剑7 阅读同义词替换

雅思阅读同义词替换(Cambridge 7)1.rely on=depend on 依靠v.2.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.3.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.4.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.5.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.6.perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉v.7.calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算v.8.detection=finding=observation 探测n.9.coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造v.10.inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的adj.11.revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进n.12.downward=fall=drop=downhill 下降的adj.13.increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的adj.14.primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principally 主要地adv.15.due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为16.decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.17.radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的adj.18.prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前19.demanding=difficult=hard=challenging=tough 要求高的，艰难的adj.20.well known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的adj.21.admit=acknowledge=confess=to tell the truth 承认v.22.be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似v.23.result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致24.sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的25.address=solve=deal with=handle 处理v.26.imitate=copy=impersonate=follow one's example 模仿v.27.maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持v.28.feed=eat=have=chew=swallow=consume 喂食v.29.illustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明v.30.memorise=learn=commit something to memory 记忆v.31.conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的v.32.notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到v.33.retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持v.34.convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信v.35.spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand 壮观的adj.1.interior=inner=inside 内部的adj.2.change=shift=alter=transfer 改变v.3.establish=build=found=set up=start 建立v.4.official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员n.5.isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的adj.6.collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌v.7.destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭v.8.absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收v.9.severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的adj.10.purify=refine=distill 净化v.11.hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled 隐藏的adj.12.decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.13.deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏v.14.recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出v.15.conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论v.16.adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应v.17.initiate=start=launch=open=set in motion 开始，发起v.18.refer to=mention=allude to=touch on 提到v.19.identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定，认同v.20.request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要求n.21.be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分开v.22.consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成23.hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍v.24.objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标n.25.implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实行v.26.promote=encourage=help=aid 促进v.27.warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警告v.28.observation post=watchtower 瞭望塔n.29.access=entrance=entryway=way in 通路，进入n.1.cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因n.2.measure=weigh=time=take=read 测量v.3.route=motorway=highway=expressway 车道n.4.exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外v.5.renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可再生的adj.6.exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在v.7.limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制v.8.boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界n.9.allow for=make sth. Possible 使…成为可能10.proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 提议n.11.urban=city=town=municipal 城市的adj.12.odour=smell=stench=stink 味道n.13.find one's way=navigate 导航v.14.bearing=position=standing 方位n.15.exchange=share=distribute 分享v.16.waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物n.17.dental=teeth 牙齿的adj.18.priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先n.19.encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励v.20.explore=look for=discuss=think 探索v.21.factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素n.22.cultivate=grow=raise 培养v.23.convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变v.24.digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化v.25.preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存，保护v.26.monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视v.27.allocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配v.28.decline=decrease=reduce=fall=drop 下降v.29.fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的adj.30.upgrade=improve=make sth.better=make improvements 改进，提高v.31.advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的adj.32.sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmentally friendly 可持续的adj.33.evidence=proof=documentation 证据n.34.long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的adj.rge numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的rge=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的adj.3.resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像v.4.foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人n.5.more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过v.6.decrease=crash=reduction=fall=drop 下降n.7.stop=halt=come to a halt 停止v.8.sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的adj.9.establish=found=build=set up 建立v.10.be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功11.recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge 承认v.。

雅思阅读同义词替换（剑1-剑9）剑 9 第一篇：1. recognise one's ability/ perceive one's talent/one's talent be perceived2. enrol in a school/attend a school3. sth that made him rich and famous/ sth bring him both fame and fortune4. Immediately understand/instant recognition5. refer to/ known as6. consult/ ask advice of7. now/ current/present/happening8. transmission/ sending information9. response/ reply10. ground rules/ assumptions underlying the research11. likelihood/ it seems/ perhaps, guess, estimate12. life expectancy/ the lifetime of13. most powerful/ the largest/ the biggest/ the best/ the greatest14. resemble/ pretty well like/ be similar to/ same as15. promptly/ immediately/instantly16. migrant/ migrate/ migration17. before/ in advance/ prior/ previously/ former18. make big changes/ redesign/modification/alteration19. lack/ never/no/not/in need of/want20. incomplete fossilised remains/ only fragments are found21. determine/ decide22. obtain/ acquire/ earn / gain / get/ procure/ receive / secure23. dense/ tight/thick/heavy24. indicate/ demonstrate / disclose / display / exhibit/ express/ hint/ imply/ point out/ pr esent/ reveal/ show /signify/suggest1. Initiative/initiate/ launch/ pioneer/ introduce/ develop2. National policy/ New Zealand strategy3. Global/international4. Team effort/ institutional working party5. Hypothesis/guess/ speculation/ possibility/theory/potential6. Suitable/appropriate7. Worldwide regulations/ international standard8. Medical conditions/ illness/ disease9. Place…at risk/ leave…vulnerable10. Auditory problems/hearing loss11. Study/carry out research12. Machinery noise/ noise generated by machine13. Child which have not been diagnosed/ undiagnosed children14. Current teaching method/ modern teaching practices15. Cooling systems/ air-conditioning/mechanical means of ventilation16. Different/distinct/varied/reverse17. Prevent/keep from/inhibit/stop/thwart18. Potential/future/be expected to be/possible/likely19. Fail to do/never/not/unable to do20. Calculate/determine the value21. Be worked out/be calculated22. Realise/recognise/show/see/understand23. Witness/view/see/observe24. Distorted/look smeared/not circular1. Competitive/competitors/competition2. Achievement/success3. Because/thus/It is… that 强调句型/so4. Rely on previous events/draw on past experience5. A result of/ a product of6. Pitfalls/ traps/snares7. Exposure to …/bombard…with8. Receptive/receive/embrace/accept/agree9. Novelty/new experience10. Fear/phobia11. Embarrassment/ridicule12. Psychological illness/mental disorder13. Decide/decision14. Scientific/science/technology/technological15. Argue/argument/debate/debatable/discuss/dispute/disputable16. Understandable/understand/reasonable17. Be affected by/influence18. Stil exist/be still with us19. Stop/halt/prevent/end20. Pointless/not/no point of21. Misrepresented/paint unreal pictures22. The custom of speaking/ popular speech23. Grammatical rules/ rules of grammar24. Alternative/choice/way/replacement剑 9 第四篇1. Back into Britain/ re-import into Britain2. Reliable/predictable3. Cut down/reduce4. Increase income/export earner5. Power station/power plant6. In the vicinity of/around/nearby7. Extraction of seaweed/clean seaweed8. Result from/cause9. In danger/at risk10. Comparatively/relatively11. Explanation/explain/reason12. Transmission of information/information pass on/information send back/transmit 13. Unnecessary/redundant/superfluous14. Incident/event15. Initial y/original y16. Be about to stop working/on the brink of failing17. Be used to/by means of18. Send messages over distances/transmit information from place to place19. Signal strength/ strength of the signal20. From her childhood/when she was a child21. Her children were born/birth of her two daughters22. Marie took over the teaching position/she was appointed to the professorship 23. Have the same property/…is true for …24. Receive recognition/be awarded剑 9 其他：1. Col ect/accumulate2. Both…and/not only…but also3. Stock sth./ a stock of sth.4. Be exposed to/ by exposure to5. Imitation/imitate/mimic6. Be contingent on/ depend on7. Mastery/power8. The aspects of self-awareness is difficult to research directly/Empiricalinvestigation of the se lf-as-subject are rather scarce9. …is link to …/the link between…and…10. Primarily intend for the public/for the ordinary visitor11. Personal involvement/themselves can act as if part of the historical environment 112. …and …are less easy to distinguish than before/ the sharp distinction is g radual y evapor ating13. Balance the conflicting priorities/ steer a narrow course between the demand of …14. Reveal/present/presentation15. Durable objects/ transitory nature of the materials(反义词)16. Consumer/market force17. Give false impression/ bias in the representation18. Current trend/majority of the public剑8：Cambridge 8 TEST 11. agree=concur=go along with=fal in with=go with v.同意2. sceptic and advocate=different attitude 不同的看法3. significance=impressive=meaning=sense n.重要性4. meditation: the practice of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings, in order to relax completely or for religious reasons n.冥想，沉思5. parapsychology: the scientific study of mysterious abilities that some people claim to have, such as knowing what wil happen in the future n.通灵学6. environment=condition=light, sound, warmth=situation=circumstance n.环境7. alter=change=revise=make changes v. 改变8. trial=experiment=test n.实验9. success rate=positive result=achievement=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就10. pick out=identify=recognize=know=tel v.认出，识别11. limit=minimize=maximum=the most=ceiling=cut-off point v.限制12. different=individual=not like=vary=not the same=contrast with=diverse adj.独特的13. invention=device=creation=innovation n.发明，装置14. cold temperature=freezing weather=chil y=frosty=wintry=cold snap adj.寒冷的15. farming=agriculture n.农业16. simultaneous=at the same time=together=at once=at one time adj.同时的17. uniform=equal=homogeneous adj.均衡的18. devise=formulate=invent=create=come up with=make up=conceive=coin=dream upv.创造19. civil=municipal=metropolitan adj.城市的20. divide=split=separate=break up=break down=take apart=take something to piece v.分开21. new=revolutionary=original=innovation=fresh=novel=be in its infancy adj.新的，革命的22. create=introduce=invent=make sth. do sth.=be the cause=lead to sth. v..发明23. organize=co-ordinate=arrange=set out=put something in order=line up v.组织，使协调24. public event=communal activity 公众、社交活动25. aviation disaster=sky accident=air crash 空难26. prompt=result in=lead to=make somebody do something=cause somebody to dosomething=lead somebody to do something=motivate=induce somebody to do something v.导致27. resemble=like=similar=alike=much the same=comparable v.类似28. oversimplify=incomplete=simplistic=generalize=see things in black and white adj.过于简化的，不完整的29. altitude=from…meters above the ground=height=how high=level n.高度30. zone=airspace=region=area=district=quarter=block=suburb n.区域31. weather=meteorological=climate=condition n.气候32. categorize=class / type=sort=classify=be grouped=grade v.分类33. create=establish=invent=start up=open=set up=found=inception v.创建34. beacon and flashing=light=beam n.灯光35. improve=develop=evolve=get better=catch up=pick up=things are looking up v.发展，进化36. aircraft=plane=by air n.飞机37. average-sized=medium-sized adj. 中等的38. city=metropolitan=urban=town=vil age=civic=municipal=downtown n.城市39. pendulum : a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularly from side to side to control the working of a clock n.钟摆40. coincidental : happening completely by chance without being planned adj.巧合的41. disobey : to refuse to do what someone with authority tel s you to do, or refuse to obey a rule or law v.不服从Cambridge 8 TEST 2drastical y : extreme and sudden adv.彻底地carry out : subject to : 使服从remain=stay=keep=continue to be=stil v.保持detect=inspect=examine=notice=spot=become aware /conscious=note=conserve=perceive v.检查fault=flaw=defect=trouble=bug=virus=be something wrong with=be something matter with n.缺陷，缺点enough=sufficient=adequate=cover=meet somebody's need adj.足够的main=largely=principal=chief=major=key=primary=prime=predominant=core adj.主要的:documentation=written account=evidence=proof n.证明shift=switch=transfer=move=jerk v.转换consistent=lasting=stay the same=constant=unchanging adj.持续的drought=no rain at al =dry=dusty adj.干旱的period=cycle=era=age n.年代random=arbitrary=at random adj.随机的molten=hot=heat=boiling / boiling hot=scalding / scalding hot adj.熔化的intense=strong=passionate=powerful=deep adj.强烈的discover=explore=find / unearth=turn up v.开发，发现pattern=trade / commodity=business n.贸易relate to=associate with=link to / connect to=identify with 联系feeling=emotional response / sensory=a sense of=passion n. 感觉unappreciated=undervalued adj.低估的difficult=elusive=hard / tough=easier said than done adj.困难的，难懂的study=research=analyse=do/conduct research v.研究smell=odour=scent n.气味interpretation=be considered to be=understanding=reading n.理解define=distinguish=tel the difference v.使明确damage=impair=break=do/cause damage=scratch v.损害realize=consciously consider=occur to=become aware=sink in=strike=hit=wake up to the fact that v.想到reveal=show=demonstrate=let somebody see=present=expose=let somebody take alook v.显示to be defined=unanswered 无答案的husbands and wives=marriage partner / spouse=couple=newlyweds 夫妇linguistic=language n.语言describe=name=express=give a description of=talk about=write about=give an accountof=tell of v.描述lack=do not exist=not enough=scarce=inadequate=insufficient=in short supply v.缺乏的do not smel =odorless 没有气味的regard as=consider to 把…认作unpleasant=offensive=horrible / disgusting / revolting=not very nice=nasty adj.极讨厌的certain=some=a measure of adj.一些correspond=be consist of=coincide=match up v.一致relevance n.关联float=afloat v.浮动1. building=property=construction n.建筑2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的9. test in real=field test 实地测试10. genius=giftedness / talent / intel ectual=intel igence=brains=bril iant=wisdom n.天才11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承12. talent=prodigy=skil =ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do something wel n.才能，技能13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=al ay v.减少14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的19. life span=duration of life20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不朽的26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any otherliving thing n.有机的1. building=property=construction n.建筑2. support=back=be behind=in support of=back somebody up v.支持3. financial support=fund=financial aid 资助4. stumbling block=difficulty=trouble n.麻烦5. create=generate=form=produce v.形成6. direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order/instruction v.指导7. beam=laser=ray=glow=glare n.光线，激光8. aim=direct at=purpose=point=idea=objective=goal=target n.目的9. test in real=field test 实地测试10. genius=giftedness / talent / intel ectual=intel igence=brains=bril iant=wisdom n.天才11. inherit=run in family=receive=get=be given=be awarded v.继承12. talent=prodigy=skil =ability=craftsmanship=flair=have a knack=a natural ability to do something wel n.才能，技能13. lessen=minimize=subside=lighten=relieve=ease=al ay v.减少14. significance=supremacy=definition=meaning=sense=connotation n.重要性15. achieve=make=succeed=manage=make progress=accomplish=get results v.达成16. limitation=restricted=disadvantage=drawback=liability=the downside n.限制17. inexorable=inevitable=unstoppable=remorseless adj.无法改变的18. stable=characteristic=constant=steady=fixed=unchanging adj.稳定的19. life span=duration of life 寿命20. biological clock=internal clock 生物钟21. prolong=extend=drag out=spin out v.延伸，延长22. principle=law=conscience=scruples n.原则，法则23. optimal=better=best adj.最佳的24. conserve=save / frugal=reserve=keep back v.节约，保存25. immortality : the state of living for ever or being remembered for ever adj.不朽的26. organism=living thing=life form=wildlife =an animal, plant, human, or any otherliving thing n.有机的1. middle-year education=lower secondary school 中学2. format=pattern n.格式3. less successful student=struggler 差等生4. key=contributing factor=important=major=significant=critical n.关键5. achievement=attainment=progress=breakthrough=accomplishment n.成就6. spacious=largely=big=huge=vast=enormous=immense adj.广阔的7. adapt=accessible=get used to=become/grow accustomed to=adjust to v.适应，可接近的8. careful=elaborate=conscientious=thorough=meticulous=methodical adj.仔细的，精心的9. supplementary=assist=additional=extra=further=added=spare=more=another n.补充，帮助10. effort=hard work=work at=push yourself=labour n.努力11. correct answer=accuracy n.精确12. imbalance=disorder=unequal=disproportionate n.不平衡，紊乱13. no longer respond=resistance=fight against 抵抗14. cost=financial outlay=spend=charge=fare=rental=tol n.支出15. innate=built-in adj.先天的16. immunity=resistance n.免疫力17. entail=involve v.包含18. circumstance=system n.环境，系统19. feed on=prey on 以…为食20. blight=plague v.破坏21. wipe out=eradicate=get rid of=abolish=scrap=do away with=eliminate 根除22. plague=infest=troublesome v.折磨23. compare=determination of variation=contrast=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel v.对比24. criterion=identification=standard=scale n.标准，识别25. compatible=use both method=well-matched=be made for each other=be a perfectmatch /pair/couple=be right for=be ideal y suited adj.兼容的26. specimen=individual n.标本27. container=plastic or glass tube n.容器28. wet=marshy=soaked=waterlogged=awash adj.湿的29. habitat=area=the environment=ecosystem=ecology n.栖息地30. pitfal =trap n.陷阱31. little time and effort is required=minimal maintenance and intervention 最小程度的维修与介入32. pesticide: a chemical substance used to kil insects and smal animals that destroy crops n.杀虫剂33. preservative: a chemical substance that is used to prevent things from decaying, for example food or wood n.防腐剂剑7Cambridge 7 TEST 11. rely on=depend on 依靠 v.2. avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免 v.3. die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝 v.4. hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎 v.5. limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢 n.6. perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉 v.7. calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算 v.8. detection=finding=observation 探测 n.9. coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造 v.10. inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的 adj.11. revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进 n.12. downward=fal =drop=downhil 下降的 adj.13. increasing=soaring=growing=rising 上升的 adj.14. primarily=mainly=largely=chiefly=principal y 主要地 adv.15. due to=because of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to 因为16. decrease=reduce=fal =drop 下降 v.17. radical=not traditional=new=unconventional 激进的 adj.18. prior to=beforehand=before=in advance=on the eve of 之前19. demanding=difficult=hard=chal enging=tough 要求高的，艰难的 adj.20. wel known=notorious=famous=renowned 著名的 adj.21. admit=acknowledge=confess=to tel the truth 承认 v.22. be similar to=like=resemble=bear a resemblance to=akin to 相似 v.23. result in=lead to=cause=give rise to=bring about 引发，导致24. sophisticated=advanced=high-tech=complex=complicated 复杂的25. address=solve=deal with=handle 处理 v.26. imitate=copy=impersonate=fol ow one's example 模仿 v.27. maintain=continue=carry on=keep up=preserve 维持 v.28. feed=eat=have=chew=swal ow=consume 喂食 v.29. il ustrate=show=demonstrate=make clear=reflect 说明 v.30. memorise=learn=commit something to memory 记忆 v.31. conventional=traditional=conformist=conservative 传统的 v.32. notice=see=spot=be aware of=be conscious of 注意到 v.33. retain=keep=save=hold on to 保持 v.34. convince=persuade=win sb. over=satisfy 使确信 v.35. spectacular=impressive=imposing=striking=grand 壮观的 adj.Cambridge 7 TEST 21. interior=inner=inside 内部的 adj.2. change=shift=alter=transfer 改变 v.3. establish=build=found=set up=start 建立 v.4. official=authority=leader=supervisor 官员 n.5. isolated=inaccessible=distant=remote=faraway 隔离的, 边远的 adj.6. collapse=fall=fall over=fall down 倒塌 v.7. destroy=devastate=wreck=obliterate 毁灭 v.8. absorb=digest=take in=assimilate 吸收 v.9. severe=serious=stiff=heavy 严重的 adj.10. purify=refine=distil 净化 v.11. hidden=disguised=concealed=veiled 隐藏的 adj.12. decline=decrease=reduce=fal =drop 下降 v.13. deteriorate=get worse=go down=decline 变坏 v.14. recognize=know=identify=pick out 认出 v.15. conclude=summarize=come to/reach the conclusion 得出结论 v.16. adapt to=get used to=become accustomed to=adjust to 适应 v.17. initiate=start=launch=open=set in motion 开始，发起 v.18. refer to=mention=al ude to=touch on 提到 v.19. identify=name=recognize=diagnose 确定，认同 v.20. request=demand=claim=petition=appeal 要求 n.21. be divided into=separate=split=break up=break down 分开 v.22. consist of=be made up of=be composed of=comprise 由…组成23. hinder=hamper=impede 阻碍 v.24. objective=aim=purpose=goal=target 目标 n.25. implement=carry on=execute=put sth. Into practice 实行 v.26. promote=encourage=help=aid 促进 v.27. warn=caution=alert=give sb. a warning 警告 v.28. observation post=watchtower 瞭望塔 n.29. access=entrance=entryway=way in 通路，进入 n.Cambridge 7 TEST 31. cause=reason=factor=origin=root 原因 n.2. measure=weigh=time=take=read 测量 v.3. route=motorway=highway=expressway 车道 n.4. exclude=omit=miss out=leave out=drop 排除在外 v.5. renewable=sustainable=recycling=environmental y friendly 可再生的 adj.6. exist=there is/are=be found=occur 存在 v.7. limit=restrict=constrain=confine=keep to 限制 v.8. boundary=border=edge=outskirts=frontier 边界 n.9. al ow for=make sth. Possible 使…成为可能10. proposal=suggestion=recommendation=proposition 提议 n.11. urban=city=town=municipal 城市的 adj.12. odour=smel =stench=stink 味道 n.13. find one's way=navigate 导航 v.14. bearing=position=standing 方位 n.15. exchange=share=distribute 分享 v.16. waste=unwanted materials=rubbish=garbage=trash 废物 n.17. dental=teeth 牙齿的 adj.18. priority=preferential=the most important=overriding 优先 n.19. encourage=promote=help=support=be supportive 鼓励 v.20. explore=look for=discuss=think 探索 v.21. factor=cause=reason=root=origin 因素 n.22. cultivate=grow=raise 培养 v.23. convert=modify=transfer=adapt=customize 转变 v.24. digest=take in=absorb=assimilate 消化 v.25. preserve=protect=keep=store=keep sth. In storage 保存，保护 v.26. monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.27. al ocate=distribute=apportion=grant=confer 分配 v.28. decline=decrease=reduce=fal =drop 下降 v.29. fragile=weak=delicate=breakable=feeble 脆弱的 adj.30. upgrade=improve=make sth.better=make improvements 改进，提高 v.31. advanced=developed=sophisticated=high-tech 先进的 adj.32. sustainable=renewable=recycling=environmental y friendly 可持续的 adj.33. evidence=proof=documentation 证据 n.34. long-standing=lengthy=long-running=lasting 长期的 adj.Cambridge 7 TEST 41. large numbers of=tens of thousands of=many 大量的2. large=massive=huge=enormous=vast 巨大的 adj.3. resemble=look like=alike=much the same=akin to 相像 v.4. foe=enemy=adversary=hostile 敌人 n.5. more than=exceed=over=in excess of 超过 v.6. decrease=crash=reduction=fal =drop 下降 n.7. stop=halt=come to a halt 停止 v.8. sufficient=abundant=enough=adequate 充足的 adj.9. establish=found=build=set up 建立 v.10. be Successful=prosper=do well=succeed=thrive 成功11. recognize=certify=accept=acknowledge 承认 v.12. label=display=cal =brand=hail 贴标签，命名 v.13. adapt=adjust=get used to=become/grow accustomed to 适应 v.14. mistake=error=fault=slip=mix-up 错误 n.15. keep a check on=monitor=watch=keep an eye on 监视 v.16. unexpected=unpredictable=unforeseeable 不可预见的 adj.17. general y=in general=in the whole=al in al =al things considered 大体上的 adv.18. previously=before=earlier=formerly 先前 adv.19. apply=use=make use of=exercise=utilize 应用 v.20. due to=because=since=owing to=thanks to=as a result of 因为21. raise=lift=lift up=pick up=scoop up 使…上升 v.22. in addition=besides=additional y=too=also=as well 除此之外23. inhabitant=resident=population=citizen=local 居民 n.24. collapse=failure=fall 崩塌，失败 n.25. set up=establish=found=start=open 建立26. ensure=make sure=make certain=see to it that 保证 v.27. assist=help=aid=give a hand=do sth. For 协助 v.28. deny=refuse=withhold 否认 v.29. permit=al ow=let=agree to=authorize 许可 v.30. interfere=intrude=disrupt=meddle 干扰 v.31. repeat=redo=retake=do sth. again 重复 v.32. prevent=stop=restrain=hold back=discourage 阻止 v.33. disrupt=disturb=upset=break up 打扰 v.34. long-term=chronic=long=lengthy=long-running 长期的 adj.35. expose=show=reveal=present=let sb. see 暴露，揭发 v.36. intense=strong=passionate=powerful=fervent 强烈的 adj.37. random=arbitrary=at random 任意的，随机的 adj.38. require=demand=need=cal for 要求 v.39. fatigue=tiredness=exhaustion=drowsiness 疲劳 n.40. manifest=show=reveal=present 显示 v.41. concentrate=pay attention=put one's mind on=attentive 专注 v.42. produce=make=manufacture=create=fashion 生产 v.43. carry out=implement=put sth. into practice=execute 实行 v.44. perform=do=conduct=dabble in 执行 v.剑6：Cambridge 6 TEST 1exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流 v. expertise=skil 专门技术 n.employ=analyze=study 使用 v.investigation=analysis 调查 n.narrow=focus on 缩小范围 v.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制 v.funded support=finance 资金 n.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员 n.calculate=measure 计算 v.event=championship 赛事 n.plan=prepare=design 计划 v.improve=grow=get better 进步 v.trade=economy 贸易 n.transport=import or export=deliver 运输 v.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的 adj.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的 adj.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值 n.delivery=export or import 运输 n.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻 n.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的 adj.shipping=freight 船运 n.cargo=freight=goods 货物 n.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费 n.landscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view 风景 n. difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=chal enging 困难的 adj.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品 n.supply=provision=support 供给 n.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长 v. respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration 尊重 n. understanding=knowledge 了解 n.well-being=health 健康 n.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能 adj.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕 v.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境 n.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的present inhabitant=descendant 居民give up=abandon 放弃mainly=heavily=most 主要地visit=venture 参观Cambridge 6 TEST 21. successfully=spectacularly wel =wonderfully 成功地 adv.2. people power=local pressure groups 群众力量 n.3. commute=travel 通勤 v.4. higher=increasing=more 更高的 adj.5. income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入 n.6. beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的 adj.7. together=face to face 共同8. refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳 v.9. accommodation=live=living condition 住宿 n.10. usage=use=benefit=profit 用处 n.11. averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12. limited=minimal 有限的 adj.13. move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14. show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15. related=associated 有关联的 adj.16. suffer=be afflicted 忍受(病痛)v.17. research=study=investigation=survey 研究 n.18. affect=afflict=influence=change 影响 v.19. disease=medical complain=il ness 病痛 n.20. increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升 v.21. link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系 n.22. considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked 大量的 adj.23. reduction=drop=concession=fal =decrease 下降 n.24. elderly people=old people 老人 n.25. independent=self-reliant 自立的 adj.26. regular=daily 定期的 adj.27. exercise=physical activity 运动 n.28. chal enging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的 adj.29. decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降 v.30. lonely=emotional y isolated 孤独的 adj.31. hand signal=gesture=body language 手势 n.32. restricted=limited 有限的 adj.33. concept=abstract idea=definition 定义 n.34. specific=particular=detailed 特定的 adj.35. early=older 早期的 adj.36. fulfil =qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成 v.37. sufficient=enough 足够的 adj.38. quantity=how many=amount 数量 n.39. misunderstanding=confusion 误解 n.40. prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止 v.41. poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷 adj.42. newer=later=recent=present 新的 adj.43. ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先 n.雅思阅读同义词替换(剑六 TEST 3)Cambridge 6 TEST 31. teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育 v.2. actor=star 演员 n.3. first=initial=early=primary 最早的 adj.4. storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节 n.5. globe=world 世界 n.6. early=first=ancient 早期的 adj.7. passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8. describe=tell 描述 v.9. realistic=achievable 现实的 adj.10. target=goal=aim 目标 n.11. feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈 n.12. match to=suit to 合适13. reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励 n.14. link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15. achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就 n.16. remuneration=payment 酬金 n.17. tend to=prone to 倾向于18. feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉 v.19. participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加 v.20. staff=employee=worker 员工 n.21. visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的 adj.22. clerical worker=clerk 书记员 n.23. judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判 v.24. job=work=assignment 工作 n.25. delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off 延后 v.26. growing old=ageing 变老27. people=mortal=people=individual 人 n.28. life=lifespan 生命29. chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会 n.30. production=generation=output 产量 n.31. theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想 n.32. focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33. short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的 adj.。

附录二、剑桥雅思 4—7阅读同义词替换汇总剑桥雅思四册同义词替换 剑桥雅思四册 TEST 1 PASSAGE 1文章题目not in the face of alarming rate of loss accept idea formal tuition harborignore plight form opinion classroom holdmisconception curriculum science multifaceted modification thinkingmistaken view science larger changeunderstanding the most frequent wherethe commonest geographic location dominant idea habitatcommon response livedestruction of rainforests responsibility majority loss of rainforests responsible most survive existence rely on unexpectedlyneedsurprisingmedia coverage contribute to global warming destruction newspapers and television asthe world gets warmer destroy剑桥雅思四册 TEST 1 PASSAGE 2文章 题目not known unablenot certain nodegenerated or rudimentary particularly sensitiveextremely keen vision in water primarilyunderdeveloped very sensitive exceptional in water usually use in general employ courtship mating eatfeed↓↓↓相关资料推荐↓↓↓◆剑桥雅思官方指南OG+MP3◆ 80天攻克雅思全套◆雅思9分达人系列◆刘洪波阅读真经系列下载◆雅思黑眼睛系列听说读写合集◆【写作资料】手把手教你雅思写作◆小站出品——雅思OG试题全面解析◆剑桥雅思全真试题1-9真题◆剑桥雅思全真试题1-9听力文本+MP3◆剑桥雅思全真试题1-9详细精讲解析◆◆track followwell-developed best developed剑桥雅思四册TEST 1 PASSAGE 3 文章题目appreciatebe taken aback show recognize surprise representmotion meaning quicklya list of explore understand relateall movement understanding rapida set of investigate perceivefiteveryonelink to resemble conclude interpret asassign tosimilarconclusioncomprehendsimilar剑桥雅思四册TEST 2 PASSAGE 1题目文章linguistic diversity breed the great variety of languages as a result ofgovernment initiativefactorgovernment policy the deadliest weapondisappear/vanish growing interest learn die outincreasing appreciation teachsurvive survivalon written formbilingualismnot survivepreventing a language dying out like preserving fruits in a jar thought writemore than one language endangeredsaving languages from extinction not satisfactorythe way we thinkdetermineyoung peoplethe established way of liferejectaffectteensold traditionsnot wantshift change lose loss endanger die outdisappear loss剑桥雅思四册 TEST 2 PASSAGE 2文章 题目unusualdifferWestern worldconservative attitude/loath visitWestern countries reluctant consult climb/popularity contactincrease visithigh standing of professionals take course practitioner business/clientele attend higher opinion retrain therapists salary visitlong-termchronic illness medical complaints剑桥雅思四册 TEST 2 PASSAGE 3题目 文章 not normally link-upunusual connection beneficialenhance creativity timingrecord how much time physical hazards mental cost animals their lives cognitive involvement childrenexercise humanshunt, mate and socialize as adults build muscle/endurance training/get into shape larger brain adult activities build up strength organ growth concerning surroundings a wide range of fitness training specific sustenance linkit’s to do with environmentkaleidoscope/a lot different contexts improvement in endurance particular chemical associate 剑桥雅思四册 TEST 3 PASSAGE 1文章 题目credit loan factorreason povertyindependentdemand for income independence entrepreneurship parents or guardiansset up their own business familysupply provision lend money charge interest modest ratesin association with other types supportloan pay back slightly more as a part of aid剑桥雅思四册 TEST 3 PASSAGE 2文章 题目feature of our planet unpredictability sectioncontinent/atmosphere/water not predictable fractureblock any further eruptioncontinent remain inactiveearth ’s land surface produce make swiftly quickly horizontally extrusionhorizontal outcrop with tremendous force violently剑桥雅思四册 TEST 3 PASSAGE 3题目文章non-verbal behavior/facial expression body language written commentsage, sex, social background aware taking notes social situation self-conscious minimize severalless variousa large number of points convenience unavoidable many general specific data convenient necessary the number of enable allow limitation statement unbiased miss comment objectively enablecancover the language as a whole deal only with depend on/factor derivea wide range of language focus on affect gainnative speaker of the language coverage those who speak the language concerned cover supplement dataadditional informationneed rely on剑桥雅思四册 TEST 4 PASSAGE 1题目文章the early years of the twentieth century about 1900 intensive burst dramatic growing international giftedexplosive release greatly increasing globalpossess the unique complement of genes identify recognizeat a younger age American on early US rely on method approach aim tofocus on increasedevelopinadequate diet link todeficiency in trace minerals lead toenable records to be broken focused set new records better play a role importantcomprehend/understanding understanding fundamental key usefulexplaincurrent knowledge basic剑桥雅思四册 TEST 4 PASSAGE 2文章题目creative imagination investigating and creativity investigation as well as include translatepartly interpretationwhat these things mean for the human story ancient languagesmovie film realityrealistic pictureportrayalin a more restricted sense recordin more than one way document subdivide evolutionary building shape break down into evolve dwellinground/square whyreasontool and weapons/material written word importance objects written records valuable just as/rather like compare剑桥雅思四册 TEST 4 PASSAGE 3文章题目be faced witheconomic progress sustainbe sharedeconomic development sustainable role obligation or duty consequence awareness increaseimpact realization rise dramaticeconomic progress providesharpeconomic growth produce it was assumed without question that belief accept acceptance guarantee provision independence at about the same time limitensure provideself-determiningat exactly the same time finite sink inbecome evident population changes have an impact underestimatedemographic and social changes stem from/accompany predict 剑桥雅思四册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION 1文章题目scenic woodland small charge deliverypeaceful country surroundings extra fee deliverluxury accommodation warm welcomeprevious experience, ability lift your spirit all the family maximum attention special concert participationdevelop the confidence in no timehave dinner and stay the night friendly greeting relevant skills cheer you up a variety of ages individual guidance public performance participant overcome shyness rapid剑桥雅思四册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION 2文章题目 have the opportunity working allocate job election electchildren’s center reserve a placegraphic and visual communication skills perform arts and the media construction, properties manage nursery carefirst come, first-served advertising TVarchitecture management company the disabled secretarial tasksbusinesspeople with special needs office worksalon, facial massage and skin care, make-up, beauty therapy lash and brow treatment, artificial nail structures and ear piercing 剑桥雅思四册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION 3文章题目better-constructed narratives more impressive a great deal of money well-written narratives excellent plenty of capital buy purchase makepracticeoutside the major studios commercial success cinemanot in major studios profitable film industry biggest largest/dominant pioneerfirststar systemcommercial success based primarily on traditional play a roleresponsible for creating stars make the most money based more on own influence剑桥雅思四册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION 1文章 题目receipt booking cost receivereservationpayment paid rental broken breakdown repair servicebuffethave it replaced foodcateringwedding solicitor/legal serviceestate and property agents family roomslawyer livefind somewhere to stay financeauditing, accountancy and taxation 剑桥雅思四册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION 2文章 题目tropical fruitbanana growingcultivation cattle farming recreation program elderly care infant illness beach protection fishing farming buyagriculture including Beef and Dairy fitness instruction courses aged support programearly childhood nursing program coastal management marine industry management purchase 剑桥雅思四册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION 3文章题目pass on message unravel the mysterymeasurement of the actual distance innercommunicate the purpose expressing distance insidepoint directly topoint in the direction of剑桥雅思五册同义词替换 剑桥雅思五册 TEST 1 PASSAGE 1文章 题目draw on don’t ignore contemporary in general use time limitlivingbe not seriously rivaled deadlinedifferent shades of meaning subtleties of meaning available overto hand in excess of recognize as throughout Europe confer be hailed asin many European countries bring offer grant rise grow riseincrease lead to be associated with famous in installment die well known payment not survive剑桥雅思五册 TEST 1 PASSAGE 2文章题目 biologicalbehavior explanation help built-in/instinct/genetic traitin the cause ofhave a positive effect be instructed administer carry on go on be told give continue continue before prior to predict estimate willingness comply with expected expected statistical believe be willing to obey predictanticipate1000,450,etc. (number) claim valuepositive sociological personal value personal more powerful generalsocial environmentpersonal and moral code individual surrender in essence 剑桥雅思五册 TEST 1 PASSAGE 3题目文章 get worse a hit-list of associate not acceleratepessimistic view a number of link slow downrestrict slow down less not increaselopsidedness funding money selection financial fundsoverstate argument skepticism newspapers and broadcasters want exaggerateclaimcriticismnewspaper print items expectationdistortion of perception trash mislead wasterubbish wastefuture long-term pressing urgent剑桥雅思五册TEST 2 PASSAGE 1 文章题目reshape like mould into new forms in a similar waytotally first entirely in origindistinction a number of factor unique several reasonimmense progress domain find great advance field searchsubstitutesuch asbe calledsuch asgranularextreme heat extractpopularflow into the mould todayalternativelikebe known ase.g.grindintense heatremovefashionablefill the mouldmodern-daywelcomedimmediatelywelcomed剑桥雅思五册TEST 2 PASSAGE 2题目popularityin its early years no disdain文章biological dubbiologically consider believe express the idea feel believe safelycontrollednervous energy release psychic tension puncture modern theorists settle on beliefcurrent thinking not ignore viewlanguage machines present activity associate with demanding rapid understanding and reasoning in artificial intelligence use activate involve with difficult instantly because reactas a result of respond person’s outlook depend on work person’s subjective views relate to operation valuablepretty good 剑桥雅思五册 TEST 2 PASSAGE 3文章 题目exploitation development scientists lackexploit revolutionsocially privileged thinkers Have neither A nor B a suitable writing style describe lose momentum growth a new kind of writing description be overtaken developas as a direct result of competitive competition剑桥雅思五册 TEST 3 PASSAGE 1文章题目family configuration a cross-section of disappointing explanation phenomenal resultfamily type the range of fail reason positive outcomea cross-section ofsocio-economic status disappointing provide a variety ofpoor and wealthy do not succeed supply not substantial in an attempt toovercome educational under- achievement auditory insufficient be designed toimprove educational development listening verbalspeakinglanguage ability advance interact with others score highly剑桥雅思五册 TEST 3 PASSAGE 2文章 题目sediment sedimentation food production threat food chain poisonbe being eroded/scour away significance erodedisappear valuable erosion coast/coastline hold back sediment a lot of sediment pollutioncoastalland losshigh levels of sediment pollutant marked increasein the short termSignificantly/dramatically build upin the immediate future 剑桥雅思五册 TEST 3 PASSAGE 3文章 题目spot camouflaged vehicles on a battlefieldmilitary disparate field separate areaunifybring together re-enter/rehabilitation ignite public debate termagainbecome a common topic of conversation expressionemail/web pages meet this challenge peakinformation available electronically deal with difficulties not lowest point reflectencapsulate undue optimism boost original expectation benefit investorinvestment剑桥雅思五册 TEST 4 PASSAGE 1文章 题目boomingexpansion fragile regionsfood-supplyinternational effects wilderness regionshunting animals and fish and collecting fruits all across the worldimpacts profound disruptive demands needs needs aspiration little or no lowinvestment financial cost attractiveNot throughout the year ecological culturally result in fallattractionseasonality/ defined parts of the year ecology culture lead to declinefarm output and a change in the local diettraditionallyfood produced locally traditionalfood-gatheringdamage hunting animals and fish and collecting fruits undermine local populationrenaissance local community reviveestablish business produce and sell剑桥雅思五册 TEST 4 PASSAGE 2文章题目rare/few and far between unusual claim say press publicity suppress the most extreme failure examine all the glass strong ordinary glass sharp don’t want the oldest fail analyzeevery glass pane strength standard glass razor-sharp tinysmall without warning/unpredictable unexpectedly heat 620° rapidly make interiorquicklymanufacture innertensile force create tension form disagree datadispute evidence impossible to find almost certainly not plenty no doubt剑桥雅思五册 TEST4 PASSAGE 3文章题目considerableexperimental evidence species plentyscientific evidence typesinduceencouragebreed out of season life cycle trigger breed even in midwinter vegetative state cue not yet have yet to growing usefulgrowth excellentfluctuate greatly from day to day are known asregardless of photoperiod temperate-zone birds by unpredictable are referred to asdo not respond to light levels birds in temperate climates depend on reproduce reproduction no limit fertilizationgerminate, flower and seed never reach a maximum like such as assuredavailability longer days toleranceincreasing day length tolerant 剑桥雅思五册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION 1文章 题目purchasebuya minimum of two months overnightwithin two months next-day art paintings/photography/informative text nesting site and migration patterns hikerfield bushwalking Geographica world atlas/maps/land/climate around the globe mountain bike the A-Z of two wheels encyclopedia wildlifeanimalsprehistoric animals graphic dinosaur pictorialoutdoor safety car tour survival techniques in the Wild driving adventure剑桥雅思五册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION 2文章 fee 题目 costsupportassistancein other countries anyin countries other than the USA no restrictionassessment learning method transcript, relevant award documentationclass participation, presentation and projects, lecture, seminar, case studies, class workshop first daynew 剑桥雅思五册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION 3文章 题目need require deprivation result deprive found that researchers investigation sleep disturbance whysleep disorder reasonsleep reduction therapyovercome sleep-related problemsregulating the time people go to bed and when lifestyle changes they get up, improve sleep qualityenable the body to rest and replenish, allowing remain mentally and physically healthy time for repairs to take place and for tissue to be regenerated pillman-made product commercialized sleeplessness sleeping habit physical change process sales have increased sleep disorder sleeping pattern change with agefive stages and four cycles repeat more than once various stages movefive stages movement剑桥雅思五册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION 1文章 题目footwear warn official wear shoes it is better marshal every half-hourfrequencycomputer-driven technologicaltravel back through the centuries, travel to the time travel twenty-third century novelbook launch a new science fiction introduction a set of present-day travel series now travelogue robberies look into crime investigate剑桥雅思五册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION 2文章 should exclusive pay 题目advised excluding charge obtainavailableno space for parking broadband Internet recent initiative the academic year privately-owned communal inconvenient for car owners surfing the Web new option a yeardoes not belong to the College not have your own剑桥雅思五册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION 3文章题目the numbers have been falling, decrease in threat population over 2000 species variations in type distribution attraction life-cycle heat every part of the globe attract/touristslife is divided into four distinct stages hot hatch adult life production adulthood liveclear decline causes dampnot unknown decreasing reason wet剑桥雅思六册同义词替换剑桥雅思六册TEST 1 PASSAGE 1 文章题目expertiseskillsa number of sports apply one to others focus on one aim scientific questions 3D/digital camera copy different sports exchange narrow the scope research activity visual image reproducefundfinancechampionship will be eventin the future planpreparedevelop produceslice not improve剑桥雅思六册TEST 1 PASSAGE 2题目文章global economy grow/rise/expand world economy increaseat a compound rate of about twice lose its advantagescompetitive a greater rate not effective effective nearby nations prefergeographic neighborsdisproportionatelydisk-drive computer componentseffectinfluencepurchase rely ondomestic market innovation/inventionkeep a much firmer hand on local supplier introduction reduce剑桥雅思六册TEST 1 PASSAGE 3 文章题目unusual incidents hardships unprecedented events difficulttreeless polar desert that’s covered with snow provisions impactlandscape supplier effect have more credibility and weight knowledge gap/uncertainty get some idea hardships respect understanding limited appreciate problems visit venture intoout of the question survive impossible sustenance rely on by exploit catch4500 years ago environment test them to the limits well adapted descendants harshfor thousands of years surroundings push to their limits not unmanageable present inhabitants struggle a fewa handful ofover the past 40 years abandon in recent years give upwaylifestyledepend mainly on expensiverely heavily oncostly/￡7000 a year 剑桥雅思六册 TEST 2 PASSAGE 1文章题目win/ work spectacular well local pressure far higher commuting time wealthysuccessful people power increase traveling time higher incomes pushing everyone into the city center not a best approach dispersal in population lead to overcrowded center avoidpopulation distribution impacttransportpublic and private system improve the quality of life prefer create a better place to live preference innernot outerbicycle-friendly not specialhigh level of bicycle usage only averagely goodinefficient public transportminimal public transporthardinappropriaterail transport system profitablyrail networkwork spectacular well 剑桥雅思六册 TEST 2 PASSAGE 2题目文章gather datamedical complaintscarry out research medical problems in this age group, associated with old age majorage-related most common falling smaller/fewer and fewer afflict sufferresearchers American scientiststhe United States show confirm accelerating medical increasing medicine development improved play a part increase due to advance improvements contributing surgecause/influence/effect better-educated correlation live longer represent education linklife expectancy showsignificant drop elderly considerable reduction old suggest mean financial burden expectedcostpreviously predicted more independent regular amounts of exerciseprevent mental decline reduce stress lonelinessrise in levels of stressincreasing self-reliance maintaining a level of physical activity help mental functioning lower levels of stress emotionally isolated higher levels of stress 剑桥雅思六册 TEST 2 PASSAGE 3文章题目grow plants and herd animals paramounta sophisticated system limitedfarming necessarya developed system restrictedqualify as a witnessa sense of number fundamental stepnot attachment particular objectsvery first stageis this enoughhow manyrather thanresolve confusion gesture languagelack of abilitydeal with large numbers average fulfill a civic role arithmeticnecessaryseparatephysical objectsearlysufficiencyquantitymore importantprevent misunderstanding body languagenot be able toexpress large numbers generallypoor counting abilitynot the sameoldnot as familiar with numbersdistinctrelicslater newer剑桥雅思六册TEST 3 PASSAGE 1 文章题目14 Boulevard des Capucines in Paris medium for telling storiesbecome locationfocus on stories come to changing speed other cultures actorshappen so quickly American life and values starsbe worth trying shock important reactinitial firstall that mattered at first importantvery early passing of time uncertainbig screenflow of timeIt was by no means obviousmovie剑桥雅思六册TEST 3 PASSAGE 2 文章题目have establishtargetsspecific goalsreceive comments achievablepersonalizeperformancemake rewards contingent on give feedback realistic individuals achievement link rewards totransparent/equitable/equal mobile/leavehighest skills and experience be prone to fair lose more skilled tend toworkers employeesnot well suited to team work manipulated feel independence manipulative perceive participationparticipate earnings disclose less need important promotionjudge sth to be importantremuneration/salary/bonuspublicise/openly communicate/visible less important near the top of their list advancement rate sth very highly 剑桥雅思六册 TEST 3 PASSAGE 3文章 题目researchers note studies show treatment drugs on the market slow human aging findingsavailabledelay the process of growing old scientific evidence eating fewer calories extend human life not many people not attractive shorter liveseat what they wanted less likely to become diabetic reduce chance of heart disease greater quantity of less caloric restrictiondelay aging/increase longevity few mortals harshnot liver longer free-feedingreduce risk for diabetesdecreased likelihood of heart disease not have lower levels minimize the amount generationproduction because possibility/explanation/contribute to emission emit hypothesis because scare in short supply focus onemphasize 剑桥雅思六册 TEST 4 PASSAGE 1文章题目pharmaceutical company offer sb sthdrug companies expect sth from sb$1000 honoraria responsibilityescalating extravagance marketingfinancial incentives responsible increase promotion positive side be not persuaded promotion works marketing techniques criticism tremendous advantage be not influencedaffect what physicians prescribe marketing practices criticize ethical judgmentmoral groundsget the attention of busies doctors in need of use to doctors quick information doctor/nurse watchhealthcare environment clearly visibleTablet bearing a pharmaceutical company’s drug promotion logo/ pen emblazoned with a drug’s name Have every right make a profit legitimate make money剑桥雅思六册 TEST 4 PASSAGE 2题目文章 300000 large numbers of men and women teach adults learnaccept the idea decadesknowfor many years child health maternal literacy investigate children’s chances of survival woman’s ability to read examinevalue its children more highly attitudes to children teaching reading to poor adult women children maternal literacy infant educate learn to read child mortality figureinfant mortality rate remain more or less unchanged work as wellEducation budget stay successfulMoney spent on female education剑桥雅思六册 TEST 4 PASSAGE 3文章 题目 researchcommoneffect survey a quarter oflead to suicide/ make the child feel unworthyand depressedchangenew approach have difficulty relationships in later life decline by 50% anti-bullying campaign important step produce experience difficultiesinterpersonal relationships as adultsbe halvedintervention campaign key step develop clearly quite clear detailed explicitwhat will be doneearly phases of development alone reactearly part of the process on its own not permanent potentialshort-term liable distinguish supervisor recognize the difference supervision剑桥雅思六册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION 1文章题目weekends and nights outside normal working hours speak first general information ask primary point of contact basic information request brief detailsexplain your symptoms or illness your problem moverelocatehave a record of your telephone number new contact details not nilshowreport to sb member look attalk to sbstaff coordinator剑桥雅思六册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION 2文章题目on the basis of every second year applicantsfull-free scholarship half-free scholarship no chargeonnot every year studentspay 100% of the student’s tuition fees 50% of one y ear’s fees no fee formatted floppy disk at any time book floppy disk at all times reserve accessusebe advised to do should剑桥雅思六册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST A SECTION 3文章题目more prosperous/ large total population/ development increased per capita consumptionwater-intensive/consume 70%of the world’s thirsty fresh water improvesuccessful economic reduce charge/cost/incentive/commodity/market cut back on loss/leakwasteenvironment/ecosystem/grass/vegetation/plants natural resourcesfuture grim prospect increase rise rapidly dramatically increasingly growing biggermore increased largertotal population global population charge high prices dramatically increase increase the efficiency application protect price increasesimprove the rate substantially high levels of water-use efficiency use prevent better improved improved interfere worsenaffect add toAfrica, the Middle East and the Mediterranean m any countries 剑桥雅思六册 GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST B SECTION 1文章题目academic staff/education hospital and medical staff higher education self-employment hospitalitygovernment position rural/farm casual work online teachers nursesuniversitystart your own business hoteljobs in public administration agricultural temporary work Internet half-price discount disability wheelchair user a group of accompanyparties of companion。

剑7阅读重点词汇Test1Passage 1prey n. 猎物v. 捕猎obstacle n. 障碍exploit v. 剥削；利用；开发alternative a. 替代的；二选一的n. 替代品make a go of 在...上获得成功nocturnal a. 夜间的ancestry n. 祖先（集合）ancestor n. 祖宗mammal n. 哺乳动物extinction n. 灭绝manoeuvre v. 操纵；控制n. 策略；调动prohibitive a. 禁止的；难以承受的fraction n. 小部分；少量；分数illuminate v. 照亮；阐明weird a. 怪异的uncanny a. 离奇的；难以解释的phantom n. 幻影；幻象a. 虚幻的limb n. 四肢；枝干detection n. 察觉；发觉feat n. 功绩navigation n. 航行sonar n. 声纳zoologist n. 动物学家coin v. 创造（新词）；杜撰（新语）application n. 申请；应用Passage 2entwine v. 缠住；缠绕manipulate v. 操作；控制；巧妙处理remote a. 遥远的；偏远的sophisticated a. 精妙的；复杂的aqueduct n. 导水管；高架渠innovative a. 创新的；革新的layout n. 规划；版面；布局sewer n. 下水道；缝纫者dramatically a. 戏剧地；引人注目地unprecedented a. 空前的；史无前例的hydropower n. 水电keep pace with 并驾齐驱soar v. 高飞；高涨soaring a. 高飞的；高翔的artificial a. 人工的；人造的irrigation n. 灌溉inferior a. 比...差的；下级的；下等的reiterate v. 重申；反复地说sanitation n. 卫生；卫生设施jeopardise v. 危及；危害(= endanger)compensation n. 补偿；赔偿reservior n. 贮水池；储藏处；储备withdrawal n. 收回；撤回；取钱thrive v. 兴盛；繁荣degrade v. 降级；退化aquifer n. 含水土层；蓄水层replenish v. 补充at the outset of 在...的开始、开端priority n. 居先；优先（权）infrastructure n. 基础；基础设施resort n. 凭借；手段v. 求助；诉诸universally adv. 普遍地address v. 处理；向...致辞；n. 地址；致辞pressing a. 紧迫的diminish v. 减小；减损tenfold a. adv. 十倍（的）（地）quadruple a. 四倍的v. 变成四倍conserve v. 保存；保藏account for 说明；占据inflation n. 胀大；通货膨胀peak n. 山顶；顶点v. 到达最高点specification n. 详述；规格；说明书accountability n. 责任；义务；可说明性warrant n. 授权；保证v. 保证；确保imitate v. 效仿；模仿domestic a. 家庭的；国内的；驯养的Passage 3radical a. 根本的；基本的；激进的unconscious a. 不省人事的；无意识的durable a. 持久的；耐用的perceive v. 察觉；感知peripherally adv. 外围地；外面地mannerism n. 风格；习惯auditorium n. 礼堂elusive a. 难懂的；难捉摸的psychodrama n. 心理剧1be attributed to 被归功为counterproductive a. 反效果的fatigue n. 疲乏；劳累curriculum n. 课程variant n. 变量solemnly adv. 严肃地；庄严地dynamics n. 动力学passive a. 被动的expectation n. 期望；期待；展望preliminary a. 预备的；初步的follow-up a. 后续的；追踪的stimulate v. 刺激；激励improvise v. 临时准备dramatisation n. 编剧；戏剧表现distinctive a. 与众不同的；有特色的paraconsciously 超意识地accessible a. 易接近的；可达到的conventional a. 传统的；习俗的hypnosis n. 催眠状态；催眠trance n. 恍惚；出身ceremony n. 典礼；仪式faith healing 信仰疗法ritual n. 仪式；惯例placebo n. 安慰剂acknowledge v. 承认tap v. 开发；轻打n. 水龙头dispense with 免除；省却；无需capsule n. 胶囊；太空舱categoric a. 无条件的；绝对的；直截了当的designated a. 指定的accredited a. 可接受的；可信任的notoriety n. 恶名；声名狼藉emulate v. 效仿；超越spectacular a. 引人入胜的；壮观的associate n. 合伙人；同事v.联系；使连结attribute ... to ... 归因于mediocre a. 普通的mind set 心态；倾向demanding a. 过分要求的；苛求的Test 2Passage 1typhoon n. 台风flimsy a. 脆弱的；易碎的collapse v. 倒塌；瓦解disastrous a. 灾难性的；极坏的topple v. 倾倒；跌倒elevated a．抬高的；升高的flatten v. 把...变平(=level)devastate v. 毁坏unscathed a. 安然无恙的；未受损伤的mystify v. 使...迷惑slender a. 苗条的；瘦长的；微弱的erect v. 竖立；建立；勃起absorber n. 吸收者；减震器dampen v. 使...潮湿；使...沮丧peg n. 钉；桩；栓wedge n. 楔子v. 楔入Buddhism n. 佛教watchtower n. 瞭望塔architecture n. 建筑；建筑学batter v. 打坏；猛击eave n. 屋檐overhang v. 悬于...之上earthenware n. 土器；陶器resilience n. 弹力；回复力flex v. 弯曲startling a. 令人吃惊的suspend v. 悬挂；吊；中止；暂缓stationary a. 固定的pendulum n. 钟摆trial and error 反复试验stack n. 堆；一堆slither v. 滑动；滑行to and fro 来回地；往复地consecutive a. 连续地；连贯地constrained a. 被强迫的；受压制的；勉强的bang v. 重击；发出巨响transmit v. 传输；传送taper v. 变尖；变细n. 锥形successive a. 连续的；继承的vertical a. 垂直的corresponding a. 相应的；通讯的pillar n. 柱子；台柱；栋梁counterpart n. 相对应的人或物；配对物jolt n. v. 摇晃anticipate v. 预期；期望pagoda n. 宝塔religious a. 宗教的；虔诚的Passage 2collateral damage 附带损害enervation n. 削弱；衰弱destruction n. 破坏；毁灭mechanisation n. 机械化fertiliser n. 肥料；受精媒介物pesticide n. 杀虫剂monoculture n. 单一栽培battery rearing 笼养livestock n. 家畜；牲畜genetic engineering 基因工程；遗传工程colossal a. 巨大的；庞大的skylark, partridge, lapwing, corn bunting均为鸟名vanish v. 消失；突然不见hedgerow n. 灌木篱墙landscape n. 风景；地形faecal filth 排泄物；污秽salmon n. 鲑鱼；三文鱼；大马哈鱼loch n. 湖；（狭长的）海湾algae n. 藻类；海藻run-off n. 流失物externality n. 外部因素transaction n. 办理；交易aesthetic a. 美学的；审美的quantify v. 确定数量；量化staggering a. 蹒跚的；摇晃的；令人惊讶的equivalent a. 相当的；相等的n. 等价物arable a. 可耕的；适于耕种的pasture n. 牧地；草原；牧场conservative a. 保守的；守旧的n. 保守派nitrate n. 硝酸盐phosphate n. 磷肥；磷酸盐cryptosporidium [植]小孢子, 小芽胞, 芽体organic a. 器官的；有机的；组织的threefold adv. 三倍purify v. 使...纯净；净化deteriorate v. （使）恶化Passage 3slippery a. 滑的；光滑的handrail n. 栏杆；扶手footbridge n. 人行桥institutionalisation n. 体制化；制度化fluctuate v. 波动；上下起伏motorised vehicle 机动车break down 损坏；倒塌；瓦解wheelbarrow n. 独轮手推车inaccessible a. 无法接近的；不能达到的expenditure n. 支出；花费affordable a. 花费的起的；经受的住的hindered a. 妨碍的；阻碍的Test 3 Passage 1cognition n. 认识；认知repel v. 击退；抵制；拒绝接受channel v. 引导n. 海峡；频道；路线propagate v. 繁殖；传播；宣传embarrassment n. 困窘；难堪；数量过多aphid n. [动物] 蚜虫launch v. 发起；发射；发动；开办ceaselessly adv. 不停地；不断地transmission n. 传送；传播encode v. 编码；译成密码basic instinct 本能sustainable a. 可持续的；可维持的cellulose n. 纤维素cultivate v. 培养；耕种antibiotics n. 抗生素；抗生学fungus (pl. fungi) 真菌类植物diverse a. 不同的；多种多样的domesticate v. 驯养modify v. 更改；修改swap v. n. 交换outstrip v. 超过；超越primitive a. 原始的；基本的；简单的foraging trip 觅食之旅integrate v. 使...成整体；使...一体化bearing n. 方向、方位；关联、关系mobilise v. 使...移动；动员precaution n. 预防；警惕；防范odour n. 气味exhaustive a. 彻底的；相近的convert v. 使...转换；改变信仰n. 皈依者weed-killer n. 除草剂upgrade v. 升级；提升；改良品种agribusiness n. 农业综合企业Passage 2migration n. 迁移；移民long-standing a. 长期存在的conflicting a. 相冲突的；不一致的sound a. 健全的；完善的；合理的objective variant 客观变量interbreed v. 异种交配；杂种繁殖deduce v. 推论；演绎incisor n. 门牙dental specimen 牙齿样本Passage 3heritage n. 遗产；遗留物deterioration n. 变坏；退化；堕落co-ordinate v. 整理；协调Ministerial Conference 部长会议combat v. n. 战斗；搏斗；抗击initial a. 最初的；初始的；首字母的joint action 联合行动confined to 被限制于...Mediterranean n. 地中海a. 地中海的Nordic countries 北欧国家recreational a. 休闲的；娱乐的fulfill v. 履行；实现；完成raw material 原料unrivalled a. 无与伦比的unwind v. 展开；松开dawn n. 黎明；拂晓artificial a. 人工的；人造的exploit v. 开发；开采；剥削vital v. 重大的；至关重要的transcend national frontiers 超越国家界限inevitable a. 不可避免的；必然的unforeseen a. 无法预料的resolution n. 坚定；决心；决议systematisation n. 系统化；组织化surveillance sites 监视点physiology n. 生理学harmonise v. 使...和谐；使...一致exclude v. 拒绝接纳；把...排除在外；排斥renewable a. 可更新的；可恢复的boundary n. 边界；分界线preserve v. 保护；保存monitor v. 监控n. 监视器imbalance n. 不平衡；不均衡acidification n. 酸化compound n. 复合物；混合物v. 混合proposal n. 提议；建议Test 4Passage 1pyramid n. 金字塔kite n. 风筝hieroglyph n. 象形文字；图画文字intrigue v. 激起...的兴趣；引发aeronautics n. 航空学；航空术reckon with 对付；解决；处理harness v. 统治；管理；支配accomplished a. 完成的；熟练的；多才艺的pulley n. 滑轮；滑车artefact n. 人造物品；人工制品sophistication n. 复杂；诡辩debris n. 碎片；残骸foe n. 反对者；敌人resemble v. 类似Passage 2volcanic a. 火山的；暴烈的archipelago n. 群岛commercial a. 商业的；贸易的fishery n. 渔业；水产业；渔场circulate v. （使）流通；（使）循环nourishment n. 食品；营养品predictable a. 可预测的abundance n. 丰富；充裕flourish v. 繁荣；兴盛spawner n. 产卵鱼(虾、蟹等), 已成熟的雌鱼spawn v. 产卵n. 卵ultimately adv. 最后地；最终地ex-vessel value 前船舶价值constitution n. 宪法；章程；惯例mandate v. 命令；要求in excess of 超过；较...多put a halt 停止；终止commission v. 委托；委任n. 代理权；佣金contend v. 主张；争论；斗争；竞争Passage 3plausible a. 似是而非的bursts of noise 迸发的噪音disruptive a. 破坏性的；分裂性的control subjects 参照组；对照组decline v. 下降interfere with 妨碍；干涉；干扰tune out 隔绝；关掉chronic a. 慢性的；长期的intrusion n. 闯入；侵扰space v. 留间隔；隔开random intervals 随机区间；杂乱间隔proofread v. 校正；校对transient a. 短暂的；暂时的distract v. 分散（注意力）；转移distractible a. 易于分心的；不专心的distractibility n. 注意力不集中；易分心。

名师：雅思阅读同义词替换（一）1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)865.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive),absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneousgroups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often 100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)。

pdf《剑桥雅思1-16》雅思同义词替换汇总剑桥雅思考试教材是备考雅思的必备资源之一，其中包含了1至16册的练习册。

在雅思考试中，提高同义词替换的能力对于理解文章和提升阅读成绩至关重要。

本文将为您汇总《剑桥雅思1-16》中常见的同义词替换，帮助您更好地备考雅思阅读。

1. 地点替换在《剑桥雅思1-16》中，地点常常会使用同义词替换，以增加文章的多样性。

下面是一些常见的地点替换列表：- city/town: urban area, metropolis, municipality- school/university: educational institution, academic center, learning center- restaurant: eatery, dining establishment, food joint- park: recreational area, green space, public garden2. 时间替换同义词替换在时间概念上也经常出现。

以下是一些常见的时间替换示例：- morning: dawn, daybreak, sunrise- afternoon: midday, noon, daytime- evening: dusk, sundown, twilight- night: nighttime, darkness, evening hours3. 人物替换合理运用同义词替换可以使文章更加丰富，人物名词也是常见的替换对象。

以下是几个常见的人物替换示例：- teacher: instructor, educator, tutor- student: learner, pupil, trainee- doctor: physician, medical practitioner, healthcare professional- parent: guardian, caretaker, family member4. 动词替换为了增加文章的多样性，动词也可以通过同义词替换进行变换。

【雅思】揭秘雅思阅读中的同义替换原则虽然雅思考试的难度在逐年提升，但雅思作为一个语言考试有一个鲜明的特点是不会变的，这就是“同义替换”。

同义替换不仅是雅思阅读的核心考点，更是阅读做题的基本原则和方法，这一点同样是不会变的，所以从这个角度来讲，雅思阅读更像是在做配对题。

管它题型五花八门，眼花缭乱，只要配得上，就是好答案。

本文就来告诉你或许没注意到的同义替换，助你顺利屠鸭。

一，同义替换不等同于同义词词语之间的同义替换最为常见，在剑桥真题里的例子也比比皆是，但若把它简单理解为同义词，只要去背同义词词典就能解决的话，那考试时就要吃苦头了。

其实雅思阅读题目和文章正越来越融合，而且靠死抠单词意思，一个单词一个单词地去读文章本来就不是正确的阅读方法。

因此，雅思阅读的同义替换并不等于同义词，那究竟是什么呢？其实，雅思对单词的意思并不那么斤斤计较，只要是一个方向上的词义，都可以被接纳为一伙的。

比如increase, raise表示上升，expand表示扩大，develop表示发展，应该不会有哪本同义词词典把它们放到一块儿去，但由于它们都表示事物的上升状态，因此在雅思阅读里烤鸭们看到这些词，可以把它们理解为有相似的意思。

阅读中表示事物上升，扩大，增加，发展的词还有诸如：advance, grow, progress, surge, increment, accelerate, swell, lift, escalate, higher, prolong, extend, raise, spread（延伸，扩展）, enlarge（放大）, boom, boost, soar, climb, promote, promo tion, heighten, strengthen, build up, evolve, enhance（加强）等。

其实，有些英语单词尽管在中文的具体意思上是一致的，但它们所表达其实却大相径庭，南辕北撤。

Cambridge同义词替换大全(剑桥4-8)Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24.good vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of theland, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的，根本的adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛;大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察v.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的adj.7.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on acomputer文件n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different fromeach other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引，使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源，来源n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28.react=respond 反应v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.34.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etcand form a solid layer 积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found 建造v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30.consciousness=awareness 意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant 遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出，产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Cambridge6 TEST41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.12.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.cation=literacy=cultivation 教育n.14.child=infant=kid 孩子n.15.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project 项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.19.be halved=decline by 50% 减半20.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.22.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.23.on its own=alone 自身24.however=but=yet 但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.27.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.Cambridge7 TEST11.rely on=depend on 依靠v.2.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.3.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.4.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.5.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.。

雅思阅读常见替换词雅思阅读中常见的词汇替换主要包括以下方面：1. 数字替换：- one, two, three, ... --> 1, 2, 3, ...- first, second, third, ... --> 1st, 2nd, 3rd, ...- a few, several --> some- many, numerous --> a large/great number of, a significant amount of- majority --> most2. 同义词/相似词替换：- come, arrive --> reach, get to- use, employ, utilize --> make use of, take advantage of- see, view, witness --> observe, look at- important, significant --> crucial, essential- good, positive --> beneficial, advantageous- bad, negative --> harmful, detrimental- big, large --> huge, massive- small, little --> tiny, miniature3. 形容词/副词替换：- interesting --> fascinating, engaging- difficult --> challenging, complex- easy --> simple, effortless- fast --> rapid, speedy- slow --> gradual, leisurely- big --> substantial, considerable- small --> modest, minimal4. 动词替换：- increase --> rise, grow, expand- decrease --> decline, reduce, shrink- give --> provide, offer, supply- show --> demonstrate, illustrate- explain --> clarify, elaborate- understand --> comprehend, grasp- know --> be aware of, have knowledge of5. 名词替换：- problem, issue --> challenge, difficulty- reason --> cause, factor- result --> outcome, consequence- advantage --> benefit, merit- disadvantage --> drawback, downside- solution --> remedy, resolution以上仅为一些常见的雅思阅读词汇替换示例，考生在备考过程中还需要进行更多的积累和练习，以熟练掌握不同词汇替换的方法和技巧。

Cambridge4 TEST11.ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视v.2.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.3.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.4.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.5.change=modify(modification) 改变v.6.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.7.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.8.where=geographical location 表地点9.important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.10.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.11.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.12.newspapers, television=media媒体n.13.where to live=habitat居住地n.14.get warmer=global warming变暖n.15.contribute to=play a part有助于v.16.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.22.mating=courtship交配.23.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.24.goo d vision ability=vision is obviously more useful…好的视力25.best=well=greatest=finest=ideal= top= number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.26.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.27.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.28.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.29.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST21.initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be theperson who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.2.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.4.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.6.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.munity=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.9.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do nogood=fall through失败v.10.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.11.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.12.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.13.differ from=unusual与…不同v.14.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.15.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.16.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个17.therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.18.retrain=taking courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.26.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的adj.27.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.28.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随29.mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的adj.30.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.31.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少n.32.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.33.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习n.34.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social classetc同伴n.35.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.36.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.37.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助v.38.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境n.41.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST31.quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.2.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example ofsomething 例证v.3.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.4.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述v.5.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的n.6.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebodyinto=put somebody up to鼓励v.7.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款n.8.poverty= being poor贫穷n.9.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪n.10.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝v.11.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣v.12.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员n.13.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.14.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerfuletc.有志向的，雄心壮志的adj.16.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力n.17.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of theland, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点n.18.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球n.19.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的adj.20.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械n.21.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in thefuture= final最终的，根本的adj.22.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛;大气n.23.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.24.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.25.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式n.26.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现v.27.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射n.28.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况n.29.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.30.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生v.31.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的adj.32.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that isconvenient 方便的adj.33.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的adj.34.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查35.observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察v.ment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论37.include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括v.38.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于v.39.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响v.40.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于…. V.41.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST41.official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的adj.2.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.3.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的adj.4.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发5.recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.6.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short不足的adj.7.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=bederived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长v.8.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够v.9.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测v.10.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家n.11.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of theideas or practical experience理论的adj.12.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=low-tech基本的adj.13.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然n.14.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的n.15.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.16.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的adj.17.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true to life=vivid实际的，现实的18.field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域n.19.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on acomputer文件n.20.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的adj.21.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响n.22.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为n.pare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different fromeach other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较v.24.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.25.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织v.26.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的adj.27.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn fromexperience意识到v.28.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制29.produce=form=create=generate生产v.30.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证v.31.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由n.32.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立n.33.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used toshow approval持续的adj.34.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think thatsomeone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估v.35.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST11.produce=develop=manufacture生产v.2.central=middle中心的adj.3.did not have=without没有v.4.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来v.5.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限n.6.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加7.assistant=helper=coach 助手n.8.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的adj.9.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示v.10.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语n.11.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.12.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者n.13.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物n.14.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点15.cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.16.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予v.17.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定n.18.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.19.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约n.20.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予v.21.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremelyinteresting吸引，使着迷v.22.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰v.23.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待v.24.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学n.25.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by thebook/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.26.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.27.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性n.28.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生v.29.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地adv.30.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between goodand evil 道德上的，与道德有关的adj.31.prior to=before=previous在…前面32.repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复n.33.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的adj.34.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲v.35.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者n.36.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造v.37.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服v.38.surrender=give in 投降，放弃v.39.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的adj.40.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的adj.41.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大v.42.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that isstudied because it is difficult to understand 现象n.43.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法n.44.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想n.45.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.46.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解v.47.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理v.48.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering thefacts=instinct 直觉n.49.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.50.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.51.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟v.52.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的adj.53.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的adj.54.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST21.similar=like=resemble相似的adj.2.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源v.3.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力n.4.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生v.5.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随v.6.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素n.7.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的adj.8.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步n.9.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域n.10.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物n.11.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如12.resource=material=source资源，来源n.13.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.14.involve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉v.15.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.16.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.17.draw on=absorb=do with吸收v.18.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定v.19.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势n.20.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.21.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点n.22.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能n.23.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与…有关联v.24.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.25.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的adj.26.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作n.27.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地adv.28.react=respond 反应v.29.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与…有关系v.30.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点n.31.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to reportsomething in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲v.32.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出v.33.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计v.34.emerge=appear=come forth出现v.35.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持v.36.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.37.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育v.38.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒v.39.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的adj.40.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是adv.Cambridge5 TEST31.outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果n.2.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜v.3.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的adj.4.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供v.unch=release=project=send=shot=emit 开始，投放v.6.suppose=expect=imagine=guess=speculate=think猜想，设想v.7.detect=perceive=explore=sense发觉，觉察v.8.handicap=difficult=obstacle=hindrance=bar=deterrent 障碍，困难n.9.peer=the people who are at the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc.同龄人，伙伴n.10.positive=optimistic=uplifting 积极的adj.11.administer=manage=conduct=implement=perform执行，管理v.12.funding=money=funds=financial resource 资金，基金n.13.interact=if people interact with each other, they talk to each other, work together etc. 互动v.14.irrigation=the supplement of land or crops with water 灌溉n.15.sedimentation=the natural process by which small pieces of rock, earth etc settle at the bottom of the sea etcand form a solid layer 积淀n.16.interrupt=break=violate=cut in打断，打扰v.17.process=procedure=method=approach过程n.18.threat=danger=intimidation 威胁n.19.valuable=precious=worthy宝贵的，珍贵的adj.20.construct=build=make=found 建造v.21.blame=to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad责备，怪罪v.22.stimulate=encourage=activate=motivate鼓励，刺激v.23.long-term=long-run=long-period长期的adj.24.impact=affect=influence=effect影响v.&n.25.occur=happen=exist=come发生v.26.contain=include=cover=possess 包含v.itary=battlefield=martial军事的adj.28.separate=disparate=distinct=different分开的，不同的adj.29.vanish=extinct=disappear 消失v.30.consciousness=awareness 意识n.31.ignite=light=inflame点燃v.32.encompass=include=contain=cover包含，围绕v.33.reckon=think=suppose=believe=imagine=expect=feel认为v.34.widespread=universal=extensive=popular=general广泛的，普遍的adj.unch=coin=project=release=issue创新，开辟v.36.contemporary=modern-day, present-day同时代的adj.37.potential=possible=underlying=likely=expected=latent 潜在的，可能的adj.38.prospect=expectation=outlook=chance展望，希望n.39.perception=idea=insight=viewpoint感觉，领悟n.Cambridge5 TEST4munity=organization=group=body团体n.2.fragile=delicate脆弱的adj.3.remote=distant 遥远的adj.4.require=desire=order=command要求v.5.inhabitant=resident=dweller居住者，居民n.6.consequently=thus=accordingly=hence=therefore=as a result 结果，因此adv.7.destination=goal=end point=terminus目的地n.8.throughout=around=wholly=everywhere=end-to-end自始至终，到处，全部adv.9.operate=act=run运转v.10.output=product输出，产品n.11.decline=reduction=fall=slump=decrease=recession 下降n.12.undermine=destroy=damage=hurt=ruin 破坏v.13.revive=renaissance复兴v.14.unusual=rare=strange=uncommon罕见的，不寻常的adj.15.ordinary=standard=common=usual=general普通的,平常的adj.16.fragment=shard=debris=pieces=ruins碎片n.17.break=shatter=crack打碎，打破v.18.interior=inner layer=inside 内部的n. &adj.19.insist=claim=argue=believe=think坚持，坚称v.20.expand=extend=grow=boom=spread out=enhance扩张，扩大v.21.suppress=control=restrain=repress=put down=oppress=inhibit=ban=forbid=stifle 压制v.22.speed up=increase speed=quicken up=accelerate speed加速v.23.examine=analyse=survey=inspect=study=detect=investigate检查，调查v.24.dispute=debate=controversy=disagree=argue争论，争执n.&v.25.detect=analyse=explore=research=survey=investigate=inspect 察觉，发现v.26.claim=say=state=insist=argue=think=believe声称v.27.cue=implication=reminder=hint=evidence提示，信号，暗号n.28.unpredictable=fluctuate=changeable无法预测的adj.29.be referred to as=be known as=be regarded as 被称为30.encourage=induce=trigger=stimulate=boost=inspire鼓励，促使v.31.considerable=plenty=big=major=important数量可观的adj.32.regardless of=despite of=take no notice of 不管，不顾33.adequate=plenty=proper=appropriate=suitable充足的,适当的adj.34.assure=make sure=guarantee=ensure=insure=secure=make certain of保证，确保v.35.suitable=appropriate=proper=adequate=matching 合适的adj.Cambridge6 TEST11.exchange=apply something learned in one to others=change 交流v.2.expertise=skill 专门技术n.3.employ=analyze=study 使用v.4.investigation=analysis 调查n.5.narrow=focus on 缩小范围v.6.reproduce=copy=replicate=repeat 复制v.7.funded support=finance 资金n.8.athlete=sportsmen and women 运动员n.9.calculate=measure 计算v.10.event=championship 赛事n.11.plan=prepare=design 计划v.12.improve=grow=get better 进步v.13.trade=economy 贸易n.14.transport=import or export=deliver 运输v.15.local=domestic=native=indigenous 当地的adj.16.weakening=less=reduced=decreased 下降的adj.17.value=worth=price=credit=use=benefit=profit 价值n.18.delivery=export or import 运输n.19.nearby nations=geographic neighbours 近邻n.20.international=ocean=global=worldwide 国际的adj.21.shipping=freight 船运n.22.cargo=freight=goods 货物n.23.tariff=charge=fee=tax 税费n.ndscape=environment=nature=surrounding=circumstance=view风景n.25.difficult=harsh=demanding=tough=challenging 困难的adj.26.essential supplies=food and clothing=necessities 必需品n.27.supply=provision=support 供给n.28.grow=increase=rise=improve=go up=boost=expand=extend 增长v.29.respect=credibility=weight=hour=admiration=consideration尊重n.30.understanding=knowledge 了解n.31.well-being=health 健康n.32.impossible=out of the question=unlikely 不可能adj.33.catch=exploit=capture 抓捕v.34.surrounding=environment=circumstance 环境n.35.push to one's limits=test one's limits 挑战极限36.not unmanageable=can cope with 能处理的37.present inhabitant=descendant 居民38.give up=abandon 放弃39.mainly=heavily=most 主要地40.visit=venture 参观Cambridge6 TEST21.successfully=spectacularly well=wonderfully 成功地adv.2.people power=local pressure groups 群众力量n.mute=travel 通勤v.4.higher=increasing=more 更高的adj.5.income=wealth=salary=wage=payment 收入n.6.beneficial=valuable=profitable=good 有益的adj.7.together=face to face 共同8.refute=not mean=rebut=deny 反驳v.9.accommodation=live=living condition 住宿n.age=use=benefit=profit 用处n.11.averagely good=reasonable but not special 较好的12.limited=minimal 有限的adj.13.move from one to another=adopt one over another 转移14.show=reveal=uncover=indicate=point out=imply 表明15.related=associated 有关联的adj.16.suffer=be afflicted 忍受（病痛）v.17.research=study=investigation=survey 研究n.18.affect=afflict=influence=change 影响v.19.disease=medical complain=illness 病痛n.20.increase=surge=rise=gain=grow=go up=add=escalate 上升v.21.link=correlation=connection=relationship 关系n.22.considerable=significant=substantial=massive=marked大量的adj.23.reduction=drop=concession=fall=decrease 下降n.24.elderly people=old people 老人n.25.independent=self-reliant 自立的adj.26.regular=daily 定期的adj.27.exercise=physical activity 运动n.28.challenging=difficult=tough=demanding 有挑战性的adj.29.decline=deteriorate=reduce=drop=decrease 下降v.30.lonely=emotionally isolated 孤独的adj.31.hand signal=gesture=body language 手势n.32.restricted=limited 有限的adj.33.concept=abstract idea=definition 定义n.34.specific=particular=detailed 特定的adj.35.early=older 早期的adj.36.fulfill=qualify=achieve=keep=satisfy 完成v.37.sufficient=enough 足够的adj.38.quantity=how many=amount 数量n.39.misunderstanding=confusion 误解n.40.prevent=resolve=forbid=stop 防止v.41.poor=lack of=impoverished 贫穷adj.42.newer=later=recent=present 新的adj.43.ancestor=early people=predecessor 祖先n.Cambridge6 TEST31.teach=educate=cultivate=nature 教育v.2.actor=star 演员n.3.first=initial=early=primary 最早的adj.4.storyline=narrative=plot 故事情节n.5.globe=world 世界n.6.early=first=ancient 早期的adj.7.passing of time=flow of time 时光的流逝8.describe=tell 描述v.9.realistic=achievable 现实的adj.10.target=goal=aim 目标n.11.feedback=comment=advice=criticism 反馈n.12.match to=suit to 合适13.reward=promotion or advancement=prize=benefit 奖励n.14.link to=make something contingent on=associate with=connect with=relate to 联系起来15.achievement=attainment=gain=success 成就n.16.remuneration=payment 酬金n.17.tend to=prone to 倾向于18.feel=perceive=think=find=experience=notice=have an opinion 感觉v.19.participate=be involved in=take part in=join 参加v.20.staff=employee=worker 员工n.21.visible=disclosed=obvious=noticeable 可见的adj.22.clerical worker=clerk 书记员n.23.judge=rate=criticize=assess=evaluate=gauge=appraise 评判v.24.job=work=assignment 工作n.25.delay=slow=prolong=postpone=procrastinate=shelve=put off延后v.26.growing old=ageing 变老27.people=mortal=people=individual 人n.28.life=lifespan 生命29.chance=likelihood=fortune=hope=possibility=opportunity=risk=luck 机会n.30.production=generation=output 产量n.31.theory=hypothesis=guess=guesswork 猜想n.32.focus on=emphasize=aim at=concentrate on 集中于33.short=scarce=limited=insufficient 短缺的adj.Cambridge6 TEST41.drug company=pharmaceutical company 医药公司n.2.promotion=marketing 营销n.3.increase=escalate=rise=go up=grow 上升v.4.research=study=survey=investigation 研究n.5.work=be an effective way=be useful=help=achieve=succeed=have an effect=happen=turn out 奏效v.6.technique=strategy=skill=expertise=method=way 技术n.7.criticism=judgement=skepticism=disapproval=denunciation 批评n.8.moral=ethical 道德的adj.9.legitimate=have every right to do=legal=right=authorized 合法的adj.10.money=profit=benefit=income=currency 钱n.11.adults=men and women 成人n.12.maternal=mother=female 母亲的adj.cation=literacy=cultivation 教育n.14.child=infant=kid 孩子n.15.approximately=about=around=nearly 大约adv.16.impressive=greatest=touching=unforgettable 印象深刻的adj.17.programme=campaign=project 项目n.mon=persistent=normal=usual=ordinary=everyday 常见的adj.19.be halved=decline by 50% 减半20.key=most important=crucial=critical=significant 关键的adj.21.produce=develop=generate=engineer=manufacture 生产v.22.detailed=explicit=specific 细节的adj.23.on its own=alone 自身24.however=but=yet 但是25.self-confidence=assertiveness=confidence 自信n.26.effective=useful=beneficial=good=needed 有效的adj.27.distinguish=recognize the difference=differentiate 区别v.Cambridge7 TEST11.rely on=depend on 依靠v.2.avoid=stay away=keep away=steer clear of=make a detour 避免v.3.die out=extinct=disappear=no longer exist 灭绝v.4.hunt=search for=look for=try to find=in search of 打猎v.5.limb=arm or leg=body=organ 四肢n.6.perceive=sense=see=spot=become aware of=observe 感知，感觉v.7.calculate=measure=work out=figure=estimate=access 计算v.8.detection=finding=observation 探测n.9.coin=invent=make=create=come up with 发明，创造v.10.inaccurate=incorrect=wrong=misleading 不精确的adj.11.revision=change=shift=reform=alteration 改进n.12.downward=fall=drop=downhill 下降的adj.。