结合(1)知,()3230.10.20.8y v v v v =-+()20.317v ⎡⎤=-+⎣⎦……………………………………9分所以当1v =时,min 2.1y =.…………………………………………………………………………11分用……………………4分(2)函数()f x 在定义域内为增函数,证明:设120x x <<,则120x x -<,1201x x <<,因为 12211222212212()()log 21(log 21)log log 22f x f x x x x x x x x x -=+--+-=-+-12122122122log log 2()log 2()x x x x x x x x =-+-=+-111221222201log 0log 2()0x x x x x x x x <<∴<∴+-<,即12()()0f x f x -<所以函数()f x 在定义域内为增函数. ……………………………………………………………………………………8分(3)()y f x =是图象是一条连续不断的曲线,…………………………………9分且(0.6)(0.75)0f f <…………………………………10分 当3n =时0.71250.731250.018750.01-=>,所以当3n =时方程()0f x =的根的近似值达不到精确度为0.01当4n =时0.7218750.731250.0093750.01-=<,所以当4n =时方程()0f x =的根的近似值达到精确度为0.01,所以4n =…………………………………11分方程()0f x =的根的近似值为0.7265625.…………………………………12分22 . 本题为开放性题,答案不唯一,只需写出符合条件的函数即可,提供以下5个函数仅供参考,写出函数)(x f 给4分,作图2分,证明)(x f 满足结论③及④每个3分.(1)a x x x f ++-=||)(2 )0(>a (2) a x x x f +-=||)(2)0(<a(3)|)|(|log |)(2a x x f +=((5)241()124x x f x x x +⎧⎪-+⎪=⎨+⎪⎪-+⎩ 10x x x ≤-<<≥,,,,下面以函数1||)(2++-=x x x f 为例给出证明:证明:1||)(2++-=x x x f 的定义域为R因为对定义域的每一个x ,都有)(1||1||)()(22x f x x x x x f =++-=+-+--=-, 所以函数1||)(2++-=x x x f 是偶函数,……………………………………………………………9分又因为当0≥x 时,1)(2++-=x x x f 解⎩⎨⎧≥=++-0012x x x 得251+=x 所以当0≥x 时,函数1||)(2++-=x x x f 只有一个零点,又因为函数1||)(2++-=x x x f 是偶函数,所以函数)(x f 恰有2个零点.………………………………………………………………………12分。
选择题细胞生物学家威尔逊曾经说过:“每一个生物科学问题的答案都必须在细胞中寻找”。
他作出这一结论的理由是()A.细胞是生物体(除病毒)结构和功能的基本单位B.新细胞是从老细胞的细胞核中产生的C.各种生物的生命活动都是在细胞内完成的D.单细胞生物能够独立完成生命活动,不需要与外界环境进行物质交换【答案】A【解析】1、病毒不具有细胞结构,由蛋白质外壳和内部遗传物质组成,寄生在活细胞中,利用活细胞中的物质生活和繁殖。
(所以培养病毒要用活细胞)。
2、细胞是生命活动的基本单位。
细胞是生物体(除病毒)结构和功能的基本单位A、细胞是生物体(除病毒)结构和功能的基本单位,即使病毒这样的非细胞结构生物,也只有依赖活细胞才能生活,所以“每一个生物科学问题的答案都必须在细胞中寻找”,A正确;B、新细胞是从老细胞的细胞核中产生的,此观点不正确,B错误;C、各种生物的生命活动都是在细胞内或细胞的参与下完成的,C错误;D、单细胞生物能够独立完成生命活动,但是需要不断和外界进行物质的交换,D错误;故选A。
选择题人们往往因为饮食不洁引起腹泻,其病原微生物主要是痢疾杆菌。
下列关于痢疾杆菌的叙述,正确的是()A.痢疾杆菌是寄生生活的自养生物B.痢疾杆菌细胞中没有线粒体、核糖C.痢疾杆菌细胞中具有细胞膜、细胞壁D.痢疾杆菌细胞中具有拟核,拟核中有染色体【答案】C【解析】细胞生物分为原核生物和真核生物,原核生物包括:细菌、蓝藻、放线菌、支原体、衣原体等。
原核细胞的结构中均有细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质、核糖体、拟核、遗传物质DNA,但是没有细胞核、染色体以及其它复杂的细胞器。
A、寄生生活的生物是异养生物,A错误;B、痢疾杆菌属于原核生物,细胞中含有RNA,则含有核糖,B错误;C、痢疾杆菌是原核生物,细胞中具有细胞膜、细胞壁,C正确;D、原核细胞中有拟核,但没有染色体,D错误。
故选C。
选择题衣藻、变形虫和蓝细菌都是单细胞生物,尽管它们的大小和形状各不相同,但它们都有相似的结构,即都具有()A.细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质、液泡B.细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质、细胞核C.细胞膜、细胞质、核糖体、细胞核D.细胞膜、细胞质、储存遗传物质的场所【答案】D【解析】衣藻是低等的单细胞植物,具有的细胞结构有细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核;变形虫是原生生物,具有细胞核、细胞膜、细胞质;蓝细菌是原核生物,由原核细胞构成,结构包括细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质、拟核。
广东省佛山市南海区2022-2023学年高一上学期初高衔接学习素养测试英语试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、其他二、单项选择9.请选出划线部分发音相同的一组。
10.请选出单词重读音节(用粗体加下划线标记)全对的一组。
11.请选出单词与音标匹配全对的一组。
A.ability /əˈbɪləti/thought /ðəʊ/receive /rɪˈsiːv/honest /ˈɒnɪst/B.neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ violin /ˌvaɪəˈlɪn/quiet /ˈkwaɪət/doubt /daʊt/C.absent /ˈæbsənt/disease /dɪˈziːz/thirteen /ˌθɜːˈtin/proud /praʊd/ D.technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ create /kriˈaɪt/silent /ˈsaɪlənt/thick /θɪk/ 12.请选出单词拼写全对的一组。
A.outside govenment celebrate decisionB.return inventor Chrismas believeC.complete introdution enter hundredD.accident library necessary negative13.请选出单词词性相同的一组。
A.pet somebody bread lifestyleB.first one third twenty-firstC.hungry possible honesty usefulD.lovely warmly beautifully slowly14.请选出单词类别相同的一组。
A.scientist secretary engineer farmerB.finger headache stomach tongueC.underground train drive shipD.grateful upset fair annoyed15.请选出单词过去式全对的一组。
广东省佛山市南海区2022-2023学年高一上学期高中衔接学习素养测试物理试题(wd无答案)一、单选题(★) 1. 某实验小组运用物理方法进行实验,得出:液体蒸发的快慢与液体的温度、表面积、和上方空气流动速度有关,温度越高、表面积越大、上方空气流动速度越快,蒸发越快。
该实验过程运用的物理方法是()A.等效替代法B.理想模型法C.控制变量法D.假设法(★) 2. 如图所示,静置于水平面上的长方体木箱,受到与水平面成的拉力F的作用,现将该拉力分解为水平分力和竖直分力,则以下关系正确的是()A.B.C.D.(★★) 3. 如图所示,菱形ABCD边长为L,,则对角线AC长为()A.B.L C.D.(★) 4. 如图是两个电阻和的图像,则由图可知()A.的电阻值为3ΩB.的电阻值为20ΩC.的电阻值小于的电阻值D.和的电阻值都随着电压的增大而增大(★★) 5. 如图所示为某物体做匀加速直线运动的速度-时间图像。
若匀加速直线运动的速度公式为(其中a为图像斜率,表示零时刻速度大小即初速度),则()A.B.初速度C.速度与时间成正比D.第3s时速度大小为6m/s(★★) 6. 关于质点,下列说法正确的是()A.质量很小的物体都可以看作质点B.研究货车装货时可将货车看作质点C.质量和体积都很大的物体有时也可以看作质点D.研究飞机的飞行姿态时可将它看作质点(★★) 7. 下列选项中,表示时间间隔的是()A.火车7:20准时发车B.每节课40分钟C.数学考试17:00结束D.晚自习19:00开始(★) 8. 下课后,甲同学沿图中实线路径从教室到食堂,乙同学沿图中虚线路径从教室到食堂,关于这两个过程,下列说法正确的是()A.甲的位移等于乙的位移B.甲的位移大于乙的位移C.甲的路程等于乙的路程D.甲的路程大于乙的路程(★★) 9. 在平直的公路上,汽车启动后在第10s末速度表的指针指在如图所示的位置,前10s 内汽车运动的距离为150m。
佛山市南海区2021-2022学年度高一上学期普通高中学业水平检测语文试题一、现代文阅读。
(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面文字,完成下面小题。
材料一:《说文解字》:“理,治玉也。
”段玉裁注云:“郑人谓玉之未理者为璞。
是理为剖析也。
玉虽至坚,而治之得其理以成器不难,谓之理。
”理字本意为治玉,而治玉必依玉本身之条理,故条理亦为理。
引而申之,理作为动词之意为对于事物之治理,而作为名词之意则为事物本身之条理。
理性或道理,皆实际就主、客观两方面而言之。
现在常说的历史理性,实际也就包括历史(作为客观过程)的理性和史学(作为研究过程)的理性,简易言之,就是对历史过程的所以然或道理的探究和对历史研究过程的所以然或道理的探究。
从大量甲骨卜辞材料可知,殷人敬信鬼神,以为鬼神能主宰人的命运。
据《尚书》记载,殷纣说过:“我生不有命在天。
”殷纣以为他的王权来自天命,天命决定历史,其中没有任何理性可言。
后来,周取代了殷,殷人赖以自恃的“天命”转移到了周人手中。
而据《史记·周本纪》记,武王代纣胜利以后,忧虑得夜晚连觉都睡不着,说:“我未定天保,何暇寐?”武王深感不安的是,天命是如何转移的呢?它已经从殷人手中转移到周,但是会不会再发生转移,使自己由得而失呢?天命或王朝历史命运的转移,原来是既存在而又不可靠的。
武王早在伐纣时还说过:“天视自我民视,天听自我民听。
”周武王发现了一个道理:天命的背后原来就是人心,天命的变迁原来就是人心向背的转移。
这是周人对于历史发展自身的理路的新认识,是中国古代对于历史理性发现的开端。
到了春秋战国时期,诸子蜂起。
除儒家基本仍守周公的理念外,道家、法家都不再相信天命,也不再相信人心。
《老子》以为:“天地不仁,以万物为刍狗;圣人不仁,以百姓为刍狗。
”古往今来,人事变化,根本没有以天或圣人为代表的道德理性在起作用。
“大道成,有仁义;慧智出,有大伪。
”知识的产生与进步是引起大伪的前题,这种“智”的进步,导致了道德本身的退步。