上海市十一校2016届高三12月联考物理试卷

启慧·全国大联考十二月联考试卷 2016届高三 物理试卷 时间:12月7日上午10：30-12：00 考生注意: 1、本试卷分第I卷(选择)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。

满分110分，答题时间90分钟，答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2作答时，将答实写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第卷(选择题)2、如图所示，两个完全相同的物块在同一粗糙水平面上，分别在水平推力F1和斜向下推力F2的作用下以相同的速度向前运动了相同的距离，此过程中，两个力做的功分别为W1和W2，两个力的功率分别为P1和P2，则()A、W1>W2 P1=P2B、W1=W2 P1 W2 P1>P2 D、W1<W2 P1 <p2 3、某同学在实验室连出了如图所示电路图，灯泡电阻为RL，滑动变阻器总阻值为R1，定值电阻R2和R3，电源内阻r，在滑动触头由a端滑向b端的过程中，若已知R1=R2=RL=r，下列表述正确的是( ) A、灯泡逐渐变亮 B、电源的输出功率先变大后变小 C、电源的输出功率一直变小 D、电源内阻消耗的功率一直变小 4、一物体放在光滑水平地面上。

如图所示图线表示作用在物体上的水平外力随时间变化的关系，若物体开始时是静止的，那么( ) A、从t=0开始，4s内物体的动能变化量为零 B、在前4s内只有第2 s末物体的动能最大 C、在前4 s内只有第4s末物体的速率最大 D、前4s内第2s末物体离出发点最远 5、如图所示，一质量为m的小球用两根长度不等且不可伸长的细绳AC和BC系于竖直转轴上，两绳能承担的最大拉力相同，均为2mg。

转轴不转动时，AC绳被拉直且为竖直方向，BC绳处于松弛状态，现将转轴转动起来。

且转动角速度从零开始不断增大到两绳均被拉断，当BC绳被拉直时，BC绳处于水平，AC绳与竖直转轴的夹角为37°，则下列说法正确的是( ) A、在两绳被拉断之前，随着的增大，AC绳的拉力不断增大 B、在两绳被拉断之前，随着的增大，AC绳的拉力先增大后保持不变 C、在两绳被拉断之前，AC绳的拉力一直大于BC绳的拉力 D、当达到一定值时BC绳先断裂，然后当增大到另一更大值时AC绳断裂 6、有一质量为M、倾角为的光滑斜面体置于光滑水平地面上，另有一质量为m的物体由静止沿斜面下滑，如图所示，则在物体下滑过程中，下列说法正确的是( ) A、斜面体对地面的压力小于(M+m)g B、物体对斜面体的压力大小为mgcos C、物体的机械能守恒 D、物体减少的重力势能全部转化为斜面体的动能，系统机械能守恒 7、示波器中重要的组成部分之一是示波管，如图所示为示波管的示意图，以屏幕的中心为坐标原点，建立如图所示的直角坐标系xoy，当在XX这对电极上加上恒定的电压Uxx=2 V。

2015学年度第一学期十一校联考高三生命科学试卷本试卷分为选择题和综合题两部分，满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

注意：请将答案写在答题纸上。

一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）1.下列感受器与其功能对应错误的是A．侧线——感受水中气味分子 B．颊窝——感受红外线C．前庭器——感受身体平衡 D．耳蜗——感受声波2.下列关于细胞中化合物的叙述错误的是A.糖原和淀粉的彻底水解产物都只有葡萄糖B.糖元、蛋白质、纤维素和淀粉都是生物体内的大分子有机物C.水是生命之源，是生物体内有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸共同的终产物D.在豌豆根细胞中由A、G、T、U四种碱基参与构成的核苷酸最多有6种3.下列有关ATP和ADP的叙述错误的是A.每个ATP分子中含有两个磷酸键B.线粒体合成的ATP可在细胞核中发挥作用C.在有氧与缺氧的条件下细胞质基质中都能形成ATPD.叶绿体中ADP由叶绿体基质向类囊体运动，ATP则向相反方向运动4.关于下图所示生物或细胞的叙述，正确的是a：噬菌体b：蓝藻c：酵母菌d：叶肉细胞A.abcd均在DNA中储存遗传信息B. abcd均能进行有氧呼吸C.bd均可在叶绿体中合成有机物D. bcd均有纤维素和果胶构成的细胞壁5.科学家设计并合成了由47个核苷酸组成的单链DNA-E47，它可以催化两个DNA片段之间的连接。

下列有关分析不正确的是A．DNA-E47分子的特异性取决于其特定的碱基排列顺序B．在DNA-E47中，相邻碱基通过“脱氧核糖磷酸脱氧核糖”相连C.在DNA-E47中，每个脱氧核糖上均连有一个磷酸D．DNA-E47作用的底物和DNA聚合酶作用的底物不同6.右图中曲线a、b表示物质跨膜运输的两种方式,下列分析正确的是A.CO 2通过方式a 运输B.Na 离子通过方式a 进入神经细胞C.低温只会影响方式b 的运输D.方式b 表示物质顺浓度梯度的运输7．下列各组化合物中全部是内环境成分的是A.O 2、CO 2、血红蛋白B.Na +、HPO 42-、尿素、氨基酸C.血浆蛋白、Ca 2+、载体D.H 2O 2酶、抗体、胰岛素8．处于剧烈运动状态下的人体骨骼肌细胞进行细胞呼吸，分解葡萄糖过程产生CO 2的物质的量与消耗O 2的物质的量的比值是A ．大于0但小于1B ．等于1C ．大于1但小于4/3D ．大于4/39.右图为叶绿体色素提取与分离的纸层析结果，对此的解释正确的是A ．用蒸馏水提取色素的结果B ．研磨前未加入CaCO 3C ．研磨前未加入石英砂（SiO2）或划线次数太少D ．层析时色素线浸没在层析液中10.下列是有关实验问题的叙述，其中错误的是 （ ） A ．观察小麦根毛细胞的质壁分离时，需缩小光圈B ．番茄汁中含有丰富的葡萄糖和果糖，但不可用作还原糖鉴定的材料C ．利用目镜测微尺在显微镜视野中可直接测量物象的大小D ．探究影响光合作用因素实验中，采用真空渗水法可测量光合作用释放氧气的量11.右图曲线a 和b 不能用于分别表示A ．夏季晴天正午时分棉花叶肉细胞中ADP 和[H]含量的变化B ．萌发的植物种子在出土之前有机物种类和干重的变化C ．质壁分离过程中植物细胞液浓度和原生质层长度的变化D ．细胞分化程度和全能性高低的变化12.疟原虫生活史复杂，先在雌性按蚊完成受精作用，后寄生于人的肝细胞发育到一定阶段，破肝细胞而出侵入红细胞，发育至一定阶段破红细胞而出（此时被按蚊吸去可继续循环其生活史），病人出现发冷发热的疟疾症状。

2015学年度第二学期12校联考高三物理考试试卷说明：1．答卷前，考生务必将姓名、准考证号等填写清楚。

2．考生应用黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔将答案写在答题纸相对应的位置上。

3．第30、31、32、33题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。

只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程的，不能得分。

有关物理量的数值计算问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。

第I 卷一．单选题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分） 1.关于物理学史，下列说法中符合史实的是（ ） （A ）卡文迪什发现了万有引力定律 （B ）麦克斯韦提出了光的电磁说 （C ）汤姆生提出了原子的核式结构模型（D ）贝克勒尔在研究天然放射性的过程中发现了放射性元素钋（Po ）和镭（Ra ）2．如图所示，一定质量的理想气体密封在绝热（即与外界不发生热交换）容器中，容器内装有一可以活动的绝热活塞。

今对活塞施以一竖直向下的压力F ，使活塞缓慢向下移动一段距离后，气体的体积减小。

若忽略活塞与容器壁间的摩擦力，则被密封的气体（ ）（A ）．温度升高，压强增大，内能减少（B ）．温度降低，压强增大，内能减少 （C ）．温度升高，压强增大，内能增加(D ）．温度降低，压强减小，内能增加3. 关于卢瑟福的α粒子散射实验，下列叙述中与得到的实验结果相符的是( ）（A ）所有α粒子穿过金箔后偏转角度都很小 （B ）大多数α粒子发生较大角度的偏转 （C ）向各个方向运动的α粒子数目基本相等 （D ）极少数α粒子产生超过90 的大角度偏转4. 太阳辐射能量主要来自太阳内部的 （ ） （A ）裂变反应（B ）热核反应 （C ）化学反应 （D ）放射性衰变5. 一质子束入射到静止靶核2713Al 上，产生如下核反应：p ＋2713Al →X ＋n ，p 、n 分别为质子和中子，〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇装〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇订〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇线〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇〇学校_______________ 班级__________ 姓名_____________ 准考证号_________________ 座位号________________CD则产生的新核含有质子和中子的数目分别为 （ ） （A ）28和15 （B ）27和14（C ）15和13（D ）14和136. 如图，用一定频率的单色光照射光电管时，电流表指针会发生偏转，则( ) (A) 电源右端应为正极(B) 流过电流表G 的电流大小取决于照射光的频率 (C) 流过电流表G 的电流方向是a 流向b (D) 普朗克解释了光电效应并提出光子能量E =h ν7. 在如图所示的逻辑电路中，当A 端、B 端输入电信号均为“1”时，C 端和D端输出的电信号分别为 （ ）（A ）1和1 （B ）0和0 （C ）1和0 （D ）0和18. 万有引力可以理解为：任何有质量的物体都要在其周围空间产生一个引力场，一个有质量的物体在其他有质量的物体所产生的引力场中都要受到该引力场的引力（即万有引力）作用，这种情况可以与电场相类比，那么在地球产生的引力场中的重力加速度，可以与电场中下列哪个物理量相类比 ( )(A) 电场强度 (B) 电势 (C) 电势能 (D) 电场力 二．单选题（本大题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分）9. 如图所示，某人静躺在椅子上，椅子的靠背与水平面之间有固定倾斜角θ。

2017届第一学期高三年级十二校联考试卷物理学科试卷2016.12一.单项选择题（每小题只有一个正确选项，每小題4分，共40分）1.关于机械能守恒，以下说法屮正确的是：A.机械能守恒的物体一定只受重力和弹力的作用B.物体处于平衡状态吋，机械能一定守恒C.物体所受合外力不等于零时，机械能可能守恒D.物体机械能的变化等于合外力对物体做的功2.物体作匀速圆周运动的过程中：A.速度和加速度都始终不变B.速度在变，加速度不变C.加速度在变，速度不变D.速度和加速度都时刻在变3.A、B两物体叠放在一起沿固定斜面匀速下滑，如图所示.则B物体除受重力外还受到:A.—个弹力、一个摩擦力B.两个弹力、两个摩擦力C. 一个弹力、两个摩擦力D.两个弹力、一个摩擦力4.一个人站在磅秤上，在他蹲下的过程中，磅秤上的示数将:C.先减小后复原D.先增大后复原A.先减小后增大最后复原B.先增大后减小最后复原5.静止物体受到如图所示变化的合外力作用而发生运动，则其在此期间物体运动的速度图线应为图中的：V ziO r2t tO t/h tA BCD6.—只质量为m 的猫跳起来抓住用线吊在天花板上、质量为M 的竖直杆子，恰在此吋悬线 断了。

假设小猫继续沿杆子爬，结果使猫离地的高度不变，则杆子下落的加速度大小是： A. g B.些 4 D .处哑 M m M7. 力F 在时间t 内使质量为m 的静止物体在光滑水平面上移动s,那么以下判断错误的是:• •B. F 、s 不变，若m 改为巴，则只需丄2 2 m FC. t 、s 不变，若m 改为一，则F 只需一 2 2°"不变'若卩改为丁则$变驾A.F 、t 不变，若m 改为竺, 2 则s 变为2s&假设地球同步卫星的轨道半径是地球赤道半径的n倍，则:A.其向心加速度是地面赤道上物体重力加速度的丄B.其向心加速度是地面赤道上物体向心加速度的丄nC.其向心加速度是地面赤道上重力加速度的n倍D.其向心加速度是地面赤道上物体向心加速度的n倍9.一质点作简谐振动，其位移s与时间t的关系如图所示,A.速度为正的最大值，加速度为零B.速度为负的最大值，加速度为零C.速度为零，加速度为正的最大值D.速度为零，加速度为负的最大值10.如图所示，等量异种电荷a、b固定在真空中，把一个电子从接近于b的c点由静止释放后，它沿直线运动到接近于。

2016高考+联考模拟物理试题分项解析专题01 直线运动1．【2016·上海卷】物体做匀加速直线运动，相继经过两段距离为16 m 的路程,第一段用时4 s ，第二段用时2 s,则物体的加速度是A ．22m/s 3B ．24m/s 3C ．28m/s 9D ．216m/s 92．【2016·全国新课标Ⅲ卷】一质点做速度逐渐增大的匀加速直线运动,在时间间隔t 内位移为s ，动能变为原来的9倍。

该质点的加速度为A ．2s tB ．232s tC ．24s tD ．28s t 3．【2016·江苏卷】小球从一定高度处由静止下落，与地面碰撞后回到原高度再次下落,重复上述运动，取小球的落地点为原点建立坐标系,竖直向上为正方向，下列速度v 和位置x 的关系图象中,能描述该过程的是4．【2016·全国新课标Ⅰ卷】甲、乙两车在平直公路上同向行驶，其v –t 图像如图所示。

已知两车在t =3 s 时并排行驶，则A．在t=1 s时,甲车在乙车后B．在t=0时，甲车在乙车前7。

5 mC．两车另一次并排行驶的时刻是t=2 sD．甲、乙两车两次并排行驶的位置之间沿公路方向的距离为40 m一、选择题1．【2016·开封市5月质检（最后一卷)】伽利略曾说过：“科学是在不断改变思维角度的探索中前进的”．他在著名的斜面实验中，让小球分别沿倾角不同、阻力很小的斜面上从静止开始滚下,他通过实验观察和逻辑推理,得到的正确结论有A．倾角一定时，小球在斜面上的速度与时间的平方成正比B．倾角一定时，小球在斜面上的位移与时间的平方成正比C．斜面长度一定时,小球从顶端滚到底端时的速度与倾角无关D．斜面长度一定时,小球从顶端滚到底端所需的时间与倾角无关2．【2016·淄博市、莱芜市5月二模(最后一卷）】伽利略在研究自由落体运动时,做了如下实验.他让一个铜球从阻力很小（可忽略不计）的斜面上由静止开始滚下，并且重复做了上百次实验。

2015-2016学年度第一学期十一校联考（附答案）II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A(16分)(A)Strange things happen when you travel …The Johnson family expected to see some whales when they rented a boat to sail around the Australian coast. But they didn’t ex pect a 30-foot humpback whale to leap out of the ocean onto their boat. Amazingly, no one was seriously hurt, not even (25) whale.If you think that’s unbelievable, how about the story of Roger Lausier? Aged four, he had wandered away from his mother on Salem beach, Massachusetts and (26) (save) from drowning by a woman called Alice Blaise. After nine years, Roger was on the same beach when he saw a man fall overboard. Roger saved his life. The man turned out to be Alice Blaise’s husband.Some of the most unbelievable travel stories, it seems, are about a pet. Charlie, a cat who decided to take a nap inside the engine of his neighbour’s car and was found after (27)(drive) 160 miles away. Luckily for him, he was completely unhurt.What about the things people lose and find when they are travelling? Rings top the list. In Hawaii, Ken Da Vico, who is a professional diver, claims (28) (find) about fifteen wedding rings a year in the sea. He returns many of them to their owners. (29) a fish eats the ring, there is still hope. There are many reports (30) rings are found years later inside the stomachs of sharks, and other kinds of fish.(B)The World’s Best RestaurantOne day, my colleague and I went to visit a factory in Marinjab. As we drove back along the long road, (31) of us were hungry and tired. Our only hope was of finding a small roadside café to have some weak tea and a little sugar.Just then we came to a village made of small huts with flat roofs. Outside one of the many huts (32) (be) a sign, “ghahvehkhaneh” (café) so we went in. It was cool inside, and the owner came in from the back and greeted us. “Good afternoon,” he said, (33)perfect English. “My name is Hosseini. We do not usually get any f oreigners here. It will be a pleasure and an honour to prepare a meal for you.”A pale-faced lady appeared with a tablecloth, and some knives and forks, shortly followed by Mr Hosseini himself, (34) (carry) a couple of bowls of soup. (35) (make) with spinach and yoghurt, it was the most delicious soup I have ever eaten. Soon, the next courses arrived. We ate in silence, and finished with Turkish coffee. We asked Mr Hosseini how much it (36) (cost), and I can tell you it was astonishingly cheap.I told a lot of friends about the meal I had, but no one believed me. “How (37)you get such a meal in such a remote place?” an English engineer friend asked me.A few months (38) (late), I returned on exactly the same route with this engineer friend. We reached the village but there was no sign of the café. It seemed (39) the building had never existed. We drove away disappointed. Naturally, my companion laughed at me. “You have a wonderful imagination,” he said. I don’t have an y explanation. I only know that I definitely had a meal in this village, in a café (40) , ever since, I have called “the world’s best restaurant”.Reality TV began in the early 1980s, when a Japanese television company made a programme, Endurance. Starting with thousands of contestants in the first show, the programme presenters made them do really difficult and 41 things in every episode(集). The presenters made fun of the contestants, too. Viewing 42 in Japan were enormous.In another reality TV programme, Survivor, sixteen people are taken to a(n) 43 island and made to stay there for more than a month. They have to find their own food or go hungry. The producers let the contestants take one luxury item each. Every three days, one contestant must leave the island and the last person wins £1 million.It’s not just adults who take part in these shows. A television 44 in Britain in 2003, That’ll teach ‘em, took 30 teenagers and put them in a(n) 45 King’s school, where they lived for o ne month and received 1950s-style tuition. The pupils were made to wear thick 1950s school uniforms (including a school hat) during the hot summer and they had to do a long run every day. “They made us have cold showers and we had to have our hands 46 every day to see if they were clean,” says one pupil. “We couldn’t take anything from our modern lives into the school.” Although there was no prize money in this programme, the teenagers learned a lot from the experience.In 2004, there was a programme in Britain where contestants were not 47 to sleep for seven days to try to win £97,000 prize money. The winner was 19-year-old Clare Southern. However, this programme had many 48 from viewers.But where will it stop? Programmes like this are 49 all over the world. But there are people who think that these programmes 50 both the contestants and the viewers, and feel that contestants are often made to do dangerous things to make good television.III. Reading Comprehension Section A(15分)Think of three historical figures. What do you know about them? Where did you get your information from? The chances are that you either read it somewhere or someone who read it somewhere told you about it. Did you ever 51 who wrote down these facts? How can you be sure that they are 52 ? The thing is, many historical “facts” are not like what you know about them.Let’s think about the 53 of America. What’s the first name that comes to mind? More than likely it’s Christopher Columbus. But is it the case? He had 54 to reach Asia and that’s where he thought he was when he came to America. But there were many people there before him. The first ones were 55 the Native Americans, thousands of years before 1492. Even the Vikings had made a number of expeditions, with Leif Eriksson landing there in around 1000 A.D. Perhaps Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer, was the discoverer of America. 56 , unlike Columbus before him, he was the first fifteen-century explorer to realize where he w as, or rather, where he definitely wasn’t. So, maybe the word “re-discover” is more 57 when it comes to Columbus, if history is to give him any credit at all.Everyone believes such historical “facts” because, like you, they got them from what they th ought was a 58 source. But how can such things be written down in the first place? One of the reasons must be that history is seldom “cut and dried”. The events are often complicated and 59 . Another reason is that such “facts” always 60 a grain of truth. Columbus was not the first person to travel to America,but he was the first fifteen-century explorer to go there. His “re-discovery” was, from a historical point of view, extremely 61 for Europe since his voyages opened up large-scale commerce between Europe and America.History has 62 been written by the winners. If the conquered peoples had written the history of the discovery of the New World, it would most probably have been very different, but not necessarily objective: the point of view of the conquered can be just as 63 as the point of view of the conqueror. But that is not the 64 story. The writing of history depends not only on the “side” the writer is on, but also on the culture and attitudes of the era it is written in.History is always 65 . So, remember: when you read history, take it with a pinch of salt.51. A. go over B. make up C. see to D. think about52. A. complete B. funny C. strange D. true53. A. conquer B. development C. discovery D. foundation54. A. gone on B. set out C. turned out D. taken on55. A. certainly B. historically C. necessarily D. unbelievably56. A. In addition B. After all C. To sum up D. For example57. A. accurate B. common C. harmonious D. familiar58. A. political B. secret C. reliable D. thorough59. A. messy B. clear C. proper D. evil60. A. exhibit B. overlook C. abandon D. contain61. A. pointless B. significant C. troublesome D. purposeful62. A. traditionally B. exceptionally C. marvelously D. unconsciously63. A. impersonal B. changeable C. prejudiced D. thoughtful64. A. real B. whole C. famous D. false65. A. inevitable B. important C. unexpected D. subjectiveSection B (24分)(A)Home to 8.2 million people, 36 percent of whom were born outside the United States, New York, known as the Big Apple, is the biggest city in America. Nearly twenty times bigger than the capital, Washington DC, you might expect New York to be tw enty times more dangerous. Actually, it’s safer. Recent figures show that New York now has fewer crimes per 100,000 people than 193 other US cities. It’s also healthier than it used to be. For example, the smoking rate has gone down from 21.5 percent a few years ago, to 16.9 percent today.New Yorkers should be delighted, shouldn’t they? In fact, many feel that New York is losing its identity. It used to be the city that never sleeps. These days it’s the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least, not in public). The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple.If you decided to have a picnic in Central Park, you’d need to be careful—if you decided to feed the birds with your sandwich, you could be arrested. It’s banned. I n many countries a mobile phone going off in the cinema is annoying. In New York it’s illegal. So is putting your bag on an empty seat in the subway. If you went to a bar for a drink and a cigarette, that would be OK, wouldn’t it? Er … no. You can’t smoke in public in New York City. In fact, you can’t smoke outdoors on the street or in parks either. The angry editor of Vanity Fair magazine, Graydon Carter, says, “Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work, but not an empty ashtray.” He should know. The police came to his office andtook away his ashtray.But not all of New York’s inhabitants are complaining. Marcia Dugarry, seventy-two, said, “The city has changed for the better. If more cities had these laws, America would be a better place to live.”The new laws have helped turn the city into one of the healthiest—and most pleasant places to live in America—very different from its old image of a dirty and dangerous city. Its pavements are almost litter-free, its bars cle an and its streets among America’s safest. Not putting your bag on subway seats might be a small price to pay.66. The author writes Paragraph 1 in order to tell the reader that New York is _____.A. bigger than Washington D.C.B. the city with most immigrantsC. safer and healthierD. the most populated city in the U.S.67. Which of the following is forbidden by law in New York?A. Eating sandwich in the Central Park.B. Putting a bag on an empty subway seat.C. Turning on the sound of the mobile phone.D. Smoking at home.68. What does Graydon Carter imply?A. Some of New York’s new laws are not reasonable.B. A gun is much easier to get than an ashtray.C. The police had no right to take away his ashtray.D. There should be a law to keep guns away from people.69. What is the author’s attitude towards New York’s new laws?A. Supportive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. Uninterested70. All of the following are very likely to be invited to the debate advertised above EXCEPT _____.A. doctorsB. biologistsC. engineersD. accountants71. What is the topic of the debate?A. The reason why reading our genes won’t be as expensive as it is now.B. The changes that personlised healthcare may bring about.C. How health apps will become in the future.D. How society responds to technology development.72. Which of the following statements is true according the advertisement?A. Reading people’s genes will soon be as easy as taking a beach holida y.B. Handheld electronics play a very important part in the development of medicine.C. It’s not certain whether this new era of healthcare will do us good or not.D. Scientists and health services are well prepared for the changes that may happen.(C)In 1851, Auguste Comte, the French philosopher and father of sociology, coined the new word altruism as part of a drive to create a non-religious religion based on scientific principles.He defined it as “intentional action for the welfare of othe rs that involves at least the possibility of either no benefit or a loss to the actor”. At that time, studies of animal behavior and phrenology (颅相学) led him to locate egotistical (自我本位的) instincts at the back of the brain, altruistic ones at the front.Today, we have a far more sophisticated knowledge of the neurological (神经学的) and biochemical factors that underpin kind behavior. And this science forms the bases of two books aimed at general readers—but also at those who, despite the research, still doubt the existence of altruism.However, the books may end up providing more information for the naysayers. Take The Altruistic Brain by neuroscientist Donald Pfaff. On solid scientific ground, he builds a five-step theory of how altruism occurs, which depends on an idea that is unconvincing and may achieve the opposite result. Pfaff argues that to act altruistically you should first visualize the receiver of your good will, then mentally transform their image into your own, “from angle to angle and curve to curve”. Does it really work?At the core of evolutionary biologist David Sloan Wilson’s Does Altruism Exist?is another contentious (有争议的) idea: altruism has evolved as the result of group selection. But Wilson argues his corner masterfully, providing a clever reply to the belief that natural selection occurs only at the level of the selfish gene: “Selfishness beats altruism within groups. Altruistic groups beat selfish groups,” he says.In other words, we cooperate when doing so gives our team the advantage. That doesn’t sound very selfless either.Wilson acknowledges this, but argues that thoughts and feelings are less important than actions.A ccording to evolutionary theory, pure altruists do exist, but it doesn’t matter why people choose to help others—their reasons may be difficult even for themselves to understand. What matters is that humans can coordinate their activities in just the right way to achieve common goals. Other animals do this too, but we are masters. “Teamwork is the signature adaptation of our species,” he says.Pfaff goes further, insisting that our brain biology “urges us to be kind”. He believes this knowledge alone will inspire individuals to be more altruistic. His desire to create a better world is admirable and some of his ideas are interesting, but Wilson’s analysis is clearer.While it is in our nature to be altruistic, Wilson says, we also have a healthy regard for self-interest and a resistance to being pushed around. Which one comes to the fore depends on the environment in which we find ourselves. Ethics, he says, cannot be taught at individual level, but are “a property of the whole system”.73. Which of the fol lowing can be considered an altruistic behaviour according to Comte’s definition?A. A person offers to donate his liver to another who needs one.B. A clerk returns the umbrella to his colleague which he has kept for a long time .C. A student volunteers to work in the orphanage to collect data for his research.D. A police officer spots a car parking in the no-parking area, finding a child in the trunk.74. The word “naysayers” (in paragraph 4) most probably means _____.A. people who take a positive attitudeB. people who doubts somethingC. people who have no say in an areaD. people who are experts in an area75. What does Donald Pfaff think people should do in order to altruistically?A. Draw a picture of the person they are going to help.B. Transform the receiver into a kind person.C. Visualize what they are going to do in mind first.D. Imagine they themselves are to be helped.76. Which of the following statements is David Sloan most likely to agree with in his book?A. Being kind is not something people are born with.B. People in groups are less likely to be selfish.C. People may well act selflessly because of where they are.D. Most people know clearly why they are ready to help others.77. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Figuring out what makes us behave selflessly is a tricky business.B. Unlike Donald Pfaff’s book, David Sloan’s book aims at professional readers.C. Comte’s definition of altruism proves to be impractical in mo dern times.D. Both Donald Pfaff and David Sloan lay emphasis on team work.Section D (8分)Ellie is a psychologist, and a good one at that. Smile in a certain way, and she knows precisely what your smile means. She listens to what you say, processes every word, works out the meaning of your pitch, your tone, your posture, everything. She is at the top of her game but, according to a new study, her greatest advantage is that she is not human.When faced with tough or potentially embarrassing questions, people often do not tell doctors what they need to hear. Yet the researchers behind Ellie, led by Jonathan Gratch at the Institute for CreativeTechnologies, in Los Angeles, suspected from their years of monitoring human interactions with computers that people might be more willing to talk if presented with an avatar, that is, a virtual figure. To test this idea, they put 239 people in front of Ellie to have a chat with her about their lives. Half were told (truthfully) they would be interacting with an artificially intelligent virtual human (AIVH); the others were told (falsely) that Ellie was a bit like a puppet, and was having her strings pulled remotely by a person.Designed to search for psychological problems, Ellie worked with each participant in the study in the same manner. She started every interview with ice-breaking questions, such as, “Where are you from?” She followed these with more clinical ones, like, “How easy is it for you to get a good night’s sleep?” She finished with questions intended to lighten the participant’s mood, for instance, “What are you most proud of?”Dr Gratch and his colleagues report that, though every participant interacted with the same avatar, their experiences differed markedly based on what they believed they were dealing with. Those who thought Ellie was under the control of a human operator reported greater fear of disclosing personal information, and said they managed more carefully what they expressed during the session, than did those who believed they were simply interacting with a computer.This quality of encouraging openness and honesty, Dr Gratch believes, will be of particular value in assessing the psychological problems of soldiers—a view shared by America’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency, which is helping to pay for the project.Soldiers value being tough, and many avoid seeing psychologists at all costs. That means conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which military men and women particularly suffer, often get dangerous before they are caught. Ellie could change things for the better by secretly informing soldiers with PTSD that she feels they could be a risk to themselves and others, and advising them about how to seek treatment.(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. According to the passage, Ellie is actually a(n)avatar / virtual figure / virtual psychologist / virtual human.79. The experiment with 239 people proves that people are more open and honest with an AIVH.80. During the chat, soon after some ice-breaking questions, Ellie asked interviewees other questions in order to find out what was wrong with them.81. Why is Dr. Gratch’s research valuable for soldiers in particular?Soldiers avoid seeing psychologists.第Ⅱ卷I. Translation(22分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 人们普遍认为颐和园是北京最美丽的公园之一。

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海物理试卷一.单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确选项。

）1.卢瑟福通过对α粒子散射实验结果的分析，提出了原子内部存在（）（A）电子（B）中子（C）质子（D）原子核2.一束单色光由空气进入水中，则该光在空气和水中传播时（）（A）速度相同，波长相同（B）速度不同，波长相同（C）速度相同，频率相同（D）速度不同，频率相同3.各种不同频率范围的电磁波按频率由大到小的排列顺序是（）（A）γ射线、紫外线、可见光、红外线（B）γ射线、红外线、紫外线、可见光（C）紫外线、可见光、红外线、γ射线（D）红外线、可见光、紫外线、γ射线4.如图，顶端固定着小球的直杆固定在小车上，当小车向右做匀加速运动时，球所受合外力的方向沿图中的（）（A）OA方向（B）OB方向（C）OC方向（D）OD方向5.磁铁在线圈中心上方开始运动时，线圈中产生如图方向的感应电流，则磁铁（）（A）向上运动（B）向下运动（C）向左运动（D）向右运动6.放射性元素A经过2次α衰变和1次β衰变后生成一新元素B，则元素B在元素周期表中的位置较元素A的位置向前移动了（）（A）1位（B）2位（C）3位（D）4位7.在今年上海的某活动中引入了全国首个户外风洞飞行体验装置，体验者在风力作用下漂浮在半空。

若减小风力，体验者在加速下落过程中（）（A）失重且机械能增加（B）失重且机械能减少（C）超重且机械能增加（D）超重且机械能减少8.如图，一束电子沿z轴正向流动，则在图中y轴上A点的磁场方向是（）（A）+x方向（B）-x方向（C）+y方向（D）-y方向二.单项选择题（共24分，每小题3分。

每小题只有一个正确选项。

）9.在双缝干涉实验中，屏上出现了明暗相间的条纹，则（）（A）中间条纹间距较两侧更宽（B）不同色光形成的条纹完全重合（C）双缝间距离越大条纹间距离也越大（D）遮住一条缝后屏上仍有明暗相间的条纹10.研究放射性元素射线性质的实验装置如图所示。

2015学年度第一学期十一校联考高三语文试卷命题人：史明杰审题人:南汇一中严红霞三林中学石岩2015年12月（一）阅读下文，完成1-6题(17分）在声音中发现城市错误!先有城市,后有城市声音。

当代环境美学家阿诺德·伯林特提出：“工厂的声音、交通的噪声、广播和录音机的声音与人声共同构成了立体的听觉环境,这种声景广泛存在,墙壁也不能阻隔，一切事物都处于声音的包围之中"。

伯林特可以被看作是“现代城市声音”研究的始作俑者。

在那些熙熙攘攘、瞬息万变、此起彼伏、有序或无序的城市声音中,是否具有普遍的规律及更高的价值?这就是今天我们要讨论和交流的问题。

错误!与宁静的大自然和乡村相比，城市本身是一种结构复杂、功能多样的矛盾组合体。

一方面，它是理性的,人们必须遵守各种法规、程序、条例、规则等；另一方面，城市又是感性的，充满了各种各样的色彩、声音、味道和不透明的心理活动，这两方面既相互叠合、交织、缠绕，又相互排斥、矛盾、斗争,使城市不断陷入困境和危机，同时也激发出城市特有的活力和创造力。

依托于听知觉，并同心理、意识紧密相连的“声音"，是人在城市中每时每刻都不能脱离的感性工具和桥梁，就此而言，“城市"和“声音"的关系自然非比寻常。

但我们首先面临的问题却是：“声音”怎样才能成为城市研究的对象？错误!首先，需要讨论“声音”和“语言"谁更重要。

和常识相反,在中国古代有“言外之意”一说，所谓“言"是“符号”，而“意”则是以“声音”为载体的内容和意义。

这表明“声音”不仅不能等同于“符号”,还往往蕴含着比后者更真实的意图和更重要的意义.奥地利哲学家马赫把“实体”等同于“感觉”，尽管有些“过犹不及",但至少可以使人重新认识感觉、语言和实体的关系，即包括听知觉在内的人的感觉，在现实实践中绝不是无足轻重的。

错误!其次，还要讨论一下“视觉”和“听觉"谁更重要。