英美文学翻译练习

英美文学诗歌【英美文学中经典诗歌翻译】英美文学中经典诗歌翻译英美文学中经典诗歌翻译To Helen——Edgar Allan Poe Helen，thy beauty is to me Like those Nicean barks of yore，That gently，o“er a perfumed sea，The weary，way-worn wanderer bore To his own native shore. On desperate seas long wont to roam，Thy hyacinth hair，thy classic face，Thy Naiad airs have brought me home To the glory that was Greece. And the grandeur that was Rome. Lo! in yon brilliant window-niche How statue-like I see thee stand! The agate lamp within thy hand，Ah! Psyche from the regions which Are Holy Land! 海倫，我視你的美貌如昔日尼西的小船于芬芳的海上輕輕漂泛疲憊勞累的遊子轉舵駛向故鄉的岸久經海上風浪，慣于浪跡天涯海倫，你的艷麗面容，你那紫藍的秀髮你那仙女般的丰采令我深信光榮屬於希臘偉大屬於羅馬看呀,在遠遠明亮的壁窗裏你站立著,如同一尊雕塑手上提著一盞光亮的明燈塞姬女神啊,那些神聖的土地才是你的宿地She Walks In Beauty——George Gordon Byron She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies;And all that’s best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes;Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies. One shade more, one ray less, Had half impaired the nameless grace Which waves i n every raven tress, Or softly lightens o’er her face;Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear their dwelling-place. And on that cheek, and o’er that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent The smiles that win, the tints that glow. But tell of days in goodness spent, A mind at peace with all below,A heart whose love isinnocent! 她在美中徜徉，她在美中穿行;象深邃的苍穹缀满繁星，象皎洁的夜空万里无云。

英国文学简史期末考试资料英国文学简史英美文学史名词翻译Neoclassicism (新古典主义) Renaissance (文艺复兴)Metaphysical poetry (玄学派诗歌) Classism (古典主义)EnlighteXXXent (启蒙运动) Romanticism (浪漫主义)Byronic Hero (拜伦式英雄) Aestheticism（美学主义）Stream of consciousness (意识流) the Age of Realism (现实主义阶段) Naturalism (自然主义) Local Colorist (乡土文学)Imagism (意象主义) The Lost Generation (迷惘的一代)Surrealism (超现实主义) The Beat Generation (垮掉的一代) Metaphysical poets (玄学派诗人）New Criticism (新批判主义)Feminism(女权主义) Hemingway Code Hero (海明威式英雄) Impressionism (印象主义) Post modernity (后现代主义)Realism (现实主义) Allegory (寓言)Romance (传说) epic(史诗)Blank Verse (无韵诗) Essay (随笔)Masques or Masks (假面剧) Spenserian Stanza (斯宾塞诗节)Three Unities (三一.原则) Meter (格律)Soliloquy (独白) Cavalier poets (骑士派诗人)Elegy (挽歌) . Action/plot (情节)Atmosphere (基调) Epigram (警句)The Heroic Couplet (英雄对偶句) Sentimentalism (感伤主义文学)Aside (旁白) Denouement (戏剧结局)parable (寓言) Genre (流派)Irony (反讽) Satire (讽刺)Lyric (抒情诗) Ode (颂歌)Pastoral (田园诗) Canto (诗章)Lake Poets (湖畔诗人) Image (意象)Dramatic monologue（戏剧独白）Psychological novel (心理小讲)Allusion (典故) Protagonist and Antagonist (正面人物与反面人物) Symbolism (象征主义) Existentialism (存在主义)Anti-hero (反面人物) Rhyme (押韵)Round Character (丰满的人物) Flat character (平淡的人物)Oedipus complex (俄狄浦斯情结/蛮母厌父情结) Iambic pentameter (抑扬格五音步)Poetic license (诗的破格) Legend (传奇)Myth (神话) Pessimism (悲观主义)Tragicomedy (悲喜剧) Comedy of manners (风俗喜剧)Free Verse (自由体诗歌) Magic realism (魔幻现实主义) Autobiography (自传) Biography (传记)Foot (足注) Protagonist (正面人物)Psychological Realism (心理现实主义) Setting (背景)Chronicle《编年史》Ballads 民谣consonant(协调,一致) repetition (反复)repeated initial(开头的)一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer) ―英国诗歌之父（Father of English Poetry）《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales ）二、文艺复兴阶段文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ）《乌托邦》（Utopia）埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser）《仙后》（The Faerie Queene)弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）《论讲文集》（Essays)克里斯托弗·马洛（Christopher Marlowe）《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine）《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus）《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta ）威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ）四大悲剧: Hamlet（哈姆雷特）、Othello（奥瑟罗）、King Lear（李尔王）、Macbeth（麦克白）四大喜剧：A Midsummer Night's Dream《仲夏夜之梦》As you like it《皆大欢喜》Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》The merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿John Milton 《失乐园》（Paradise Lost）（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。

英美文学简明教程上册课文翻译1. England’s inhabitants are Celts. And it is conquered by Romans(罗马)，Anglo Saxons (盎格鲁撒克逊人)and Normans (日耳曼). The Anglo-Saxons brought the Germanic language and culture to England,while Normans brought the Mediterranean civilization(地中海文明) , including Greek culture(古希腊文化)，Rome law(罗马法律)and the Christian religion(基督教). It is the cultural influence of these two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literature.2. The old English literature（古英语文学)extends from about 450 to 1066,the year of the Norman conquest of England.3. The old English poetry(古英语诗) that has survived can be divided into two groups: The religious group and the secular one(宗教类和世俗类).4. Beowulf（贝尔武夫): a typical example of 0ld English poetry is regarded as the national epic(民族史诗) of the Anglo-Saxons. It is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.翻译：1.英格兰的居民是凯尔特人。

《⽂学翻译实践》练习2：Three Peach Stones（学⽣作业）Here comes your translations for "Three Peach Stones". Enjoy your critical reading. Any comment is warmly welcome. Stanford2010-4-8翻译练习2：英语071 张梦霞 07406100122三颗桃核幸福与简单是紧密相关的。

幸福是⼀种能从最简单的事物中汲取快乐的能⼒。

⽐如说，从桃核中得到幸福。

很明显，简单与成功毫不相关。

就拿亨利．斯图尔特公爵来说，他绝对是很成功的⼈。

⼆⼗多年前，他从伦敦来到我们这个⼩村庄，在此买了⼏间⽼房⼦，打通后成为了⼀座⼤房⼦，⽤作度周末的寓所。

他是个律师，村⾥⼈带着近乎⽗辈般的的⾃豪感，关注着他辉煌的事业。

我记得⼤约是⼗年之前，他被任命为王室的律师顾问。

阿莫斯和我看见他从伦敦开来的⽕车上⾛下来，便上前向他祝贺。

我们俩都笑得合不拢嘴，⽽他却愁眉苦脸，像是被判了刑⼀般。

他被封爵的时候，还是那副表情，脸上看不出⼀丝笑意。

他甚⾄不屑去“蓝狐狸”请⼤家喝⼀杯庆祝⼀下。

他对待成功就如同⼩孩服药⼀般。

⾃他退休后，就在他的花园⾥消磨时光。

此后不久的⼀天，我问他，⼀个⼈实现了所有抱负后是什么滋味。

他看着他的玫瑰，继续给它们浇⽔，过了⼀会说：“实现了抱负的唯⼀价值就是你会意识到它们并不值得去追求。

” 我想起了这件事，昨天我经过他家的时候，恰好把车停在了他的园墙外。

当时我停车只是为了给⼀辆公共汽车让路。

当我坐在车上装烟⽃时，突然从墙内传来欣喜若狂的呼喊声。

我⾛过去，向墙内张望。

只见亨利爵⼠⼿舞⾜蹈，就像是在跳部落出征舞。

当他发现我带着诧异的表情向墙内张望时，并没有⽓恼，也没显出难为情的样⼦，反⽽喊着让我翻墙过去。

“过来看看，快过来看看呀！我成功了，我终于成功了！”他站在那⾥，⼿上捧着⼀个装着泥⼟的⼩盒⼦。

（完整版）《英美文学》练习题库及答案I Of the four alternative answer, choose the one that would best complete the statement:1. Benjamin Franklin was born in the family of a small ___________ .A. LandlordB. merchantC. lawyerD. clergyman2. Ralph Waldo Emerson 'asdilneg reputation began with the publication of ___________ .A. EssaysB. NatureC. OversoulD. Self-Relience3. Ellen Poe was both a poet and a ____________________ .A. dramatistB. essayist C actor D. fiction writer.4. Nathaniel Hawthorne ' s view of man and human history originates in __________________ .A. PuritanismB. SocialismC. TranscendentalismD. naturalism5. Walt Whitman was born and brought up in a family of a _____________ .A. PeasantB. carpenterC. captainD. printer6. Mark Twain ' s first successful literary work is _____________________________ .A. The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras CountyB. Life on the MississippiC. The Adventure of Tom SawyerD. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn7. Closely related to Emily Dickinson ' s religious poetry are her poems concerning ________________A. ChildhoodB.youth and happinessC. lonelinessD. death and immortality8. Among the works of Dreiser, the bet known to the Chinese readers is _______________ .A. An American TragedyB. Sister CarrieC. Th FinancierD. The Titan9. Robert Frost ' s works mainly focus on the landscape and people in ___________________ .A. the WestB. American SouthC. New EnglandD. Mississippi10. Most of the plays Eugene O l w 'roNt e ilare ______________________ .A. comediesB. . romancesC. historical plays D tragedies11. Scott Fitzgerald is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the ____________________ .A. modern timeB. young AmericansC. Jazz AgeD. Guilded Age12. ____________________________ is Hemingway ' smasterpiece, which is about the old fishermanSantiago and his losing battle with a giant marlin.A. Farewell to ArmsB. For whom the Bell TollsC. The Sun Also RisesD. The Old Man and The Sea13. As a great fiction writer, William Faulker devotes most of his works to the description of the life and the people in the _______________________________ .A. American WestB. New England in AmericaC. American SouthD. American North14. When he was young, Benjamin Franklin became an apprentice in a ________________ .A. printing houseB. storeC. Tailor ' s shopD. factory15. Ralph Emerson was born in a family of a ___________________ .A. merchantB. businessmanC. clergymanD. writer16. Ellen Poe began his literary career by writing _________________ ;A. short storiesB. playsC. essaysD. poems17. According to Nathaniel Hawthorne, there is ________ in every hearer, which may remain latent, perhaps,英美文学》练习测试题库及答案本科through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity.A. evilB. virtueC. kindn essD. tragedy18. Whitman is radically innovative in term of form of his poetry. What he prefers for his new subjects and new feeli ngs is ____________ .A. bla nk verseB. free verseC. heroic coupletD. sonnet19. Mark Twain shaped the world ' s view of America and made a comb in ati on of serious literature and _______A. America n folk humorB. En glish folkloreC. America n traditi onal valuesD. funny jokes20. Altogether, Emily Dick inson wrote ____ poems, of which only sever n had appeared duri ng her lifetime.A. 1145B. 1775C. 897D. 78521. Theodore Dreiser is gen erally ack no wledged as one of America' s literaryA. realistsB. n aturalistsC. roma ntistsD. modernists 22. In Frost ' s poems, images and metaphors in his poems are drawn from ___________________A. the simple country lifeB. the urba n lifeC. the life on the seaD. the adve ntures and trips23. Scott Fitzgerald never spared an intimate touch in his fiction to deal with the bankruptcy of the24. Eugene O ' Neill is regarded as the founder of American _____________________ .A. poetryB. dramaC. ficti onD. literature25. _________________ is Hemingway ' s masterpiece, which tellsa story about the tragic love of a woundecAmerican soldier with a British nurse.C. For Whom the Bell Tolls 26. William Faulk ner was born ina family of a ______________________ .A. mercha ntB. colonelC. man agerD. doctor27. In his essays, ______ p ut forward his philosophy of the over soul, the importa nt of the In dividual and Nature.A. Natha niel HawthorneB. Washi ngton IrvingC. Mark Twai nD. Ralph Waldo Emers on28. The chief spokesma n of New En gla nd Transcenden talism is _______A. Natha niel HawthorneB. Ralph Waldo Emers onC. Henry David ThoreauD. Wash ington Irvi ng29. _____ l iterary world turns out to be a most disturbed, tormented and problematical one, which has much to do with his black” vision of life and human beings.A. Herma n Melville'sB. Washi ngton Irvi ng'sC. Nathaniel Hawthorne'sD. Walt Whitman s30. Most of the poems in ____ sing of the en-masse and the self as well.A. Leaves of GrassB. Drum TapsC. North of Bost onD. The Can tos31. In ____ , Whitma n airs his sorrow at Preside nt Lin colnsdeath.A. Cavalry Crossing a FordB. A Pact ”C. When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom 'dD. There was a Child Went Forth ”A. America n DreamB. ruli ng classes B. America n Capitalists D.America n bourgeoisieA. A Farewell to ArmsB. The Sun Also RisesD. In Our Time32.In ___ , Whitman's own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young growingAmerica.A. “A Pact”B. “Song of Myself ”C. “There was a Child Went Forth”D. “Cavalry Crossing a Ford”33.In _____ , Hawthorne sets out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret.A. “The Custom-House”B. “Young Goodman Brown”C. “Rappaccini's Daughter”D. “The Birthmark"34. _____ is called by Hemingway the one from which“all modern American literature c omes”.A. The adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. The Adventures of Tom aSwyerC. The Gilded AgeD. Life on the Mississippi35. Theodore Dreiser's forgiving treatment of the career of his heroine in ____ also draws heavily upon thenaturalistic understanding of sexuality.A McTeague B. An American Tragedy C. Sister Carri e D. The Genius36. _____ is a great giant of American, whom H.L.Mencken considers “the true father of our nationalliterature.”A. Henry JamesB. Washington IrvingC. Mark TwainD. Theodore Dreiser37. _____ is usually regarded as a classic book written for boys about their particular horrors and joys.A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. Innocents AbroadD. Life on the Mississippi38. _____ is described by Mark Twain as a boy with“a sound heart and a deformed conscienc”e.A. Tom SawyerB. Huckleberry FinnC. JimD.Tony39. _______ is considered to be Theodore Dreise'sr greatest work.A. An American TragedyB. Sister CarrieC. The FinancierD. The Titan40. The leading playwright of the modern period in American literature, if not the most successful in all hisexperiments, is ______A. Arthur MillerB. Tennessee WilliamC. George Bernard ShawD. Eugene O'Neil41. The well- known soliloquy by Hamlet “ T o be , or not to be ' shows hisA. hatred for his uncleB. love for lifeC. resolution of revengeD. inner- strife42. _______ is a play that concerns the problem of modern ma'sn identity.A. The Hairy ApeB. Long Day's Journey Into NightC. The Iceman ComethD. The Emperor Jones43.In a tragic sense, ______ is a representation of life as a struggle against unconquerable forces in whichonly a partial victory is possible.A. For Whom the Bell TollsB. In Our TimeC. The Old Man and the SeaD. A Farewell to Arms44. Faulkner once said that _________ is a story of “ lost innocence,'which proves itself to be andintensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A. The Sound and the FuryB. Light in AugustC. Go Down, MosesD. Absalom, Absalom! 45.In A Rose for Emily, Faulkner makes best use of the __________________________ devices in narration.A. RomanticB. RealisticC. GothicD. Modernist46. _____ is Hemingway's first true novel in which he depictsa vivid portrait of “The lost Generation.”A. The Sun Also RisesB. A Farewell to ArmsC. In Our TimeD. For Whom the Bell Tolls47. The only dramatist ever to win a Nobel Prize was _________ .A. Bernard ShawB. Eugene O'NeilC. Richard Brinsley SheridanD. William Shakespeare48. __________________________ By means of “free verse,” believes that he has turned the poem into anopen field, an area of vitalpossibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.A. Emily DickinsonB. Walt WhitmanC. Robert FrostD. Ezra Pound49. An eccentric woman who refuses to accept the passageoftime, or the inevitable change and loss thataccompanies it may probably refer to ______ .A. Irene in The Man of PropertyB. Emily in A Rose for EmilyC. Catherine in Wuthering HeightsD. the widow Douglas in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn50. One source of evil that Nathaniel Hawthorne is concerned most is overreaching intellect. Which of the following stories is one of this kind?A. Rappaccini's DaughterB. Young Goodman BrownC. The Minister's Black VeilD. The Birthmark51. “In your rocking-chair, by your window, shall you dream such happiness as you may never feel. ”This is the last sentence of __________ .A. Sister CarrieB. An American TragedyC. The GeniusD. Jane Eyre 52.In Walt Whitman's “There was a Child Went Forth”, the child refers to _________________________________________ .A. the poet himself as a childB. any American childC. the young AmericaD. one of the poet's neighbor53. The ______ techniques are used in some of Eugene O'Neil 's plays to highlight the theatrical effect of therupture between the two sides of an individual human being, the private and the public.A. naturalisticB. expressionisticC. stream-of-consciousnessD. metaphysical54. Which of the following is true as far as Emily Dickinson 's poetry is concerned? A. She seldom uses dashes.B. All her poems are about death or immorality.C. Her poems are very personal and meditativeD. Her poems usually have well-chosen titles. 55.In his poems, Whitman tends to use ___________________ .A. oral EnglishB. the King 's EnglishC. American EnglishD. old English56. As far as Nathaniel Hawthorne's art is concerned, which of the following statement is true? A. His The Scarlet Letter tells a love story.B. His art is deeply influenced by Puritanism because he was a puritan himself.C. Young Goodman Brownis a story about superstition.D. Ambiguity is one of the salient characteristics of his art.57. “I like to see it lap the Miles—And lick the Valleys up —And stop to feed itself at Tanks—And the n ---- ” (Emily Dick inson, “like to see it lap the Miles—)Here “it” refers to _____ .A. loveB. deathC. a flyD. the train58. Which of the following statements concerning Theodore Dreise'rs style is correct?A. Dreiser'sCowperwood trilogy includes The Financier, The Titan and The GeniusB. His novels have little detail descriptions of characters and events.C. His novels are written in refined language.D. His style is not polished but very serious.59. ____ has long been well known as a poet who can hardly be classified with the old or the new.A. Ezra PoundB. Robert Lee FrostC. T. S. EliotD. Emily Dickinson60. F. Scott Fitzgerald skillfully employs the device of having events observe by ___________ to his greatadvantage.。

SONNET 18 (William Shakespeare)十四行诗Shall I compare thee to a summer's dayThou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,An d often is his gold complexion dimm’d,And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course untrimm’d:But thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in h is shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.我怎么能够将你比作夏天你比夏天更美丽温婉。

狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，夏日的勾留何其短暂。

休恋那烈日当空，转眼会云雾迷蒙；休叹那百花凋零，摧折于无常天命；唯有你永恒的夏日长新，你的美貌亦毫发无损。

死神也无缘将你幽禁，你在我永恒的诗中长存。

只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。

Structure: Runs in iambic pentameter, rhymed ABAB CDCD EFEF GG.1. What is the theme of this sonnet Eternality, beauty, immorality2. Why is the speaker’s beloved more lovely than a summer’s dayOne thing he is thinking of is how short lived summer is. Another reason he says his love is more beautiful than a summer day is that the summer whether can be harsh, making nature look less beautiful than it does otherwise.3.There is obviously a shift of tone and subject matter in line 9. Describe such a shift.The author compared the loved one, just in a soft and sentimental tone similar to many love sonnets, to a summer’s day in the first 4 lines, while, in the following 4, developing this concept to the poor power of people falling to retain the fair against Nature. But in line9, the author reversed it in a more emotional and definite tone to express the eternal youth of the loved ones.I Hear America Singing (Walt Whitman) 我听见美国在歌唱（沃尔特·惠特曼）I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear.Those of mechanics, each one singing his as it should be blithe and strong,The carpenter singing his as he measures his plank or beam,The mason singing his as he makes ready for work,or leaves off work,The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat, the deckhand singing on the steamboat deck, The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he stands,The wood-cutter's song, the ploughboy's on his way in the morning, or at noon intermission or at sundown,The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, or of the girl sewing or washing, Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else,The day what belongs to the day--at night the party of young fellows, robust, friendly, Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs.我听见美国在歌唱，我听见各种不同的颂歌机器匠在歌唱着，他们每人歌唱着他的愉快而强健的歌，木匠在歌唱着，一边比量着他的木板或梁木，泥瓦匠在歌唱着，当他准备工作或停止工作的时候，船家歌唱着他船里所有的一切，水手在汽艇的甲板上歌唱着，鞋匠坐在他的工作凳上歌唱，帽匠歌唱着，站在那里工作，伐木者、犁田青年们歌唱着，当他们每天早晨走在路上，或者午间歇息，或到了日落的时候，我更听到母亲的美妙的歌，正在操作的年轻的妻子们的或缝衣或洗衣的女孩子们的歌，每人歌唱属于他或她而不是属于任何别人的一切，白昼歌唱白昼所有的，晚间，强壮而友爱的青年们的集会，张嘴唱着他们的强健而和谐的歌。

英美文学选读英国文学3单元诗歌翻译A Song : Men of England给英格兰人的歌By Percy Bysshe Shelley雪莱Men of England, wherefore ploughFor the lords who lay yelow? Wherefore weave with toil and careThe rich robes your tyrants wear?英格兰的人们，凭什么要给蹂躏你们的老爷们耕田种地？凭什么要辛勤劳动纺织不息用锦绣去打扮暴君们的身体？Wherefore feed and clothe and save From the cradle to the graveThose ungrateful drones who would Drain your sweat-nay, drink your blood? 凭什么，要从摇篮直到坟墓，用衣食去供养，用生命去保卫那一群忘恩负义的寄生虫类，他们在榨你们的汗，喝你们的血？Wherefore ,Bees of England, forge Many a weapan, chain, and scourage, That these stingless drones may spoil The forced produce of your toil?凭什么，英格兰的工蜂，要制作那么多的武器，锁链和刑具，使不能自卫的寄生雄蜂竟能掠夺用你们强制劳动创造的财富？Have ye leisure, comfort ,calm,Shelter ,food, love's gentle balm?Or what is it ye buy so dearWith your pain and with your fear?你们是有了舒适，安宁和闲暇，还是有了粮食，家园和爱的慰抚？否则，付出了这样昂贵的代价，担惊受怕忍痛吃苦又换来了什么？The seed ye sow, another reaps;The wealth ye find, another keeps;The robes ye weave, another wears;The arms ye forge, another bears.你们播下了种子，别人来收割；你们找到了财富，归别人占有；你们织布成衣，穿在别人身上；你们锻造武器，握在别人的手。

2. Alliteration:The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry..10. Anapest抑抑扬: It’s made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables, with the two unstressed ones in front.12 Antithesis:(a figure of speech) The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words phrases, or sentences. An antithesis is often expressed in a balanced sentence, that is, a sentence in which identical or similar grammatical structure is used to express contrasting ideas.17.Assonance(半韵, 半谐音元音相同而辅音不同的韵, 如late与make): The repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in poetry. Assonance is often employed to please the ear or emphasize certain sounds.19. Autobiography(自传；自传文学): A person’s account of his or her own life. An autobiography is generally written in narrative form and includes some introspection.21.Ballad stanza （民谣体诗节）: A type of four-line stanza. The first and third lines have four stressed words or syllables; the second and fourth lines have three stresses. Ballad meter is usually iambic. The number of unstressed syllables in each line may vary. The second and fourth lines rhyme.29.Classicism（古典主义）: A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionallyopposed to Romanticism, whichis concerned with emotions andpersonal themes.32. Conceit（奇喻，妙喻）: A kind of metaphorthat makes a comparison betweentwo startlingly different things. Aconceit may be a brief metaphor,but it usually provides theframework for an entire poem. Anespecially unusual and intellectualkind of conceit is themetaphysical conceit.35.Consonance: The repetition ofsimilar consonant sounds in themiddle or at the end of words.36.Couplet（双行体、双偶体）: Twoconsecutive（[kən'sekjutiv] 连续不断的；连贯的）lines of poetrythat rhyme. A heroic couplet is aniambic pentameter couplet.37Critical Realism:The criticalrealism of the 19th centuryflourished in the fouties and in thebeginning of fifties. The realistsfirst and foremost set themselvesthe task of criticizing capitalistsociety from a democraticviewpoint and delineated thecrying contradictions of bourgeoisreality. But they did not find away to eradicate（根除，根绝；消灭）social evils.42. Diction（措词）: A writer’s choice of words,particularly for clarity,effectiveness, and precision.47.Enlightenment（启蒙主义）:With the advent of the 18thcentury, in England, as in otherEuropean countries, there spranginto life a public movementknown as the Enlightenment. TheEnlightenment on the whole, wasan expression of struggle of thethen progressive class ofbourgeois against feudalism. Theinequality, stagnation, prejudicesand other survivals of feudalism.The attempt to place all branchesof science at the service ofmankind by connecting them withthe actual deeds and requirementsof the people.48Epic（史诗）: Along narrative poem telling aboutthe deeds of a great hero andreflecting the values of the societyfrom which it originated. Manyepics were drawn from an oraltradition and were transmitted bysong and recitation before theywere written down.65.Foot（音步）: It is a rhythmic unit, aspecific combination of stressedand unstressed syllables.67.FreeVerse（自由诗：不受格律约束的）: V erse that has either nometrical pattern or an irregularpattern.69. Iamb（抑扬格）: It isthe most commonly used foot inEnglish poetry, in which anunstressed syllable comes first,followed by a stressed syllable.70.Iambic pentameter（抑扬格五音步）: A poetic line consisting offive verse feet, with each foot aniamb—that is, an unstressedsyllable followed by a stressedsyllable. Iambic pentameter is themost common verse line inEnglish poetry.71. Image（意象）:We usually think with words,many of our thoughts come to usas pictures or imagined sensationsin our mind. Such imaginedpictures or sensations are calledimages.73.Imagism（意象派：1912年前后源于英美，主张主题和形式摆脱因袭之风）: It’s apoetic movement of England andthe U.S. flourished from 1909 to1917.The movement insists on thecreation of images in poetry by“the direct treatment of the thing” and the economy of wording. The leaders of this movement were Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell. Lost Generation（迷惘的一代）: This term has been used again and again to describe the people of the postwar years. It describes the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of “expatriates” or exiles. It describes the writers like Hemingway who lived in semi poverty. It describes the Americans who returned to their native land with an intense awareness of living in an unfamiliar changing world. The young English and American expatriates, men and women, were caught in the war and cut off from the old values and yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization had gone mad. They wandered pointlessly and restlessly, enjoying things like fishing, swimming, bullfight and beauties of nature, but they were aware all the while that the world is crazy and meaningless and futile. Their whole life is undercut and defeated.Meter（韵律）: A generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry.Metonymy: A figure of speech in which something very closely associated with a thing is used to stand for or suggest the thing itself.Myth:A story, often about immortals and sometimes connected with religious rituals, that is intended to give meaning to the mysteries of the world. Myths make it possible for people to understand and deal with things that they cannot control and often cannot see. A body of relatedmyths that is accepted by a peopleis known as its mythology. Amythology tells a people what itis most concerned about.Narrative poem（叙事诗）:Apoem that tells a story. One kindof narrative poem is the epic, along poem that sets forth theheroic ideals of a particularsociety.Onomatopoeia:The useof a word whose sound in somedegree imitates or suggests itsmeaning.Oxymoron:a figure ofspeech that combines opposite orcontradictory ideas or terms. Anoxymoron suggests a paradox, butit does so very briefly, usually intwo or three words.Paradox: Astatement that reveals a kind oftruth, although it seems at first tobe self-contradictory anduntrue.Parallelism:(a figure ofspeech) The use of phrases,clauses, or sentences that aresimilar or complementary instructure or in meaning.Parallelism is a form ofrepetition.Poetry: The mostdistinctive characteristic of poetryis form and music. Poetry isconcerned with not only what issaid but how it is said. Poetryevokes emotions rather thanexpress facts. Poetry meanshaving a poetic experience.Imagination is also an essentialquality of poetry. Poetry oftenleads us to new perceptions, newfeelings and experiences of whichwe have not previously beenaware.Psychological Realism（心理现实主义）: It is the realisticwriting that probes deeply into thecomplexities of characters’thoughts and motivations. HenryJames is considered the founderof psychological realism. Hisnovel The Ambassadors isconsidered to be a masterpiece ofpsychological realism.Realism（现实主义）: The attempt inliterature and art to represent lifeas it really is, withoutsentimentalizing or idealizing it.Realistic writing often depicts theeveryday life and speech ofordinary people. This has led,sometimes, to an emphasis onsordid details.Rhythm（节奏；韵律）: It is one of the three basicelements of traditional poetry. It isthe arrangement of stressed andunstressed syllables into a pattern.Rhythm often gives a poem adistinct musical quality. Poetsalso use rhythm to echomeaning.Sonnet（十四行诗；商籁体）: A fourteen-line lyric poem,usually written in rhymed iambicpentameter. A sonnet generallyexpresses a single theme oridea.Stanza（诗节）: It’s astructural division of a poem,consisting of a series of verselines which usually comprise arecurring pattern of meter andthyme.2. Alliteration:The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry..10. Anapest抑抑扬: It’s made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables, with the two unstressed ones in front.12 Antithesis:(a figure of speech) The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words phrases, or sentences. An antithesis is often expressed in a balanced sentence, that is, a sentence in which identical or similar grammatical structure is used to express contrasting ideas.17.Assonance(半韵, 半谐音元音相同而辅音不同的韵, 如late与make): The repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in poetry. Assonance is often employed to please the ear or emphasize certain sounds.19. Autobiography(自传；自传文学): A person’s account of his or her own life. An autobiography is generally written in narrative form and includes some introspection.21.Ballad stanza （民谣体诗节）: A type of four-line stanza. The first and third lines have four stressed words or syllables; the second and fourth lines have three stresses. Ballad meter is usually iambic. The number of unstressed syllables in each line may vary. The second and fourth lines rhyme.29.Classicism（古典主义）: A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.32. Conceit（奇喻，妙喻）: A kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit may be a brief metaphor, but it usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit.35. Consonance: The repetition of similar consonant sounds in the middle or at the end of words.36. Couplet（双行体、双偶体）: Two consecutive（[kən'sekjutiv] 连续不断的；连贯的）lines of poetry that rhyme. A heroic couplet is an iambic pentameter couplet.37 Critical Realism:The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the fouties and in the beginning of fifties. The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate（根除，根绝；消灭）social evils.42. Diction（措词）: A writer’s choice of words, particularly for clarity, effectiveness, and precision.47. Enlightenment（启蒙主义）: With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other European countries, there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class ofbourgeois against feudalism. The inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. The attempt to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people.48Epic（史诗）: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.65.Foot（音步）: It is a rhythmic unit, a specific combination of stressed and unstressed syllables.67.Free Verse（自由诗：不受格律约束的）: V erse that has either no metrical pattern or an irregular pattern.69. Iamb（抑扬格）: It is the most commonly used foot in English poetry, in which an unstressed syllable comes first, followed by a stressed syllable.70. Iambic pentameter（抑扬格五音步）: A poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an iamb—that is, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry.71. Image（意象）: We usually think with words, many of our thoughts come to us as pictures or imagined sensations in our mind. Such imagined pictures or sensations are called images.73.Imagism（意象派：1912年前后源于英美，主张主题和形式摆脱因袭之风）: It’s a poetic movement of England and the U.S. flourished from 1909 to 1917.The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by“the direct treatment of the thing”and the economy of wording. Theleaders of this movement wereEzra Pound and Amy Lowell.Lost Generation（迷惘的一代）:This term has been used againand again to describe the peopleof the postwar years. It describesthe Americans who remained inParis as a colony of “expatriates”or exiles. It describes the writerslike Hemingway who lived insemi poverty. It describes theAmericans who returned to theirnative land with an intenseawareness of living in anunfamiliar changing world. Theyoung English and Americanexpatriates, men and women,were caught in the war and cut offfrom the old values and yetunable to come to terms with thenew era when civilization hadgone mad. They wanderedpointlessly and restlessly,enjoying things like fishing,swimming, bullfight and beautiesof nature, but they were aware allthe while that the world is crazyand meaningless and futile. Theirwhole life is undercut anddefeated.Meter（韵律）: Agenerally regular pattern ofstressed and unstressed syllablesin poetry.Metonymy: A figure ofspeech in which something veryclosely associated with a thing isused to stand for or suggest thething itself.Myth:A story, oftenabout immortals and sometimesconnected with religious rituals,that is intended to give meaningto the mysteries of the world.Myths make it possible for peopleto understand and deal with thingsthat they cannot control and oftencannot see. A body of relatedmyths that is accepted by a peopleis known as its mythology. Amythology tells a people what itis most concerned about.Narrative poem（叙事诗）:Apoem that tells a story. One kindof narrative poem is the epic, along poem that sets forth theheroic ideals of a particularsociety.Onomatopoeia:The useof a word whose sound in somedegree imitates or suggests itsmeaning.Oxymoron:a figure ofspeech that combines opposite orcontradictory ideas or terms. Anoxymoron suggests a paradox, butit does so very briefly, usually intwo or three words.Paradox: Astatement that reveals a kind oftruth, although it seems at first tobe self-contradictory anduntrue.Parallelism:(a figure ofspeech) The use of phrases,clauses, or sentences that aresimilar or complementary instructure or in meaning.Parallelism is a form ofrepetition.Poetry: The mostdistinctive characteristic of poetryis form and music. Poetry isconcerned with not only what issaid but how it is said. Poetryevokes emotions rather thanexpress facts. Poetry meanshaving a poetic experience.Imagination is also an essentialquality of poetry. Poetry oftenleads us to new perceptions, newfeelings and experiences of whichwe have not previously beenaware.Psychological Realism（心理现实主义）: It is the realisticwriting that probes deeply into thecomplexities of characters’thoughts and motivations. Henry James is considered the founderof psychological realism. His novel The Ambassadors is considered to be a masterpiece of psychological realism.Realism （现实主义）: The attempt in literature and art to represent life as it really is, without sentimentalizing or idealizing it. Realistic writing often depicts the everyday life and speech of ordinary people. This has led, sometimes, to an emphasis on sordid details.Rhythm（节奏；韵律）: It is one of the three basic elements of traditional poetry. It is the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables into a pattern. Rhythm often gives a poem a distinct musical quality. Poets also use rhythm to echo meaning.Sonnet（十四行诗；商籁体）: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.Stanza（诗节）: It’s a structural division of a poem, consisting of a series of verse lines which usually comprise a recurring pattern of meter and thyme.2. Alliteration:The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry..10. Anapest抑抑扬: It’s made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables, with the two unstressed ones in front.12 Antithesis:(a figure of speech) The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words phrases, or sentences. An antithesis is often expressed in a balanced sentence, that is, a sentence in which identical or similar grammatical structure is used to express contrasting ideas.17.Assonance(半韵, 半谐音元音相同而辅音不同的韵, 如late与make): The repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in poetry. Assonance is often employed to please the ear or emphasize certain sounds.19. Autobiography(自传；自传文学): A person’s account of his or her own life. An autobiography is generally written in narrative form and includes some introspection.21.Ballad stanza （民谣体诗节）: A type of four-line stanza. The first and third lines have four stressed words or syllables; the second and fourth lines have three stresses. Ballad meter is usually iambic. The number of unstressed syllables in each line may vary. The second and fourth lines rhyme.29.Classicism（古典主义）: A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity,balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.32. Conceit（奇喻，妙喻）: A kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit may be a brief metaphor, but it usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit.35. Consonance: The repetition of similar consonant sounds in the middle or at the end of words.36. Couplet（双行体、双偶体）: Two consecutive（[kən'sekjutiv] 连续不断的；连贯的）lines of poetry that rhyme. A heroic couplet is an iambic pentameter couplet.37 Critical Realism:The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the fouties and in the beginning of fifties. The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate（根除，根绝；消灭）social evils.42. Diction（措词）: A writer’s choice of words, particularly for clarity, effectiveness, and precision.47. Enlightenment（启蒙主义）: With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other European countries, there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class ofbourgeois against feudalism. Theinequality, stagnation, prejudicesand other survivals of feudalism.The attempt to place all branchesof science at the service ofmankind by connecting them withthe actual deeds and requirementsof the people.48Epic（史诗）: Along narrative poem telling aboutthe deeds of a great hero andreflecting the values of the societyfrom which it originated. Manyepics were drawn from an oraltradition and were transmitted bysong and recitation before theywere written down.65.Foot（音步）: It is a rhythmic unit, aspecific combination of stressedand unstressed syllables.67.FreeVerse（自由诗：不受格律约束的）: V erse that has either nometrical pattern or an irregularpattern.69. Iamb（抑扬格）: It isthe most commonly used foot inEnglish poetry, in which anunstressed syllable comes first,followed by a stressed syllable.70.Iambic pentameter（抑扬格五音步）: A poetic line consisting offive verse feet, with each foot aniamb—that is, an unstressedsyllable followed by a stressedsyllable. Iambic pentameter is themost common verse line inEnglish poetry.71. Image（意象）:We usually think with words,many of our thoughts come to usas pictures or imagined sensationsin our mind. Such imaginedpictures or sensations are calledimages.73.Imagism（意象派：1912年前后源于英美，主张主题和形式摆脱因袭之风）: It’s apoetic movement of England andthe U.S. flourished from 1909 to1917.The movement insists on thecreation of images in poetry by“the direct treatment of the thing”and the economy of wording. Theleaders of this movement wereEzra Pound and Amy Lowell.Lost Generation（迷惘的一代）:This term has been used againand again to describe the peopleof the postwar years. It describesthe Americans who remained inParis as a colony of “expatriates”or exiles. It describes the writerslike Hemingway who lived insemi poverty. It describes theAmericans who returned to theirnative land with an intenseawareness of living in anunfamiliar changing world. Theyoung English and Americanexpatriates, men and women,were caught in the war and cut offfrom the old values and yetunable to come to terms with thenew era when civilization hadgone mad. They wanderedpointlessly and restlessly,enjoying things like fishing,swimming, bullfight and beautiesof nature, but they were aware allthe while that the world is crazyand meaningless and futile. Theirwhole life is undercut anddefeated.Meter（韵律）: Agenerally regular pattern ofstressed and unstressed syllablesin poetry.Metonymy: A figure ofspeech in which something veryclosely associated with a thing isused to stand for or suggest thething itself.Myth:A story, oftenabout immortals and sometimesconnected with religious rituals,that is intended to give meaningto the mysteries of the world.Myths make it possible for peopleto understand and deal with things that they cannot control and often cannot see. A body of related myths that is accepted by a people is known as its mythology. A mythology tells a people what it is most concerned about. Narrative poem（叙事诗）:A poem that tells a story. One kind of narrative poem is the epic, a long poem that sets forth the heroic ideals of a particular society.Onomatopoeia:The use of a word whose sound in some degree imitates or suggests its meaning.Oxymoron:a figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory ideas or terms. An oxymoron suggests a paradox, but it does so very briefly, usually in two or three words.Paradox: A statement that reveals a kind of truth, although it seems at first to be self-contradictory and untrue.Parallelism:(a figure of speech) The use of phrases, clauses, or sentences that are similar or complementary in structure or in meaning. Parallelism is a form of repetition.Poetry: The most distinctive characteristic of poetry is form and music. Poetry is concerned with not only what is said but how it is said. Poetry evokes emotions rather than express facts. Poetry means having a poetic experience. Imagination is also an essential quality of poetry. Poetry often leads us to new perceptions, new feelings and experiences of which we have not previously been aware.Psychological Realism（心理现实主义）: It is the realistic writing that probes deeply into the complexities of characters’ thoughts and motivations. Henry James is considered the founder of psychological realism. His novel The Ambassadors is considered to be a masterpiece of psychological realism.Realism （现实主义）: The attempt in literature and art to represent life as it really is, without sentimentalizing or idealizing it. Realistic writing often depicts the everyday life and speech of ordinary people. This has led, sometimes, to an emphasis on sordid details.Rhythm（节奏；韵律）: It is one of the three basic elements of traditional poetry. It is the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables into a pattern. Rhythm often gives a poem a distinct musical quality. Poets also use rhythm to echo meaning.Sonnet（十四行诗；商籁体）: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.Stanza（诗节）: It’s a structural division of a poem, consisting of a series of verse lines which usually comprise a recurring pattern of meter and thyme.。

英美文学选读中文翻译及重点习题答案英国文学(AMERICAN LITERATURE)第五章现代时期(The Modern Period)一、背景知识(Background knowledge)1、历史背景(Historical background)（1）一般认为第一次世界大战是英国历史的分水岭，因为这场战争给英国社会的各个领域带来了急剧的变化。

暴风骤雨般的第一次世界大战极大地削弱了大英帝国，使英国有史以来第一次成为债务国，伦敦失去了其世界金融中心的地位。

战后经济的混乱和精神的幻灭对英国人民产生了深远的影响，他们开始认清资本主义普遍存在的罪恶。

（2）第二次世界大战标志着大英帝国的最终瓦解，在这场战争中英国损失惨重。

更糟的是随着战争的结束，英国的殖民地掀起了声势浩大的独立运动。

到1970年，英国几乎失去了所有的前殖民地，昔日的“日不落帝国”终于瓦解。

（3）大英帝国的结束极大地削弱了它的实力和对世界的影响，战后英国对其国际地位的改变所作的调整是艰难、痛苦的。

这几乎用了二十年的时间才让大多数英国人真正理解和接受英国不再是世界事务的中心这样一个事实。

然而，英国成功地度过最困难的时期，今天它依然是世界上主要的资本主义国家之一。

2、文化背景(Cultural background)（1）19世纪后半期以及20世纪头几十年，欧洲自然科学和社会科学得到巨大的发展。

在意识形态方面，自然科学的发展产生了各种各样的悲观论和宿命论。

自然主义是这些论点在文学上的一种反映。

达尔文的进化论、爱因斯坦的相对论等等理论在20世纪的头几十年对塑造人们的心理状态产生了极大的影响。

然而，更重要的是弗洛伊德的分析心理学，因为这种心理分析的方法在现实生活中以及在文学中极大地改变了人们对人类本性的看法。

（2）在社会科学领域，马克思和恩格斯提出了科学社会主义理论，事实证明这种理论不仅是一种指导原则，而且鼓励着劳动人民为自身的解放而斗争。

同时，唯心主义哲学也蓬勃兴起，叔本华、尼采、伯格森等名列本时期最著名的人物之中。

《英美文学》练习测试题库及答案本科I Of the four alternative answer, choose the one that would best plete the statement:1.Benjamin Franklin was born in the family of a small _____________.A. LandlordB. merchantC. lawyerD. clergyman2.Ralph Waldo Emerson’s leading reputation began with the publication of_____________.A. EssaysB. NatureC. OversoulD. Self-Relience3.Ellen Poe was both a poet and a _____________________.A. dramatistB. essayist C actor D. fiction writer.4.Nathaniel Hawthorne’s view of man and human history originates in __________________.A. PuritanismB. SocialismC. TranscendentalismD. naturalism5.Walt Whitman was born and brought up in a family of a ______________.A. PeasantB. carpenterC. captainD. printer6.Mark Twain’s first successful literary work is _____________________________.A. The Celebrated Jumping Frog of CalaverasCountyB. Life on the MississippiC. The Adventure of Tom SawyerD. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn7.Closely related to Emily Dickinson’s religious poetry are her poems concerning _______________.A. ChildhoodB.youth and happinessC. lonelinessD. death and immortality8.Among the works of Dreiser, the bet known to the Chinese readers is _________________.A. An American TragedyB. Sister CarrieC. Th FinancierD. The Titan9.Robert Frost’s works mainly focus on the landscape and people in _________________.A. the WestB. American SouthC. New EnglandD. Mississippi10.Most of the plays Eugene O’Neill wrote are _______________________.A. ediesB. . romancesC. historical plays D tragedies11.Scott Fitzgerald is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the ______________________.A. modern timeB. young AmericansC. Jazz AgeD. Guilded Age12._______________________________ is Hemingway’s masterpiece, which is about the old fishermanSantiago and his losing battle with a giant marlin.A. Farewell to ArmsB.For whom the Bell TollsC.The Sun Also RisesD. The Old Man and The Sea13. As a great fiction writer, William Faulker devotes most of his works to the description of the life and the people in the __________________________.A. American WestB. New England in AmericaC. American SouthD. American North14.When he was young, Benjamin Franklin became an apprentice in a __________________.A. printing houseB. storeC. Tailor’s shopD. factory15.Ralph Emerson was born in a family of a _____________________.A. merchantB. businessmanC. clergymanD. writer16.Ellen Poe began his literary career by writing ___________________;A. short storiesB. playsC. essaysD. poems17.According to Nathaniel Hawthorne, there is _________ in every hearer, which may remain latent, perhaps,through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity.A. evilB. virtueC. kindnessD. tragedy18.Whitman is radically innovative in term of form of his poetry. What he prefers for his new subjects and newfeelings is _____________.A. blank verseB. free verseC. heroic coupletD. sonnet19.Mark Twain shaped the world’s view of America and made a bination of serious literature and _______.A. American folk humorB. English folkloreC. American traditional valuesD. funny jokes20.Altogether, Emily Dickinson wrote ______ poems, of which only severn had appeared during her lifetime.A. 1145B. 1775C. 897D. 78521.Theodore Dreiser is generally acknowledged as one of America’s literary ________________.A. realistsB. naturalistsC. romantistsD. modernists22.In Frost’s poems, images and metaphors in his poems are drawn from _________________.A. the simple country lifeB. the urban lifeC. the life on the seaD. the adventures and trips23.Scott Fitzgerald never spared an intimate touch in his fiction to deal with the bankruptcy of the_______________________________.A. American DreamB. ruling classesB. American Capitalists D.American bourgeoisie24.Eugene O’Neill is regarded as the founder of American _____________________.A. poetryB. dramaC. fictionD. literature25.___________________ is Hemingway’s masterpiece, which tells a story about the tragic love of a woundedAmerican soldier with a British nurse.A. A Farewell to ArmsB.The Sun Also RisesC. For Whom the Bell TollsD. In Our Time26.William Faulkner was born in a family of a _______________________.A. merchantB. colonelC. managerD. doctor27. In his essays, ______ put forward his philosophy of the over soul, the important of the Individual and Nature.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. WashingtonIrvingC. Mark TwainD. Ralph Waldo Emerson28.The chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism is __________A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Henry David ThoreauD. WashingtonIrving29.______ literary world turns out to be a most disturbed, tormented and problematical one, which has much todo with his “black” vision of life and human beings.A. Herman Melville’sB. Washington Irving’sC. Nathaniel Hawthorne’sD. Walt Whitman’s30.Most of the poems in _____ sing of the “en-masse” and the self as well.A. Leaves of GrassB. Drum TapsC. North of BostonD. The Cantos31.In _____, Whitman airs his sorrow at President Lincoln’s death.A. “Cavalry Crossing a Ford”B. “A Pact”C. When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’dD. There was a Child Went Forth”32.In _____, Whitman’s own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young growingAmerica.A. “A Pact”B. “Song of Myself”C. “There was a Child Went Forth”D. “Cavalry Crossing a Ford”33.In ______, Hawthorne sets out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret.A. “The Custom-House”B. “Young Goodman Brown”C. “Rappaccini’s Daughter”D. “The Birthmark"34.______ is called by Hemingway the one from which “all modern American literature es.”A. The adventures of Huckleberry Fin nB. The Adventures of Tom S awyerC. The Gilded AgeD. Life on the Mississippi35.Theodore Dreiser’s forgiving treatment of the career of his heroine in ______ also draws heavily upon thenaturalistic understanding of sexuality.A McTeague B. An American Tragedy C. Sister Carri e D. The Genius36._______ is a great giant of American, whom H.L.Mencken considers “the true father of our nationalliterature.”A. Henry JamesB. WashingtonIrvingC. Mark TwainD. Theodore Dreiser37._______ is usually regarded as a classic book written for boys about their particular horrors and joys.A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. Innocents AbroadD. Life on the Mississippi38._______ is described by Mark Twain as a boy with “a sound heart and a deformed conscience.”A. Tom SawyerB. Huckleberry FinnC. JimD.Tony39._________ is considered to be Theodore Dreiser’s greatest work.A. An American TragedyB. Sister CarrieC. The FinancierD. The Titan40.The leading playwright of the modern period in American literature, if not the most successful in all hisexperiments, is _______A. Arthur MillerB. Tennessee WilliamC. George Bernard ShawD. Eugene O’Neil41.The well-known soliloquy by Hamlet “To be , or not to be’ shows hisA.hatred for his uncleB.love for lifeC. resolution of revengeD. inner- strife42.________ is a play that concerns the problem of modern man’s identity.A. The Hairy ApeB. Long Day’s Journey Into NightC. The Iceman ethD. The Emperor Jones43.In a tragic sense, _______ is a representation of life as a struggle against unconquerable forces in which onlya partial victory is possible.A. For Whom the Bell TollsB. In Our TimeC. The Old Man and the SeaD. A Farewell to Arms44.Faulkner once said that ________ is a story of “ lost innocence,’ which proves itself to be and intensificationof the theme of imprisonment in the past.A. The Sound and the FuryB. Light in AugustC. Go Down, MosesD. Absalom, Absalom!45.In A Rose for Emily, Faulkner makes best use of the _______ devices in narration.A. RomanticB. RealisticC. GothicD. Modernist46._______ is Hemingway’s first true novel in which he depicts a vivid portrait of “The lost Generation.”A. The Sun Also RisesB. A Farewell to ArmsC. In Our TimeD. For Whom the Bell Tolls47.The only dramatist ever to win a Nobel Prize was ___________.A. Bernard ShawB. Eugene O’NeilC. Richard Brinsley SheridanD. William Shakespeare48.By means of “free verse,” _______ believes that he has turned the poem into an open field, an area of vitalpossibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.A. Emily DickinsonB. Walt WhitmanC. Robert FrostD. Ezra Pound49.An eccentric woman who refuses to accept the passage of time, or the inevitable change and loss thatacpanies it may probably refer to _______.A. Irene in The Man of PropertyB. Emily in A Rose for EmilyC. Catherine in WutheringHeightsD. the widow Douglas in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn50.One source of evil that Nathaniel Hawthorne is concerned most is overreaching intellect. Which of thefollowing stories is one of this kind?A. Rappaccini’s DaughterB. Young Goodman BrownC. The Minister’s Black VeilD. The Birthmark51. “ In your rocking-chair, by your window, shall you dream such happiness as you may never feel.” This is the last sentence of _______ .A. Sister CarrieB. An American TragedyC. The GeniusD. Jane Eyre52.In Walt Whitman’s “There was a Child Went Forth,”the child refers to ________.A. the poet himself as a childB. any American childC. the young AmericaD. one of the poet’s neighbor53.The _______ techniques are used in some of Eugene O’Neil’s plays to highlight the theatrical effect of therupture between the two sides of an individual human being, the private and the public.A. naturalisticB. expressionisticC. stream-of-consciousnessD. metaphysical54.Which of the following is true as far as Emily Dickinson’s poetry is concerned?A. She seldom uses dashes.B. All her poems are about death or immorality.C. Her poems are very personal and meditativeD. Her poems usually have well-chosen titles.55.In his poems, Whitman tends to use ______.A. oral EnglishB. the King’s EnglishC. American EnglishD. old English56.As far as Nathaniel Hawthorne’s art is concerned, which of the following statement is true?A. His The Scarlet Letter tells a love story.B. His art is deeply influenced by Puritanism because he was a puritan himself.C. Young Goodman Brown is a story about superstition.D. Ambiguity is one of the salient characteristics of his art.57.“I like to see it lap the Miles—And lick the Valleys up —And stop to feed itself at Tanks—And then —…”(Emily Dickinson, “I like to see it lap the Miles—“)Here “it” refers to ______ .A. loveB. deathC. a flyD. the train58.Which of the following statements concerning Theodore Dreiser’s style is correct?A. Dreiser’s Cowperwood trilogy includes The Financier, The Titan and The GeniusB. His novels have little detail descriptions of characters and events.C. His novels are written in refined language.D. His style is not polished but very serious.59.______ has long been well known as a poet who can hardly be classified with the old or the new.A. Ezra PoundB. Robert Lee FrostC. T. S. EliotD. Emily Dickinson60.F. Scott Fitzgerald skillfully employs the device of having events observe by _______ to his great advantage.A. a “central consciousness”B. his double visionC. more than one witnessD. the protagonists61.Shakespeare wrote ___________sonnets.A. 125B. 154C. 245D. 13862.Francis Bacon is not only a great ____________, but also the founder of modern science.A. poetB. essayistC. dramatistD. novelist63.John Milton became blind mainly because of_______________.A. readingB. diseaseC. hard workD. accident64.Paradise lost is a great __________ consisting of 12 books.A.epicB.storyC.lyric poemD.narrative poem65.The most important representative work by Jonathan Swift is “___________________”.A.A Tale of a TubB.The Battle of the BooksC.A Modest ProposalD.Gulliver’s Travels66.The first edy Sheridan wrote is __________________.A.The School for ScandalB.The CriticC.A Trip to ScarboroughD.The Rivals67.”____________________” is the cooperative work of William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge.A.Tintern AbbeyB.The Rime of the Ancient MarinerC.Lyrical BalladsD.Prelude68.“The Isles of Greece” is a part of Byron’s masterpiece “___________________”A.Don JuanB.Childe Harold’s PrigrimageC.Oriental TalesD.Manfred69.Percy Shelly’s greatest achievement is his four- act poetic drama “_____________”.A.Men of EnglandB.Prometheus UnboundC.Ode to the West WindD.The Revolt of Islam70.At the age of fifteen, Keats became an apprentice to a ______________.ndlordB.apothecaryC.stable keeperD.doctor71.Jane Austen was the daughter of a ____________________.ndlordB.merchantwyerD.rector72.The novel Pride and prejudice by Austen mainly centres round the relationship between __________.A. Mr.Bennet and Mrs.BennetB. Darcy and ElizabethC. Bingley and JaneD. Sir William and Luccas73.Bronte Sisters are all outstanding ________________.A.essayistsB. playwrightsC.poetsD.novelists74.Most of Hardy’s later works show his ___________ view of life.A.optimisticB.pessimisticC.practicalD.ironical75.Structurally and thematically Bernad Shaw followed the great traditions of _________A. realismB. romanticism.C. modernismD.classicism76.Shakespeare is one of the greatest playwrights and _________________________ the world has ever known.A.poetsB.novelistsC.essayistsD.critics77.The greatest plays Shakespeare creates are________________.A. historiesB. ediesC. tragediesD.tragiedies78. Bacon is not only a essayist and philosopher, but also a _________________.A. lawyerB. scientistC.historianD.dramatist79.John Milton is a great poet in the _____________________PeoriD.A.RenaissanceB. NeoclassicalC.RomanticD. Realist80.The story of Paradise lost is taken from __________________.A. a legendB. BibleC. an epicD. a folklore81.In 1689 Jonathan Swift became the __________________of Sir William.A.House-keeperB.servantC.private secretaryD.steward82. The representative play Sheridan wrote is “ __________________”.A.The School for ScandalB.The CriticC.A Trip to ScarboroughD.The Rivals83. Lyrical Ballads is the cooperative work of William Wordsworth and _________________.A. Samuel ColeridgeB.Robert SoutheyC.John KeatsD. Percy Bysshe Shelley84. The Isles of Greece of Byron is taken from “_______________________”.A. Hours of IdlenessB. Don JuanC. Childe Harold PilgrimageD. Cain85. The first long serious work of Shelly is ________________________.A. The Necessity of AtheismB. Queen MabC.The Spirit of SolitudeD. Ode to the West Wind86. Keats’ father was a ______________.A. landlordB. apothecaryC. stable keeperD. doctor87. Jane Austen was the daughter of a ____________________.ndlordB.merchantC. lawyerD.rector88. As a novelist,Emily Bronte was also good at writing________________.A.essaysB. playsC. poemsD.stories89．The first novel written by Thomas Hardy is “__________________”.A. Desperate RemediesB. Under the Greenwoodc.The Return of the Native D. The Mayor of Casterbridge90.Shakespeare was the son of a _________________________.A. clerkndlordC.traderwyer91.”_______________” is NOT one of the four great tragedies of Shakespeare.A.OthelloB.King LearC.Romeo and JulietD.Macbeth92.The total number of the essays published by Bacon is_________________.A.10B.26C.45D. 5893.John Milton became blind at the age of 48,mainly because of_______________.A.readingB.deseaseC.hard workD.accident94.Paradise lost is a great epic consisting _____________ books.A. 8B. 10C. 12D. 1495.In 1689 Jonathan Swift became the __________________of Sir William.A.House-keeperB.servantC.private secretaryD.steward96. The first edy Sheridan wrote is “ __________________”.A.The School for ScandalB.The CriticC.A Trip to ScarboroughD.The Rivals97.”____________________” is the cooperative work of William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge.A. Tintern AbbeyB. The Rime of the Ancient MarinerC. Lyrical BalladsD. Prelude98. The first volume of poems of Byron is “_______________________”.A. Hours of IdlenessB. Don JuanC. Childe Harold PilgrimageD. Cain99. Percy Shelly was expelled from OxfordUniversity because he wrote a pamphlet “On the Necessity of_____________”.A. AtheismB. AestheticsC. AthleticsD. Ethics100. Keats was born in the family of a ______________.A. landlordB. apothecaryC. stable keeperD. doctor选择：1—5 B. B. D. A. B. 6—10 A. D. B. C. D 11—15 C.D. C. A C 16—20 D A B A B21—25 B A A B. A 26—30 A D. B. C. A. 31—35 C. C. B. A. C. 36—40 C. A.B. A. D.41—45 D A. C. A. C.46—50 A. B. B. B. A. 51—55 A. C. B. C.A. 56—60 D.D. D. B. A.61—65 B B C A D 66—70 D C A B B 71—75 D B D B A 76—80 A C B A B81—85 C A A B B 86—90 B D C A C 91—95 C D C C C 96—100 D C A A C判断：1—10 T F T T F F F F T F 11—20F F T T F F T T F F 21—30 F F T T F T F T F T 31—40 F F F T T F F F T F Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.( ) 1. Leaves of Grass established Walt Whitman as the most popular American poet of the 19th century. ( ) 2. The poem “Song of Myself” got this title from the first edition.( ) 3. Puritanism and Calvinistic doctrine have great effects on Hawthorne’s writing.( ) 4. According to Emerson, man is divine in nature and therefore forever perfectible.( ) 5. Walt Whitman is granted the honor of being “the American Goldsmith” for his literary craftsmanship. ( ) 6. Emersonian Transcendentalism inspired a whole generation of famous authors like Whitman, Dickinson and Mark Twain.( ) 7. As a Puritan, Hawthorne embraced the Puritanical doctrines and expresses them in his novels. ( ) 8. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne intends to tell a love story and a story of sin.( ) 9. Hawthorne is a master of symbolism, which he took from the Puritan tradition and bequeathed to American literature in a revivified form.( ) 10. Walt Whitman follows only one theme in his Leaves of Grass, that is, the burgeoning life in cities. ( ) 11. Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass are written in heroic couplet.( ) 12. Life on the Mississippi tells a story of Henry James’s boyhood ambition to bee a riverboat pilot up and down the Mississippi.( ) 13. Emily Dickinson’s poems are usually based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys. ( ) 14. Theodore Dreiser is greatly influenced by Darwinism and it is not surprising to find in his fiction a world of jungle, where “kill or to be killed” is the law.( ) 15. In “This is my letter to the World”Dickinson expressed her reluctance to municate with the outside world.( ) 16. Each of Emily Dickinson’s poems has a well-chosen title.( ) 17. Emily Dickinson’s poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way, covering love, death and nature.( ) 18. In Robert Lee Frost’s poems, profound ideas are delivered under the disguise of the plain language and the simple form.( ) 19. Robert Lee Frost has long been well known as a poet who belongs to the new.( ) 20. Robert Frost wrote most of his poems in free verse.( ) 21. Eugene O’Neil, Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams are together called “founders of the American drama.”( ) 22. Fitzgerald shows an interest both in the upper-class society and in the lower-class society. ( ) 23. Hemingway develops the style of colloquialism initiated by Mark Twain.( ) 24. In his novels, William Faulkner exploits the modern steam-of –consciousness technique to emphasize the reactions and inner musings of the narrator.( ) 25. Benjamin Franklin is a early feminist, because he thinks that women should receive education.( ) 26. Emerson’s lasting reputation was established by his masterpiece Essays.( ) 27. Ellen Poe wrote many poems, so he has a very important position as poet; he wrote about 70 short stories and is regarded as a pioneer of the detective fiction and the horror fiction in the west.( ) 28. In style, her poems are characterized by their brevity, directness and plainness( ) 29. Philosophically, the naturalists believe that the real and true is always pletely hidden from the understanding of the individual or beyond his control.( ) 30. The defining formal characteristics of the modernistic works are discontinuity and fragmentation. ( ) 31.English critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of drama.( ) 32.The greatest English playwright of the 18th century was Goldsmith, whose best play is "The School for Scandal".( ) 33. In 1805, Southey pleted a long autobiographical poem entiled "The Prelude".( ) 34. The Romantic Age began in 1789 when Wordsworth and Coleridge published their joint work "The Lyrical Ballads".( ) 35. Paradise Lost is Milton's masterpiece; the story is taken from the Old Testament: Satan and other angels rebel against God.( ) 36. George Bernard Shaw was born in Dublin, Scotland.( ) 37. Byron's masterpiece is Tom Jones.( ) 38. Novel writing made a big advance in the 18th century. the main characters in the novels were no longer mon people, but the kings and nobles.( ) 39. Shakespeare'a prime creating period lies in his third period when his greatest tragedies were written. ( ) 40. Tess is arrested and hanged because she murders her seducer Clare.III. Paraphrase the following quotations:1.The Eyes around—had wrung them dry—And Breaths were gathering firmFor that last Onset—when the KingBe witnessed—in the Room—( Dickinson: I heard a fly buzz—when I died )答案：My relatives and friends had cried so that there were no tears any more. I hold my breath and got ready for the last attack of Death when he appeared in the room.2.To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitarywhilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But if a man would be alone, let him look at the stars.The rays that e from those heavenly worlds, will separate between him and vulgar things.( Emerson: Nature )答案：To be solitary, a man should also leave his room.When I am reading or writing, I amnot alone. When a man looks at the stars, his mind can be purified and above the dirty things.3. I shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence;Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—I took the one I less traveled by,And that has made all the differenceRobert Frost: The Road Not Taken答案：In the future I shall tell this with some regret: facing the two roads, I chose a road few people had traveled by, and that has decided my whole life.4.Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them?( Hamlet )答案：We are facing two choices: to endure suffering in our life patiently or to take up arms and fight. Which is nobler?5.Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business.( Of Studies )答案：To get pleasure of reading, you should be alone; to show your elequence, you should talk with others; to improve your ability, you should use the bookish knowledge in the judgement and arrangement of business.6.Must we but weep o’er days more blest ?Must we but blush ?— Our father bled.(The Isles of Greece )答案：Must we only weep for the past happy time ?Must we only feel ashamed , our fathers fought and died.So we must take up arms and fight.7. When old age this generation waste,Thou shall remain, in midst of other woeThan ours, a fiend to man, to whom thou say’st;“Beauty is truth, truth beauty.”– that is allYe know on earth, and all ye need to know.( Ode on a Grecian Urn )答案：When the old generation die, you shall live in the sorrows of another generation. You tell the people that truth and beauty are one, and that is all you know and need to know.8.The sun illuminates only the eye of the man, but shines into the eye and the heart of the child.Emerson: Nature答案：The sun only lights up the adult superficially, but it lights up both the eye and the depth of the soul of the child .This means the child is purer than the adult.9.It is when the feet weary and hope seems vain that the heartaches and the longings arise. Know then, thatfor you is neither surfeit nor content. In your rocking-chair, by your window dreaming, shall you long, alone.In your rocking-chair, by your window, shall you dream such happiness as you may never feel.Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie答案：When you are tired and hopeless, desire will appear in your heart. When you sit in your arm-chair by the window, you are dreaming of the happiness, but you can never get it.10. A wafer of moon was shining over Gatsby’s house, making the night fine as before, and surviving the laughter and the sound of his glowing garden. A sudden emptiness seemed to flow now from the windows andthe great doors, endowing with plete isolatio the fighre of the host who stood othe porch, his hand up in as formal gesture of farewell.(Scott Fitzgerald: Great Gatsby)答案：After the guests left, the laughter and the music faded, but the moon was still thining and the night was still fine. An emptiness overwhelmed the whole place, the figure of Gatsby became very lonely and isolated.11. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them,…( Of Studies)答案：Men with experience look down upon reading, ignorant people admire reading, wise people make use of the knowledge from books.12．And every fair from fair sometimes declines.By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmedBut thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st.(Sonnet 18)答案：Every beautiful thing and person can not keep its or his beauty for ever, because of the accidents or natural law.13Place me on Sunium’s marbled steep,Where nothing, save the wave and I,May hear our mutual murmurs sweep;There, swan-like, let me sing and die;A land of slaves shall ne’er be mine…( Isles of Greece )答案：Let me stand on the cliff by the sea alone and murmur to the waves. I would die as a swan after I sing my last song, because I would not live as a slave in my country.14. “So much the worse for me, that I am strong. Do I want to live?What kind of living will it be when you – oh, God! Would you like to live with your soul in the grave?”(Wuthering Hights)答案：I am strong, but this is even worse, because after you die, my life will be torture.15．“I love my murderer---but not yours!”(Wuthering Hights)答案：Even if you kill me, I still love you; But you kill yourself. I can never forgive you for that.Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly:1.Why did Benjamin Franklin sit up late in his room?Answer: Because he had to finish reading the books he borrowed from the apprentices of the booksellers, so he could return the books in the morning.2.What is Emerson’s great contribution to American philosophy and literature?。