四六级考试常考重点英语语法汇总
- 格式:doc
- 大小:27.00 KB
- 文档页数:6
四六级考试常考英语语法
一.定语从句
引导定语从句的有关系代词as,who,whom,whom,which,that和关系副词when,where,why等。
1.as引导定语从句
(1)as引导定语从句,相当于which。
如I am from shanghai,as/which you know。
但as引导的定语从句可以放在句首,而which不能;
例:As you know,I am from shanghai。
}
(2)as可作为关系代词来引导定语从句,既可以单独引导从句,又可以与主句中的the same 或such 相呼应,从句中的谓语动词常省略。
2.关系代词that与which用法区别:
(1)which可以引导一个非限制性定语从句,that则不能;
(2)which之前可以有介词,that之前则不能;
(3)只能用that,而不能用which的主要情形:
——当先行词是all,anything,few,little,much,none,nothing,something 等不定代词时;
——当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;
——当先行词被the very,the only等词修饰时。
;
例:Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems to which they have not found solutions so far。
二.状语从句
1. 让步状语从句
(1)由no matter + wh-疑问词【no matter what】和wh-疑问词+ever 【whatever】。但wh-疑问词+ever【whatever】引导的名词从句则不能用no matter替换。
Take the coat ,no matter what coat it is / whatever coat it is .
(2)No matter whether…or…结构中可将no matter省略,形成whether…or…或whether…or not 引导选择条件句。
例;The substance does not dissolve in water whether {it is}heated or not。
2.条件状语从句
】
翻译条件状语从句时,要注意时态的选择。
例;Please come here at ten tomorrow morning if it is convenient for you。条件状语从句,用if引导;主句是祈使句,相当于将来时态,故从句应用一般现在时。
3. 时间状语从句
例;We do not know it until a doctor discovered it by chance。
4. 原因状语从句
常见引导原因状语从句的引导词有;because,as,now that/since, in that 等。
三.名词性从句
1. 主语从句
)
汉语中的“的”字结构可译成英语的主语从句,用what引导,相当于the thing that。
例:What many people have not realized is that read books is a insteresting thing。
2. 表语从句
In my seventies,one change I notice is that I am more easily to get tired than before。
四.比较结构
1. as…as【与…一样】,more…than【比…更】,a bit/a little/a
lot/even/far/gretly/many/much/sightly/still+形容词/副词比较级这些结构。
注意:more than 表示‘不只是,只不过’;no more…than…=not…any more than…,表示‘与…一样不…’。
例:I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because it is more convenient and time-saving。
^
例:Since my childhood I have found that nothing is more attractive to me than reading。
2.The more…the more…“越…越…”
例:The more you explain ,the more confused me。
3倍数表达法
——A is 倍数+the size/length/width of B【A是B的几倍大/长/宽】
——A is 倍数+形容词或副词原级+as B【A是B的几倍】
——A is 倍数 more than B【A是B的几倍】
例:On average,it is said,visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in London.
{
4.表示与…相比较的短语{compare with和in comparison with}
例:Your losses in trade this year are nothing compared with/in comparison with mine。
五.情态动词
1. 情态动词中的must,can,could,may,might都表示推测。其中must可能性最大,can和could其次,may和might最小。
2. 情态动词完成时所表达的意义:
——could have done 本科可能做