上海市金山中学2017_2018学年高一生命科学下学期期中试题201809100283

高一下学期生物期中考试试卷含答案高一第二学期期中考试生物试题分值100分时间90分钟一、单选题（本大题共35小题，1-20每小题1分,21-35每小题2分，共50分）1.遗传学的奠基人孟德尔之所以在研究遗传规律时获得了巨大成功，关键在于他在实验的过程中选择了正确的方法．下面各项中，除哪一项外均是他获得成功的重要原因（）A.先只针对一对相对性状的遗传规律进行研究，然后再研究多对性状的遗传规律B.选择了严格自花受粉的豌豆作为实验材料C.选择了多种植物作为实验材料，做了大量的实验D.应用了统计学的方法对结果进行统计分析2.下列有关推理不正确的是（）A.后代全为显性，则双亲必为显性纯合子B.隐性性状的个体是纯合子C.显性个体的基因型难以确定D.隐性个体的显性亲本必为杂合子3.以下有关孟德尔一对相对性状杂交实验的说法中精确的是（）①豌豆是自花传粉植物，实验进程免除了人工授粉的麻烦②解释实验现象时，提出的“假说”是：F1产生配子时，成对的遗传因子分离③解释性状分离现象的“演绎”过程是：若F1产生配子时，成对的遗传因子分离，则测交后代出现两种表现型，且比例接近1︰1④“豌豆在自然状态下一般是纯种”属于孟德尔假说的内容A.①③④B.②③C.②④D.①②4.南瓜果实的黄色和白色是由一对等位基因（A和a）控制的，用一株黄色果实南瓜和一株白色果实南瓜杂交，子代（F1）既有黄色果实南瓜也有白色果实南瓜，让F1自交产生的F2的表现型如图所示，下列说法不正确的是（）1A.由①②可知黄果是隐性性状B.由③可以判定白果是显性性状C. F2中，黄果与白果的理论比例是5：3D. P中白果的基因型是aa5.在“性状分离比的模拟”实验中，有人在两个小桶中分别放了10个、50个玻璃球．下列对他这种做法的评价，你认为正确的是（）A.会影响配子出现的几率，从而招致成效误差B.两个桶中玻璃球数量不同，会影响实验结果C.玻璃球数量少的桶代表雄性生殖器官D.玻璃球数量多的桶代表雄性生殖器官6.在孟德尔关于两对相对性状独立遗传的实验中，F2代中能稳定遗传的个体和重组型个体所占的比例（）A.和B.和C.和D.和7.能证明基因与染色体之间存在平行关系的实验是()A.摩尔根的果蝇杂交实验B.孟德尔的具有一对相对性状的豌豆杂交实验C.细胞的全能性实验D.孟德尔的具有两对相对性状的豌豆杂交实验8.某高等植物只有当A、B两显性基因共同存在时，才开红花，两对等位基因独立遗传，一株红花植株与aaBb杂交，子代中有开红花；若此红花植株自交，其红花后代中杂合子所占比例为（）A.B.C.2D.9.基因型为Aa的玉米自花传粉，如图中可以表示自交系第n代的个体中纯合体的几率是（）A. aB. bC. cD. d10.要判断某一白羊（白色对黑色是显性）是不是纯合子，最好的方法是（）A.让其与杂合体交配C.让其与隐性类型交配B.让其与纯合体交配D.让其与显性类型交配11.依次解决①--④中的遗传问题可采用的方法是（）①鉴定一只白羊是否是纯种②在一对相对性状中辨别显隐性③不断进步小麦抗病种类的纯度④检验杂种F1基因型．A.测交、杂交、自交、测交C.杂交、测交、杂交、自交B.杂交、自交、测交、测交D.杂交、杂交、杂交、测交12.番茄的红果（R）对黄果（r）为显性，子房多室（M）对子房二室（m）为显性，现将红果多室和红果二室番茄进行杂交，其后代表现型及比例以下图，据此分析：两亲本的遗传因子组成是（）A. RrMm、RrmmC. RRMm、RrmmB. RrMm、RRmmD. RRMM、RRmm313.某种鼠的体色有三种：黄色、青色、灰色，受两对独立遗传的等位基因（A、a和B、b）控制．A_B_表现为青色，A_bb表现为灰色，aa__表现为黄色（约50%黄色个体会因黄色素在体内积累过多死亡）．让灰色鼠与黄色鼠杂交，F 1全为青色，理论上F2存活个体中青色鼠所占的比例是（）A.B.C.D.14.如图为某动物体内细胞分裂的一组图象，则有关叙述正确的是（）A.上述①②③细胞中染色体与DNA比例为1：2B.细胞①②③⑤产生的子细胞中均有同源染色体C.上图中表示有丝分裂的细胞及分裂的顺序是③→②→①D.④细胞分裂前，细胞中染色体与核DNA分子数目比例为1：215.关于图中细胞的叙述，正确的是（）A.含2对同源染色体C.含2对等位基因B.含1对同源染色体D.含1个四分体16.从显微镜下看到一个正在分裂的动物细胞，以下图，则此动物的低级卵母细胞中，四分体数、染色单体数、核DNA份子数，染色体数顺次是（）A. 3，6，6，6B. 3，12，12，6C. 3，6，6，12D. 3，12，12，12417.基因的自在组合定律发生于图中哪一个进程（）A.①②③④18.下列关于观察减数分裂实验的叙述中，错误的是（）A.可用蝗虫卵母细胞、蚕豆花粉母细胞的固定装片观察减数分裂B.用桃花的雄蕊比用桃花的雌蕊制成的装片中，简单观察到减数分裂现象C.能观察到减数分裂现象的装片中，可能观察到同源染色体联会现象D.用洋葱根尖制成装片，能观察同源染色体联会现象B.①②③C.②③D.①19.在观察蝗虫精原细胞减数分裂固定装片时，区分初级精母细胞和次级精母细胞的主要依据是( )A.染色体的组成成分C.有无同源染色体B.染色体是否存在染色单体D.细胞是否均等分裂20.下列最适合观察减数分裂的材料是( )A.蝗虫的精巢B.蝗虫的卵巢C.蝗虫的体细胞D.蝗虫的受精卵21.对下列细胞分裂的相关图像分析正确的是( )A. b、c细胞四分体数均为二B. a、b细胞染色体数不同，染色单体数相同C. b、d细胞可出现于同一器官中D. c、d细胞染色体数相同，DNA数目相同522.下列曲线表示减数分裂过程中DNA含量变化的是( )A.B.C.D.23.对于进行有性生殖的生物来说，维持生物前后代体细胞中染色体数目恒定的生理作用是( )A.有丝分裂和无丝分裂C.无丝分裂和减数分裂B.减数分裂和受精感化D.细胞分裂和细胞分化24.1952年赫尔希和蔡斯利用放射性同位素标记技术，进行了“噬菌体侵染细菌的实验”．下列相关叙述正确的是（）A.用32P和35S分别标记噬菌体的蛋白质和DNAB.用S标志噬菌体，侵染、离心后，S主要存在于沉淀物中C.合成子代噬菌体的蛋白质所需原料和能量均由细菌提供D.该实考证实了DNA是主要的遗传物质25.如果用3H、15N、32P、35S标志噬菌体后，让其侵染细菌，在发生子代噬菌体的组成结构身分中，能够找到的放射性元素是（）A.可在外壳中找到3H、15N和32PC.可在外壳中找到15N、32P和35SB.可在DNA中找到3H、15N和32PD.可在DNA中找到15N、32P和35S353526.有关DNA结构特点的叙述，正确的是（）A. DNA单链上相邻碱基以氢键连接B. DNA份子中特定的核苷酸序列代表了遗传息C. DNA分子具有多样性的主要原因是由于碱基配对方式的不同D.双链DNA分子中，某一段链上若含有20个腺嘌呤，就一定会同时含有20个尿嘧啶27.以下有关染色体、DNA、基因、脱氧核苷酸的说法，不精确的是（）A.基因一定位于染色体上B.核基因在染色体上呈线性排列C.一条染色体上含有1个或2个DNA分子D.四种脱氧核苷酸的数目和排列按次决定了基因的多样性和特异性6.用P标记玉米体细胞（含20条染色体）的DNA分子双链，再将这些细胞转入不含P的培养基中培养，在第二次细胞分裂完成后，一个细胞中被P标记的染色体条数是（）A. 10B. 20C. 0～20D. 403229.在生物实验室内模拟生物体DNA复制所必需的条件是（）①酶类②游离四种脱氧核苷酸③ATP④DNA分子⑤mRNA⑥tRNA⑦适宜的温度⑧适宜的pH值．A.①②③④⑤⑥C.①②③⑤⑦⑧B.②③④⑤⑥⑦D.①②③④⑦⑧30.某双链DNA分子中含有胞嘧啶碱基600个，若该DNA分子连续复制三次，则在第三次复制过程中，需要从环境中获得游离的鸟嘌呤脱氧核苷酸数为( )A. 600个B. 1 800个C. 2 400个D. 4 200个31.已知果蝇基因B和b分别决定灰身和黑身，基因W和w分别决定红眼和白眼。

上海市金山区重点名校2017-2018学年高一下学期期末达标检测生物试题一、选择题（本题包括30个小题，每小题2分，共60分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意） 1．双亲正常但生出了一个染色体组成为44+XXY 的孩子，下列关于此现象的分析，正确的是（ ） A ．若孩子患色盲，出现的异常配子不一定为母亲产生的卵细胞B ．若孩子不患色盲，出现的异常配子一定为父亲产生的精子C ．正常双亲的性原细胞有丝分裂增殖时，细胞中含有23个四分体D ．若该孩子长大后能产生配子，则其产生含X 染色体配子的概率是5/6【答案】D【解析】【分析】根据题意可知：双亲正常，生出了一个染色体组成为44+XXY 的孩子，则双亲提供的精子和卵细胞组合可能是：（1）22+Y 和22+XX 。

即卵细胞异常。

由于不能确定两条X 是否是同源染色体，因此可能是减一同源染色体未分离或减二后期时着丝点未分裂；（2）22+XY 和22+X 。

即精子异常。

说明是减数第一次分裂后期时，同源染色体未分离。

【详解】A 、如果孩子患色盲，则孩子的基因型为X b X b Y ，根据色盲的遗传方式，该致病基因只能来自母亲，则出现异常配子一定为母亲产生的卵细胞，A 错误；B 、根据题意分析可知：双亲正常，生出一个不患色盲且染色体组成为44+XXY 的孩子，则该孩子的性染色体组成是X B X b Y 或X B X B Y 。

因此出现异常的配子可能为母亲产生的卵细胞（X B X b 或X B X B ），也可能为父亲产生的精子（X B Y ），B 错误；C 、四分体出现在减数第一次分裂前期，而正常双亲性原细胞进行有丝分裂增殖时不会出现四分体，C 错误；D 、性染色体组成为XXY 的个体，为方便研究，将其记为X 1X 2Y ，产生的配子组合为：X 1+X 2Y 、X 2+X 1Y 、X 1X 2+Y 。

因此，出现含X 染色体配子的概率是5/6，D 正确。

故选D 。

【点睛】本题考查了减数分裂、染色体变异以及伴性遗传的相关知识。

金山区2017学年第二学期质量监控生命科学试卷考生注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括两部分，第一部分全部为选择题，第二部分为综合分析题，包括填空题、选择题和简答题等题型。

3．考生应用2B铅笔、钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在答题纸上。

一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个答案。

）1.糖类、脂类和蛋白质在人体代谢中共有的代谢终产物是A．二氧化碳、丙酮酸B．二氧化碳、水C．水、尿素D．二氧化碳、尿素2.如图1 所示：甲中①②表示物镜与载玻片之间的距离，乙和丙分别表示不同物镜下观察到的图像。

下列描述正确的是A．在让物镜与载玻片距离①时可调节粗调节器使物像更清晰，观察到的是乙B．在让物镜与载玻片距离②时可调节细调节器使物像更清晰，观察到的是丙C．在让物镜与载玻片距离②时只能调粗调节器使物像更清晰，观察到的是乙D．在让物镜与载玻片距离①时只能调细调节器使物像更清晰，观察到的是丙3.下列关于乳酸菌和酵母菌的叙述，正确的是A．都具有细胞核这一结构B．都只具有拟核结构C．都能在核糖体上合成蛋白质D．都只能进行无氧呼吸4.如图2所示a、b分别为两种细胞器的部分结构示意图，其中分析正确的是A．图2中a表示线粒体，其内膜上可完成三羧酸循环B．图2中b表示叶绿体，其内膜上分布着叶绿体色素C．图2中b表示叶绿体，其基质中可完成卡尔文循环D．图2中a表示线粒体，其基质中可完成糖酵解过程5.在紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞的失水和吸水实验中，显微镜下可依次观察到图3所示的甲、乙、丙三种细胞状态。

下列有关B/A（%）值的叙述正确的是（B 表示原生质长度；A表示细胞长度）A．由甲到乙，B/A(%)值变大B．由乙到丙，B/A(%)值变小C．甲乙丙中，B/A(%)值最大的是乙D．甲乙丙中，B/A(%)值最大的是丙6.将A、B两种物质混合，T1时加入酶C。

图4 为最适温度下A、B 两种物质浓度的变化曲线。

金山中学2018学年度第二学期高一年级生命科学期末考试试卷（合格考）(考试时间：60分钟满分：100分）答题提示：选择题和简答题均在答题纸上作答，务必准确填涂个人信息！一、选择题（共80分，每小题2分）1.“朴雪”乳酸亚铁口服液可以有效地治疗人类缺铁性贫血症，这是因为其中的Fe2+进入人体后能调节血液的酸碱平衡 B.直接调节细胞代谢c.参与红细胞血红蛋白的形成 D.促进更多红细胞的产生2. 图1中虚线框表示各氨基酸的某些基团，其中可以发生脱水缩合形成肽键的是A. ①和③B.②和③C.①和④D. ②和④3.DNA的基本组成单位是A.核糖核苷酸B.脱氧核苷酸C.含氮的碱基D.脱氧核糖4.在“观察蚕豆叶下表皮”实验中，低倍镜视野下观测到保卫细胞位于视野右角，欲在高倍镜视一步清晰观察该细胞，下列操作过程中错误的是A.移动载玻片B.换为低倍镜C.换为高倍镜D.调节细调节器5.下列哪一项实验处理没有显色反应A.用碘液处理淀粉B.用班氏试剂处理葡萄糖（煮沸）C.用双缩脲试剂处理蛋白质D.用碘液处理麦芽糖6.图2是细胞膜的亚显微结构模式图，①〜③表示构成细胞膜的物质。

下列有关叙述中错误的是A.①表示多糖B.②表示蛋白质C.③表示磷脂分子D. 细胞膜能控制物质进出细胞7. 人体组织细胞内K+浓度远高于组织液，说明组织细胞吸收K+的方式为A.自由扩散B.协助扩散C.被动运输D.主动运输8.图3中①-④表示某高等生物细胞的部分细胞器，具有双层膜结构的是A.④B.③C.②D.①9.下列反应属于合成反应的是A.葡萄糖-丙酮酸+H+B.脂肪-甘油-脂肪酸C.氮基酸-多肽+水D.麦芽糖+水-葡萄糖10.ATP转化为ADP可表示如下：式中X代表A.水B.腺苷C.磷酸分子D.磷酸基团11.图4表示两种生物的结构，其根本区别是有无A.成形的细胞核B.细胞结构C.增殖能力D.遗传物质12.图5是显微镜下观测到的同一个洋葱表皮细胞质璧分离与复原过程中的镜像变化，相关叙述正确的是A.结构①②③④构成原生质层B.视野中呈现紫色的部位是③C.Y时结构⑤中的自由水显著减少D.⑥空间大小与外界溶液浓度呈反比13.图6过程体现了酶的特性是A.高效性B.催化作用C.专一性D.遗传性14.在研磨绿叶的过程中，为防止色素被破坏，应加入A.石英砂B.CaCO3C.无水乙醇D.层析液15.图7为人体内葡萄糖氧化分解的某一途径，其中①、②、③表示代谢过程，字母代表物质。

金山中学最新学年度第二学期高一年级生命科学学科期中考试卷答题提示：选择题和简答题均在答题纸上作答，务必准确填涂个人信息！ 一、选择题共６0分，1-3０题每题1分，31－45题每题2分１至30题，每小题1分，共３0分，每小题只有一个正确答案1. 将生命科学研究引入分子水平的典型事例是 Ａ.光学显微镜的发明 B.《物种起源》的发表C ．结晶牛胰岛素的人工合成 D.DN Ａ双螺旋结构分子模型的建立2. 1９21年，弗雷德里克从狗的体内分离得到天然胰岛素。

4０多年后，首次人工合成结晶牛胰岛素的科学家是 A.加拿大人 Ｂ。

美国人 Ｃ．中国人 D.英国人 3. 最早创立“生物分类法则”的科学家是 （ ）A 。

李时珍B 。

孟德尔C.达尔文D.林耐4. 模拟实验是生命科学实验的重要方法，通过人为地创造条件,模拟生物所处的环境。

在常规实验室体外培养细胞，下列条件中不需要模拟的是 A.酸碱度 Ｂ。

重力 C ．温度 D ．营养供应5. 当代生命科学研究的主要方法是( ） A.比较法B ．描述法C ．推理法D ．实验法6. 生命科学探究的基本步骤,其顺序是①提出疑问 ②设计实验 ③实施实验 ④得出结论 ⑤分析数据 ⑥提出假设 ⑦新的疑问 Ａ。

①②③④⑤⑥⑦B 。

①⑥②③⑤④⑦Ｃ.⑥②③④①⑤⑦Ｄ．①②④③⑥⑤⑦7. 甲是一组目镜标有5x 和1６x 字样、物镜标有10x 和４０ｘ字样的镜头,乙是某学生在甲中选用的一组能放大1６0倍的镜头组合所观察到的图像.欲将乙视野中标注为１的细胞移至视野中央进行放大640倍的观察,则正确的镜头组合及装片的移动方向应是ﻩA ．①④、左下方 Ｂ.①③、右上方 C ．②③、右上方 Ｄ。

②③、左下方 8. 生活在沙漠中的仙人掌和生活在珊瑚礁中美丽的珊瑚鱼，组成它们的化学元素 A ．差异很大 Ｂ．完全相同 C ．大体相同 D ．没有一定的标准 9. 下列物质中组成元素种类最少的一组是 ( ） Ａ.磷脂Ｂ．淀粉Ｃ.血红蛋白 D 。

金山中学2017学年度第二学期高一年级生命科学期中考试试卷考试时间：60分钟；满分：100分；答题提示：选择题和综合题均在答题纸上作答，务必准确填涂个人信息！ 一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分）1. 图1表示落地生根在适宜环境中常见的生殖方式，这种生殖类型属于（ ）A ．出芽生殖B ．卵式生殖C ．孢子生殖D ．营养繁殖2. 图2表示细胞中常见的生化反应，则下列相关叙述错误的是（ ）A ．图中虚线框内为肽键B ．化合物甲的R 基为—HC ．图中的X 是水D ．化合物丙含2个游离羧基3. 图3显示了人体内能源物质的代谢途径，大写字母代表物质，其中物质Z 直接参与了过程①，下列叙述不正确的是（ ）A ．X 是葡萄糖B ．Y 是丙酮酸C ．Q 是甘油D ．Z 可以是氨基酸脱去氨基的碳链4. 赫尔希和蔡斯分别为35S 和32P 标记的噬菌体蛋白质和DNA 组分，下列被标记的部位组合正确的是（ ）H 2N C HCH 2COOH COOH H 2N C HCOOH+ NC HHCOOH H 2N CH CH 2COOHCO H 酶X + 甲乙丙图2图1图3A ．①②B ．①③C ．①④D ．②④ 5. 基因工程一般包括4个步骤，其正确顺序是（ ）①目的基因与运载体重组；②获取目的基因；③筛选含目的基因的受体细胞；④重组DNA 分子导入受体细胞。

A ．④①②③B ．②④①③C ．③②④①D ．②①④③6. 在“细胞的观察和测量”实验中，小明已在低倍镜下观察到了清晰的蚕豆叶下表皮细胞，现要精确地测量保卫细胞的长度，接下来他应该做的是（ ） A ．使用目镜测微尺直接测量 B ．转换至高倍镜C ．调节细调节器D ．调节光圈7. 小西做了“颤藻和水绵细胞的比较观察” 实验后，对两者的描述（用“×”表示“无”，“√”’表示“有”），正确的是（ ）8. 图5所示的免疫过程属于（ ）①体液免疫 ②特异性免疫 ③细胞免疫 ④非特异性免疫． A ．①② B ．①④ C ．②③ D ．③④ 9. 遗传信息和遗传密码分别位于（ ）A ．DNA 和信使RNA 上B ．DNA 和转运RNA 上C ．信使RNA 和转运RNA 上D ．染色体和基因上颤藻叶绿体 染色后固定结构√ A.C.B.D.水绵√× √颤藻叶绿体 染色后固定结构√水绵 √××颤藻 水绵 ×√√×叶绿体染色后固定结构颤藻 叶绿体 染色后固定结构×水绵 ×√√图4图510. 图6中，①～④表示一个细胞有丝分裂过程中染色体变化的不同情况。

2017-2018学年上海市金山中学高一下学期期中考试英语试题（考试时间：120分钟满分：150分）第I 卷 (共110分)I. Listening comprehensionSection A Short conversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a conversation and question about it, read the four possible answerson your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 5:15. B. At 4:45. C. At 4:35. D. At5:00.2. A. Because he dislike his old flat. B. Because he wanted to know new neighbours.C. Because he hated neighbours’ disturbance.D. Because he wanted a big place.3. A. Boss and employee. B. Interviewer and interviewee.C. Husband and wife.D. Lawyer and client.4. A. Cows and pigs. B. Ducks and bees.C. Chickens and pigs.D. Chickens and cows.5. A. The woman asked the man to show her around the place.B. The woman arrived sooner than was expected.C. The slow taxi didn’t prevent the woman from arriving on time.D. The show was to start at two and the woman got there too early.6. A. She asked the man to stop the work.B. She asked the man not to take the work seriously.C. She asked the man to finish the work as soon as possible.D. She asked the man not to be too nervous about the time.7. A. He will not learn cooking. B. He has no idea of cooking.C. He is already a good cook.D. He should eat less to keep fit.8. A. The restaurant. B. The garage. C. The sports center. D. Sam’s home.9. A. Because his friend didn’t call him. B. Because he doesn’t have painting tools.C. Because he isn’t patient enough.D. Because he went to see a patient.10. A. Reasonable. B. Perfect. C. Costly. D. Ridiculous.Section B PassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The Popularity of travel guidebooks.B. The decline of travel guidebooks.C. The close connection between guidebooks and travelers.D. Travel guidebook’s ability to make money.12. A. Social network. B. Travel guidebooks.C. Friends from travel business.D. Geography teachers.13. A. Its high price. B. Its lack of individuality.C. Its unreal introduction.D. Its outdated information.Questions 14 through 176are based on the following passage.14. A. Twitter. B. Facebook. C. LinkedIn. D. MySpace.15. A. To obtain information from the world. B. To get connected with relatives.C. To pay bills online.D. To browse the news.16. A. Social network. B. Blogs. C. IPads. D. Newspapers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.17. A. Going to the cinema to see films. B. Going sightseeing.C. Staying indoors.D. Spending time with the man.18. A. Its long history. B. Its rocky mountains.C. Huge number of visitors.D. Its ice fields.19. A. In Jasper National Park. B. In a nearby town.C. By Lake Louise.D. In its commercial centre.20. A. Consuming of resources. B. Harm to ecosystem.C. Poor health of the local people.D. Tons of rubbish.Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to deal with Whiners(抱怨不停的人) ?There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful,and they (21) __________ (treat) unfairly.Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) , (22) _________ attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. “While some complaints might be reasonable, (23) __________ are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,”said Li Ling, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).It’s especially hard to deal with complaints at work (24) _________ you can’t just walk away or put your colleagues’ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you (25) _________ be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don’t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others’ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression that you agree with them. “Listen to the whiners actively,” says HR Li. “Help them find a solution, or see (26) __________ there are ways to improve the situation.”Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from (27) _____________ (extend) working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. “I let them talk about their opinions,” she said, “They feel better when (28) ___________ (tell) someone how they want things to be.”But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. “I ask about the specifics and work together with them (29) ____________ (fix) everything technically.” he said.HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. “The real problem is that the whiners don’t feel they are being taken seriously,” said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. “(30) ___________ (give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the problem will usually disappear.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Having a purpose in life makes you live longer, according to scientists at Rush University Medical Centre. They say that having focus, intentions and a sense of meaning in your life are all associated with lower mortality (死亡率) rates among older adults.What the purpose is (31) _______ not to matter much, nor does it seem to matter whether goals are (32) _______ or modest. It can be anything --- from wanting to (33) _______ a goal in life, to (34) _______ something in a volunteer organization, to as little as reading a series of books.The scientists looked at more than 1,200 elderly individuals who lived in community environments. The investigators did an initial evaluation of all participants, and then followed them for the period of 5 years.At the very beginning, the subjects were asked questions about their life (35) _______. They had to rate themselves on different areas. Their answers were used to work out whether they felt their life had meaning and that they felt they were working towards goals. The (36) _______ score on the sense-of-purpose measurement was 3.7 out of possible 5.When comparing the scores, the investigators (37) _______ that participants who had a higher sense of purpose had nearly 50% less of the risk of dying during the follow-up period. The (38) _______ of purpose in life with mortality did not differ among men and women, nor did it among white people and African-Americans.The investigators reported that (39) _______ associations with mortality were found with three particular items on the purpose of life questionnaire to determine the study participants’ agreement with the (40) _______ statements: “I sometimes feel as if I have done all there is to do in life;”“I used to set goals for myself,but that now seems like a waste of time;” and “My daily activities often seem unimportant to me.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Whether in the workplace or on the football field, effective teamwork can produce amazing results．(41) ______, working successfully as a team is not as easy as it may seem．Effective teamwork certainly does not just happen (42) ______; it takes a great deal of hard work. There are a number of (43) ______ that must be proper to make a good team．Effective (44) ______ is one of the most important elements of good teamwork．The team’s leader should possess the skills to create and maintain a positive working environment and inspire the team members to take a positive approach to work and be highly (45)______．(46) ______ is a vital factor of all interpersonal relationship and especially that of a team．Team members must be able to (47) ______ their feelings, express plans and goals, share ideas and see each other’s opinions．It is absolutely necessary for team members to understand what their (48) ______ on the team is, what he or she is (49) ______ for. The team leader can enable this by defining the purpose in a definite manner in the beginning of the formation of the team.(50) ______ will arise no matter how well a team functions together. The best way to deal with conflicts is to have some organized methods of handling conflicts．Team members should be able to voice their concerns without fear of (51) ______ others．Instead of avoiding conflict issues, a hands-on approach that settles them quickly is (52) ______．It is often advised that the team leader sit with the conflicting parties and help work out their differences without taking sides and trying to remain (53) ______ if possible．The team leader must set (54) ______ to create good teamwork．In order to keep team members positive and devoted and motivated, the team leader herself or himself needs to show these qualities．The team (55) ______ the leader for support and guidance．So any negative words or behaviors on the leader’s part can be disastrous．41. A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Similarly42. A. reasonably B. independently C. automatically D. exactly43. A. ways B. factors C. attitudes D. measures44. A. cooperation B. sharing C. devoting D. leadership45. A. informed B. valued C. devoted D. recommended46. A. Communication B. Exchange C. Debate D. Discussion47. A. voice B. hide C. develop D. translate48. A. effect B. base C. advantage D. role49. A. prepared B. responsible C. qualified D. rewarded50. A. Solutions B. Conflicts C. Questions D. Opinions51. A. influencing B. protecting C. offending D. depressing52. A. much better B. much simpler C. less used D. often neglected53. A. kind B. superior C. inferior D. objective54. A. a fit task B. a good example C. a high purpose D. a fair standard55. A. turns on B. takes on C. decides on D. relies on Section BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）One of the most inspiring quotes（名言） I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The differences between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people fail many more times than unsuccessful people.”I deeply understood the wisdom of the quote soon after my fist book was published.I was living in Atlanta at the time and arranged my first signing sale for my new book at the phoenix and Dragon, the largest bookstore in the city. Although a nice sign was placed outside the room exhibiting images of both me and my book, not a single customer entered the room.Do they not like the title? I wondered. Do they not like the book cover? After 90 minutes, I was absolutely distraught.For the four years writing the book, I had felt a sense of mission and purpose like never before in my life. Working a full 8-hour day in my clinic, I had to get into bed by 9:30 pm every day, so I could wake up at 5:30 in the morning and have two hours of writing before heading into my clinic. Before I ever began each writing session, I would close my eyes for 10 minutes and then whisper, ”Please grant me the words to touch just one person’s life.”Now, sitting there alone at my first book signing, I wondered if my entire life wasn’t just a big joke. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any worse, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to hide my emotions and introduced myself and my book. The couple turned the pages each other, and the husband nodded to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.” Despite the impulse (冲动）to jump in the air, and hold their hands to thank them for being my first readers, I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The reason we’re buying it,” she said hesitantly, “is because our son committed suicide two years ago. Maybe your story will help us get over it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold another copy of the book, my four years of writing it had served its purpose. Although I would have many more challenging years until my book became a bestseller, this couple’s story was all the motivation I needed at that point to keep me ahead. Thanks to them, I would realize that thegreatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge ... one challenge ... one difficulty ... one step ... and one small victory at a time.56. The writer quotes Brian Tracy to emphasize the important of _________________.A. successB. confidenceC. braveryD. perseverance57. The word “distraught” probably means ______________.A. bored and impatientB. cheerful and proudC. upset and disappointedD. miserable and ashamed58. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. The writer had to quit his job to make time for his writing.B. The writer was not sure about the purpose of his writing at first.C. The writing was completed with great self-discipline and efforts.D. The process of writing the book was full of pains and happiness.59. By saying “my four years of writing it had served its purpose”. The author probably means that _____________.A. he had succeeded in selling his first book to the coupleB. he had managed to touch someone’s life with his bookC. he was quite satisfied with the feedback of his readersD. he had found someone who enjoyed his writing(B)60．Which of the following is the most suitable for Mary，who can just spare one day to travel around Singapore？A．City Sightseeing．B．DUCK．C．Night safari．D．Flyer．61．If David and his 9-year-old son are both animal lovers，they had better dial __________ for more information before their tour．A.6338-6859B.6338-6826C.6338-3311D.6338-6877 62．Mr. Smith is going to take his wife，his 13-year-old daughter and his 1-year-old son John to visit Singapore at their own leisurely pace, so he should get at least ________ ready．A．﹩89．B．﹩99．C．﹩91．D．﹩101．(C)Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and earn income. This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment，so it includes employers and the self-employed．Labor is one of the country’s resources which can be combined with other resources to produce the goods and services wanted by the community．Although the size of the workforce depends a great deal on the size of the total population，there are several other influences which also affect it．The age distribution (分布) of the total population has a very marked effect on the available workforce. If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work，then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an balanced spread age distribution．If the population naturally grows rapidly, the number of births greatly exceeds (超出) the number of deaths then as a total population increases proportion of the workforce declines．Sometimes a population is described as aging which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly，and as people retire from the workforce there are insufficient numbers of young people entering it to replace those who are leaving it．In that situation the population is top-heavy with older people．So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapidincrease in births or a falling birth rate.The age distribution of the population has several important effects on the economy．If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce，this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group．If the aged are to be cared for in special homes，finance must be available for that purpose．If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population，then the government tax revenue(税收) is relatively low and either the government has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily．63．In the passage “labor force” is defined as ___________.A．people who are available to work and earn incomeB．self-employed people onlyC．people who are looking for an employmentD．employers who create job opportunities64．The conclusion which can be drawn from the second paragraph is that___________.A．a natural growth of population leads to a balanced workforceB．a large population does not necessarily mean a higher proportion of workforce C．the larger the population，the higher the proportion of the workforce D．the workforce will be lower, if the population has a balanced age distribution，65．When a population is said to be aging，___________.A．there are more people retiring than those entering the workforceB．the birth rate must be growingC．there should be an oversupply of workforceD．There are more people entering the workforce than those retiring66．The population which is top-heavy with older people ___________ of a country.A．leads to the high rate of unemploymentB．results in low tax on the workforce membersC．affects employees’ incomesD．places pressure on the economy(D)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Conflict happens. It happens everywhere: between friends, in the classroom, around the corporate conference table. The good news is that it doesn't have to damage friendships or business deals. Knowing how to resolve conflict, wherever it happens, creates confidence and eases stress.Be prepared for any conditionsCare enough about your own well-being, your relationships with co-workers and your company, to talk about what is bothering you at work, to talk about conflict.Don't take it home or stuff it away. Ignoring something doesn’t make it go away.Start preparing to resolve a conflict by checking your own behavior. (67) ___________ Have they been pushed? How have you handled the situation so far? What is your own responsibility in the matter?(68) ___________The sooner you resolve conflict, the easier it is to resolve. Don't hang around.Don't let the matter boil into something bigger than it is.If a specific behavior has caused the conflict, promptness gives you an exampleto refer to and keeps you from building up hostility. It also gives the other person the best chance of understanding the specific behavior you want to talk about. Find a private, neutral placeTalking about conflict has almost no chance of succeeding if it’s carried out in public. Nobody likes to be embarrassed in front of peers or made an example of in public. Your goal is to eliminate the tension created by conflict. Privacy will help you. (69) ___________Share your feelingsNine times out of 10, the real conflict is about feelings, not facts. (70) ___________ Owning your own feelings, and caring about others', is key to talking about conflict. Remember that anger is a secondary emotion. It almost always arises from fear.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence, “In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence”. Given that his is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflicts the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflicts are unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a flight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only addfuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.第 II 卷 (共40分)I. Translation（3+3+4+5）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.71.让观众失望的是这位著名音乐家表现得如此粗鲁。

誌聘教RH hnp:〃www ・xn金山中学2017学年度第二学期高一年级地理学科期中考试卷一、选择题（每题 2分，共80 分） 1人口增长模式类型决定于2•右图表示四个国家人口出生率和死亡率，其中人口自然增 长率最高的国家是3.右图中①所代表的国家最可能是 A .日本 B .埃及 C .印度 D .尼日利亚4.目前上海面临最主要的人口问题是D .人口年龄构成轻5•下列地区既是人口稠密地区，又是目前人口增长缓慢地区的是6.下列人口稀疏区成因相同的一组是7. 21世纪初重庆部分人口在政府的安排下，相继迁居崇明岛，这种人口迁移的方式属于 A .劳务迁移&上海的人口容量正接近极限，影响其人口容量首要的因素是 A .自然资源与环境条件 C .人均资源消费水平9. 一般情形下，城市土地利用最外围的是农业用地，由此向市中心依次为（考试时间：60分钟 满分:100 分）A .人口出生率、 人口死亡率、人口总数B .人口出生率、 人口死亡率、社会生产力C .人口出生率、 人口死亡率、人口自然增长率D .人口出生率、人口死亡率、人口生育率 A .① B .②C .③D .④i.O'-A .人口自然增长率高B .郊区人口密度过小C .人口老龄化严重A .东亚地区B .南亚地区C .西亚地区D .西欧地区A .撒哈拉地区和亚洲北部地区B .撒哈拉地区和亚马孙地区C .亚洲北部和北美洲北部D .北美洲北部地区和亚马孙地区B .难民迁移C .智力迁移D .大型基础设施建设引起的人口迁移B .地区开放程度 D .科学技术水平片蠡聘教 R 网 http:〃www ・e 12xoinxn10. 下列各因素中，对城市商品房价格影响最大的因素是 A .离体育场远近 B .离自来水厂远近C .绿化覆盖率D .交通便捷程度11. 与长江三角洲城市密集分布无关的自然因素是 B .濒江临海的地理位置C .矿产资源丰富12•在下列城市中，第三产业比重最大的是13•衡量一个国家或地区城市化水平的主要标志是 B .城市总人口量14•在下列有关世界城市化进程的叙述中，正确的是15. 西方大城市人口由中心城区向郊区迁移的主要原因是 A .中心城区人口密度大，购物不方便B .中心城区地价高、生活成本高，郊区环境较好C .中心城区农产品供不应求D .城郊农业可提供大量工作岗位，就业机会多 16. 高级住宅区一般分布在城市边缘，原因是D .城市中心不可以建住宅区17. 世界六大城市群中，以芝加哥为中心的是18. 大城市家用汽车普及率快速增长，直接导致的城市问题是19. 下列决定农作物品种和熟制的主要自然条件是 A .商业用地、居住用地、工业用地 B .居住用地、工业用地、商业用地 C .工业用地、居住用地、商业用地D .商业用地、工业用地、居住用地A .气候温和湿润 D .河网密集A .哈尔滨B .兰州C .重庆D .香港C .城市面积占国土面积的比重D .城市人口占总人口的比重A .城市数量A .发达国家城市人口比重大，增长快B .发展中国家城市人口比重小，增长慢C .发达国家城市人口比重大，增长慢D .发展中国家城市人口比重大，增长快A .那里的地价较便宜B .那里更靠近工厂等工作单位C .那里环境比较好A .美国东北部大西洋沿岸城市群B .北美五大湖沿岸城市群C .欧洲西北部城市群D .日本太平洋沿岸城市群A .绿化面积扩大B .交通拥堵C .水污染加剧D .经济发展下降A .地形B .热量C .水分D .土壤KT 、蠡聘教育H 12xomxn20. 在市场开拓过程中，与提高农产品市场竞争力没有直接关系的措施是 A .加大技术投入 D •增加化肥用量21 •下列适宜在我国江南丘陵酸性红壤地区种植的作物是22.地中海型农业地域类型分布地区的粮食作物主要是23•以色列的鲜花大量出口欧洲，影响其鲜花生产的主要区位因素是24. 在下列农业地域类型中，具有机械化程度较低、劳动集约化程度高、单位面积产量较高 等特点的是 A .商品化混合农业 D .地中海型农业25. 下列农业地域类型中，农产品商品率比较高的是26. 影响有色金属冶炼工业分布的主导因素是国回 O 化工厂 皿咅民区耳！=公路 0河谎及流向28. 我国最大、结构最完整、技术和效益最好的综合性工业区是29. 中国成为世界 制造工厂”的主要区位条件是30. 对高新技术产业区位选择影响力不断加强的因素是B .加强市场营销C .改善交通条件A .棉花B .甜菜C .茶树D .葡萄A •小麦、水稻等冬季作物B .小麦、大麦等冬季作物C .小麦、大麦等夏季作物D •小麦、玉米等夏季作物A .水资源B •地形C .科技D .劳动力B .水田农业C .牧场畜牧业A .旱作农业和热带种植园农业B .水田农业和旱作农业 C.牧场畜牧业和热带种植园农业D .水田农业和牧场畜牧业A .能源B .科学技术C .市场 D.劳动力 27. 下图是“我国东南沿海某城市的工业布局规划图”。