环保经济词汇

环保:Kyoto Protocol《京都议定书》environmental protection n. 环境保护eco-friendly adj. 环保的，生态友好的preserve v.保护，保存carbon footprint碳足迹carbon emission reduction碳减排ecotourism生态旅游low-carbon economy 低碳经济circular economy 循环经济sustainable development可持续发展污染：Pollute= contaminate, v. 污染Pollution=contamination n. 污染pollutant n. 污染物sewage treatment污水治理sewage treatment facilities 污水治理设备垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill垃圾场), dump倾倒，recycle 回收plastic bags塑料袋, drinking cans饮料罐biodegradable packaging 可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的infectious disease 传染病（avian influenza/ bird flu 禽流感，swine flu猪流感，Ebola 埃博拉，SARS非典型肺炎）燃料non-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleumcoal-fired generating/power plants 火力发电站/厂limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源coal reserve 煤炭储量alternative energy替代能源replace=substitute v.取代wind power, 风能hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能bio-energy 生物能geothermal energy 地热能flammable ice可燃冰radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,consume v. 消耗危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj. 灭绝的(die out, disappear v.),animal rights activist动物权益保护者,natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物,disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏,have disastrous effect on…对……有灾难性的影响危害植物:disposable wooden chopstick一次性木质筷子vegetation植被deforestation森林消失,landslide山体滑坡,危害环境:carbon dioxide二氧化碳,acid rain酸雨(erode v.腐蚀)ozone depletion 臭氧层空洞freon氟利昂greenhouse effect温室效应(worsen, deteriorate v. deterioration n.恶化)global warming全球变暖extreme weather 极端天气（haze 雾霾，hot wave热浪，drought干旱，flood, 洪涝，snow disaster雪灾，earthquake地震, tsunami海啸，tornado龙卷风，暴雨, typhoon台风，hurricane飓风）EL Nino phenomenon 厄尔尼诺现象ecological system=ecosystem生态系统green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴, (filter v. 过滤)car-free day无车日low energy consumption vehicle低耗能汽车energy saving house节能住宅arouse people’s awareness/consciousness of environmental protection提高公众的环保意识重要的词组与短语帮助减缓全球变暖速度help slow down the pace of global warming保持生态平衡keep ecological balance保持水土preserve soil and water保护和改善生活和生态环境protect and improve the living environment and the ecological environment保护珍稀野生动植物protect rare wild animals and plants保留为自然耕地reserve as natural farmland采用环保技术adopt environmental protection technique参加环保运动take part in environmental protection activities崇尚绿色生活方式pursue a “green” life创造良好的生态环境create a pleasant ecological environment促进城市可持续发展promote the sustainable development of the city发展太阳能develop solar energy防治污染prevent and control pollution节能减排Energy conservation and emission reduction非常注重保护森林pay great attention to the conservation of forest改善生态环境improve the eco-environment (ecological environment)关闭化工厂close chemical plants加大污染治理力度strengthen pollution control加强城市绿化strengthen the greening of the city加强生态建设improve the eco-construction加强水土保持reinforce the conservation of water and soil减少机动车辆reduce the number of vehicles减少浪费reduce waste进一步加快环保规划further speed up environmental protection plans禁止露天焚烧prohibit burning out in the open开展保护野生动物宣传教育advocate to educate the public the protection of wild animals开展绿色活动advocate green activities普及环保知识popularize environmental protection knowledge实行严格的机动车排放标准implement strict vehicle emission standards使用再生纸use recycled paper提高环境管理水平raise the environmental management level提高居民的环保和生态意识improve residents’ environmental and ecological awareness提高清洁能源的比重increase the supply of clean energy resources完善城市基础设施建设perfect the construction of urban infrastructure为大量野生动植物提供栖息地provide habitats for a huge number of wild animals and plants削减污物排放decrease the disposal of pollutants引发一系列的问题result in a series of problems增强环境意识enhance the awareness of the importance of (raise the consciousness about) environmental protection治理沙地和水土流失问题tackle the problems of sand and soil erosion注重节约资源attach importance to saving resources。

环境保护类native species本地物种marine species海洋物种prevent flooding预防水灾enrich soil使土地肥沃disperse seeds散播种子support wildlife供养野生动物absorb pollutants吸收有害物质preserve soil保护土壤fight erosion防止腐蚀reduce runoff减少流失hold soil固土fallen leaves落叶remove dust除尘degradation气温living creatures生物ruin the environment破坏环境weather forecast天气预报climate change气候变化global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应finite resource有限资源deforestation砍伐森林desertification沙漠化on-the-spot fine当场处罚urban garbage城市垃圾litter乱扔垃圾population growth人口增长remedial measure补救性措施environmental protectior环境保护ecosystem生态系统air pollution空气污染carbon dioxide二氧化碳hazardous material有害物质be in short supply供应不足chemical pollutant化学污染物industrial waste工业废料global warming全球变暖ecosystem n.生态系统environmental protection环境保护sustainable development可持续发展greenhouse effect温室效应low carbon低碳discharge vt.排放contaminate v.污染deteriorate V.恶化lack vt.缺少green adj.环保的eco-friendly adj.环保的environmental-friendly adj.环保的degrade v.恶化、降级shortage n.缺乏eficiency n.缺乏、不足deplete natural resources 耗尽自然资源preserve vt.保护leave a carbon footprint 留下一个碳足迹toxic adj.有毒的environmental-friendly products环保产品sort the daily garbage 生活垃圾分consume less and recycle more 少消耗、多回收discharge/release pollutants into the environment 向环境排放污染物renewable energies可再生能源，fight climate change 抵制气候变化conserve energy 节约能源improve air quality改善空气质量fuel-efficient vehicles燃油高效汽车improve air quality改善空气质量filter air净化空气provide oxygen提供氧气lower air temperature降低气温vulnerable species濒危物种Habitat loss栖息地消失under threat of extinction濒临灭绝take practical actions采取实际行动Conservationists自然资源保护主义者conservation groups环境保护组织redress that balance恢复平衡offer dues to为...提供线索modern lifestyles现代的生活方式lined with trees成行的绿树flowering plants开花植物deflect the sunlight让阳光折射civil engineering土木工程关爱野生物种的农民absorb and store rainwater 吸收和储存雨水garbage classification垃圾分类water-saving habit节水的习惯distribution of water水的分布water conservation水资源保护water shortage水资源短缺unclear and impure浑浊不清drinking water饮用水acid rain酸雨exhaust gas废气nature reserve自然保护区public hazard公共危害a fire hazard火灾隐患flood水灾drought旱灾save energy节能at risk在危险中acute disease急性病be exhausted被耗尽make joint hand携手chemical plant化工厂fight against对抗ever-accelerated不断发展suffer a great deal from深受其害destroy the ozone layer破坏臭氧层environmental degradation环境恶化deterioration of the ecology 生态恶化sustainable development持续发展keep ecological balance保持生态平衡break the ecological balance 破坏生态平衡appeal to the government向政府呼吁encourage city -residents鼓励市民set up a foundation建立一笔基金punish severely by the law依法严惩bring about a lot of losses 造成巨大损失enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量pose a threat to health对健康构成潜在威胁extremely serious problem极其严重的问题。

环保：Kyoto Protocol《京都议定书》environmentai protection n.环境保护eco-frie ndly adj.环保的，生态友好的preserve v保护，保存carb on footpri nt 碳足迹carb on emissi on reduction碳减排ecotourism生态旅游low-carb on economy 低碳经济circular economy 循环经济susta in able developme n可持续发展污染：Pollute= con tami nate, v.污染Polluti on=con tami natio n n.污染polluta nt n.污染物sewage treatme n污水治理sewage treatme nt facilities 污水治理设备垃圾：rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter 处理:dispose of, burn, bury （landfill 垃圾场）, dump倾倒，recycle 回收plastic bags塑料袋,drinking cans 饮料罐biodegradable packaging 可降解包装, throwaway 可 ^丢•弃的disposable 可丢弃的in fectious disease 传染病(avia n in flue nza/ bird flu 禽流感，swi ne flu 猪流感，Ebola 埃博拉，SARS非典型肺炎) 燃料non-ren ewable不可再生的fossil fuels 矿石燃料：natural gas, coal, petroleum coal-fired gen erat in g/power pla nts 火力发电站/ 厂limited/fi nite n atural resources 有限的自然资源coal reserve煤炭储量alter native en ergy 替代能源replace=substitute v 取代wind power,风能hydropower 水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nu clear power 核能bio-energy 生物能geothermal en ergy 地热能flammable ice 可燃冰radioactivity n.辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v.用光，耗尽con serve v.节省，节约, con sume v.消耗危害动物：poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地，rare breed稀有物种, endangered specie濒危物种,extinet adj. 灭绝的（die out, disappear v.）,animal rights activist动物权益保护者，natural reserve（giant pand大熊猫）自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物，disastrous灾难性的，devastation破坏,have disastrous effect on 对.... 有灾难性的影响危害植物：disposable woode n chopstick一次性木质筷子vegetati on 植被deforestation森林消失,Iandslide山体滑坡，危害环境:carb on dioxide 二氧化碳,acid rain 酸雨（erode v 腐蚀）ozone depleti on 臭氧层空洞freon氟禾U昂greenhouse effect温室效应（worsen, deteriorate v. deterioration n.恶化）global warming 全球变暖extreme weather 极端天气（haze 雾霾，hot wave 热浪，drought 干旱，flood, 洪涝，snow disaster® 灾，earthquake地震,tsun ami 海啸，torn ado 龙卷风，暴雨, typhoon 台风，hurricane飓风）EL Nino phe nomenon 厄尔尼诺现象ecological system=ecosystem生态系统green belt绿化带,sand storm沙尘暴,（filter v.过滤）car-free day 无车日low energy con sumpti on vehicle 低耗能汽车energy saving house节能住宅arouse people ' s awareness/consciousness of environmental prot S ctf公众的环保意识重要的词组与短语帮助减缓全球变暖速度help slow dow n the pace of global warm ing保持生态平衡keep ecological bala nee保持水土preserve soil and water保护和改善生活和生态环境protect and improve the livi ng en vir onment and the ecological en vir onment保护珍稀野生动植物protect rare wild an imals and pla nts保留为自然耕地reserve as n atural farmla nd采用环保技术adopt en vir onmen tal protecti on tech nique参加环保运动take part in en vir onmen tal protect ion activities崇尚绿色生活方式pursue a “green” life仓U造良好的生态环境create a pleasa nt ecological en vir onment促进城市可持续发展promote the susta in able developme nt of the city发展太阳能develop solar energy防治污染prevent and control pollution节能减排En ergy con servati on and emissi on reduct ion非常注重保护森林pay great atte nti on to the con servati on of forest改善生态环境improve the eco-e nvir onment (ecological en vir onment)关闭化工厂close chemical plants加大污染治理力度stre ngthe n pollution control力卩强城市绿化stre ngthe n the gree ning of the city加强生态建设improve the eco-c on structi on力卩强水土保持rei nforce the con servati on of water and soil减少机动车辆reduce the nu mber of vehicles减少浪费reduce waste进一步加快环保规戈U further speed up en vir onmen tal protecti on pla ns禁止露天焚烧prohibit bur ning out in the ope n开展保护野生动物宣传教育advocate to educate the public the protectio n of wild an imals开展绿色活动advocate gree n activities普及环保知识popularize en vir onmen tal protectio n kno wledge实行严格的机动车排放标准impleme nt strict vehicle emissi on sta ndards使用再生纸use recycled paper提高环境管理水平raise the en vir onmen tai man ageme nt level提高居民的环保和生态意识improve residents ' environmentai and ecologicalaware ness提高清洁能源的比重in crease the supply of clea n energy resources完善城市基础设施建设perfect the con struct ion of urba n in frastructure为大量野生动植物提供栖息地provide habitats for a huge number of wild an imals and pla nts削减污物排放decrease the disposal of pollutants弓丨发一系列的问题result in a series of problems增强环境意识enhance the aware ness of the importa nee of (raise the con scious ness about) en vir onmen tal protecti on治理沙地和水土流失问题tackle the problems of sand and soil erosi on注重节约资源attach importanee to saving resources。

人民日报高级词汇合集近年来，人民日报不断加强词汇的使用，提升文章的表达能力和观点的逻辑性。

本文将就人民日报高级词汇进行合集，以期给读者提供一些参考和启示。

一、经济类词汇1. 经济全球化：指各国经济在国际上的相互关系，包括贸易、资本流动、劳动力流动等方面的紧密联系，是经济发展的一种趋势。

2. 供给侧结构性改革：指通过改革措施优化供给结构，提高供给质量和效率，以推动经济结构的转型升级。

3. 产能过剩：指某个行业或领域的生产能力超过市场需求，导致供过于求的现象。

4. 产业升级：指将传统产业转型升级为具有更高附加值和竞争力的新兴产业。

二、环境类词汇1. 生态文明：指人与自然和谐共生的现代文明，强调保护生态环境、修复生态系统和实现可持续发展。

2. 碳排放：指单位时间内单位面积或单位产值的二氧化碳排放量，是衡量温室气体排放程度的重要指标。

3. 生态恢复：指通过采取措施修复受到破坏或退化的生态系统，使其恢复到原有的自然状态。

4. 环保产业：指以环境保护为目的的产业，包括环境监测、环境治理、资源回收等领域。

三、教育类词汇1. 素质教育：指以培养学生全面发展的素质为目标，注重培养学生的创新能力、实践能力和综合素养。

2. 人才培养：指通过教育和培训等方式培养各类人才，满足社会和经济发展的需求。

3. 学科竞赛：指学生在各类学科的知识竞赛中展示才华，提高学术水平和综合素质。

4. 教育公平：指在教育资源配置和机会分配上的公正，旨在保障每个人都能享受到公平的教育机会。

四、科技类词汇1. 创新驱动：指以创新为动力，通过技术创新和科技进步推动经济和社会发展。

2. 人工智能：指模拟人类智能的机器系统，能够进行自主学习、推理和决策。

3. 云计算：指将计算和存储等资源通过网络提供给用户，实现资源共享和高效利用。

4. 科技成果转化：指将科技研发的成果应用于生产和实际应用领域，推动科技创新成果的转化为经济效益。

五、社会类词汇1. 社会公平：指社会资源和权益的公正分配，实现社会各个群体的公平发展。

节能环保词汇
随着人们对可持续发展概念的认识逐渐增强，推动节能环保已经
不仅是政府责任，更是每个人的义务。

下面将对相关词汇进行详细阐述，以示人们应如何从个人做起，推动节能环保。

首先是“低碳生活”，这是指通过减少二氧化碳的排放，减缓全
球气候变化。

低碳生活的做法是：减少烟尘排放，减少能源消耗，提
高资源利用率等。

个人可以从从生活中的点滴入手，如使用环保购物袋，选择再生材料制成的产品，尽量步行和骑自行车等。

其次是“节能减排”，这指的是通过改善生产方式，减少能源的
消耗，同时减少产生的污染物，从而减少对环境的影响。

人们可以从
日常生活中的小事开始，如关闭未使用的电器，降低室内温度，选择
节能电器等，以降低能源的消耗和污染物的排放。

第三是“循环经济”，这是一种经济发展模式，通过资源的可持
续利用，达到经济、社会和环境的协调发展。

循环经济的做法是：提
高资源利用率，增加资源的使用寿命，降低产品生命周期的环境影响等。

人们可以选择购买生态环保产品，进行废旧物品的再利用等方式，以实现循环经济。

另外，还有“绿色建筑”，这是指在建筑设计、施工和使用过程中，通过使用低能耗、低环境影响材料，实现建筑节能、减排、环保
的目的。

采用传统材料、节水、节能钢架建筑等使用方式，可以更好
的实现绿色建筑的目标。

总之，节能环保已经成为人们生活中不可忽视的一部分，每个人都有责任保护好我们的地球家园。

只要每个人从自己做起，支持并推广低碳生活、节能减排、循环经济、绿色建筑等环保概念，相信我们的环境一定会越来越美好，我们的世界也将变得更加美好。

两岸青山相对出环保术语
1. 可持续发展：一种满足当前需求的方式，同时不损害后代满足其需要的能力。

2. 碳足迹：个人、组织或产品在其生命周期内直接和间接产生的温室气体排放总量。

3. 生物多样性：生态系统中生物种类的多样性，包括物种、基因和生态系统的多样性。

4. 全球变暖：由于人类活动导致的地球气候系统长期变暖趋势。

5. 绿色能源：可再生能源，如太阳能、风能、水能等，这些能源在使用过程中不会产生有害物质。

6. 循环经济：一种经济模式，旨在通过减少、再利用和回收资源来最小化浪费。

7. 碳汇：从大气中吸收并储存碳的自然或人造系统，如森林、土壤和海洋。

8. 污染转移：污染物从一个地方转移到另一个地方，通常是由发达国家转移到发展中国家。

9. 生态系统服务：生态系统为人类提供的各种好处，如清洁空气、水源供应、食物生产等。

10. 环境正义：确保所有人都平等地享有健康环境的权利，不受种族、社会经济地位或其他因素的影响。

英语认识自然和环境保护的词汇自然环境是我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。

了解和保护自然环境对我们每个人来说都是至关重要的。

而为了更好地与外国人交流和沟通，我们需要学习和掌握相关的英语词汇。

下面是一些与自然环境和环境保护相关的词汇供大家参考。

一、自然环境1. Nature - 自然2. Environment - 环境3. Ecosystem - 生态系统4. Wildlife - 野生生物5. Biodiversity - 生物多样性6. Habitat - 栖息地7. Forest - 森林8. Ocean - 海洋9. River - 河流10. Mountain - 山脉二、环境问题1. Pollution - 污染2. Air pollution - 空气污染3. Water pollution - 水污染4. Soil pollution - 土壤污染5. Noise pollution - 噪音污染6. Climate change - 气候变化7. Global warming - 全球变暖8. Deforestation - 森林砍伐9. Desertification - 沙漠化10. Extinction - 灭绝三、环境保护行动1. Conservation - 保护2. Recycling - 回收利用3. Reduce - 减少4. Reuse - 重复使用5. Renewable energy - 可再生能源6. Sustainable development - 可持续发展7. Eco-friendly - 环保的8. Greenhouse gas - 温室气体9. Eco-system restoration - 生态系统修复10. Environmental education - 环境教育四、动词和短语1. Preserve - 保存2. Conserve - 保护3. Protect - 保护4. Plant trees - 种树5. Reduce waste - 减少废物6. Save energy - 节约能源7. Raise awareness - 提高意识8. Take action - 采取行动9. Advocate for - 倡导10. Promote sustainability - 促进可持续性通过学习和应用这些词汇，我们能够更好地了解自然环境和环境保护的重要性，并与其他人分享我们的知识和观点。

低碳（low carbon）是当下社会最为时尚的词汇，从京都议定书以来，碳排放量就一直是环境问题的一个关键点，低碳相关的内容。

低碳Low-Carbon低碳经济Low-Carbon Economy（LCE）低碳生活Low-Carbon Life低碳旅游Low-Carbon Tour低碳城市化道路Low-Carbon urbanization way碳Carbon二氧化碳Carbon dioxide二氧化碳排放the output of the carbon dioxide二氧化碳浓度Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide碳减排Carbon emission reduction碳排放标准Standard for carbon dioxide emission一氧化碳Carbon monoxide温室气体Greenhouse gas（GHS）温室气体排放Greenhouse gas emission生物圈Biosphere大气监测Atmospheric monitoring大气层的化学成分Chemical composition of the atmosphere臭氧层Ozone layer生态Ecology生态系统Ecosystem环境指标Environmental indicators环境政策Environmental policy环境风险评估Environmental risk assessment可持续发展Sustainable developmentPresently, a new lifestyle called low carbon life is spreading every corner of our country. The concepts of low carbon are low energy and no waste. It is such a significant project that I can’t wait to present my ideas on how to promote it.On the first place, a no-car day is supposed to set up every week in our school. Because cars not only cause serious air pollution but also waste energy. On on-car day, neither students nor teachers are allowed to drive to school. Meanwhile, just walk, jump, cycle or run. Use our legs and enjoy the fun.On the second place, we had best not use plastic bags any more. No one can stand the “white pollution”. So, it is wise to use bags which can be reused again and again.Finally, one thing that we should keep in mind: every big thing comes from the subtle. Therefore, as students, we ought to turn out the lights the moment we leave, turn off the tap in time, and reuse our textbook and so on.All in all, it weighs greatly for all of us to put the low carbon lifestyle into practice. Just set our mind to these: no-car day, no plastic bags, and no waste. Let’s do it now.新华社报道：The National Development and Reform Commission has confirmed the government will take concrete actions to develop a low-carbon economy after it pledged to substantially reduce carbon intensity at last year's Copenhagen Conference.国家发展与改革委员会已证实政府将采取切实行动，发展低碳经济。

关于环保的英语词汇环保英语词汇：environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染的环保英语词汇：pollute= contaminate, 污染(动词)pollutant 污染物pollution=contamination 污染(名词)垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash,waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill垃圾场)dump倾倒，recycle 回收plastic bags塑料袋, drinking cans饮料罐biodegradable packaging 可降解包装throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料的环保英语词汇：non-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas,coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源replace=substitute v.取代(wind power, hydropower水电solar (lunar) power太阳能nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约consume less v. 少消耗危害动物的环保英语词汇：poaching非法打猎，盗猎damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地rare breed稀有物种endangered species濒危物种extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear动词)animal rights activist动物权益保护者natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区protect wild life保护野生动物disastrous灾难性的, devastation 破坏have disastrous effect on…对……有灾难性的影响危害植物的环保英语词汇：vegetation植被deforestation森林消失landslide山体滑坡危害环境的环保英语词汇：carbon dioxide二氧化碳acid rain酸雨(erode腐蚀)greenhouse effect温室效应(worsening, deteriorate, deterioration恶化)global warming全球变暖ecological system=ecosystem生态系统eco-friendly adj. 对生态环境友好的green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴, (filter v. 过滤)green commuting n.绿色出行low-carbon economy n.低碳经济arouse people's awareness of environmental protection提高公众的环保意识文案编辑词条B 添加义项?文案，原指放书的桌子，后来指在桌子上写字的人。

1. 环保：environmental protectionlow carbon economy 低碳经济UN climate change conference in Copenhagen哥本哈根联合国气候变化会议举例： An report issued in the UN climate change conference in Copenhagen shows that the air pollution is worsening.哥本哈根联合国气候变化会议公布的一项报告表明，空气污染问题正在恶化Greenhouse effect温室效应Confront the threat of global warming（面临全球变暖的威胁）To reduce the petrol engine exhaust emissions 减少（汽车）的尾气排放environment- friendly society （生态型社会）contaminate the environment 污染环境natural resources（自然资源）energy conservation and environmental protection （节能环保）biological balance （生物学平衡）bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection （实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一）curb environmental pollution （治理环境污染）develop renewable/substitute resources （开发可再生/替代资源）2. 经济类：economylow carbon economy 低碳经济economic globalization（经济全球化）sustainable development（可持续发展）unfair competition（不正当竞争）promote sales（促销）fake and inferior product（假冒伪劣产品），crack down on fake commodities （打假）purchasing power（购买力）fierce competition（激烈竞争）after-sale service （售后服务）bread –and – butter issue（生计问题）enterprise image（企业形象），brand effect（品牌效应）retail industry （零售行业） wholesale industry （批发行业）credit crisis（信用危机） credit card （信用卡）stabilize the commodity prices（稳定物价）service trade（服务行业）premature consumption超前消费3. 立志（成功/成才）：succeed, achieve successthe pursuit of success / achievement / happiness / individual self-realizationspare no efforts/pains to do （不遗余力去做某事）= make great effort to do sth,do with full persistence（坚持不懈地做某事）,try every means to stay on top （尽一切努力取得成功）to realize one’s ambition（抱负）可以代替“to fulfill one’s dreams”cultivate the sense of individual self-realization 培养一种自我实现（成功）的意识stand up to/ withstand challenges and difficulties（经得住挑战与困难）4. 大学生活/教育：Educationinnovative learning（创新学习）higher education（高等教育）drop-out（辍学）fake certificate/diploma（假毕业证/文凭）the craze for graduate school（考研热）diploma craze（文凭热）poverty-stricken students（贫困学生）further one’s study （深造）quality education（素质教育）teacher-centered,（以教师为中心） student-centered, （以学生为中心）foster abilities（培养能力）foster comprehensive abilities（提高综合能力）improve the comprehensive quality（提高综合素质）relieve the burden on students（减轻学生负担）be occupied with so much schoolwork（忙于功课）college, university, students union（学生会）extracurricular activity（课外活动）practical capability（实际能力）educational reform（教学改革）academic plagiarism 学术抄袭the examination-oriented education（应试教育）interdisciplinary talents复合型人才（inter-交融，disciplinary学科的=多学科背景）enhance the cultural deposits（提高文化底蕴）good scores but low qualities（高分低能）teach students according to their aptitude（资质）（因材施教）possess political integrity and professional ability（德才兼备）be a student of fine qualities and fine scholar（品学兼优）improve the health and psychological quality（提高学生身心素质）adjust to the social changes quickly（适应社会的改变）meet the urgent need of the society（满足社会的急需）a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic life（更加有意义和丰富的生活）5. 就业：Employmentjob market （就业市场）job hunter/seeker（求职者）employment pressure（就业压力）employer（招聘方）employee（应聘者）applicant（申请人）candidate（人选）position available/ vacant position（空缺职位）competent（能胜任的）, be qualified for（合格的）, be appropriate to （适合于）college expansion of enrollment（大学扩招）contradiction between supply and demand in the job market就业市场供求矛盾）not in line with major（与专业不符）job arrangement and benefit（工作待遇和福利） promotion（晋升） gender-biased （性别歧视的） appearance-biased（相貌歧视的）money worship（拜金主义）develop fully one’s potential and creativity（充分发挥个人的潜力）brain drain（人才外流）6. 文化类：cultureculture and civilization（文化和文明）Chinese tradition culture is great and profound （博大精深的）The diversity of culture （文化的多样性）pluralistic culture （多元文化）Culture blending （文化融合）integration and interaction（融合交汇）English fever（英语热）7. 流行文化：Pop culturesurf the Internet（网上冲浪）science and technology（科学技术）web-addiction（沉迷网络）computer crime（电脑犯罪）e-commerce（电子商务）virtual life （虚拟生活）information era（信息时代）cyber romance（网恋）8. 社会现象：social phenomenonA thought-provoking phenomenon（令人深思的现象）cause alarm and attention（引起了警惕和重视）corrupt people’s mind （腐化心灵）immoral behaviors（不道德的行为）at the cost of （以…为代价）set good example for（为…树立榜样）take action （采取行动）impose punishment on them（施加处罚）aggravate the seriousness of…（使之恶化）9. 人物特征、情感描写：Characteristicsstrong-minded（坚强的）industrious（勤奋的）harmonious（和谐的）cooperative （合作的）self-centered（以自我为中心的）promising（有前途的）dynamic（有生气的）responsible（有责任心的）influential（有影响力的）profound（渊博精深的）devoted（忠实的，投入的）generous（慷慨的）critical（吹毛求疵）warm-hearted（热心的）hospitality（n. 热情好客）enthusiastic（热情的）。

环境保护相关专业术语、名词一、环境管理基本词汇 1.循环经济：是一种以资源的高效利用和循环利用为核心，以“减量化、再利用、资源化”为原则，以低消耗、低排放、高效率为基本特征，符合可持续发展理念的经济增长模式，是对“大量生产、大量消费、大量废弃”的传统增长模式的根本变革。

2.清洁生产：是指不断采取改进设计、使用清洁的能源和原料、采用先进的工艺技术与设备、改善管理、综合利用等措施，从源头削减污染，提高资源利用效率，减少或者避免生产、服务和产品使用过程中污染物的产生和排放，以减轻或者消除对人类健康和环境的危害。

3.清洁能源：指消耗后不产生或很少产生污染物的可再生能源，以及采用清洁能源技术处理后的化石能源(如清洁煤、清洁油)。

4.绿色GDP：指绿色国内生产总值，是对GDP指标的一种调整，为扣除经济活动中投入的环境成本后的国内生产总值，是用以衡量各国扣除了自然资产(包括资源环境)损失之后的新创造的真实的国民财富总量的核算指标。

5.生态补偿：指通过对损害(或保护)资源环境行为进行收费或收税(或补偿)，提高其行为的成本(或收益)，从而激励损害(或保护)行为的主体减少(或增加)因其行为带来的外部不经济性(或外部经济性)，来达到保护资源的目的。

5.生态功能区划：指根据区域生态环境要素、生态环境敏感性与生态服务功能空间分布规律，将区域划分成不同生态功能区的过程。

6.中水回用：中水这个词出自日本，取介于上水和下水之间的意思，是指生活污水经过处理后，达到规定的水质标准可在一定范围内重复使用的非饮用水。

7.“十五小”企业：指1996年《国务院关于加强环境保护若干问题的决定》中明令取缔关停的十五种重污染小企业，包括小造纸、小制革、小染料、土炼焦、土炼硫、土炼砷、土炼汞、土炼铅锌、土炼油、土选金、小农药、小电镀、土法生产石棉制品、土法生产放射性制品、小漂染企业等。

8.“新五小”企业：指国家经贸委、国家发改委限期淘汰和关闭的破坏资源、污染环境、产品质量低劣、技术装备落后、不符合安全生产条件的企业，包括小水泥、小火电、小炼油、小煤矿和小钢铁企业等。

练习中的词汇1.国土控管control land resources2.经济建设economic construction3.环境恶化environmental degradation the worsening of environment4.环保意识consciousness of environmental protection5.资源节约型和环境友好型resource-saving and environmentally friendly6.无节制消耗资源unrestrained consumption of resources7.提倡环保promote environmental protection8.酸雨acid rain9.二氧化硫sulfur dioxide10.氮氧化物nitrogen oxides11.环保产品environment-friendly products; reusable products12.一次性产品disposables13.不可再生能源non-renewable energy sources14.蒙特利尔协定书the Montreal Protocol15.臭氧ozone16.臭氧层the ozone layer17.紫外线UV light18.化石燃料fossil fuels19.污染物质pollutant20.温室效应 greenhouse effect21.二氧化碳浓度concentration of carbon dioxide22.环境危害environmental hazard23.污水wastewater24.生产过程the processing stages25.双重任务dual tasks26.生态环境ecological environment27.生态多样性biodiversity28.赤潮red tide, or harmful algal blooms (HAB)29.土地荒(沙)漠化desertification30.可持续发展战略the strategy of sustainable development31.格林柯尔制冷剂greencool refrigerants32.高效节能energy-efficient33.世界水日World Water Day34.治理污水过程the effluent treatment process35.脱硫装置desulfurization facilities36.城市垃圾municipal waste37.卫生填埋、高温堆肥和焚烧landfill, composting, incineration (wastecombustors)38.氯氟化碳chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)39.《京都议定书》the Kyoto Protocol40.六种温室气体: 二氧化碳、甲烷、氧化亚氮、六氟化硫、氢氟碳化物和全氟碳化物six greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, HFCs and PFCs.41.城市固体废物Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)42.生物能、地热能和海洋能biomass, geothermal, and tidal and wave power.43.调整产业结构adjust industrial structure44.转变经济增长方式shift the mode of economical growth45.中国国家环境保护局the State Environmental Protection Administration ofChina46.砍伐雨林the felling of rainforests47.哮喘病asthma48.氯氟烃chlorofluorocarbons (CFSs)49.白内障cataracts50.吸热能力the heat-trapping capability51.水土流失soil erosion52.水质恶化worsening of water quality53.地面下沉land subsidence54.珊瑚corals补充词汇1.世界环境日主题：World Environment Day Themes冰川消融，后果堪忧！（2007年）Melting Ice–a Hot Topic!莫使旱地变荒漠！（2006年）Deserts and Desertification–Don't Desert Drylands! 营造绿色城市，呵护地球家园！（2005年）Green Cities – Plan for the Planet!海洋存亡，匹夫有责！（2004年）Wanted! Seas and Oceans – Dead or Alive! 水——二十亿人生命之所系！（2003年）Water - Two Billion People are Dying for It! 让地球充满生机！（2002年）Give Earth a Chance!世间万物，生命之网！（2001年）Connect with the World Wide Web of life!环境千年-行动起来吧！（2000年）The Environment Millennium - Time to Act! 2. 与环境有关节日世界环境日World Environment Day (June 5th each year)国际生物多样性日（12月29日）：International Biodiversity Day (29 December) 世界水日（3月22日）：World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日（3月23日）：World Meteorological Day (23 March)世界海洋日（6月8日）：World Oceans Day (8 June)植树节（3月12日）：Arbor Day (12 March)3. 世界性公约21世纪议程Agenda 21 （the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro Brazil（巴西里约）—provides the global consensus on the road map towards sustainable development）控制危险废物越境转移及其处置的巴塞尔公约Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer生物多样性公约Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约Convention to Combat Desertification气候变化框架公约United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change京都议定书： Kyoto Protocol蒙特利尔协定书the Montreal Protocol联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会）United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)联合国环境规划署United Nations Environment Programs （UNEP）联合国人类居住中心UN Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS)4. 环境污染废水：waste/polluted water废气：waste/polluted gas废渣：residue红潮red tide (rapid propagation of sea algae )工业固体废物industrial solid wastes白色污染white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)有机污染物 organic pollutants森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation水土流失 water and soil erosion农药残留 pesticide residue环境恶化environmental degradation城市化失控：uncontrolled urbanization温室效应：greenhouse effect全球变暖：global warming空气污染浓度air pollution concentratio n酸雨acid rain二氧化硫排放sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions悬浮颗粒物suspended particles工业粉尘排放industrial dust discharged烟尘排放 soot emissions矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气） fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust氯氟烃 CFCs厄尔尼诺南徊 ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation)噪音 noise （分贝 db; decibel）5．环境治理与保护工业废水处理率treatment rate of industrial effluents城市污水处理率treatment rate of domestic sewage集中处理厂centralized treatment plant治理环境污染：curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control 可降解一次性塑料袋：throwaway bio-degradable plastics bags垃圾填埋场：refuse landfill垃圾焚化场：refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林：protest forests from overexploitation水土保持：conservation of water and soil生态平衡：ecological balance水资源保护区：water resource conservation zone造林工程：afforestation projec t珍稀濒危物种繁育基地：rare and endangered species breeding center绿化祖国：turn the country green全民义务植树日：National Tree-Planting Day森林覆盖率：forest coverage防风林：wind breaks防沙林：sand breaks速生林：fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率：slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源：develop renewable resources环保产品：environment-friendly products自然保护区：nature reserve中国生物多样性保护行动计划China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan中国跨世纪绿色工程规划China Trans-Century Green Project Plan国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA)中国环保基本方针China’s guiding principles for environmental protection坚持环境保护基本国策adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection推行可持续发展战略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展（三同步）的方针carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection (the “three synchronizes” principle)促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection中国环保基本政策the basic policies of China’s environmental protec tion预防为主、防治结合的政策policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control污染者负担的政策“the-polluters-pay” policy强化环境管理的政策policy of tightening up environmental management对新项目实行环境影响评估conduct environmental impact assessments (EIA) on start-up projects提高全民环保意识raise environmental awareness amongst the general public查处违反环保法规案件investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection生态示范区eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region国家级生态示范区（珠海）Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region国家级园林城市Nationally Designated Garden City。

关于环保的英语词汇环保英语词汇：environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染的环保英语词汇：Pollute= contaminate, 污染(动词)pollutant 污染物Pollution=contamination 污染(名词)垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter，refuse处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill垃圾场)dump倾倒，recycle 回收plastic bags塑料袋, drinking cans饮料罐biodegradable packaging 可降解包装throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料的环保英语词汇：non-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源replace=substitute v.取代(wind power, hydropower水电solar power太阳能nuclear power核能use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约consume less v. 少消耗危害动物的环保英语词汇：poaching非法打猎，盗猎damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地rare breed稀有物种endangered species濒危物种extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear动词)animal rights activist动物权益保护者natural reserve自然保护区protect wild life保护野生动物disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏have disastrou s effect on…对……有灾难性的影响危害植物的环保英语词汇：vegetation植被deforestation森林消失landslide山体滑坡危害环境的环保英语词汇：carbon dioxide二氧化碳acid rain酸雨(erode腐蚀)greenhouse effect温室效应(worsening, deteriorate, deterioration恶化) global warming全球变暖ecological system=ecosystem生态系统Ecology生态green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴, (filter v. 过滤)arouse people's awareness/consciousness of environmental protection提高公众的环保意识面临的环境保护问题及污染问题英文词汇：有机污染物：organic pollutants森林砍伐率：rate of deforestation水土流失：water and soil erosion濒危野生动物：endangered wildlife环境恶化：environmental degradation温室效应：greenhouse effect全球变暖：global warming环保问题拯救措施及污染治理相关英语词汇：可降解一次性塑料袋：throwaway bio-degradable plastics bags垃圾填埋场：refuse landfill垃圾焚化场：refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林：protest forests from overexploitation水土保持：conservation of water and soil水资源保护区：water resource conservation zone造林工程：afforestation project森林覆盖率：forest coverage防风林：wind breaks防沙林：sand breaks速生林：fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率：slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源：develop renewable resources环保产品：environment-friendly products自然保护区：nature reserve“低碳”词汇低碳Low-Carbon低碳经济Low-Carbon Economy（LCE）低碳生活Low-Carbon Life低碳旅游Low-Carbon Tour低碳城市化道路Low-Carbon urbanization way碳Carbon二氧化碳Carbon dioxide碳减排Carbon emission reduction一氧化碳Carbon monoxide[mə'nɔksaid]温室气体Greenhouse gas（GHS）温室气体排放Greenhouse gas emission大气层Atmosphere臭氧层Ozone layer紫外线Ultraviolet ray红外线Infrared工业烟尘Industrial fumes可持续发展Sustainable development。

Environmental protection词汇及短语1.消费；消耗consume2.可再生能源renewable energy source3.温室效应greenhouse effect4.用光，用尽run out of/ use up5.灭绝die out6.过度捕猎overhunt7.处于危险be in danger8.关掉所有电器turn off all the electrical appliances9.有灭绝的危险in danger of exinction10.引起严重后果bring about/ lead to serious consequence11.改善这一情况improve the situation12.提高人们的环保意识raise people’s awareness of environmental protection13.目的在于抗击全球变aim at/ with the purpose of fighting against global warming14.提倡低碳生活promote low-carbon lifestyle15.减少二氧化碳的释放reduce the emission of carbon dioxide16.提倡节能减排advocate energy conservation and carbon reduction17.随着工农业的发展with the development of industry and agriculture18.释放有毒气体give off poisonous gases19.人口膨胀population expansion20.过度开发overdevelopment环境污染存在的现象1.我们经常看到教室里没人，灯却开着It is common to see there is nobody in the classroom with the light on.2.浪费水的现象也是比比皆是，这是一个很严重的问题It is not difficult to see the phenomanon of wastineg water everywhere, which is a serious problem.3.学生乱扔可回收的饮料瓶，旧书本等The students do not recycle, throwing away used bolltles and books.4.更糟糕的是，很多学生使用不利于环保的饭盒，引起白色污染What’s worse, many students use non-environmental friendly lunch-box, causing plastic pollution.5.一些人直接将脏水废水排进河流，导致河水既不能喝也不能用。

1、环境保护类单词沙尘暴Sand/dust storms生态失衡Disruption of ecological balance温室效应Greenhouse effect全球变暖Global warming 淡水资源短缺Shortage of fresh water环保意识Environmental awareness生态系统Ecosystem2、市场类单词国有企业state-owned enterprise私人企业private enterprise垄断市场monopolize the market偷税漏税tax evasion跨国集团multinational corporation贸易制裁trade sanction贸易壁垒trade barriers中国加入WTO China's entry into WTO西部大开发Go-West Campaign乱摊派乱收费imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge全球经济一体化integration with the global economyeconomic/financial crisis 经济/金融危机embezzlement of public funds 挪用公款demand exceeds supply/be in short supply 供不应求purchasing power 购买力share-holding system 股份制企业shareholders 股东stock exchange 股票交易市场bonds 债券interest rate利率fixed assets investment 固定资产投资gross national product(GNP) 国民生产总值drain of state owned assets 国有资产流失state-owned enterprise 国有企业private enterprise 私人企业debt/liabilities 债务commission 佣金，回扣monopolize the marke 垄断市场tax evasion 偷税漏税income tax of the individuals 个人所得税means of circulation 流通手段accounting-accountant 会计capital investment 资本投资capital regorganization 资产重组declare bankruptcy 宣布破产boycott foreign products 抵制外国产品revenue 财政收入expenditure 财务支出deficit 赤字net profit 净利润make profit 赢利boom/prosperity/thriving 繁荣declie/recession/depression 萎缩/衰退/萧条inflation 通货膨胀anti-dumping policy 反倾销政策budget 预算director of the board 董事长CEO(chief executive officer) 总裁franchise 特许经营chain store 连锁店logo 企业标志labor-intensive 劳动密集型mass production 大规模生产macroeconomics/microeconomics 微观/宏观经济学multinational corporation 跨国集团executive 管理/行政人员manufacturer 制造商quality control 质量管理after-sale service 售后服务trade sanction 贸易制裁trade barriers 贸易壁垒shortage of funds 资金短缺surplus 过剩merge r兼并deposit money 存款current account 活期帐户savings account 定期帐户clearance sale 清仓甩卖pay off debts 清偿债务integration with the global economy 全球经济一体化foundation 基金会China’s access to/entery into WTO 中国加入WTOwin the bid 中标registered trademark 注册商标franchised store 专卖店supplement a budget 追加预算overstock of finished productsECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续，快速和健康的经济发展National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive economy 集约型经济Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济Mixed economy 混合经济Regional economy 地区经济Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济Closed economy 闭关自守经济Economic growth point 经济增长点Economic growth mode 经济增长方式Economic growth rate 经济增长率Economy measure 经济手段Diversified economy 多种经济，多样化经济Economic situation 经济形势Economic cycle 经济周期Economic fluctuation 经济波动Economic miracle 经济奇迹Economic take-off 经济起飞Economic recovery 经济复苏Economic potential 经济潜力Economic sanction 经济制裁Global economy 全球经济Economic globalization 经济全球化Integration of world economy 世界经济一体化International economic integration 国际经济一体化New international economic order 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Economic community 经济共同体MACRO-CONTROL 宏观调控Strengthen macro-control 加强宏观调控Soft landing 软着陆Macro-economic situation 宏观经济形势Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的金融货币政策Moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策Moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the money supply 适度货币供应量Excessive amount of currency issue 过度货币发行量Maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Cheap money policy 低息货币政策Adjustment of interest rate 利率调整Cut interest rate 降低利率Control of interest rate 利率控制Deflation policy 紧缩政策Market intervention 市场干预State intervention 国家干预Administrative interference 行政干预Administrative intervention 行政干预Administrative measure 行政措施Economy measure 经济手段Risk-control mechanism 风险控制机制Overheated economy 过热的经济Consumer price index 消费品价格指数Commodity price index 商品物价指数Retail price index 零售物价指数Average price index 平均物价指数Cost-of-living index 生活费用指数Control of inflation 通货膨胀控制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Double digit inflation 两位数字通货膨胀Excessive inflation 过度的通货膨胀Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀Hidden inflation 隐性通货膨胀Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Stagflation 经济停滞型的通货膨胀Inflation factor 通货膨胀因素Inflation of credit 信用膨胀Inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压力Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀Curb the real estate craze 抑制房地产热Development zone craze 开发区热Overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡Supply and demand relation 供求关系Supply over demand 供过于求Supply exceeds demand 供过于求Economic crisis 经济危机Economic depression 经济萧条MANAGEMENT OF STATE-OWNED PROPERTY 国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision and operation of State assets 建立国有资产管理，监督和营运体系Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and responsibilities, separating ownership from daily management and adopting scientific management 产权清晰，责权明确，政企分开，管理科学Regulation on the supervision and management of the state-owned enterprises 国有企业监督管理条例Laws and regulations on the administration of state-owned property 国有资产管理法律法规Operate independently, assume sole responsibility 自主经营，自负盈亏，自我发展，for its profits and losses, seek self-development and self-reliance 自我约束Uphold the principle of separating the functions of government from those of enterprises and alter the government’s role in economic management 坚持政企分开的原则，转变政府经济管理职能Safeguard state property 保卫国有资产Preserve and increase value and prevent losses 保值增值防止流失Prevent the drain of State-owned property 防止国有资产流失Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Definition of property rights 产权界定Clarification of property rights 明晰产权Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检Certificate of title 产权证书Change of registration 变更登记Change of title 产权变更Transfer of property rights 产权转让Transaction of property rights 产权交易Property rights transfer agency 产权交易机构Inspection of assets 资产清查Re-evaluation of fixed assets 固定资产重估Asset appraisal 资产评估Productive assets 经营性资产Non-productive assets 非经营性资产Return on assets 资产收益Balance sheet 资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表Reform of State-Owned Enterprises国有企业改革Step up efforts to reform State-owned enterprises 加大国有企业改革力度Readjust and reorganize State-owned enterprises to 调整改组国有企业促进资产重组promote re-arrangement of assets and raise the overall quality of the State sector of the economy 提高国有经济的总体素质Concentrate on rejuvenating State-owned large 集中力量抓好国有大型企业和enterprises and enterprises groups 企业集团Develop trans-regional and inter-trade enterprise groups发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团Reform, reorganization and upgrading 改革，改组和改造Re-organization, association, merger, joint 改组，联合，兼并，股份合作制partnership, leasing, contract operation and sell-off 租赁，承包经营和出售Manage well large enterprises and adopt a flexible policy towards small ones 抓好大的，放活小的Give small State-owned enterprises greater freedom 放活国有小企业Standardize bankruptcy procedures, encourage 规范破产程序，鼓励企业兼并，merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业Allow money-losing enterprise to merger or go bankrupt 允许亏损企业兼并或破产Dispersion of redundant employees 分流富余人员Re-employment funds 再就业基金Conscientiously strengthen the operation and management of enterprises切实加强企业经营管理Strengthen financial management of enterprises 强化企业财务管理Tighten control over extra budgetary funds 加强预算外资金管理Increase capital and reduce debts through various channels 多渠道增资减债Strive to help enterprises eliminate losses and increase profits 抓好企业扭亏增盈Develop various modes of operation and marketing 发展多种营销方式Alleviate enterprises’ social burdens 减轻企业的社会负担By tapping the potential and upgrading the technology 通过挖潜改造Mechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating the inferior 优胜劣汰机制Enjoy more decision-making power 享有更多的决策权Allow employees to hold some shares 允许职工持股Give more productive enterprises the power to engage in export independently 给更多的生产企业自营出口权Protect the interests of the working class 保护工人阶级利益Technological upgrading 技术改造Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Deepening of the reform of State-owned enterprises 深化国有企业改革Modern enterprise system 现代企业制度Reorganization of state-owned enterprises 国有企业重组Transform the enterprises’ management mechanismsof State-owned enterprises 转换国有企业经营机制Adjustment of industrial structure 行业结构调整Industrial policy 产业政策Support and develop large enterprises and release small enterprises 支持发展大企业放开小企业Large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises can be turned into corporate enterprises 大中型企业可转变为股份公司Smaller enterprises can become shareholding co-operatives 小企业可转变为股份合作制Readjust the asset-liability ratio of state-owned enterprises 调整国有企业资产负债比State-owned independent accounting industrial enterprises 国有独立核算企业Pioneer enterprise 试点企业Enlarge the right of self-management 扩大自主权Optimize capital structure 优化资本结构Optimize resource allocation 优化资源配置Optimize investment structure 优化投资结构Recapitalization 调整资本结构Capital reorganization 资本重组Promote rational flow of property right 促进产权合理流动Reduce staff to improve efficiency 减员增效Investment risk mechanism 投资风险机制Project capital system 项目资本金制度Legal person responsibility system 法人责任制Responsibility for one’s own p rofit and loss 自负盈亏Enterprise contract management responsibility system 企业承包责任制Unreasonable economic structure 不合理的经济结构Unreasonable product structure 不合理的产品结构Repeated construction 重复建设Repeated introduction of foreign equipment and technology 外国设备和技术的重复引进Regional and departmental protectionism 地区和部门保持主义Government supervision 政府监督Operating strategy 经营战略Out-dated management styles 落后的管理方式Backward in management 管理落后Relying on government subsidy 依赖政府补贴Heavy social subsidy 沉重的社会补贴Heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Excessive production capacity 过剩的生产能力Merger and acquisition 兼并与收购Encourage merger 鼓励兼并Preferential policy for bankruptcy and merger 对破产和兼并企业的优惠政策Standardize bankruptcy procedure 规范破产程序Prevent false bankruptcy 防止假破产Construction of a multi-layer social security system 建立多层次的社会保障制度Re-employment projects 再就业工程Re-employment of redundant workers 富余职工再就业Laid-off workers 下岗职工ENTERPRISE AND COMPANY 企业和公司Central enterprise 中央企业Local enterprise 地方企业Backbone enterprise 骨干企业Large and medium enterprise 大中型企业State-owned enterprise 国有企业Enterprise solely funded by the State 国有独资企业State-owned firm 国有公司，国有企业Corporate enterprise 股份制企业Collective enterprise 集体企业Collective firm 集体企业，合作企业Township enterprise 乡镇企业Partnership enterprise 合伙企业Individual enterprise 个体企业Foreign-funded enterprise 外资企业Top 500 enterprises 最大500家企业Small business 小企业Primary industry 第一产业Secondary industry 第二产业Tertiary industry 第三产业Corporate Law 公司法Township Enterprise Law 乡镇企业法Independent legal entities 独立法人Board of directors 董事会Board of supervisors 监事会Shareholders conference 股东大会Entrepreneur 企业家Firm 公司，企业Company 公司Incorporation 公司Corporation 股份公司Group of enterprises 企业集团Conglomerate 企业集团，综合性大企业Company limited by shares 股份有限责任公司Controlling company 控股公司Holding company 控股公司Bank holding company 银行控股公司Company with limited liability 有限责任公司State-owned holding company 国家控股公司Public company 上市公司Private company 非上市公司Listed company 上市公司Overseas-listed company 境外上市公司Parent company 母公司Subsidiary company 子公司Group company 集团公司Large-scale industrial group 大型工业集团International conglomerate 跨国企业集团International corporation 跨国公司Multinational corporation 跨国公司Multinational market group 跨国市场集团Banking institution 金融机构Banking sector 银行部门Intermediary bank 中介银行Development bank 开发银行Commercial bank 商业银行Investment bank 投资银行Credit bank 信贷银行Cooperative bank 合作银行Mortgage bank 抵押银行Clearing bank 清算银行Credit union 信用社Non-bank financial institution 非银行金融机构Financing corporation 金融公司Securities company 证券公司Underwriting company 担保公司Loan and trust company 信托公司Insurance company 保险公司Life insurance company 人寿保险公司Utility company 公共事业公司MERGER AND ACQUISITION 兼并与收购Reorganization 重组Association 联合Merger 兼并Acquisition 收购Joint stock partnership 股份合作Leasing 出租Contract operation 承包经营Auction 拍卖Develop trans-regional and trans-industry enterprise groups 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团Strategic acquisition 战略性收购Combination of enterprise 企业合并Concentric acquisition 集中收购Conglomerate merger 集团企业合并Consolidation by lease 租赁式合并Consolidation by merger 兼并式合并Leveraged buy-out (LBO’s) 杠杆收购Stock merger 股票兼并Vertical acquisition 纵向收购Vertical merger 纵向兼并Vertical consolidation 纵向合并Vertical integration 纵向合并Horizontal merger 横向兼并Horizontal acquisition 横向收购Horizontal combination 横向合并，同行业合并Horizontal integration 横向联合Acquisition cost 收购成本Acquiring enterprise 收购方企业Corporate reorganization 公司重组Bankruptcy Law 破产法Bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第七章清算Bankruptcy code 11 --- reorganization 破产法第十一章重组Act of bankruptcy 破产法案Antitrust Law 反托拉斯法Bankruptcy court 破产法庭Bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人Bankruptcy notice 破产公告Bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产Declaration of bankruptcy 宣告破产Arrangement in bankruptcy court 破产法庭内的协调Arrangement out of bankruptcy court 不经破产法庭的协调Creditor’s equity 债权人权益Bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人Creditor’s meeting 债权人会议Creditor of bankruptcy 破产债权人MARKET AND COMPETITION 市场和竟争Commodity market 商品市场Securities market 证券市场Bond market 债券市场Stock market 股票市场Futures market 期货市场Options market 期权市场Property rights market 产权市场Capital market 资本市场Free market 自由市场Labour market 劳动力市场Flea market 跳蚤市场Bear market 股票市场的熊市Bull market 股票市场的牛市Market competition 市场竟争Market development 市场开发Market forecast 市场预测Market potential 市场潜力Market risk 市场风险Market share 市场份额Seller’s market 卖方市场Buyer’s market 买方市场Market abroad 海外市场Marketability 市场能力Marketable 销路好的Marketing channel 销售渠道Marketing strategy 销售战略Competition market 竟争市场Perfect competition 完全竟争Imperfect competition 不完全竟争Low-level competition 低水平竟争Monopolistic competition 垄断竟争Competitor 竟争对手Natural monopoly 自然垄断International monopoly 国际垄断Market 市场bear market 股票市场的熊市bond market 证券市场bull market 股票市场的牛市capital market 资本市场emerging market economic 新兴市场经济majority market economic 成熟市场经济market abroad 海外市场market analysis 市场分析market approach to fair market value 求得公平市场价值的市场法market competition 市场竟争market demand price 市场需求价格market development 市场开发market economy country 市场经济国家market factor 市场因素market forecast 市场预测market index 市场指数market information 市场信息market investigation 市场调查market potential 市场潜力market quotation 市场行情market replacement cost 市场重置成本market research 市场调查，市场研究market risk 市场风险market share 市场份额，市场占有率market value method 市价法market-oriented 面向市场的market-to-cost method 市价成本法property right market 产权市场seller’s market 卖方市场social market economy 社会主义市场经济stock market 股票市场Marketing 营销，市场销售marketing channel 销售渠道，市场渠道marketing cost 销售成本marketing manager 市场销售经理markrting strategy 市场经营战略marketing system 市场体系relationship marketing 关系营销Asset, Liability And Equity 资产,负债和权益Asset management 资产管理Tangible assets 有形资产Intangible assets 无形资产Physical assets 实物资产Fixed assets 固定资产Current assets 流动资产Current asset losses in suspense 待处理流动资产损失Deferred assets 递延资产Other assets 其它资产Total assets 总资产Net assets 净资产Book value of the assets 资产的账面值Non-ledger assets 帐外资产Asset account 资产账户Asset disposal 资产处置Asset depreciation 资产折旧Asset inventory shorts 资产盘亏Asset inventory surplus 资产盘盈Asset retirement 资产报废Asset revaluation 资产重估Capital assets 资本资产Monetary assets 金融资产Mortgage assets 抵押资产Long-term assets 长期资产Liability 负债Liability account 负债账户Direct liability 直接负债Current liability 流动负债Liability out of book 账外负债Long-term liability 长期负债Book debt 账面负债Asset liability ratio 资产负债比Owner’s equity 所有者权益Equity account 权益账户Stockholders’ e quity 股东权益Preferred stock equity 优先股权益Cumulative preferred stock 积累优先股Non-cumulative preferred stock 非积累优先股Convertible preferred stock 可转换优先股Participating preferred stock 参加优先股Non-Participating preferred stock 非参加优先股Callable preferred stock 可赎回优先股Common stock equity 普通股权益Total equity 权益总额企业评价指标Assets Liabilities Ratio 资产负债率Quick Ratio 速动比率Current Ratio 流动比率P/E ratio 市盈率Current Liabilities to Net Worth 流动负债比净资产Total Liabilities to Net Worth 总负债比净资产Fixed Assets to Net Worth 固定资产比净资产Inventory Turnover Ratio 存货Assets to SalesSales to Net Working Capital 销售收入比流动资金净值Accounts Payable to Sales 应付帐款比销售收入Return on Sales(profit Margin)Return on Assets 资产收益率Return on Total Assets 总资产收益率Return o n Shareholder’s Equity 股东权益收益率Return on Investment 投资收益Return on Net Worth(Return on Equity) 净资产收益率收益表 INCOME STATEMENT销售收入Sales Revenue减：销售折扣与折让Deduct: Sales Discount & Allowance销售收入净值Net Sales Revenue减：销售税金Deduct: Tax on Sales销售成本Coat of Sales销售毛利Gross Profit from Sales减：管理费用Deduct: Administration Expenses财务费用Financial Expenses销售利润Profit from Sales加：其它业务利润Plus: Profit from Other Operations营业利润Operating Profits加：投资收益Plus: Investment Income营业外净收入Non-Operating Revenue以前年度利润调整Adjustment of Earning of Prior Years利润总额Total Profits(Before Tax)减：所得税Deduct: Income Tax净利润Net Profits合并资产负债表 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET 资产Assets流动资产Current Assets长期应收帐款Long-term Receivable长期投资Long-term Investment固定资产Fixed Assets原值Original Coat减：累计折旧Deduct: Accumulated Depreciation净值Net Worth在建工程Construction in-progress其它资产Other Assets资产总额Total Assets负债和权益 Liabilities & Equity负债Liabilities流动负债Current Liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities负债合计Total Liabilities少数股东权益Minority Interests权益Equity实收资本Paid-in Capital资本公积Capital surplus保留盈利Retained Earnings权益合计Total Equity负债和权益总额Total Liabilities & EquityBALANCE SHEET 资产负债表ASSETS 资产Cash and Equivalents 现金和视同现金Accounts Receivable 应收帐款Inventories 存货Other Current Assets 其它流动资产Total Current Assets 流动资产总计Gross Prop.,Plant & Equip. 财产，场房和设备原值Accumulated Depreciation 累计折旧Net property, Plant & Equip. 财产，场房和设备净值Other Assets 其它资产Total Assets 总资产LIABILITIES & EQUITY 负债和权益Debt in Current Liabilities 流动负债Accounts Payable 应付帐款Income Taxes Payable 应付所得税Other Current Liabilities 其它流动负债long-term Debt 长期负债Deferred Taxes 递延税金Other Liabilities 其它负债Minority Interest 少数股东权益Total Liabilities 总负债Preferred Stock Equity 优先股权益Common Stock Equity 普通股权益Total Stockholders’ Equity 股东权益总计Total Liabilities and Equity 负债权益总计Insurance保险credit insurance 信用保险insurance company 保险公司insurance coverage 保险范围insurance fund 保险基金insurance industry 保险业Bank银行all-purpose bank 通用银行bank account balance 银行存款余额bank balance sheet 银行财务状况表bank credit 银行信贷bank debt 银行债务bank discount rate 银行贴现率bank holding company 银行控股公司bank interest 银行利息bank line 银行信用额度bank loan 银行借款bank rate 银行贴现率bank reserve 银行准备金bank’s buying rate 银行买价bank’s call loan 银行同行拆借bank’s selling rate 银行卖价clearing bank 清算银行commercial bank 商业银行cooperative bank 合作银行mortgage bank 抵押银行Banking 金融，银行业banking institution 金融机构Banking Law 银行法banking sector 银行部门Check 检查，核对，支票check account 支票帐户check for transfer 转帐支票check up account 对帐Cheque 支票Credit 信用，信贷credit agency 信贷机构credit analysis 信用分析credit and loan 信贷credit bank 信贷银行credit capacity 信贷能力credit capital 信贷资金credit card 信用卡credit crisis 信贷危机credit rating 信用评级credit risk 信贷风险credit standing 商业信誉credit union 信用社rural credit cooperatives 农村信用社urban credit cooperatives 城市信用社Creditor 债权人creditor bank 债权银行creditor country 债权国creditor of bankruptcy 破产债权人creditor’s equity 债权人权益creditor’s meeting 债权人大会secured creditors’ committee 有抵押债权人委员会unsecured creditors’ committee 无抵押债权人委员会Crisis 危机crisis export 转嫁危机crisis of confidence 信任危机Cumulative 累积的cumulative balance 累积余额cumulative preference share 累积优先股份Currency 货币currency crisis 货币危机currency devaluation 货币贬值currency revaluation 货币增值Discount 贴现，折扣，减价debt discount 债务贴现discount bank 贴现银行discount bond 按面值折价发行的债券discount cash flow 现金收支折现法discount factors 贴现系数表discount for cash 贴现discount interest 贴现利息discount liability 折价债务discount loan 贴现贷款discount market 贴现市场discount method 折扣方法discount of bill 票据贴现discount on share 股票折价discount on stock 股本折价discount rate 贴现率，折扣率discount securities 折扣证券Discounted 已贴现的，已折扣的discounted cash flow technique 现金流量折现法discounted present value 贴现后的现值Interest 利息，股利interest free deposit 无息存款interest free loan 无息贷款interest income 利息收益interest on principal 本息interest rate on deposits 存款利率interest rate risk 利率风险interest-rate cuts 利率下调interest-rate reductions 利率下调Loan 贷款，借贷，借款loan bank 贷款银行loan capital 借贷资本loan financing 贷款筹措loan fund 贷款基金loan guarantee 贷款担保loan interest 贷款利息loan receivable 应收贷款loan-deposit ratio 贷款存款比率allocations of special drawing rights 特别提款权分配额Duty关税Dumping 倾销dumoing code 反倾销法案dumoing duty 倾销税dumping export 倾销出口dumping price 倾销价格Duration 期限Duty 关税countervailing duty 分倾销性关税duty drawback 关税退税duty free 免税merger and acquisition兼并与收购Acquiring enterprise 购方企业Acquisition （公司间的）收购，获得acquisition agreement 收购协议acquisition approach 收购方法acquisition criteria 收购标准acquisition cost 收购成本acquisition price 收购价格acquisition process 收购过程acquisition program 收购程序acquisition value 购置价值friendly acquisition 善意收购(hostile takeover) 敌意收购internal acquisition team 内部收购小组international acquisition 国际收购Horizontal 水平的，横向的horizontal acquisition 横向收购horizontal combination 横向合并，同行业合并horizontal integration 横向联合horizontal merger 横向兼并Vertical 垂直的，纵向的vertical acquisition 纵向收购vertical consolidation 纵向合并vertical integration 纵向合并vertical merger 纵向兼并Leverage 杠杆作用，借贷机会Leveraged buy-out (LBO’s) 杠杆收购Leveraged lease 杠杆租赁Bankrupt破产bankrupt’s assets 破产者的财产Bankruptcy 破产act of bankruptcy 破产法案arrangement in bankruptcy court 迫产法庭调解bankruptcy administrator 破产管理人bankruptcy amendment act 破产修正案bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第7 章（清算）bankruptcy code chapter 11--- reorganization 破产法第11章(重组）bankruptcy court 破产法院bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人bankruptcy judge 破产判决bankruptcy law 破产法bankruptcy notice 破产公告bankruptcy ordinance 破产条例bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产bankruptcy proceedings 破产程序bankruptcy rules 破产规定bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人declaration of bankruptcy 宣布破产bankrupt’s assets 破产者的财产Bankruptcy 破产act of bankruptcy 破产法案arrangement in bankruptcy court 迫产法庭调解bankruptcy administrator 破产管理人bankruptcy amendment act 破产修正案bankruptcy code chapter 7--- liquidation 破产法第7 章（清算）bankruptcy code chapter 11--- reorganization 破产法第11章(重组）bankruptcy court 破产法院bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人bankruptcy judge 破产判决bankruptcy law 破产法bankruptcy notice 破产公告bankruptcy ordinance 破产条例bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产bankruptcy proceedings 破产程序bankruptcy rules 破产规定bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人declaration of bankruptcy 宣布破产Bond债券，证券，公债bond broker 债券经纪人bond creditor 债券债权人bond discount 债券折价bond issue 债券发行bond market 债券市场bond premium 债券溢价bond rating agency 债券评级机构bond yield 债券收益callable bond 通知偿还债券convertible bond 可转换债券government bond 政府债券junk bond 拉圾债券listed bond 挂牌债券，上市证券mortgage bond 抵押债券municipal bond 市政债券preference bond 优先债券，优先股registered bond 记名债券treasury bond 国库债券unlisted bond 未挂牌债券，未上市证Business administration企业管理，工商管理business assets 营业资产business competition 商业竟争business credit 商业贷款business efficiency 经济效率business entity 企业实体business ethics 商业道德business license 营业执照business management 企业管理business performance 经营成绩business policy 经营方针business representative 商务代表business risk 经营风险business strength 业务实力business tax 营业税business valuation 经济评价，企业评估Centralization 集中管理方式，集中化centralization and decentralization 集中与分散Management 管理Manage 管理，经营Managrd 管理的，经营的Management 管理central management 集中管理enterprise’s management 企业管理management accounting 管理会计management by objectives (MBO) 目标管理management decision 管理决策management function 管理职能management qualitymanagement information system 管理信息系统personnel management 人事管理Manager 经理，管理人员，经营者accounting manager 会计主管assistant general manager 助理，副总经理general manager 总经理Managerial 管理的managerial decision-making process 管理决策程序managerial economics 管理经济学managerial know-how 管理专门知识Loan 贷款，借贷，借款loan bank 贷款银行loan capital 借贷资本loan financing 贷款筹措loan fund 贷款基金loan guarantee 贷款担保loan interest 贷款利息loan receivable 应收贷款loan-deposit ratio 贷款存款比率Capital资本，股本additional paid-in capital 追加股本金borrowed capital 借入资本business capital 企业资本capital account 资本帐户capital accumulation 资本积累capital appreciation 资本增值capital and liability ratio 资本负债比率capital appreciation 资本增值capital assets account 资本资产账户capital authorized 法定资本，核定资本capital budget 资本预算capital construction investment 基本建设投资capital cost 资本成本，资本费用capital credit certificate 资本信用证书capital deficit 资本亏损capital export country 资本输出国capital in cash 现金资本capital in budget 预算内资金capital increase 增资capital input 资本投入capital investment 资本投资capital lease 资产租赁capital loan 资本借贷capital loss 资本损失capital market rate 资本市场利率capital net worth 资本净值capital paid in 实收资本，已缴资本capital ratio 资本比率capital reorganization 资本重组，资本改组capital reserve 公积金，准备金capital shortage 资金短缺capital stock 股本，股金总额capital structure 资本结构capital surplus 公积金，资本盈余capital transfer tax 资本转移税capital turnover 资金周转，资本周转capital value 资本价值circulating capital 流动资本，流通资本commodity capital 商品资本constant capital 不变资本corporate capital 公司资本current capital 流动资本dead capital 呆滞资本disposable capital 闲置资本entity capital 自有资本financing capital 金融资本group capitals 集团资本idle capital 呆滞资本monetary capital 货币资本net working capital 净流动资金nominal capital 名义资本，额定资本original capital 原始投资private capital 私人资本production capital 生产资本return on capital 资本收益率share capital 股本venture capital 风险资本，投机资本weighted average cost of capital(WACC) 加权平均资本成本Capital-intensive 资本集约型的，资本密集型的Capitalization 资产化capitalization rate 资产化率capitalization ratio 资产构成比率Stock股票，股份American Stock Exchange(AMEX) 美国证券交易所New York Stock Exchange(NYEX) 纽约证券交易所stock acquisition 股票收购stock and bond 股票和债券stock authorized 额定股本stock averages 股份平均指数stock bonus 股份红利stock capitalization 股份资本化stock certificate 股票stock common 普通股stock dividend 股利，股息stock equity securities 股权证券stock exchange 股票交易所stock exchange firm 证券公司stock index 证券指数stock index futures 股票指数期货stock insurance company 股票保险公司stock ledger 存货簿，股东名册stock market credit 股票市场信用stock market quotation 股市行情stock merger 股票兼并stock option 股票购买权stock ownership 股权stock preferred 优先股stock premium 股票溢价stock purchase warrant 购股证stock transfer 股票转让stock-for asset reorganization 股票资产交换式重组stock-for stock reorganization 股票股票交换式重组voting stock 有投票权的股票NYSE New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所AMEX American Stock Exchange 美国证券交易所。

环保词汇---污染物,污染源,污染治理,废物污染物aerosols 气溶胶/ 气雾剂agricultural wastes 农业废物asbestos 石棉commercial noise 商业噪音composite pollution 混合污染dioxins 二恶英hazardous substances 危险物质hazardous wastes 危险废物heavy metals 重金属hospital wastes 医院废物industrial effluents 工业废水industrial emissions 工业排放物industrial fumes 工业烟尘industrial noise 工业噪声inorganic pollutants 无机污染物lead contamination 铅污染liquid wastes 液体废物litter 丢弃物/ 废气物mercury contamination 汞污染micropollutants 微污染物mining wastes 采矿废物motor vehicle emissions 机动车辆排放物municipal waste 城市废物nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物noise pollution 噪声污染odour nuisance 恶臭公害organic pollutants 有机物污染persistent organic pollutants 难降解有机污染物pharmaceutical wastes 医药废物plastic wastes 塑料废物radioactive substances 放射性物质rubber waste 橡胶废物sewage 污水solid wastes 固体废物thermal pollution 热污染toxic substances 有毒物质toxic waste 有毒废物toxins 毒素traffic noise 交通噪音trash 废物/ 垃圾wood waste 木材废料污染源biological weapons 生物武器cement industry 水泥工业chemical weapons 化学武器chimneys 烟囱motor vehicles 机动车辆motorcycles 摩托车nuclear weapons 核武器ocean dumping 海洋倾倒oil spills 石油泄漏scrap metals 废金属excavation heaps 挖掘堆积污染治理acoustic insulation 隔音chemical decontamination 化学污染清除desulphurization of fuels 燃料脱硫filters 过滤器noise abatement 噪音治理pollution abatement equipment 污染治理设备pollution control technology 污染控制技术radiation protection 辐射防护scrubbers 洗涤器separators 分离器smoke prevention 防烟waste minimization 废物最少化废物battery disposal 电池处理chemical treatment of waste 废物的化学处理disposal sites 处置场所incineration of waste 废物焚烧mine filling 矿山回填oil residue recuperation 残油回收radioactive waste management 放射性废物管理recycled materials 回收的材料recycling 回收reuse of materials 材料再利用sanitary landfills 卫生填埋sea outfall 海洋排泄口septic tanks 化粪池sewage disposal 污水处置sewage treatment systems 污水处理系统solid waste disposal 固体废物处置waste assimilation capacities 废物同化处置waste conversion techniques 废物转化技术waste disposal 废物处置waste disposal in the ground 废物土地处置waste recovery 废物回收waste use 废物利用water reuse 水的再利用环境工程词汇安全阀safety valve安全浮箱emergency floating caisson安全闸emergency bulkhead板条式输送机slat conveyor半反应half reaction半封闭水体semi-enclosed water body半水化物semi-hydrate半污水生物mesosaprobia饱和浓度saturation concentration饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved oxygen保存性污染物conservative pollutants保护格栅protecting rack曝气器aerator曝气池aeration basin曝气滴滤池aerated trickling filter本底噪声background noise泵式挖泥机pump dredger泵送量pump delivery滗水器decanter比容积specific volume比色测氧仪colorimetric oxygen detector比声计acoustic meter表面加速曝气accelerated surface aeration表面曝气机surface aerator表面活性剂interfacial active agentBOD （生化需氧量）Biochemical Oxygen Demand 不降解non-degradable不溶解物insoluble substance采滤器sludge sampler残渣量level of residue槽桨式搅拌器trough-paddle mixer超声波液位计ultrasonic level meter超声波流量计ultrasonic flow meter超声波液位开关ultrasonic level switch沉淀池sedimentation tank沉淀滴定法volumetric precipitation method 沉淀（降）物foots, settling matters沉泥池mud sump沉砂池（箱）grit chamber沉污池（沉淀池）wet pit沉砂池搅拌器grit chamber agitator沉箱sinking caisson废物处理waste disposal垃圾焚化装置refuse incinerator垃圾收集refuse collection热岛效应heat island effect澄清池clarification tank澄清过滤clarifying filtration澄清器defecator持水当量moisture equivalent充水堰waste weir冲砂闸sand sluice (under sluice)冲砂闸门flush gate (wash-out gate)冲洗池rinse tank抽水池priming reservoir出水阀outlet valve出渣槽slag notch初沉池primary settling tank初澄池preliminary clarifier初滤池primary filter除砂设备sand eliminator除油池grease removal tank除气器deaerator除氧器deaerator除污机cleanerCOD( 化学需氧量) Chemical Oxygen Demand 串联泵pumps in series串联质谱仪tandem mass spectrometer吹泄阀（箱）blow-off valve (tank)垂直闸门堰draw-door weir纯氧曝气法unox process次漂浮生物hyponeuston次生环境secondary environment粗格栅coarse screen粗格栅井coarse screen well粗滤池coarse filter催化剂catalyst萃取溶剂extractive solvent存水池dew-pond氧化沟工艺基本术语粗格栅,coarse screens进水泵房,inlet pumping station细格栅,fine screens沉砂池,grit removal chambers选择池,selection tank氧化沟,oxidation ditch二沉池,secondary sedimentation tank污泥泵房,sludge pumping station污泥浓缩,thickening and dewatering station粗格栅井,coarse screen well粗格栅清污机, coarse screen cleaning devices栅条,channel栅渣输送机, coarse screen residue conveyer电动闸门, electric gate潜污泵, submersible sewage pump渠道闸门, channel gate旋流沉砂池, votex grit removal chamber立式桨叶式分离机, vertical paddle-type separator 输砂泵, grit lifting pump水力旋流浓缩器, hydraulic votex concentrator砂水分离器, grit-water separator选择池,selection tank潜水式搅拌器, submersible mixer转盘曝气机, disk aerator潜水推流器, submersible water impeller电动回转堰门, electric revolving checkgate刮泥机,sludge scraper提升泵站, lifting Pump Station蝶阀,butterfly valve止回阀,check valve污泥泵池, sludge pumping tank污泥浓缩脱水机房, sludge thickening and dewatering station带式浓缩脱水一体机, belt mechanical integrated equipment for sludge thickening and dewatering全自动絮凝剂配置和储存系统, automatic flocculent arrangement and storage system絮凝剂投加系统, flocculent injection system污泥絮凝反应槽, sludge flocculating tank污泥进泥泵,pump for adding the sludge螺旋输送机, screw conveyor滤布反冲泵, filtering cloth backwash pump超声波流量计, supersonic flow meter电磁流量计, electromagnetic flow meter现场控制站,local control station中央控制室,central control station[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。

低碳（low carbon）是当下社会最为时尚的词汇，从京都议定书以来，碳排放量就一直是环境问题的一个关键点，低碳相关的内容。

低碳Low-Carbon低碳经济Low-Carbon Economy（LCE）低碳生活Low-Carbon Life低碳旅游Low-Carbon Tour低碳城市化道路Low-Carbon urbanization way碳Carbon二氧化碳Carbon dioxide二氧化碳排放the output of the carbon dioxide二氧化碳浓度Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide碳减排Carbon emission reduction碳排放标准Standard for carbon dioxide emission一氧化碳Carbon monoxide温室气体Greenhouse gas（GHS）温室气体排放Greenhouse gas emission生物圈Biosphere大气监测Atmospheric monitoring大气层的化学成分Chemical composition of the atmosphere臭氧层Ozone layer生态Ecology生态系统Ecosystem环境指标Environmental indicators环境政策Environmental policy环境风险评估Environmental risk assessment可持续发展Sustainable developmentPresently, a new lifestyle called low-carbon life is spreading every corner of our country. The concepts of low-carbon are low energy and no waste.It is such a significant project that I can’t wait to present my ideas on how to promote it.On the first place, a no-car day is supposed to set up every week in our school. Because cars not only cause serious air pollution but also waste energy. On on-car day, neither students nor teachers are allowed to drive to school. Meanwhile, just walk, jump, cycle or run. Use our legs and enjoy the fun. On the second place, we had best not use plastic bags any more. No one can stand the “white pollution”. So, it is wise to use bags which can be reused again and again. Finally,one thing that we should keep in mind: every big thing comes from the subtle. Therefore, as students, we ought to turn out the lights the moment we leave, turn off the tap in time, and reuse our textbook and so on.All in all, it weighs greatly for all of us to put the low-carbon lifestyle into practice. Just set our mind to these: no-car day, no plastic bags, and no waste. Let’s do it now.新华社报道：The National Development and Reform Commission has confirmed the government will take concrete actions to develop a low-carbon economy after it pledged to substantially reduce carbon intensity at last year's Copenhagen Conference.国家发展与改革委员会已证实政府将采取切实行动，发展低碳经济。