(广西课标版)2020版高考英语二轮复习第二部分专题一主旨大意课件

第3讲主旨大意类题型概述题型破解1 寻找主题句确定文章大意解题指导文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。

一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。

考生速读文首文尾、段首段尾，搜索主题线索及信息便可快速找到主题句，以下为找到主题句的5个小窍门：1.段落中出现表转折的词语(however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句；2.首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句；3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)；4.首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句；5.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, in short, conclude, conclusion, thus等词。

[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ·C篇)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e－book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local video－grapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first－name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self－reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.31．What is the text mainly about?A．The trend of having meals alone.B．The importance of self－reflection.C．The stress from working overtime.D．The advantage of wireless technology.解析 A 第一段最后一句，第五段第一句分别是第一段和第五段的主题句，结合全文尤其是第二段的描述及其中反复出现的关键词“eaten alone”，“have breakfast alone”“have lunch by themselves”(一般与主旨相关)，由此可知，本文主要说了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势，故答案为A。

主旨大意类A(2023·湖南省岳阳市高三二模)At all hours of the day, white-aproned bakers occupy themselves in working in the Hot Bread Kitchen, throwing flour across butcher-block tables, filling metal trays with hand-shaped bread, and shifting steaming, fresh bread to cooling shelves．The only bodies at rest in this New York City bakery are pans with bread, waiting to be sent into the oven．The skilled bakers turn out around 25 varieties ranging from classic French baguettes to crisp Armenian lavash crackers—which they sell at farmers' markets and gourmet stores．But Hot Bread Kitchen is more than a bakery: It's a nonprofit designed to give foreign-born women the skills and support they need to establish careers in the culinary arts．Overseeing daily operation of the place—and often rolling up her own shirt sleeves to involve in—is 35-year-old founder and CEO Jessamyn Rodriguez．By mixing her lifelong passion for society with great food, Rodriguez says she has created her dream job．In 2008, Rodriguez launched the bakery in the small Brooklyn apartment she shared with roommates, hiring two immigrant women as her first bakers．“I was definitely breaking new ground, and we faced a lot of skeptics，” she says of those early days．“But for every person who questioned it, there were five people who were interested in supporting us．” Today, Hot Bread Kitchen employs a staff of 35 and occupies a nearly 5,000-square-foot space in La Marqueta, a public market in East Harlem．The women who bake and package Hot Bread Kitchen's offerings range in age from 21 to 60．Coming from lands such as Haiti, Nepal, and the Dominican Republic, some have lived in the U．S．for as little as a year．Others, including production manager Antonia Garcia, who is originally from Mexico, have called America home for more than a decade．These women's diverse homelands are reflected in many of the bakery's products, like heritage tortillas and the wildly popular m'smen, a buttery bread．The program has far surpassed Rodriguez's original hopes．Since its humble beginnings, Hot Bread Kitchen has trained 27 women from 12 countries．They receive paid, on-the-job experience, as well as courses in bakery sciences, and English as part of a yearlong training program．1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about？A．Constant activity of skilled workers．B．Varieties of fresh baked goods．C．Many different types of equipment used in bakeries．D．Difficult working conditions of bakery employees．2．Which of the following can best describe Jessamyn Rodriguez？A．Adventurous and modest．B．Ambitious and gifted．C．Hard-working and courageous．D．Devoted and stubborn．3．How does the author establish the diversity of Hot Bread Kitchen？A．By describing the courses offered to employees．B．By introducing the backgrounds of the employees．C．By describing the bakery's location at La Marqueta．D．By introducing the bakery's development since 2008．4．What is the main idea of the article？A．Employees from diverse homelands produce various products．B．The hardworking women have helped Hot Bread Kitchen develop quickly．C．Rodriguez became a successful baker after establishing Hot Bread Kitchen．D．Hot Bread Kitchen provides professional opportunities for immigrant women．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

第二讲做出推理和判断——推理判断题推理判断题是历年高考英语阅读理解的命题集中点，包括推理和判断两个方面，属于深层理解题。

高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种：推断隐含意义、推断目的意图、推断文章出处或读者对象、推断观点态度。

【考查特点】Ⅰ.把握推理判断题常见的命题方式：(1)We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________．(2)The passage/author implies/suggests that ________．(3)It can be concluded from the passage that ________．(4)The main purpose of the passage is ________．(5)Where does this passage probably come from?(6)What’s the author’s attitude towards...?(7)The writer developed the passage/his main idea by ________．(8)The first/last paragraph serves as a(n) ________．Ⅱ.掌握推理判断题的考查角度：(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。

(2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、目标读者。

[考向1]推断隐含意义题——逻辑分析得结论推断隐含意义题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出合情合理的推理和判断，即考生不仅需要读懂原文，而且还要理解作者的弦外之音。

其涉及的内容可能是文中某一句或某几句话，但做题的指导思想都要以文中提供的信息为依据。

常见的设问方式：◆It can be inferred from the text that ________．◆It can be concluded from the passage that ________．◆The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that ________．◆What can we infer about...?◆Which of the following statements does the passage support?◆What does the...paragraph imply?[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅰ·B片段)Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.26．We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to ________．A．help students see their own strengthsB．assess students’public speaking skillsC．prepare students for their future jobsD．inspire students’love for politics[解题思路]第一步确定题干中的关键信息infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project第二步定位到原文信息句，并找出体现观点态度的关键句Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.第三步进行合理推断得出答案Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，更重要的是让他们发现自己的长处，从而树立自信。